This post was inspired by Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago. Despite the fact that I liked the book very much, I "tormented" it for two months.
Summary of the novel by Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago"
Yuri Zhivago is the central character in Boris Pasternak's novel. The story begins with a description of the funeral of Yura's mother, who was then still quite small. Soon Yura's father, once a wealthy representative of the Zhivago family, also died. He threw himself from a moving train and crashed. It was rumored that a very clever lawyer by the name of Komarovsky was to blame. It was he who managed the financial affairs of Father Yuri and thoroughly confused them.
Yura remained in the care of his uncle, who took care of his development and education. Uncle's family belonged to the intelligentsia, so Yura developed comprehensively. Yura had good friends: Tonya Kruger, Misha Gordon and Innokenty Dudorov.
Yura decides to become a doctor, because his personality was the most suitable for this profession (as we will see later, Zhivogo really became a good doctor). After finishing his education, Yuri marries Tonya. But family happiness did not last long - the First World War, and Yuri was nevertheless called to the front immediately after the birth of his son Alexander. Yuri went through the whole war and saw not only the horrors of the war itself, but also the revolution that caused the collapse of the army and the Russian state. After the revolution began Civil War.
Yuri hardly reached Moscow and found her in a very sad state: there was no food, the Provisional Government could not cope with its duties, the Bolsheviks, incomprehensible to anyone, were gaining strength.
Another very important heroine of Boris Pasternak's novel, Larisa, was the daughter of Madame Guichard, who owned a small sewing workshop. Larisa was smart and beautiful, which Komarovsky, already known to us, who conducted the business of Madame Guichard, did not fail to notice. He seduced Larisa and kept her in some kind of irrational fear and submission. Larisa was friends with Pavel Antipov, whom he secretly helps with money. Pavel is the son of a man of Bolshevik views and convictions. He was constantly persecuted, so Paul was brought up by strangers.
Over time, Pavel and Larisa create a family, they will have a daughter. They go to the Urals, to Yuryatin, and work as teachers in a gymnasium. Pavel, obeying some strange urge, enrolls in officer courses and goes to war, where he goes missing. Comrade Pavel Galiullin considers him dead, but Pavel was captured. Larisa becomes a nurse and goes in search of Pavel. Fate brings them together at the front with Yuri Zhivago. They felt strong sympathy for each other, but their feelings have not yet become strong. Fate separates them - Zhivago returns to Moscow, Larisa - to Yuryatin.
The Zhivago family lives in Moscow in limbo: there is not enough money, there is no or little work, and a civil war is raging in the country. They remember the estate of grandfather Tony in Varykino (near Yuriatin) and decide to go there to experience the horrors of war in a distant and abandoned corner. After a long time receiving required documents they go on a long journey. Trains run poorly and irregularly, whites and reds have not yet figured out who is stronger, the country is flooded with robbers and marauders. How long does it take them to reach Yuryatin and come to Varykino, where they first settle in the manager's house, and then equip their dwelling. They are engaged agriculture and slowly improve their lives.
Zhivago heals people from time to time and becomes a very famous person in the city. He visits Yuryatin's library from time to time and one day meets Larisa there. Now their feelings have made themselves felt and they become lovers. Yuri is very fond of both Tonya and Larisa. Out of great respect for his wife, he decides to confess his treason to her and leave Larisa, but on the way home he is taken prisoner by the Red partisans. He spent the next almost two years with the partisans, performing the duties of a doctor. Therefore, he did not even see the child with whom Tonya was pregnant at the time of his capture.
Yuri Zhivago roams Siberia with partisans, heals the sick and patiently endures all the conversations of the fanatical partisan commander Mikulitsyn (he was the son of the manager of the Varykino estate). One day he flees from the partisans, when uncertainty and excitement for his family could no longer keep him in the detachment. He walks to Yuriatin and learns that his family is safe; they left for Moscow and are preparing for forced expulsion abroad (as representatives of a layer of society that the new government does not need - the intelligentsia). Tonya informs him in a letter about all this and allows him to live as he sees fit.
Zhivago also finds Larisa; with her, he again develops the closest relationship. She left him after an illness caused by a long transition to Yuriatin. Briy recovers and they try to fix their lives, both enter the service. As time went on, they felt that the new government would hardly be able to accept them. Therefore, they decide to leave again for Varykino in order to save themselves and hide from the raging new power there. Ironically, Larisa Antipov's father-in-law, who is not particularly fond of her, wants to send trouble on her. Larisa, as we remember. secretly helped him and Paul with money when they experienced hardships. Shortly before the departure of Larisa and Yuri, the same Komarovsky finds them and invites them to leave for Far East where white power is still in place. Zhivago and Larisa refuse and leave for Varykino.
They spent only about two weeks in Varykino: Larisa understands that Komarovsky is the only chance to save her daughter, but she categorically does not want to leave Yuri, who categorically does not want to go with Komarovsky. Komarovsky, meanwhile, arrives in Varykino and convinces Yuri to let Larisa go with him. Yuri realizes that he will never see her again, but allows them to leave.
After the departure of Larisa and Komarovsky, Yuri begins to go crazy with loneliness and degrade: he drinks a lot, but at the same time writes poems about Larisa. Once a stranger comes to Varykino, he turns out to be the once formidable Strelnikov, who terrified the whole of Siberia, and now a fugitive. This very Strelnikov opposes the Whites, who are led by Galiullil, already known to us. Strelnikov turns out to be Larisa's husband Pavel Antipov, who, being an idealist, wanted to make the world a better place and bring it to Larisa's feet (Antipov was Galiullin's colleague during the First World War). He thought that she never loved him, but Zhivago said that she beat him up even when she was with Yuri. Strelnikov-Antipov, struck by this news, understands how much stupidity and evil he has done. In the morning, Yuri finds him shot and buries him. After that, Yuri starts on foot to Moscow.
Having reached Moscow through the territory of a destroyed and wounded country, Zhivago again begins to write and publish his books, which are popular among the intelligentsia. At the same time, he descends, abandons the practice and enters into a relationship with his third and final woman - the daughter of the former janitor of the Tony family. They have two children. 8 or 9 years go by like this.
One day Zhivago disappears and informs his family that he will live separately for some time. The fact is that he is again found by his half-brother Evgraf, who turns out to be a man with connections and opportunities. Many years ago, he helped Tonya to get Yuri out of illness, and now he rented a room for him, which, ironically, turns out to be the same room where Larisa and Pavel once lived. Yuri tries to write again, gets a job, dies on the day he goes to work (heart failure). A lot of people come to Yuri's funeral, Larisa also visited them, who then disappeared without a trace (probably was arrested).
The story of Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" ends in the forties (during the offensive of our troops against the Nazis): his old friends Dudorov and Gordon meet and discuss all sorts of news, including the amazing fate of the daughter of Yuri and Larisa. Their daughter was an orphan and a homeless child, but she was eventually found and taken under his wing by Yuri's half-brother Yevgraf, who turned out to be a general. the general also took care of Yuri's work.
Meaning
Probably, the life of Yuri Zhivago should be associated with the existence of a forever lost layer - the Russian intelligentsia. Weak, impractical, but deeply sympathetic and sacrificial, the Russian intelligentsia ceased to exist, unable to find a place for itself in new system coordinates. Just as Yury Zhivago did not find a place for himself.
Conclusion
I read the book for a very long time. At first it did not seem exciting to me, but slowly I read it and could no longer tear myself away. I liked it very much. I recommend reading!
V recent months During the war, Boris Pasternak was often invited to Moscow University, the Polytechnic Museum and the House of Scientists, where he publicly read his poems. Therefore, he hoped that the victory would significantly affect the political climate. But a bitter disappointment awaited him: the attacks of the leaders of the Writers' Union continued. He could not be forgiven for his ever-increasing popularity among foreign readers.
Starting a novel
The idea of the novel "Doctor Zhivago", the history of which began at the very beginning creative way Pasternak, formed in the mind of the poet for a long time. But in the fall of 1945, having brought together all the images, thoughts, intonations, he realized that he was ready to begin work on the work. Moreover, the plot was so clearly formed into a single line that the poet expected that it would take him only a few months to write the novel.
We can say that February 1946 is the beginning of Pasternak's work on the novel. After all, it was then that the poem "Hamlet" was written, which opens the last chapter of Doctor Zhivago.
And in August the first chapter was already ready. He read it to close friends. But on August 14, “the very same” Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad was issued. Despite the fact that it had no direct relation to Pasternak (it affected the fate of A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko), this event gave rise to a new round of struggle against "ideologically alien" authors. His situation worsened even more when rumors spread about the possible nomination of Pasternak for Nobel Prize.
Working on the first chapters
However, the author did not stop working. The novel "Doctor Zhivago" captivated Pasternak so much that by the end of December two more chapters were completed. And the first two were copied to a clean copy, the sheets of which were sewn into a notebook.
It is known that the original name was different: "Boys and Girls". So the author called his work at the first stages of creation. It was not only a description of the historical image of Russia in the first half of the 20th century, but also an expression of Pasternak's subjective views on the place of man in the formation of the world, on art and politics, etc.
In the same 1946, the poet meets a woman who became his last love. It was At the beginning of the acquaintance, she served as a secretary. There were plenty of barriers between them. These are past tragedies and current life circumstances. Ivinskaya's first husband committed suicide, the second was also dead. And Pasternak at that time was married for the second time, he had children.
Their love was against all odds. Many times they parted forever, but they could not live apart. Pasternak himself admitted that it was Olga's features that he put into the image main character novel by Lara Guichard.
Break
The difficult financial situation forced Pasternak to interrupt work on the novel Doctor Zhivago. The history of creation continued in the next year, 1948. And the whole of 1947, the poet was engaged in translations, because he had to provide not only himself, but also all those whom he voluntarily took care of. This is his own family, and Nina Tabidze (wife of the repressed Georgian poet), Ariadna and Anastasia Tsvetaeva (daughter and sister of the poetess), and the widow of Andrei Bely, and, finally, the children of Olga Ivinskaya.
In the summer of 1948, the fourth chapter of the novel was completed. At the same time, the author gave the final title to the work: Doctor Zhivago. The content has already been structured, the parts are also titled.
He would finish the seventh chapter only by the spring of 1952. In the autumn it was printed in white. Thus ended the work on the first book of the novel "Doctor Zhivago". The author suffered a myocardial infarction a few days later, was hospitalized and stayed in the hospital for more than two months. There, being in an extremely difficult condition, he suddenly felt close to the Creator. This feeling influenced the mood of his works.
After the death of Stalin and the execution of Beria, there was a noticeable revival of literary life. Yes, and Boris Pasternak perked up, especially since Olga Ivinskaya returned from the camps. In 1954 ten poems from the unfinished novel were published.
Completion of Doctor Zhivago
In the autumn of 1954, Pasternak and Ivinskaya resumed their close relationship. Olga spent the summer of 1955 near Peredelkino. There the poet rented a house for her. He could not completely leave his family. Tormented by an unbearable sense of guilt before his wife, he led a double life. Since that time, Olga has been almost completely engaged in Pasternak's money, editorial and publishing affairs. Now Boris Leonidovich has more time for creativity. In July, he was already working on the epilogue. The finishing touches were made at the end of 1955.
The further fate of the novel
Hoping for a liberalization of views, Pasternak offers the manuscript of the novel to two publishers at the same time. Also, for the purpose of acquaintance, Boris Leonidovich gave the manuscript to the radio correspondent, the Italian Sergio d'Angelo, who was also a literary agent of the publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. Most likely the poet given fact was famous. Soon he received the expected news from an Italian publisher who offered to publish the novel. Pasternak accepted the offer, but was sure that his work (“Doctor Zhivago”) would be published faster in his native country. The history of the creation of the novel is interesting because it is full of unexpected twists and turns. None of the magazines gave an answer, and only in September Pasternak received an official refusal from the Novy Mir publishing house.
The poet did not give up and still believed in the success of the novel in his homeland. Indeed, Goslitizdat accepted the novel Doctor Zhivago for publication. But the event itself was delayed due to numerous amendments and withdrawals of editors. Unexpectedly, several poems and two chapters from Doctor Zhivago were published by the Polish magazine Opinie. This was the start of a scandal. Pasternak was under pressure to withdraw the manuscript from Feltrinelli. Boris Leonidovich sent a telegram to the Italian publisher demanding that the text of the novel be returned. However, behind the back of the Union of Writers, Pasternak simultaneously gives permission to Feltrinelli to publish the novel Doctor Zhivago. The author gave the go-ahead to preserve the original text.
Even the conversation of Pasternak's main persecutor with the Italian did not change the decision to publish the novel. Also in other countries, the first copies of the work were already being prepared for release.
The reaction of the West to the novel "Doctor Zhivago". The history of creation ended in tragedy
The reaction of Western critics was so resonant that they again wanted to nominate Pasternak for the Nobel Prize. The author was very encouraged by the attention of foreign readers and gladly answered letters coming from all over the world. On October 23, 1958, he received a telegram with the news that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize and an invitation to receive it.
It is clear that the Writers' Union was against the trip, and Pasternak was directly instructed to refuse the prize. Pasternak did not accept this ultimatum, and, as a result, was expelled from the membership of the Writers' Union of the USSR.
Last lines
Boris Leonidovich was so morally exhausted and driven to the point that he nevertheless changed his mind and refused the prize. But this did not reduce the flurry of angry statements addressed to him. The poet understood that this scandal could turn into even more serious consequences for him. He suffered very much. He expressed his feelings in one of his last poems. This poem was the answer to all attacks and angry discussions. But at the same time, the last lines spoke again about the personal: about the break with Olga, for whom he missed so much.
Soon Pasternak had a heart attack. And three weeks later, on May 30, 1960, Boris Leonidovich died.
The life and fate of Pasternak is one of the most amazing in the history of our literature, with its tragedy and heroism.
B. Pasternak, "Doctor Zhivago": a summary
The novel describes the events of 1903-1929. The main character is a doctor. This is a person with very creative views and an interesting character. Life's difficulties touched him as early as childhood, when his father first left the family, who later committed suicide, and at the age of 11 he lost his mother. He, in fact, is Dr. Zhivago. Yuri Zhivago lived a not very long, but very eventful life. There were several women in his life, but only one love. Her name was Lara Guichard. Fate gave them quite a bit of time to be together. Difficult times, obligations to other people, life circumstances - everything was against their love. Yuri dies in 1929 from a heart attack. But later, his half-brother finds his notes and poems, which make up the final part of the novel.
The plot lines of the novel were largely influenced by the difficulty with which Boris Pasternak wrote his work. "Doctor Zhivago", summary which does not give the fullness of sensations from this great work, was very warmly received in the West and so cruelly rejected in the Soviet Union. Therefore, every Russian needs to read this magnificent novel and feel the spirit of a real Russian person.
Yuri Zhivago - main character Boris Leonidovich Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago"; a successful physician who served during the war; husband of Antonina Gromeko and half-brother of Major General Efgraf Zhivago. Yuri was orphaned early, losing first his mother, who died as a result of a long illness, and then his father, who, being intoxicated, jumped off a moving train at full speed. His life was not easy. As the author himself said, he came up with the hero's surname from an expression taken from a prayer: "God Zhivago." The phrase meant an association with Jesus Christ, "healing all living things." This is how Pasternak wanted to see his character.
It is believed that the prototype of the hero was the author himself, or rather his spiritual biography. He himself said that Doctor Zhivago should be associated not only with him, but rather with Blok, with Mayakovsky, perhaps even with Yesenin, that is, with those authors who died early, leaving behind a valuable volume of poetry. The novel covers the entire first half of the twentieth century, and the doctor passes away in the critical year of 1929. It turns out that in some ways this is an autobiographical novel, but in some ways it is not. Yuri Andreevich found the October Revolution and the First World War. At the front, he was a practicing doctor, and at home he was a caring husband and father.
However, events developed in such a way that all life went contrary to the established order in society. At first he was left without parents, then he was brought up in a family of distant relatives. He subsequently married the daughter of his benefactors, Tanya Gromeko, although he was more attracted to the mysterious Lara Guichard, whose tragedy he could not then know. Over time, life brought these two together, but they did not stay together for long. The same ill-fated lawyer Komarovsky became the razluchnik, after a conversation with whom Yuri's father jumped out of the train at one time.
In addition to healing, Zhivago was fond of literature and writing poetry. After his death, friends and family discovered notebooks in which he wrote down his poems. One of them began with the words: “The candle was burning on the table, the candle was burning ...” It was born in his head that evening when he and Tonya were heading to the Christmas tree to friends and witnessed how Lara shot at her mother’s lover. This incident will forever remain in his memory. That same evening, she explained herself to Pasha Antipov, who became her lawful husband. The events developed in such a way that Lara and Pasha broke up, and Yura, after being wounded, ended up in the hospital where she worked as a nurse. There, an explanation took place, during which Yura admitted that he loved her.
The doctor's wife and two children were expelled from the country and emigrated to France. Tonya knew about his relationship with Lara, but continued to love him. The turning point for him was the parting with Larisa, who was fraudulently taken away by Komarovsky. After that, Zhivago completely neglected himself, did not want to practice medicine and was not interested in anything. The only thing that fascinated him was poetry. At first, he treated the revolution well, but after being in captivity, where he had to shoot living people, he changed his enthusiasm to compassion for innocent people. He deliberately refused to participate in the story.
In fact, this character lived the life he wanted to live. Outwardly, he looked weak-willed, but in fact he had a strong mind and good intuition. Zhivago died of a heart attack that happened to him on a crowded tram. Larisa Antipova (Guichard) was also at his funeral. As it turned out, she had a daughter from Yuri, whom she was forced to give up for the upbringing of a strange woman. After his death, his half-brother Evgraf Zhivago took care of his niece and his brother's work.
The beginning of the 20th century was a period of severe trials for Russia: the First World War, revolution, civil war destroyed millions of human destinies. The complex relationship between man and the new era is described with poignant drama in Boris Leonidovich Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago. Analysis of the work according to the plan will allow you to better prepare not only for the lesson in literature in grade 11, but also for the exam.
Brief analysis
Year of writing- 1945-1955.
History of creation The novel was written over ten years, and brought the writer the Nobel Prize in Literature. However, the fate of the work was very difficult: for a long time it was banned at home, and a real persecution unfolded against Pasternak.
Topic- The work fully discloses the problems of many pressing social issues, but the central theme is the opposition of man and history.
Composition- The composition of the work is very complex and is based on the interweaving of the fates of the main actors. All the characters of the central characters are considered through the prism of Yuri Zhivago's personality.
genre- A multi-genre novel.
Direction- Realism.
History of creation
The novel was created over a whole decade (1945-1955). And this is not surprising, since the work describes the most important era in the history of Russia and raises global problems society.
For the first time, the idea to write such a grandiose novel came to Boris Leonidovich in 17-18, but at that time he was not yet ready for such work. The writer began to realize his plan only in 1945, having spent 10 years of hard work on this.
In 1956, attempts were made in the Soviet Union to publish the novel, but they were unsuccessful. Pasternak was subjected to the most severe criticism for the anti-Soviet content of the novel, while the entire Western world literally applauded the Russian genius for his brilliant work. World recognition of "Doctor Zhivago" led to the fact that Boris Leonidovich was awarded the Nobel Prize, which he was forced to refuse at home. The novel was first published in the Soviet Union only in 1988, opening to the general public the incredible power of Pasternak's literary gift.
Interestingly, Boris Leonidovich was far from immediately able to decide on the name of his offspring. One version was replaced by another ("There will be no death", "The candle burned", "Innokenty Dudorov", "Boys and Girls"), until, finally, he settled on the final version - "Doctor Zhivago".
The meaning of the name The novel consists in comparing the protagonist with the merciful and all-forgiving Christ - "You are the son of the living God." It is no coincidence that the writer chose the Old Slavonic form of the adjective "live" - this is how the theme of sacrifice and resurrection runs like a red thread in the work.
Topic
Analyzing the work in Doctor Zhivago, it is worth noting that the author revealed in it many important topics Keywords: life and death, search for oneself in a renewed society, loyalty to one's ideals, choice of a life path, the fate of the Russian intelligentsia, honor and duty, love and mercy, resistance to the blows of fate.
but central theme novel can be called the relationship of personality and era. The author is sure that a person should not sacrifice his own life for the sake of fighting external circumstances, nor should he adapt to them, losing his true "I". The basic idea that Pasternak wants to convey in his work lies in the ability to remain himself under any living conditions, no matter how difficult they may be.
Yuri Zhivago does not strive for luxury or satisfaction of his own ambitions - he simply lives and endures all the difficulties that fate brings him. No external circumstances can break his spirit, lose his self-esteem, change his life principles that were formed in his youth.
The author attaches no less importance theme of love which pervades the entire novel. This strong feeling in Pasternak is shown in all possible manifestations - love for a man or woman, for his family, profession, homeland.
Composition
The main feature of the composition of the novel is a heap of random, but at the same time fateful meetings, all kinds of coincidences, coincidences, unexpected twists of fate.
Already in the first chapters, the author skillfully weaves a complex plot knot in which the fates of the main characters are connected by invisible threads: Yuri Zhivago, Lara, Misha Gordon, Komarovsky and many others. At first, it may seem that all the plot intricacies are unnecessarily far-fetched and complex, but in the course of the novel their true meaning and purpose become clear.
The composition of the novel is based on the acquaintance of the acting characters and the subsequent development of their relationship, but on the crossing of independently developing human destinies. The main characters, like an X-ray, are shown through by the author, and all of them, one way or another, close on Yuri Zhivago.
An interesting compositional move by Pasternak is Zhivago's notebook with his poems. It symbolizes a window into the infinity of being. Having lost a genuine interest in life and morally sunk to the very bottom, the main character dies, but his soul remains to live in beautiful poems.
main characters
genre
It is extremely difficult to accurately determine the genre of the novel, since it is a rich fusion of various genres. This work can be safely called autobiographical, since it reflects the main life milestones of Pasternak, who endowed the main character with many personal qualities.
Also, the novel is philosophical, as it pays a lot of attention to reflections on serious topics. The work is also of great interest from a historical point of view - it describes in detail, without embellishment, a whole historical layer in the history of a large country.
One should not deny the fact that Doctor Zhivago is a deeply lyrical novel in verse and prose, in which symbols, images, and metaphors take up a lot of space.
The genre originality of the work is amazing: it surprisingly harmoniously intertwines many literary genres. This gives reason to conclude that "Doctor Zhivago" refers to a multi-genre novel.
It is also difficult to say which direction the novel belongs to, but, for the most part, this is a realistic work.
Artwork test
Analysis Rating
Average rating: 3.9. Total ratings received: 132.
It became one of the most important works of the 20th century written in Russian. The analysis of "Doctor Zhivago" helps to better understand this work, to understand what the author himself tried to convey to the reader. He worked on it for 10 whole years - from 1945 to 1955. It presents an extensive description of the fate of the domestic intelligentsia against the backdrop of dramatic events in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Through the fate of the protagonist, the theme of life and death, problems national history, the revolution and the role of the intelligentsia, the main world religions in it.
At the same time, the novel was negatively received by the pro-government literary environment in the USSR. It was banned; it was not printed in the Soviet Union due to the author's controversial attitude towards the October Revolution and subsequent events in Soviet history.
Publication history of the novel
The possibility of analyzing "Doctor Zhivago" for the domestic reader appeared only after the collapse of Soviet Union. Then the novel was printed in full and without cuts. In the USSR, it was published only partially.
In 1954, the Znamya literary magazine published a series of poems under the general title Poems from the prose novel Doctor Zhivago. In the preface, Pasternak noted that these poems were found among the documents left after the death of the character in the novel, doctor Yuri Andreevich Zhivago. ten texts were printed in the magazine - these are "Separation", "Wind", "Spring Thaw", "March", "Date", "Summer in the City", "Wedding", "Hop", "Explanation" and "White Night" .
In December 1955, Pasternak, in a letter to Varlam Shalamov, said that the novel was over, but he doubted its lifetime publication. To finish this text meant for him to fulfill the duty bequeathed by God.
At the same time, the writer made attempts to publish his work in his homeland. Already in the spring of next year, he proposed the text to two leading Soviet literary magazines - Znamya and Novy Mir. As well as the popular almanac "Literary Moscow". At the same time, not hoping for an early publication of his work, he handed over Doctor Zhivago to the West.
In autumn, Pasternak's worst fears were confirmed. The answer came from the journals that their creators consider publication impossible, since they stand in positions directly opposite to the author's.
The first analysis of Doctor Zhivago became possible after the release of the novel in Italy at the end of 1957. Notably, it was printed in Italian.
For the first time, Doctor Zhivago could be read in the original language in Holland. A circulation of only 500 copies was released in the summer of 1958. Even Western intelligence agencies paid much attention to the release of this novel. For example, Doctor Zhivago could be analyzed by Soviet tourists who received the book for free at the Brussels World's Fair, an international student forum in Austria. The CIA even noted that the book has tremendous propaganda value, as it can make Soviet people think that much is wrong in their country if one of the main literary masterpieces recent years cannot be read in the original in one's own country.
In parallel, the CIA participated in the distribution of "Doctor Zhivago" in countries that belonged to the socialist bloc.
The plot of the novel
The plot of Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago", the analysis of which is given in this article, allows you to clearly see how large-scale this work is. Pasternak's work begins with the fact that the main character appears before the readers as a small child. It all starts with a sad description of his mother's funeral.
Yura Zhivago himself is a descendant of a wealthy family who built his fortune on banking and industrial transactions. However, financial success did not guarantee happiness in his personal life. The boy's parents separated.
Yura, who is left alone, is taken in by his uncle, who permanently lives in the very south of Russia. When Zhivago becomes a teenager, he is sent to Moscow to the Gromeko family.
gifted child
Analysis of the novel "Doctor Zhivago" often begins with the description of Yuri's talent, which manifested itself in childhood. They pay attention to him as a talented poet. However, he chooses a more prosaic path for himself - to follow in his father's footsteps. Becomes a medical student. He shows his talents in this field as well. Soon he meets his first love - the daughter of his new benefactors - Tonya Gromeko.
They became husband and wife and had two children. But soon they were separated again. Forever this time. And Zhivago never saw his daughter, who was born after the main character left.
The peculiarity of the novel, which manifests itself at the very beginning, is that the reader constantly has to deal with new characters, it is not difficult to get lost in them. However, over time, they all intertwine into one ball, their life paths begin to intersect.
Larisa
One of the key characters in Doctor Zhivago, without which an analysis of the work would be incomplete, is Larisa. The reader meets a young girl who is patronized by the elderly lawyer Komarovsky. Larisa herself seeks to escape from this captivity.
She has a childhood friend. Faithful, in love with her, Pasha Antipov. In the future, he will become her husband, it is in him that Lara will find her true salvation. But immediately after the wedding, they cannot find happiness in their personal lives. As a result, Pavel leaves his family and goes to the front as a volunteer. Takes part in the First World War. There, an amazing metamorphosis takes place with him. From a gentle person, he turns into a formidable revolutionary commissar. Changes his last name. His new pseudonym is Strelnikov. After the end of the Civil War, he seeks to reunite with his family, but this never comes true.
Meanwhile, fate brings Yuri and Larisa together. Their relationship is key to the analysis of Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago. On the fronts of the First World War, they meet in a small village with the unsightly name Melyuzeevo. Zhivago works there as a military medic, and Larisa as a nurse who dreams of finding her missing husband.
The next time their paths cross in the fictional Ural town of Yuriatin. Its prototype is Perm. There they flee from the hardships of the revolution. The characters fall in love with each other. The outbreak of the Civil War leaves its mark on the lives of the heroes. Hunger, repression and poverty separate not only Lara's family, but also Yuri. Zhivago's wife remains in Moscow and writes to her husband in the Urals about a possible forced expulsion from the country in the near future. Meanwhile, the power of the revolutionary soviets is raging, Zhivago and Lara take refuge for the winter in the estate of Varykino. Suddenly, Komarovsky, who received a post in the Ministry of Justice in the barely formed Far Eastern Republic, appears there to them. Komarovsky succeeds in persuading Zhivago to let Lara go with him so that she flees to the east and then flees abroad. Yuri Andreevich agrees to this, clearly realizing that he will never meet his love again.
Living alone
Left alone in Varykino, Zhivago gradually begins to lose his mind from loneliness. Strelnikov comes to him, who has been demoted, and now he has to wander all over Siberia. He honestly tells Yuri Andreevich about his role in the revolution, as well as his ideas about the ideals of Soviet power, the leader of the revolution, Lenin.
Zhivago confesses to him that in fact Lara has loved him all these years. And he was mistaken, suspecting her of insincerity.
Return to Moscow
At night, after a frank conversation, Strelnikov commits suicide. Zhivago, witnessing yet another tragedy, returns to Moscow. There he meets his last love- Marina, the daughter of the janitor Markel, who worked for the Zhivago family before the revolution. They live in a civil marriage. They have two daughters.
The novel "Doctor Zhivago", an analysis (briefly) of which is presented in this article, leads the reader to the fact that at the end of his life the main character frankly descends, but cannot do anything about it. He abandons literature, is no longer engaged in science. There is nothing he can do about his fall.
One morning, on the way to work, he becomes ill on the tram. Zhivago suffers a heart attack in the very center of Moscow. His half-brother Evgraf comes to say goodbye to his body, who helps him more than once in the course of the novel, and Lara, who happened to be nearby.
End of the novel
Battle on Kursk Bulge takes place at the end of Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago. The analysis of the work is based on the perception of the events of the work by the characters.
The washerwoman Tanya appears before the readers, who tells her story to Zhivago's childhood friends, Mikhail Gordon and Innokenty Dudorov. They survived the Gulag, Stalin's repressions and arrests.
It turns out that she illegitimate daughter Lara and Yuri Zhivago. She is taken under his guardianship by the brother of the protagonist Evgraf, who during the years of the Great Patriotic War became a major general.
An important role in the text is played by Zhivago's poems, which conclude the novel.
Poems by Zhivago
An analysis of Doctor Zhivago's poems helps to better understand the very essence of this novel. Central to this cycle is the text "Winter Night".
The researchers propose to consider it in the context of the struggle for survival. At the same time, the February blizzard is associated with death, and the candle flame with the future life. At this time, Doctor Zhivago is already experienced and mature enough to accept the reality surrounding him. At the same time, he continues to believe in the beautiful, hope for the best glimmers in his soul.
Analysis of the novel
Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago", an analysis of which is necessary for any admirer of the work of this writer, is a large-scale generalization of the life of the Russian intelligentsia during the revolution and the Civil War.
The book is imbued with deep philosophy, touches on the themes of life and death, the course world history, secrets that lie in the human soul.
With its help, the author manages to show the reality of the inner world of his characters, to open the door to an important understanding of the emotional essence of a person. The writer manages to solve such a complex problem by building a multifaceted system of images. This idea is fully reflected in the life path and character of the protagonist.
Nobel Prize in Literature
The novel "Doctor Zhivago" (a brief analysis familiar to any person who is fond of literature) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958. With the wording "for the continuation of the traditions of the great Russian epic novel."
The Soviet authorities took this fact with hostility, as they considered the novel anti-Soviet. A real persecution unfolded against Pasternak in the USSR. He was forced to refuse the award. Only in 1989 did his son Eugene receive a diploma and a medal from the Swedish Academy.
novel idea
Perhaps the main distinguishing feature of the novel is its poetry. All the pages of the work are permeated with it, even those on which the text is presented in prose.
The key to perception human soul just is the lyrics. Through it, it is possible to understand what a person lives for and what a person feels.
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