The wars of conquest of the consulate and the empire Napoleon table. Lesson summary on the topic "Consulate and the formation of the Napoleonic Empire"

The end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century - the most important period in the history of France. The ruling factions replaced each other with swift force and speed. From the Jacobin dictatorship, France passes to the board of the executive body - the Directory, as a result of the coup of 18 Brumaire, power falls into the hands of 3 consuls, one of whom was Napoleon Bonaparte. Where the political, economic and foreign policy vectors of France's development will be directed in the future, you will learn by studying this lesson.

Consulate and the formation of the Napoleonic Empire

background

From 1789, revolutionary changes took place in France. In 1794, after the overthrow of the Jacobin dictatorship, a shaky Directory regime was established.

His features:
.financial crisis, inflation, skyrocketing prices;
.lack of compromise between various political forces in France, fierce political struggle and conspiracies;
The French were largely tired of the internal instability that followed the revolution and desired strong power;
.France achieved the main successes during this period in the military field: the growing popularity of the military against the backdrop of an inability to cope with the internal problems of the Directory.

Political circles were increasingly thinking about eliminating the unpopular Directory and establishing a tougher political regime that, with the support of the army, could bring order to the country.

Events

November 1799 - Coup of 18 Brumaire (about the coup). The popular General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the government, disperses the Legislative Assembly; a government of three consuls is established - Bonaparte and former members of the Directory who prepared the coup: Abbé Sieyes and Roger Ducos.

December 1799 - adoption of the constitution, according to which Napoleon became the first consul with full power, pushing the allies into the background (Constitution of 1799).

1800 - creation of the Bank of France (still exists), stabilization of the financial situation in the country.

1801 - Concordat (agreement) between France and the Catholic Church, normalization of relations damaged by the revolution.

1802 - Napoleon declared himself consul for life.

1804 - the adoption of the Civil Code, which influenced the system of civil law throughout the world ().

Conclusion

In May 1804, Napoleon was crowned Emperor Napoleon I in the presence of the Pope. This ended the 12-year history of the First French Republic. A new era began in the history of France - the First Empire.

Parallels

The French themselves of the era of the Revolution and Napoleon liked to compare themselves with the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. The overthrow of the Bourbons was likened to the expulsion of the royal Tarquinian dynasty in ancient Rome. The struggle of political groups, accompanied by terror, resembled a period. Bonaparte was compared with Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus: the Bonapartist regime stopped internal strife, reconciled various social and political strata, increased the economic stability and military power of France.

In this lesson, we will talk about the consulate and the creation of the Napoleonic empire in France. Last year, in the 7th grade general history course, the issue of the French Revolution of 1789 was considered. Recall that the King of France, Louis XVI, was executed in 1793, and in the summer of that year, Jacobin dictatorship(the political regime in revolutionary France that existed from June 1793 to July 1794). After the collapse of the Jacobin dictatorship, a new body came to power in France, which was called Directory(executive authority of the French Republic under the Constitution of the French Republic, adopted by the National Convention in 1795). The era of the Directory in France, which falls on 1795-1799, was not a very successful time. It was a time when an economic crisis was raging in France. By 1799, the Directory in France had become unpopular. What was needed was a person or an authority that would enjoy popular support. People wanted to see a strong ruler.

A young general became such a ruler (Fig. 1). Beginning in 1796, he waged active wars in Italy. He also effectively forced Switzerland to join France. At the same time, the French conquest of the Netherlands. Numerous victories of Napoleon, his warlike image caused delight among a considerable part of French society. Napoleon's finest hour was to be his Egyptian campaign(Fig. 2). If this campaign had been successful, then the British, France's main opponents, would have had serious problems, because France's capture of Egypt opened the way for the French army to India, and India was the most important source of raw materials and resources. But Napoleon's Egyptian campaign ended in failure. In August 1798 in the battle of Aboukir the British practically destroyed the French fleet (Fig. 3). Attempts to gain a foothold in the eastern Mediterranean were unsuccessful. However, Napoleon managed to rehabilitate himself. In 1798 and 1799 he undertook two campaigns, in Italy and Switzerland. The opponent of Napoleon and his subordinates in these campaigns was Russia, he was a general of the Russian army at that time (Fig. 4). Despite the merits of Suvorov, this campaign for Russia was unsuccessful. Napoleon introduced himself to the French as the winner of the Russians and Suvorov himself, whose merits were known and honored throughout Europe after the Russian-Turkish war. Thus, by 1799 Napoleon's authority in France was enormous.

Rice. 1. Napoleon Bonaparte ()

Rice. 2. Napoleon's Egyptian campaign ()

Rice. 3. Aboukir naval battle ()

Rice. 4. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov ()

Members of the Directory decided to use this authority for their own purposes. They underestimated Napoleon and decided to use him as a puppet in their hands. In October 1799, Napoleon returned to Paris in triumph. Public opinion connected the victories of recent years with him. But just a few days after his return, Napoleon carried out a coup d'état. He went down in history as the coup of 18 Brumaire.(Fig. 5). The coup has happened November 9, 1799. The disclosure of the Jacobin conspiracy was announced. The Council of Five Hundred was expelled from the meeting room at the Palais Saint-Cloud. It was announced that all power in the country passes into the hands of three persons, who began to be called in the Roman manner consuls. These consuls are:

Sieyes, who actually brought Napoleon to power,

Roger Ducos.

This era, which began in 1799 with the coup of 18 Brumaire and ended in 1804, is called consular era.

Rice. 5. Coup 18 Brumaire ()

The main task that had to be solved in France in the era of the consulate was the task of social unification of the country. In France, there were many supporters of various ideas, currents, theories and doctrines. There were monarchists, republicans, supporters of strong military power.

The new Constitution, adopted by the consuls in 1799, proclaimed inviolable the right to property. As a result, those who previously feared for their lives and their wealth were drawn into the country. All emigrants who had previously fled the country were allowed to re-settle in France. An exception was made only for monarchists. Napoleon did not need such rivals.

Napoleon did a lot to normalize the financial situation in the country. This was primarily of interest to entrepreneurs. But ordinary citizens were also interested in the fact that the monetary unit of France was stable. In 1800, Napoleon created Bank of France which exists to this day. V 1803 was put into circulation silver franc(Fig. 6) - convertible (freely exchangeable for other monetary units) currency.

Rice. 6. Silver franc ()

Napoleon managed to solve the problem in his relationship with the Pope. France was and remained a Catholic country with a predominantly Catholic population. Relations with Italy and the pope were unstable. Rome negatively perceived the French Republic and the expulsion of nobles from the country. In 1801, Napoleon and the Pope signed concordat(an agreement between the Pope as the head of the Catholic Church and any state). In 1804, the Pope even came to Paris to conduct the coronation ceremony of Napoleon. However, the services of the pope were not required, Napoleon laid the crown on himself, but the very presence of the pope at this ceremony was very important for Napoleon. Napoleon, however, believed that he had the right to dispose of church property. The Pope had a completely opposite opinion on this matter.

In 1802, Napoleon received the expected respite. Constant revolutionary wars exhausted the country. A break was needed in order to gather strength and prepare for new military campaigns. Between France and England in 1802 was concluded Peace of Amiens. This was done in order to strengthen the French position in Italy. Immediately after the signing of the peace treaty, such Italian territories as Piedmont and the island of Elba were annexed to France.

In 1802, the British did not take Napoleon very seriously. They believed that the general would not be able to cope with the economic situation in the country. But they miscalculated. Already in May 1803, Napoleon created a large military camp on the English Channel coast, known as (Fig. 7). In this camp, troops are gathering for the coming invasion of Great Britain.

Rice. 7. Boulogne camp ()

The problem remained the crossing of these numerous troops across the English Channel (the strait separating England and France, Fig. 8). After the defeat of the French fleet at the battle of Aboukir, England controlled all movements on the seas, especially off its coasts. France did not have a serious fleet at that time. He could not compete with England in numbers and maneuverability. English cartoonists, ridiculing Napoleon's army, depicted the crossing of French troops across the English Channel in landing basins.

Rice. 8. The English Channel separating England and France ()

In March 1804 Napoleon introduced in France Civil Code(Fig. 9). This document was prepared by a special commission chaired by Napoleon himself. It enshrines such important provisions as freedom of private property, freedom of enterprise and family law. According to the Civil Code, a new type of family relations was fixed. A woman until the beginning of the 19th century in Europe was not considered as a subject of law. It was believed that she should be completely subordinate to her husband or father. The Napoleonic Civil Code gave women in Europe the right to divorce for the first time. However, this right for women did not last very long. In 1816 it was taken away and restored only in 1884. The Civil Code failed to equalize the rights of women with men. Women did not have the right to vote.

Rice. 9. Napoleonic Civil Code ()

Napoleon himself understood the significance of his Civil Code. He wrote that his military victories might mean nothing, Waterloo alone crossed them all out, and what will live for centuries is the Civil Code. Following the model of the Civil Code, a Commercial Code appeared in France a few years later, and a little later, the Criminal Code.

In 1802, Napoleon secured an extension of his powers as consul. He received lifetime powers, but even this was not enough for the general. On May 18, 1804, he was declared by the French emperor under the name NapoleonI. In December, the ceremony of his coronation took place in Paris (Fig. 10). As noted above, Napoleon himself placed the crown on his head. Thus, France, which for 12 years was a republic, returned to the monarchy again.. The period of the first republic in France ended. The period of the first empire began.

Rice. 10. Napoleon's coronation ()

Bibliography

Jomini. Political and military life of Napoleon. A book covering Napoleon's military campaigns up to 1812
Manfred A.Z. Napoleon Bonaparte. - M.: Thought, 1989.
Noskov V.V., Andreevskaya T.P. General history. 8th grade. - M., 2013.
Tarle E.V. "Napoleon". - 1994.
Chandler D. Napoleon's military campaigns. - M., 1997.
Yudovskaya A.Ya. General history. History of the New Age, 1800-1900, Grade 8. - M., 2012.

Veter-stranstvii.ru ().
Jurkom74.ru ().
Treeland.ru ().
be5.biz().

Homework

Describe the first military campaigns of Napoleon. Which of them were successful and which were not?
When did the coup of 18 Brumaire take place and what regime was established as a result?
What was the reason for the negative relationship between Napoleon and the Catholic Church (the Pope)?
When was the Civil Code created? In what did Napoleon see its significance for French society?

On November 19, 1799, the Council of Five Hundred was dispersed, and General Bonaparte became the absolute ruler of France for 15 years. Napoleon Bonaparte established a rigid authoritarian regime, his power was enormous. Let us see what was directed by his power. What did Napoleon Bonaparte do for France and for each Frenchman individually? What did he do for Europe?

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"The Consulate and the Formation of the Napoleonic Empire"

Municipal educational institution

"Agapovskaya secondary school No. 1 im. P.A. Skachkov"

Methodological development of a history lesson in grade 8

on this topic:"The Consulate and the Formation of the Napoleonic Empire"

Completed by: S.T. Kultasova,

teacher of history and social studies

v. Agapovka

2018

Topic: Consulate and formation of the Napoleonic Empire

The purpose of the lesson: Describe the development of France from 1799 to 1810.

Lesson objectives:

Learn the features of the transition from republic to empire in France;

Show the bourgeois character of the Napoleonic reforms. Their significance for the further modernization of France;

Show the aggressive nature of Napoleon's warrior, the territorial changes that have taken place in Europe. Continue to form a respectful attitude towards world culture.

Lesson type: combined

IOrg. moment:

Greetings.

Check readiness for the lesson.

Motivation.

IIHomework survey:

Guys, in today's lesson we will begin to study one of the most important and most difficult periods in world history - the 19th century. This time brought a huge number of changes in European life. We will find out how the leading European states developed, namely France, Great Britain, Germany and Italy. This is very difficult material and you will need to make every effort to comprehend it. The changes that took place in these countries subsequently led Europe to World War I. And the causes of this terrible conflict lie directly in this period.

On you was asked § 9-10 Liberals, conservatives and socialists. I'm giving you 5 minutes to review the d/s and prepare for the survey. Active children at the end of the lesson will receive good grades.

Front poll:

What is liberalism? Ideology of freedom

What are the main principles of liberalism? right to life, liberty, equality, property

What methods did the liberals propose to transform the state. device? reforms

From what word does the name of the conservative ideology come from? protect, preserve

The main principles of conservatism. Preservation of traditional values: religion, monarchy, culture, order.

What utopian socialist thinkers can you name? Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen

What is socialism?

What is Marxism? Name its founders. Marx, Engels

What methods did the socialists call for overthrowing the old order? Revolution

What is anarchism?

representatives of anarchism. Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin

IIINew topic:

Teacher's story: Guys, last year you started studying WFR. Let me remind you that as a result of it, the monarchy was overthrown, the French emperor Louis 16 was executed, and power passed into the hands of the people's representative body. At first it was the National Assembly, then the name changed to the Legislative Assembly, and then to the Directory.

To find out what the Consulate is and what measures the French authorities took at that time, we will do a little work on the options. 1 option is now reading paragraph "Calm the order of legality", second option "Freedom equal property". You have 5 minutes to complete the task, after which I will ask you a few questions, the answers to which will give you marks.

Questions for group 1 Questions for group 2

What was adopted in 1799? (KC) What laws have been passed?

supreme legislative body (Senate) What is the essence of monetary reform?

executive branch (3 consuls) Why were newspapers closed?

What are the powers of consuls?

Who was the chief consul (NB)

Consulate - the period in the history of France, when the power belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte. Continued from 1799 to 1804.

During the first period of the consulate, the following measures were taken:

Confirmation of the right of property acquired during the years of the revolution;

Encouragement of entrepreneurship. The big bourgeoisie were given state orders.

Monetary reform (creation of a French bank and a new monetary unit - the franc).

Strengthening the police, headed by Fouche, who created a powerful police detective machine.

The Catholic Church was declared the religion of all the French.

1804 created the "Civil Code" - a code of laws, which proclaimed the fundamental rights and freedoms of man.

Teacher's story: The strengthening of France caused discontent among the European monarchs, they created more and more new coalitions, aiming to return France to the borders of 1792 and restore the Bourbon monarchy in it. Napoleon "inherited" the wars waged by France. Guys, remember - the wars that Napoleon had to wage are not only an expression of his personal ambitions and claims to world domination, but the defense of the cause of the French Revolution.

England was the main enemy of revolutionary France, and it was possible to force her to peace not so much by military means as by economic ones. To do this, Napoleon imposed a ban on trade with England. This decree on the continental blockade was supposed not only to expel English goods from France, but also to stifle the British economy in general, depriving it of European markets. To achieve a result, Napoleon had to ensure that all European states joined the continental blockade, otherwise the plan was doomed to failure. Why do you think Napoleon took such measures?

Exercise. Guys, now you yourself read the paragraph Conquest wars of consulate and empire pp. 96-98 and complete the table.

Major battles of the Napoleonic Wars

Name of the battle or campaign	Battle date	Outcome
Battle of Marengo		French victory. Austria withdrew from the war. Piedmont and Genoa were annexed to France
Battle of Ulm	October 1805	French victory. Austrian fortress Ulm captured
Naval Battle of Cape Trafalgar		British victory. England secured the status of the mistress of the seas
Battle of the village of Austerlitz		Napoleon defeated the Russian-Austrian troops. Austria capitulated
Battle of Friedland		French victory. Russia made peace with France. Accession of the country to the continental blockade of England
France invaded Portugal
France invaded Spain		Establishment of a puppet government. Accession of the country to the continental blockade of England

IVFixing the material.

Questions for consolidation:

What is a consulate?

What measures of Napoleon did you learn?

What battles did we learn about?

VHomework:§ 11 reading, retelling. notes in a notebook to learn .

VISummary of the lesson.

Napoleon Bonaparte after the coup d'état hastened to legalize his power. He dictated a new constitution, according to which all power was concentrated in the hands of the first consul. The four legislative bodies - the Senate, the Council of State, the Tribunate and the Legislative Corps - had a purely decorative value. Napoleon ended the parliamentary regime and suffrage, even in the curtailed form in which it existed under the Directory. Instead of the right to choose deputies, French citizens received only the right to nominate candidates, from among whom the government itself appointed members of the legislature.
The system of elected local and regional (departmental) self-government created by the revolution was also destroyed. It was replaced by the police-bureaucratic system of prefectures: the Minister of the Interior appointed the prefect of the department, the prefect appointed mayors and members of the municipal councils of cities and communes. All of France was now engulfed from top to bottom in a strictly centralized administrative apparatus, the threads of control of which were ultimately concentrated in the hands of Napoleon. The powerful and ramified department of the police entangled in a dense network the entire public and private life of the French: nothing escaped his observation.
With particular ruthlessness, the police, like all government authorities, subjected democratic circles to persecution and repression. Napoleon sought to completely eradicate Jacobinism and its very spirit. The renegade Fouche, in his capacity as Minister of Police, assisted him with particular zeal in this.
One of Napoleon's first measures, carried out at the beginning of 1800, was the closure of independent newspapers; he retained only those press organs that were wholly subordinate to the government. The strictest censorship was established. Everything that reminded of the revolution and its leaders was excluded from literature, theater, and teaching.
Napoleon liquidated the progressive legislation of the revolution in matters of religion and the church. In 1801 a concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius VII was concluded and in 1802 put into effect. By virtue of the concordat, Catholicism was recognized as "the religion of the vast majority of French citizens"; the state paid salaries to the clergy; the pope of Rome renounced claims to church lands confiscated during the revolution and recognized the control of the French state over the activities of priests and bishops. By this agreement with the Pope, Napoleon sought to place the Catholic Church at the service of the new, bourgeois order.
The Napoleonic regime defended and guarded the redistribution of property that took place during the years of the revolution, when the lands of the church and the emigrant nobles passed into the hands of the bourgeoisie and the peasantry. At the same time, Napoleon opened the doors of France to those emigrants who refused to support the Bourbon monarchy and were ready to serve him. Some of them were returned unsold estates. However, the police established surveillance for all former emigrants.
Napoleon consistently supported and encouraged the entrepreneurial activity and initiative of industrialists, bankers, and merchants. In 1800, the French Bank was founded. Napoleon enjoyed special patronage of industry, for the development of which he did not skimp on government orders, state subsidies, and export bonuses. The government protected the domestic market from foreign, primarily British, competition. In the interests of large property owners and to the detriment of broad sections of the working people, direct taxes were reduced and indirect taxes increased two to two and a half times.
Contemporaries said of Napoleon that he was more afraid of the slightest unrest of the workers than of a lost battle. Encouraging the development of industry, organizing public works, the government tried to prevent unemployment, which could cause revolutionary outbreaks. At the same time, the workers were subjected to particularly close surveillance by the police. Having repealed many of the laws of the revolutionary years, Napoleon retained the Le Chapelier law, which deprived workers of the right to defend their interests in an organized manner and provided entrepreneurs with unlimited opportunity to exploit them. In 1803, work books were introduced, which gave employers and authorities an additional means of control and police guardianship over workers.
The policy of the Napoleonic government up to a certain time met not only the interests of the industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, but also the interests of the peasant proprietors. Marx wrote: “After the first revolution had turned the semi-serfs into free landowners, Napoleon strengthened and regulated the conditions under which the peasants could freely use the French land they had just inherited and satisfy their youthful passion for property.”

Theme "Consulate and the formation of the Napoleonic Empire."

Class: 9-B

Date: 11.10 2018

Lesson type: Lesson of "discovery" of new knowledge

Lesson construction technology : Problem based learning, heuristic method

The purpose of the lesson: Describe the development of France from 1799 to 1810.

Lesson objectives:

Learn the reasons for the transition from republic to empire in France;

Show the bourgeois character of the Napoleonic reforms. Their significance for the further modernization of France;

Show the aggressive nature of Napoleon's warrior, the territorial changes that have taken place in Europe.

To form students' ability to work with a map (foreign policy-directions)

To form students' ability to work with documents (articles of the Napoleonic Code)

Basic concepts of the topic : Consulate, Civil Code, Continental Blockade, Treaty of Tilsit.

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Open your notebooks, write down the date and the topic of our lesson.

PROBLEM QUESTION: Napoleon said, “I am either a fox or a lion. The whole secret of management is knowing when to be this or that.” Analyze the activities of Napoleon and confirm his words with facts.

Lesson plan:

From revolutionary France to bourgeois France

Biography of Napoleon

Domestic policy of Napoleon in the period of consulate and empire

Foreign policy of Napoleon in the period of consulate and empire

But first, let's check our homework. § 9-10 Liberals, conservatives and socialists were assigned to your house. I'm giving you 5 minutes to review the d/s and prepare for the survey.

Active children at the end of the lesson will receive good grades.

Three people come to the board. On the board are portraits of 3 representatives of different political movements. Task: determine the political trend to which this representative belongs and write down the main provisions of this trend. (Marx, Proudhon Saint Simon)

Front poll:

What is liberalism?Ideology of freedom)

What are the main principles of liberalism? (right to life, liberty, equality, property)

What methods did the liberals propose to transform the state. device?( reforms)

From what word does the name of the conservative ideology come from? (protect, preserve)

The main principles of conservatism. (Preservation of traditional values: religion, monarchy, culture, order._

What political current was in power in most of Europe throughout the 19th century?

What are the ways to change society, proposed by the politicians of the 19th century.

What political trend recognized revolution as the main way to change society?

Well done, now let's check those who worked at the board, and move on to a new topic.

New topic:

Teacher's story: Guys, last year you started studying the French Revolution. Let me remind you that as a result of it, the monarchy was overthrown, the French emperor Louis 16 was executed, and power passed into the hands of the people's representative body. At first it was the National Assembly, then the name changed to the Legislative Assembly, and then to the Directory. On November 19, 1799, the Council of Five Hundred was dispersed, and General Bonaparte became the absolute ruler of France for 15 years. Napoleon Bonaparte established a rigid authoritarian regime, his power was enormous. Let us see what was directed by his power. What did Napoleon Bonaparte do for France and for each Frenchman individually? What did he do for Europe?

The revolution of 1789 turned the whole country upside down. She put forward a new policy, a new system and new people.

The whole history of France of this period is divided into two periods. Write in your notebook:

France 1799-1815

1. period of consulate-1799-1804

2.period of the Napoleonic Empire-1804-1815

December 1799 - the adoption of the new Constitution of France, according to which

Senate - Supreme Legislative Chamber.

Three consuls – executive power (term 10 years):

First Consul:

The right to make laws;

The right to declare war;

The right to make peace;

The right to appoint ministers and officials.

Second and Third Consuls - advisory vote.

The regime of personal power was established in the country. At the end of his life, Napoleon will say:"Revolution is the misfortune of the generation that makes it." The French are tired of the revolution, and the regime of personal power was approved in a plebiscite (popular poll)

- So Consulate- this is the period in the history of France, when the power belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte, which lasted from November 9, 1799 to May 18, 1804.

Biography of Napoleon Bonoparte (student's message ahead of the task).

And now, guys, we will work with the textbook (pp. 94-96). Your task, after reading the points of the paragraph, is to write down the main reforms carried out by Napoleon during the consulate period.

During this period, the following measures were taken:

Confirmation of the right of property acquired during the years of the revolution;

Encouragement of entrepreneurship. The big bourgeoisie were given state orders.

Monetary reform (creation of a French bank and a new monetary unit - the franc).

Strengthening the police, headed by Fouche, who created a powerful police detective machine.

The Catholic Church was declared the religion of all the French.

1804 created the "Civil Code" - a code of laws, which proclaimed the fundamental rights and freedoms of man.

April 1802 Napoleon decreed a general amnesty for emigrants.

August 1802 Napoleon becomes consul for life.

May 18, 1804 The Senate proclaimed Napoleon "Emperor of the French"

V 1805 Napoleon was crowned in Milan at the Duomo. Napoleon was crowned as Emperor of Italy. He himself placed on himself the crown worn by Charlemagne. "God gave me this crown" Napoleon said.

For some time, France was still called a republic, but later the word "empire" squeezed it out. This is how the bourgeois monarchy arose.

In France of this period, conditions were created for a rapid economic upsurge, and an industrial revolution began in France.

And now, guys, let's draw a line with you under the internal policy of Napoleon. (The internal policy of the consulate had a stabilizing character.)

We pass with you to the second period of the Napoleonic Empire-1804-1815.

But first, think about why Napoleon was so easily able to come to one-man rule and was able to change the political structure of the country?

Based on how easily the French reacted to the change of power, we can conclude that they were happy with everything.

Now we will see how Napoleon bribed the sympathy of the population.

(Working with written sources - the Napoleonic Code, Appendix 1) independently work with the document. After reading, complete the task on the board.

There are two slogans on the board:

freedom equality Brotherhood.

freedom, equality, property.

Choose the one that fits the main ideas of the code.

PROBLEM QUESTION: Napoleon said, “I am either a fox or a lion. The whole secret of management is knowing when to be this or that.” Analyze Napoleon's activities and confirm his words with facts. (Children's answers)

Despite the brewing of internal contradictions (the new nobility, the return of emigrants, etc.), more on that later, the crisis was largely provoked by foreign policy.

Exercise. Guys, now we will all work together with the table, and trace all these events on the map.

Conquest wars of consulate and empire pp. 96-98 and complete the table.

Foreign policy of Napoleon Bonaparte:

1805

Battle of Ulm

Battle of Cape Trafalgar

Austerlitz, battle of the three emperors

Defeat of the Austrian army

Defeat of the French fleet

The defeat of the Russian-Austrian army (recognized for Fr. freedom of action in the German and Italian states)

1806

Battle of Jena

The defeat of Prussia, which

1. joined the continental blockade,

2. lost the territory from which the Duchy of Warsaw was created

3. contribution

1807

Tilsit peace treaty with Russia.

Terms of an agreement:

· Russia recognized all the conquests of Napoleon.

· Joining the continental blockade against England (secret agreement). Russia must completely abandon trade with its main partner (in particular, the terms of the peace treaty prescribed Russia completely to Great Britain) the isolation of England !!!.

· Russia and France pledged to help each other in any offensive and defensive war, where circumstances so require.

· On the territory of the Polish possessions of Prussia formed, dependent on France.

Meaning:

The Peace of Tilsit lifted Napoleon to the pinnacle of power

Napoleon encouraged Russia to make territorial acquisitions at the expense of Sweden. By rewarding Alexander at someone else's expense, Napoleon had in mind to quarrel Russia with her former ally, to ultimately achieve the foreign policy isolation of Russia and make it dependent on France.

Russia received a reprieve in the war, because. there was no real help from England, there were no allies left in Europe

1808

invasion of Spain

"War of knives" 1808-1812

TO1810 Napoleon achieved unprecedented power and glory. France returned to a monarchical form of government, but it was a bourgeois monarchy, and her life was carried out according to new laws.

Let's sum upresults of foreign policy Napoleon's activities by 1812 (write down in a notebook)

Eliminated the threat of restoration

Smashed the coalition

Only one opponent left - England

Expanded the territory of France

The spread of the new order in Europe

So let's sum up our lesson. (Children try to draw their own conclusions).

Conclusion: during the period of the consulate and the empire, France achieved significant success in domestic and foreign policy: dozens of laws were issued that put the state system in order. Bonaparte, having proclaimed himself the ruler of the "national", people, managed to eliminate many conflicts in society. As a result of military victories in these years, France became the strongest state on the continent.

Fastening: Frontally

Now let's move on to fixing:

1. Give me two periods of French history from 1799 to 1815.

2. The main problems of the domestic policy of France during the period of the consulate.

3. What was the name of the main code of laws of the Napoleonic Empire and when was this code adopted?

4. Express the essence of this law in one slogan.

5. What is the peculiarity of the foreign policy of the period of the consulate.

6. What was the nature of the foreign policy of the period of the empire.

7. The main enemy of France in the international arena.

Homework:

Differentiated task: answer one of the questions in writing in a notebook (No. 3, 5, 6).

Prepare a report on the Congress of Vienna.

Annex 1

Napoleonic Code.

The Code consolidated the principles of equality of citizens and the inviolability of private property. Approving, thus, for the "new rich" and peasants the right to the property they acquired of the nobility and the church, confiscated during the years of the revolution. In these classes he found his main support.

Content

The Civil Code consisted of an introductory title dealing with the publication, operation and application of laws, and three books. The first book (Articles 7 - 551) "On Persons" contains provisions on an individual as a subject of law and family law, considers issues of citizenship and civil status in general. In this book, the main idea of the entire code is clearly visible - the equality of all before the laws, for example, in the first article of the introductory title it says: “The laws are enforceable throughout the French territory”, in the first chapter 7 of the article it is said that “every Frenchman enjoys civil rights.The second book (Articles 516-710) "On property and various modifications of property" contains provisions on different types of property, on the right of ownership and other rights in rem. The main idea here is that private property is inviolable, and the right to property is protected by the state, for example, article 545: "no one can be forced to cede his property", article 544 "property is the right to use and dispose of things in the most convenient way" .The third book "On the various ways in which property is acquired" devoted to issues of inheritance law, law of obligations: it contains rules on pledge, suretyship, limitation period, etc. The code pays great attention to marital relations, children, the code is social in nature. It has a clear, methodical system, written in an understandable language. With the adoption of the code, in fact, the process of formation of civil law and the system of economic relations was completed. He proved to be very effective.

Every Frenchman enjoys civil rights.

544. Property is the right to use and dispose of things in the most absolute way, so that the use is not prohibited by laws or regulations.

545. No one may be compelled to give up his property unless it is done for the public good and for a fair and preliminary compensation.

TitleIX.

About paternal authority.

371. Children of all ages must show respect and respect to their father and mother.

372. Children remain under the authority of their parents until they reach the age of majority or until they are released from authority.

373. The father alone exercises this power during the existence of marriage.

376. If the child has not reached the age of 16, the father may deprive him of his liberty for a term which may not exceed one month; to this end, the President of the District Tribunal shall, at the request of the father, issue a warrant of arrest.