Very short content (in a nutshell)
In a small town, on one of the streets, there lived a holy fool, whom everyone called Yushka. He suffered from consumption, but still worked in the forge, received a small salary. Both children and adults offended him, often beat him. Once a year he went away for a whole month in an unknown direction. Once he was beaten by a passer-by, after which Yushka died. After some time, a girl arrived and said that she was an orphan, but thanks to Yushka, she was attached to a boarding school and was able to unlearn to become a doctor. Once a year, he took to her all the money that he earned in the forge. In gratitude to him, she stayed in this town to heal people.
Summary (detailed)
A long time ago, in the old days, in one city, on the same street, there lived an aged-looking man who was only forty years old. He looked old because of the consumption that had plagued him for years. This man's name was Efim Dmitrievich, but everyone called him Yushka. He worked all his life in the forge, although he was weak and short-sighted. He had been working there for so long that some of the inhabitants of this street set their watches against him.
Outwardly, he was small and thin, his eyes were always moist, and his face was wrinkled. His clothes were old, shabby, poor. For years he walked in the same one, and took everything he earned somewhere. No one knew to whom and why he was leaving all these years. It was rumored that Yushka had a daughter, as miserable as he was. In the forge, his duties included carrying water, coal and sand, fanning the forge with fur, and helping the main forge in the affairs of the anvil.
He lived in the owner's apartment and ate in his kitchen. Passers-by and children often offended him, they could throw a stone after him or just make him angry, but he never lost his temper and did not take offense at anyone. He perceived their behavior as a kind of love for himself. Over the years, consumption intensified, and Yushka weakened. He also endured ridicule in his address and did not try to fight back. One summer, he again got ready to go to his mysterious village.
By evening, he was returning from the forge as usual, when he met another overly cheerful passer-by who was joking with him. For the first time in his life, Yushka could not stand the bullying in his address and snapped. He, without thinking twice, took and pushed the poor fellow in the chest, so much so that the patient fell on the road and died. A carpenter passing by found him. Soon Yushka was buried. There were a lot of people at the funeral, almost all the neighbors from the street and even those who offended the poor fellow.
Now they had no one to take out their anger on, and they began to quarrel among themselves. After some time, a stranger came to town, pale and frail just like Yushka. Everyone thought it was his daughter. And indeed, she was interested in the residents if they knew where Efim Dmitrievich lives. In fact, she was not Yushka's daughter. She was an ordinary orphan whom, out of pity, he always helped in any way he could. Yushka took care of her and paid for her studies at the boarding school.
Now it became clear to everyone where he took all his hard-earned money every summer. The girl studied to be a doctor in order to cure her benefactor from consumption. Since he did not make himself felt for a long time, she decided to come to the city herself. The blacksmith told her that Yushka had died and taken her to the cemetery. She remained to work in this city, helping all those in need free of charge. Meanwhile, the inhabitants of the city called her "Yushka's daughter", no longer remembering who this kind fellow was.
The story "Yushka" Platonov wrote in the 30s of the twentieth century. In literature, the author's works are usually considered within the framework of Russian cosmism - a philosophical trend, the central ideas of which were the theses about the integral nature of the universe, the cosmic destiny of man, the harmony of existence.
In the story "Yushka" Platonov touches on the themes of universal love and compassion. Main character works, holy fool Yushka, becomes the embodiment of human kindness and mercy.
main characters
Yushka (Efim Dmitrievich)- “forty years old”, “illness has long tormented him and made him old before his time”; for twenty-five years he worked as an assistant to a blacksmith; he was bullied by both children and adults.
Yushka's daughter- an orphan girl whom Yushka helped to learn; became a doctor.
Blacksmith- Yushka worked for him as an assistant.
"For a long time, in ancient times, an old-looking man lived on our street." He worked in the forge as an assistant, as he could not see well and "he had little strength in his hands." The man helped carry sand, coal, water to the forge, fanned the forge and did other auxiliary work.
The man's name was Yefim, but all the people called him Yushka. “He was short and thin; on his wrinkled face” “sparse gray hair grew singly; his eyes were as white as a blind man's.
For work, the blacksmith fed him, and also gave him a salary - seven rubles sixty kopecks a month. However, Yushka almost did not spend money - he did not drink tea with sugar, but “he wore the same clothes for many years.”
When Yushka went to work early in the morning, everyone understood that it was time to get up. And when he returned in the evening - that it was time to have dinner and go to bed.
Everyone in the city offended Yushka. As the man walked down the street, the children threw stones and branches at him. Yushka did not swear, did not take offense at them, and did not even cover his face. The children "rejoiced that you can do whatever you want with him." Yushka did not understand why they were torturing him. “He believed that children love him”, “only they do not know how to love, and therefore they torment him”.
Parents, scolding the children, said: “Here you will be the same as Yushka!” .
Sometimes even drunken adults began to scold and beat Yushka hard. He endured everything in silence and "then lay for a long time in the dust on the road." Then the blacksmith's daughter came for him and, raising him, asked Yushka why he lives - it would be better if he had already died. But the man was surprised every time: “why should he die when he was born to live.” Yushka was sure that although the people beat him, they loved him: "the heart in people is sometimes blind."
From childhood, Yushka “suffered from breastfeeding”, because of consumption, he looked much older than his years. Every summer, in July or August, he went to the countryside. Why - no one knew, they only guessed that his daughter lived somewhere there.
Leaving the city, Yushka "breathed the fragrance of herbs and forests", here he did not feel the consumption that tormented him. Having gone far, he “bent down to the ground and kissed the flowers”, “picked up butterflies and beetles that had fallen dead from the path”, “feeling orphaned without them”.
A month later, he returned and again " worked from morning to evening in the forge" and again people "tormented" him. And again he waited for the summer, took with him the accumulated "hundred rubles" and left.
However, the illness tormented Yushka more and more, so he stayed in the city one summer. Once, when a man was walking down the street, a “jolly passer-by” began to hurt him, asking when Yushka would die. Always meekly silent, Yushka suddenly became angry and said that since he was "born according to the law", then without him, as well as without a passerby, "the whole world is impossible."
The passer-by was immediately indignant that Yushka dared to equalize him with himself, and hit the man hard in the chest. Yushka fell, "turned face down and did not move or rise again." Dead Yushka was found by a carpenter: “Farewell, Yushka, and forgive us all. People rejected you, and who is your judge! .. ”All the people who tormented him during his lifetime came to Yushka’s funeral.
"Yushka was buried and forgotten." But people began to live worse without him - now all the anger and mockery that they took out on Yushka “remained among people and wasted among them”.
In late autumn, a girl came to the blacksmith and asked where to find Yefim Dmitrievich. She said that she was an orphan, and Yushka placed her little “in a family in Moscow, then sent her to a boarding school.” Every year he came to visit her, bringing money so that she could live and study. Now she had already graduated from the university, trained as a doctor, and came herself, since this summer Efim Dmitrievich did not come to visit her.
The girl stayed in the city and began working in a hospital for consumptives, helping sick people for free. “And everyone knows her, calling the daughter of the good Yushka, having long forgotten Yushka himself and the fact that she was not his daughter.”
Conclusion
In Platonov's story "Yushka", the holy fool Efim is depicted as a kind and warm-hearted person. Despite the fact that everyone in the city offends him, taking out all his anger on him, the man endures all the bullying. Yushka understands that without him the world would be worse, that he has his own special purpose in life. After the death of the holy fool, his kindness is embodied in his adopted daughter. Taking care of the little orphan, Yushka teaches her to love the world and people just as he loves. And the girl adopts his science, then helping the whole city.
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Retelling rating
Average rating: 4.3. Total ratings received: 1938.
“A long time ago, in ancient times, an old-looking man lived on our street. He worked in a smithy on the main Moscow road ... as an assistant to the chief blacksmith ... "
Poor-sighted and weak, he carried water, coal, inflated furs - in a word, where they would send him.
They called him Yefim, but people called him Yushka.
He lived in an apartment with a blacksmith, fed him with bread, cabbage soup and porridge. They also paid him a salary so that he could buy sugar, tea and clothes for himself. But Yushka drank water, and wore the same clothes for many years without a change, black and smoked from work. Barefoot in the summer, in the same pair of boots in the winter.
He went to work early - the old people woke up the young people on it, and returned late - Yushka was coming from work, which means it was time for everyone to sleep.
The children teased Yushka, threw sticks and clods of earth at him and were angry that he did not chase after them and did not scold them.
Strangely, he answered them:
Why are you, my relatives, why are you, little ones! .. You must love me! .. Why do you all need me? .. Wait, don’t touch me, you hit me in the eyes with earth, I don’t see.
Parents told naughty children: "Grow up - you will be like Yushka."
Adult people also offended Yushka, and when drunk, they even beat him.
The blacksmith's daughter picked him up from the road and said:
It would be better if you died Yushka.
But Yushka did not want to die - since he was born to live. And he also believed that his people love, only without a clue love.
In July or August, Yushka would put a bag of bread on his shoulders and leave the city. He admired the sky, the grass, kissed the flowers and stroked the trees. In nature, his illness - consumption - receded.
“But from year to year, Yushka grew weaker and weaker, therefore the time of his life went and passed, and chest disease tormented his body and exhausted him. In one summer, when Yushka was already approaching the time to go to his distant village, he did not go anywhere. He wandered, as usual, in the evening, already dark from the forge to the owner for the night. A cheerful passer-by who knew Yushka laughed at him:
Why are you trampling our land, God's scarecrow! Even if you died, or something, it would be more fun without you, otherwise I'm afraid to get bored ...
And what am I to you, how am I bothering you! .. I was put to live by my parents, I was born according to the law, the whole world needs me, just like you, without me, too, so it’s impossible!
This passer-by got angry at Yushka, pushed him in the chest. He fell on the road - and did not get up again.
He died, - the carpenter sighed. - Farewell, Yushka, and forgive us all. People rejected you, and who is your judge! ..
All the people, old and young, came to the body of the deceased to say goodbye to him, all the people who knew Yushka, and made fun of him, and tormented him during his lifetime.
Then Yushka was buried and forgotten. However, without Yushka, life became worse for people. Now all the anger and mockery remained among the people and wasted among them, because there was no Yushka, who unrequitedly endured every other evil, bitterness, ridicule and ill will.
And after a while a young girl came to this area and said that Yushka (she called him Efim Dmitrievich) placed an orphan completely alien to him in a boarding school and once a year came to her in Moscow to visit her and brought the money earned for the year.
At the cemetery, “the girl crouched on the ground in which the dead Yushka lay, the man who fed her from childhood, who never ate sugar so that she would eat it.
She knew what Yushka was ill with, and now she herself graduated as a doctor and came here to treat the one who loved her more than anything in the world and whom she herself loved with all the warmth and light of her heart ...
A lot of time has passed since then. The girl-doctor remained forever in our city. She began to work in a hospital for consumptives, she went from house to house where there were tuberculosis patients, and did not take payment from anyone for her work.
Now she herself has also grown old, but as before, all day long she heals and comforts sick people, not getting tired of satisfying suffering and putting death away from the weakened. And everyone in the city knows her, calling her the daughter of the good Yushka, having long forgotten Yushka himself and the fact that she was not his daughter.
A.P. Platonov
Name: Yushka
Genre: Story
Duration: 9min 14sec
Annotation:
In the smithy, an old-looking man named Efim worked as an assistant to the blacksmith. But everyone called him Yushka. He lived in a blacksmith's apartment. He was very poor, always wore the same clothes and never drank tea with sugar.
Both children and adults often laughed at Yushka. Some offended him and even beat him. But Yushka never got angry. He believed that people love him and thus express their love.
Yushka was ill with consumption. Once a year he went on vacation for a month. At this time, he truly enjoyed life, improved his health. He breathed clean air, kissed flowers, stroked trees. And at this time his illness receded.
However, Yushka grew weaker every year. One day, when it was not long before his next vacation, one evil person pushed Yushka, and Yushka did not get up again. The people buried Yushka, and soon they realized that they really needed Yushka. After all, it was he who helped them throw out their anger.
Once a young girl came to the smithy and asked Yefim Dmitrievich. She didn't know he was dead. She said that she was an orphan. But Yefim Dmitrievich sent her to a boarding school. Once a year he came to her, brought money for the whole year so that she could study.
The girl grew up and became a doctor. She dreamed of curing Yefim, but did not have time. But she remained in this city and began to work as a doctor, selflessly helping many patients.
A.P. Platonov - Yushka. Listen summary in audio online.
A defenseless, sick person suffers bullying from others all his life. After his death, people learn that he selflessly helped an orphan girl.
Efim, who is popularly called Yushka, works as a blacksmith's assistant. This weak, old-looking man was only forty years old. He looks like an old man because of consumption, which he has been ill for a long time. Yushka has been working at the forge for so long that locals they compare watches by him: adults, seeing how he goes to work, wake up the young, and when he returns home, they say that it's time to have dinner and sleep.
Very often, children and adults offend Yushka, beat, throw stones, sand and earth at him, but he endures everything, does not take offense and is not angry with them. Sometimes children try to make Yushka angry, but nothing comes of it, and sometimes they don't even believe that Yushka is alive. Yushka himself believes that those around him show “blind love” for him in this way.
Yushka does not spend the money she earns, she only drinks empty water. Every summer he goes somewhere, but no one knows exactly where, and Yushka does not admit, he names different places. People think that he goes to his daughter, who is just like him, simple and useless.
Every year Yushka becomes weaker from consumption. One summer, instead of leaving, Yushka stays at home. That evening, as usual, he returns from the forge and meets a passerby who begins to make fun of him. For the first time, Yushka does not tolerate ridicule in silence, but answers the passerby that if he was born, then the white world needs him. These words are not to the taste of the passer-by. He pushes Yushka in the sore chest, he falls and dies.
A passing master finds Yushka and realizes that he is dead. All the neighbors from his street come to Yushkin's funeral, even those who offended him. Now they had no one to take their anger out on, and people began to swear more often.
One day, an unfamiliar girl appears in the city, frail and pale, and begins to look for Yefim Dmitrievich. The blacksmith does not immediately remember that that was the name of Yushka.
At first, everyone considers the girl Yushka's daughter, but she turns out to be an orphan. Yushka took care of her, placed her first in a Moscow family, then in a boarding school with training. Every summer he went to the girl and gave all the money he earned to her. Knowing about Yushka's illness, the girl trained as a doctor and wanted to cure him. She did not know that Yushka had died - he simply did not come to her, and the girl went to look for him. The blacksmith takes her to the cemetery.
The girl remains to work in that city, selflessly helps people, and everyone calls her "Yushka's daughter", no longer remembering who Yushka is, and that she is not his daughter.
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