"How snow is formed" - Let's study the properties of snow and ice. The first snowflakes are spinning in the air, They will fall to the ground, but not stale. Snow is white. When warm, snow and ice melt. Ice is transparent. The fluff flies - It ripples in the eyes, And if you catch it - it's cold. Snowflakes are formed high in the sky, in the clouds. For what? Not a gem, but glitters.
"Inanimate nature in winter" - Not nature in winter. winter months. Snowfall. Winter phenomena in inanimate nature. Frost. Thaw. December January February. 2. January - "jelly". Changes in inanimate nature in our region. 1. December - "vetrozim". Characteristics of winter. 1. Thaw 2. Black ice 3. Snowfall 4. Snowstorm 5. Hoarfrost. 3. February - "snow".
"In the winter in the forest" - Beautiful and sad winter forest. Let from all over To you flock, as home, Flocks on the porch. Wren. Tit. Yes, I changed my coat. Lots of snow in the forest! Zhelna. The nuthatch is found in mixed flocks of tits, woodpeckers, kinglets. Jay. Indeed, in a white fur coat, a fox will not immediately notice a bunny. Feed the birds in winter!
"Wild Animals in Winter" - In winter, wolves live in packs. Characters. - Today we have not talked about another beautiful animal - a bear. - Still there are hares - hare. - Schoolchildren should be, first of all, environmentally cultured people. Target. Hunting opens at certain times and in certain places. - Here they told how the squirrel is protected from enemies.
“Snow winter” - Today is a day from the sun, a call, Frost has spread on the branches, Winter has come. Behind the window in a white field - Twilight, wind, snow... Our river, as if in a fairy tale, Frost paved during the night, On fluffy branches With a snowy border Tassels bloomed White fringe. White path, white. Looking at each other, Sleeping in the snow at home.
"The world around in winter" - Winter Games. What winter fun do you know? To form in children a cognitive interest in the world around them, native nature. Winter signs. What signs of winter do you know? Authors: Educators of MDOU " Kindergarten Vostochny village, Bannova I.V. What seasons do you know? Objective of the project. Guess the season. Educational questions.
There are 13 presentations in total in the topic
Nature and weather are constantly changing. snowing, then rain, then the sun bakes, then clouds find. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.
In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice drifts on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.
What natural phenomena occur in spring?
Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.
thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.
Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.
Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.
High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.
Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more they move air masses. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.
Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)
Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.
Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can range in size from a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the glass of the car!
These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.
Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.
In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and the shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.
In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:
Rain. Water vapor in the air is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. The low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weight of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.
Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.
Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, an optical distortion occurs, which consists in the deviation of different colors, the white color is divided into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.
Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.
In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.
Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:
Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in autumn, exposing their bark and branches, in preparation for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.
fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.
Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.
Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.
Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.
As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.
Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.
In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter the most long nights and the shortest days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.
Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:
Snowfall is the fall of snow.
Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.
Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.
One more a natural phenomenon- clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.
Unusual natural phenomena
There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, alarm, because many of them can harm a person.
Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)
The materials have been prepared for the lesson on the subject of the World around us in grade 2, the programs Perspective and the School of Russia (Pleshakov), but will be useful to any teacher primary school, and parents of preschoolers and younger students in home schooling.
Topic: On a visit to winter. Inanimate and wildlife in winter.
Lesson objectives:
Educational: to observe winter changes in nature; to systematize and enrich children's knowledge of natural connections; to acquaint the children with the features of inanimate and wildlife in the winter.
Developing: broadening the horizons of students, the development of logical thinking, memory and coherent oral speech.
Educational: instill in students a love for nature, respect for the environment.
Planned results: students are aware of the need to protect nature, to behave correctly on the street in winter; learn to generalize observations of winter natural phenomena; prepare messages and deliver them.
Necessary equipment and materials :
Screen, multimedia projector, computer, speakers.
Presentation for the lesson.
Pleshakov A.A. The world. Grade 2 Textbook for educational institutions. - M.: Education, 2014.
Handout.
Organizing time.
The guys got up, lined up, got ready for the lesson.
Today we have an unusual lesson, we have guests. Let's say hello. Smile at me. Smile at your desk mate. Sit quietly.
Let's give each other our warmth and get to work in a good mood!
Setting goals and objectives for the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.
Guys, today we will go to visit a very beautiful time of the year.
And what time of the year is it, you will say, having guessed the riddle: slide 1,2
Troika, Troika has arrived,
The horses in that trio are white.
And in the sleigh sits the queen,
Belokosa, white-faced.
How I waved my sleeve
Everything was covered in silver.
I invite you to visit me in winter.
Remember what nature is like? (Alive and non-living) slide 3
What about inanimate and living things?
(The sun, stars, air, water, stones are inanimate nature. Plants, animals, humans are wildlife.)
What do you think we will talk about in class today?
- Going on a visit to winter, we will observe changes in living and inanimate nature at this time of the year.
Knowledge update.
What has changed in inanimate nature with the advent of winter?
What are the signs of winter?
Generalization of signs of winterslide 4
4. Winter months. Slide 5 - 8
And what kind of horses are harnessed to the top three of the queen of winter?
In the winter kingdom, we are met for three months. Which? (December January February.)
December is windy, midnight of the year, a month of long nights and frosty patterns on the windows. December ends the year, winter begins.
January is "jelly", the coldest and windiest month of the year. January is the beginning of the year, the middle of winter.
February - "fierce", "snow", "bokogrey". A month of snowfalls, evil blizzards and the first warm sun. They say: "Blizzards and blizzards have arrived in February."
Guys, what folk omens you know?
Folk omens.
Stars shine strongly in winter - to frost.
The sparrows chirped together - to the thaw.
Smoke column - to frost.
The cat on the stove - to the cold, the cat on the floor - to the heat.
The first snow falls forty days before winter.
Cold winter - hot summer.
5. Inanimate nature in winter. Slide 9
When do you think winter comes? (Learner's assumptions.)
According to the calendar, winter begins on December 1. But scientists consider the beginning of winter on December 22. This is the day winter solstice. The sun on this day rises low in the sky, and the day is the shortest of the year.
And in nature, winter comes at different times every year. The first frosts are not yet winter. Frosts are replaced by warmth, snow falls and melts several times. Winter begins when the air temperature drops below zero degrees, water bodies freeze, the ground is covered with snow. The days are getting short and cold.
Guys, look carefully at the picture and say
What is the weather like? What mood did the author want to convey?
What color does the artist use more and why?
(Using a lot of white to represent the snow) ?
Teacher. What is snow made of?
Student 1 .
What are snowflakes? Slide 10
Look around. What lies on the ground, branches of trees and shrubs? (Snow.)
What is snow made of? (From snowflakes.)
Consider a variety of snowflakes.
How snow is formed, the student will tell.
It used to be thought that snow was frozen water droplets, but the mystery of snowflakes was not solved. Droplets of water can become hailstones, prickles of opaque ice, but they never turn into snowflakes.
High above the ground, where severe cold reigns, ice floes are formed from water vapor - tiny crystals. Crystals are not snowflakes yet. Crystals grow all the time and finally become beautiful stars. They gather in flakes and fall to the ground.
Forty-eight types, options, combinations! How many beautiful drawings can be made by collecting a hand-drawn collection of snowflakes! The sticky snowflakes form snow flakes. Large, similar to pieces of cotton wool, they lie on the ground.
6. Textbook work
And now let's work on the textbook.
Work with the textbook. Students reading the text "Inanimate nature in winter." Page 132-133 (on my own )
Reading session.
What phenomena occur in inanimate nature?
Natural phenomena in winter. Slide 11,12,13.
thaw(increase in atmospheric temperature to positive values in winter or early spring).
sleet(when, after a thaw, air and soil temperatures drop).
snowfall(snow falls from clouds).
blizzard(transport by wind of snow lifted from the surface of the earth).
frost(deposits of ice on thin and long objects (tree branches, wires) in wet frosty weather).
Also, what natural phenomena do you know? (blizzard, blizzard)
Guys, what is the difference between a blizzard and a blizzard?
Blizzard - sweeps old snow i.e. wind without precipitation; A blizzard is a blizzard plus precipitation with a strong wind. those. snow, and snowstorm from the word storm i.e. very seriously.
- Formulate the rules of safe behavior on the street in winter.
Conversation that ice is the cause of accidents on the roads and injuries to pedestrians; and icicles falling from the roofs of buildings during the thaw often cause injuries to passers-by.
Gymnastics for the eyes
7. The game "Claps".
Clap your hands if you hear winter phenomena of nature.
Leaf fall, thunderstorm, snowfall, rain, blizzard , freezing , flowering of apple trees, the arrival of migratory birds,thaw , sleet .
8. Winter plant life.
What groups are all plants divided into? (Trees, shrubs, herbs.) (Slide 14)
What are the trees? (deciduous and coniferous.)
Compare leafy and coniferous trees. Figure out how they hibernate. (Slide 15)
Deciduous plants shed their leaves in autumn. But in some places on their branches one can observe browned leaves. Especially a lot of them on oak. On many plants: mountain ash, maple, acacia, linden, wild rose - fruits are preserved for the winter. Majority coniferous plants winters with green leaves.
Not only coniferous plants remain green, but also some herbaceous plants: strawberries, cranberries, wheat. (Slide 16)
What role does snow play for these plants?
(Snow for these plants is a warm duvet, it covers the plants and does not allow them to freeze.) .
Physical education minute . ( Projector turns off)
The sun warms the earth weakly,
Frost crackles at night
In the snowman's yard
Whitened carrot nose.
Suddenly there was water in the river
Motionless and firm
The blizzard is angry, the snow is spinning,
Sweeps everything around
Snow white silver.
(Students perform a set of general developmental exercises.)
9. Secrets of the animal world.
What groups are animals divided into? (Beasts, birds, fish, insects.) ( C lay 17)
About how some animals hibernate, we learn from messages prepared by the guys.
Guess the riddle:
I wear a fluffy coat
I live in a dense forest
In a hollow on an old oak
I chew nuts. (Squirrel) ( C slide 18, when clicked, a guess and a picture appear)
By winter, the squirrel insulates its nest, which serves as reliable protection for it during severe frosts and bad weather. The squirrel builds its nest in the forks of branches or in hollows of trees. In frosts, when it is very cold, squirrels do not run through the forest, they hide in nests. A squirrel's nest is called Gaino. A ball of branches high on the trees. It has one or two exits, and inside the walls are lined with moss.
By winter, the squirrel makes food supplies. It is amusing to watch how a squirrel is looking for nuts: it will tap its paw on the branches of a hazel tree and see which one sways more. So there are nuts on this branch. He selects the best fruits for food and in reserve.
Mushrooms in the summer and autumn dries the squirrel itself. Bite the fungus - is it tasty? Then he pricks on a knot - let it dry until winter. It happens that hundreds and even thousands of squirrel fungi will dry out over the summer.
The owner of the forest
Waking up in the spring
And in winter under a blizzard howl
Sleeping in a snow hut. (Bear) (Slide 19)
Before going to the den, the bear confuses its tracks, like a hare, winding through the wind-fallen water, jumping sideways from the track, in a word, it will walk back and forth more than once.
A lair - a hole dug somewhere under the roots of a tree, is lined with grass, dry ferns even before the first snow. The bear lies down with his head to the manhole, covers his muzzle with his paw and sleeps. At this time, he does not eat food, but lives off the accumulated fat.
It is said that bears suck their paws in the den in winter. In fact, the old rough skin comes off the bear's feet, and the young tender skin needs to be warmed. Therefore, the bear licks the soles with a hot tongue, smacking his lips at this time. It looks like he's sucking his paw.
If a bear is awakened, it leaves the den hungry and at this time it can be very dangerous. It is called a bear - connecting rod.
Behind the trees, bushes
The flame flashed quickly.
Flashed, ran
There is no smoke or fire. (Fox) (Slide 20)
The fox hunts at dusk or at night for birds, hares, hedgehogs. Sneaks up to the prey imperceptibly, unexpectedly rushes at it and grabs it with sharp teeth. He loves, like a cat, to play with prey. In winter, you can see how the fox sniffs the snow. In fact, by smell under the snow, she tracks down mice, quickly digs snow with her front paws and grabs prey. Destroying mice, the fox benefits. During heavy snowstorms and bad weather, she seeks shelter, curls up in a ball and hides behind her tail.
The oblique does not have a den,
He doesn't need a hole.
Legs save from enemies
And from hunger - bark. (Hare) (Slide 21)
Hares have stronger hind legs than their front legs. He runs on loose snow on his pubescent paws easily, like on Canadian skis, He sleeps lightly, dozing half asleep with his eyes open, only closing them for a minute. During heavy snowstorms and snowfalls, it hides in shallow pits, in bushes, a hare lies down in a hole from a lope, so there are no traces nearby.
( C lay 25)
Teacher: The hare and hare are rather large animals, the body length of the tallest reaches 70 cm. The hare is gray in summer and winter; in winter it only brightens a little. Belyak in winter becomes completely white, which explains its name.
The teacher's story about the winter life of animals: mouse, weasel, wolf, boar, elk. (Slides 22-24)
It is interesting!
Mice are the main food for foxes in winter. To be full, she must eat up to 20 mice a day.
Usually each squirrel has several nests (sometimes up to 30) in different places.
The squirrel does not always find its reserves, and it has to eat the seeds of coniferous plants. To get enough, she needs to eat seeds from 28 spruce cones or 380 pine cones per day. Much more fat was eaten in the seeds than in pine seeds, so they are much more nutritious.
An elk should eat 9-10 kg of food per day, and in severe frosts up to 20 kg.
10. The game "Settle animals in houses » (Slide 25)
House 1 - animals that make supplies for the winter.
House 2 - animals that hibernate in winter.
House 3 - animals that look for food in nature in winter.
Students complete the task in pairs using the handout (Appendix 1). The completed task is collectively checked.
11 . Bird life in winter. . . (Slides 26-27)
Now let's talk about the life of birds in winter.
Children, do all the birds stay for the winter? Why?
What are the birds that fly to warmer climes in autumn called? Why are they flying away?
What are the names of the birds that stay over the winter? (Winterers.)
And what groups are wintering birds divided into? (sedentary and rocking)
Name migratory birds? (oriole, swift, swallow, lark, starling, rook ...)
Name winter birds.
(Tit, sparrow, jay, woodpecker, nuthatch, bullfinch, dove, magpie, crow)
Let's remember sedentary and nomadic birds.
The story of the students about the crossbills and the titmouse X.(Slide 28)
Crossbill lives in coniferous forests. The beak of crossbills is adapted to feed on the seeds of cones, so the upper and lower halves of the beak are crossed. The male is brightly colored, while the female is greyish-green. These birds breed their chicks in the winter, because. It is in winter that they have a lot of food. There is a peculiarity in the nutrition of the crossbill: when picking a cone, it eats only part of the seeds, and then throws it away. Cones thrown on the snow are picked up by squirrels and woodpeckers. This makes it easier for them to find food. But even more important are the thrown cones for the mice. Because they themselves cannot pick a cone from a tree.
Tit- This is a dexterous mobile bird. She does not fly away for the winter to warmer climes. It usually nests in the hollows of trees. The bright yellow chest and belly of this bird are divided in half by a wide black stripe, and there is a black cap on its head. In summer it feeds on bugs, worms, and in winter it eats everything: bread crumbs and boiled vegetables. But he especially loves unsalted lard. Discuss. What is worse for birds in winter, hunger or cold? Why?
What do birds eat in winter?
Millet, millet, oats, wheat;
Sunflower seeds;
Berries of mountain ash, hawthorn;
Seeds of maple, ash;
Cones, acorns, nuts;
Bread, bread crumbs.
And yet birds often go hungry in winter. How can you help birds get through this difficult time? (We need to make bird feeders and feed them.)
A. Yashin's poem "Feed the Birds in Winter" is read by a student.
Feed the birds in winter
Let from all over
They will flock to you, like home,
Stakes on the porch.
Their food is not rich.
Need a handful of grain
One handful - and not terrible
They will have winter.
How many of them die - do not count,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And the birds are warm.
Train the birds in the cold
To your window
So that without songs it was not necessary
We welcome spring.
What are the benefits of birds? (They eat insects that damage the forest, revive the forests with their singing.)
What happens if there are no birds?
Independent work with self-examination.
- And now let's check how well you have learned the material, take the test.
1. Test "Nature in winter"
What is scarier for animals in winter?
2. Winter temperature:
1) Below zero
2) Above zero
3. What do wintering birds eat in the forest?
1) Mosquitoes
3) Tree buds and plant berries
4. What bird can you not see at your feeder in winter?
1) Bullfinch
2) Swallow
3) Titmouse
5. Recognize the bird by description
The beak is cruciform and uses a climbing beak. Lives in coniferous mixed forests. It is a diurnal, noisy and mobile bird. It feeds on seeds of cones, coniferous aphids, sunflower seeds, hawthorn, mountain ash.
3) Bullfinch
4) Titmouse
The test is done with the help of a teacher. Error correction.
Summary of the lesson. Reflection of educational activity
What changes in animate and inanimate nature occur in winter?
About what secrets of the animal and flora learned in class?
Who was satisfied with their work in the lesson?
If you are completely satisfied with the lesson, think that you gave it your all and perfectly understood the new topic of the lesson, raise blue snowflake.
If you are satisfied with your work in the lesson, but you can work more actively, raise blue snowflake.
If you don't understand anything in a lesson and you need the teacher's help to explain the topic of the lesson again, raise white snowflake.
Today we visited winter, I hope that winter itself will come to visit us soon. (Slide 36)
Homework.
Draw a picture "Winter"
What are natural phenomena? What are they? You will find answers to these questions in this article. The material can be useful both for preparing for the lesson the world around us, and for general development.
Everything that surrounds us and is not created by human hands is nature.
All changes occurring in nature are called phenomena of nature or natural phenomena. The rotation of the Earth, its movement in its orbit, the change of day and night, the change of seasons are examples of natural phenomena.
The seasons are also called seasons. Therefore, natural phenomena associated with the change of seasons are called seasonal phenomena.
Nature, as you know, is inanimate and alive.
Inanimate nature includes: the sun, stars, celestial bodies, air, water, clouds, stones, minerals, soil, precipitation, mountains.
Wildlife includes plants (trees), fungi, animals (animals, fish, birds, insects), microbes, bacteria, humans.
In this article, we will consider winter, spring, summer and autumn natural phenomena in animate and inanimate nature.
Winter natural phenomena
| Examples of winter phenomena in inanimate nature | Examples of winter phenomena in wildlife |
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Spring natural phenomena
| Names of spring phenomena in inanimate nature | Names of spring phenomena in wildlife |
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Summer natural phenomena
| Summer natural phenomena in inanimate nature | Summer natural phenomena in wildlife |
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Autumn natural phenomena
| Autumn phenomena in inanimate nature | Autumn phenomena in wildlife |
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Unusual natural phenomena
What natural phenomena still exist? In addition to the seasonal natural phenomena described above, there are several more that are not associated with any time of the year.
- Floodcom called a short-term sudden rise in the water level in the river. This sharp rise may be due to heavy rains, melting a large number snow, the discharge of an impressive volume of water from the reservoir, the descent of glaciers.
- northern Lights- the glow of the upper layers of the atmospheres of planets with a magnetosphere, due to their interaction with charged particles of the solar wind.
- Ball lightning- a rare natural phenomenon that looks like a luminous and floating formation in the air.
- Mirage- an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: the refraction of light streams at the boundary between layers of air that are sharply different in density and temperature.
- « Falling star"- an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere
- Hurricane- extremely fast and strong, often of great destructive power and considerable duration, air movement
- Tornado- an ascending whirlwind of extremely rapidly rotating air in the form of a funnel of great destructive power, in which moisture, sand and other suspensions are present.
- Ebb and flow- these are changes in the water level of the sea elements and the World Ocean.
- Tsunami- long and high waves generated by a powerful impact on the entire water column in the ocean or other body of water.
- Earthquake- are tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface. The most dangerous of them arise due to tectonic displacements and ruptures in the earth's crust or the upper part of the Earth's mantle.
- Tornado- an atmospheric vortex that occurs in a cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud and spreads down, often to the very surface of the earth, in the form of a cloud sleeve or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters
- Eruption- the process of ejection by a volcano on earth's surface red-hot debris, ash, an outpouring of magma, which, having poured onto the surface, becomes lava.
- floods- flooding of the territory of the earth with water, which is a natural disaster.
Winter is a fierce time, especially in the north of the planet. Sometimes her appearance does not coincide with calendar time. The signs of winter can show up sooner. Muddy weather turns to frost, water bodies freeze, and the ground is covered with a white blanket of snow. The days during this period are short and the nights are cold.
The first signs of winter. Snow
nature calendar
Frost and snow appear in different ways. Nature has its own calendar, so the signs of winter are noticeable at different times of the year.
The timing of the annual seasons changes every year. Therefore, spring can come early or, conversely, late. This also happens in winter. Every year there may be a different amount of precipitation, there may be more clear or cloudy days, and the temperature can also present its own surprises.
It is important for many people to follow the fluctuations in nature. Gardeners, landowners, fishermen, hunters pay attention to them. Depends on weather conditions such industries:
- poultry farming;
- Agriculture;
- fishing;
- animal husbandry;
- sericulture;
- beekeeping.
End of winter
Winter doesn't last forever, it eventually comes to an end. The first thawed patches appear, the earth is visible. Previously, they can be seen on the slopes, and then - in the fields. But in the north, in the forests, snow can stay for a long time.
Migratory birds are starting to return home. The first to be seen are the rooks. But there are also places of their residence, from which they do not fly away, since there are no severe winters.
Beginning of winter in wildlife
There are signs of winter in wildlife. You can see the following changes:
- Trees and bushes shed their leaves. This happens due to the fact that there is little light in winter, so they do not need this part. Only coniferous trees do not lose their leaves, they fall out gradually so that new ones grow. These needles of Christmas trees, pines are covered with a coating that protects them from severe frosts.
- In winter, there is little food. For this reason, animals, such as bears, hibernate. Those who continue to lead an active life are overgrown with a warm coat. Such changes will not allow them to freeze. By the way, the hare turns white for the winter, and the hedgehog finds a cozy place and sleeps there, curled up in a ball, until spring.
- The number of birds decreases in winter, as migratory birds fly to regions where it is warmer. Only those who have adapted to eat various types of food remain. And many insects disappear in winter, so it becomes more difficult for birds to find food.
Such signs of winter in wildlife.
What is snow made of?
Snowflakes come in various sizes, but no more than 5 mm. And openwork weaving differs from each other, surprising with its uniqueness. There are different signs of winter, but snow is considered the most basic. Snowflakes are symmetrical, have clear geometric edges, connected in a hexagon. The water molecule has a hexagonal shape. Because of this, she, freezing in the clouds, reincarnates into small crystals. Formation occurs with the capture of neighboring molecules. Thus, a chain of frozen molecules is obtained.
The resulting shape is affected by air temperature, humidity. Snow in winter plays an important role, as it provides protection to the earth in cold weather, covering it with a blanket of snow. It allows you to keep warm, plants and small animals will not die in such conditions. If there is no snow, then winter crops will not produce a crop. Snow also retains moisture, which is needed in spring.
Games for kids to help recognize the start of winter
Many parents want their child to be able to quickly tell what signs of winter exist. You can teach him this by playing. At the same time, his mental abilities will develop and improve.
The first game is called "Homemade Lotto". It can be used for 3 year olds. Signs of winter for children will become clear, they will be able to talk about it. To do this, you need to make a lotto for every season. Pictures are collected on which signs of winter and other periods of the year are drawn. After that, you need to invite your child to choose from the drawings those that are associated with the winter period. The parent can take out pictures in turn, and the baby must determine the signs of the cold season. To make it interesting for the child, you can switch roles with him later. This will consolidate his knowledge. It is allowed to make mistakes so that the baby corrects his parent.
Like the previous game, you can write words on the cardboard: signs for the word "winter" and other seasons. The lesson is similar to the previous one, the child must collect words related to winter.
The game "What to wear" develops the baby's thoughts well. This will require clothing that should be worn in different time of the year. The child must choose from the pile only those things that are suitable for winter. The parent can also show one attribute of the wardrobe, and the children draw a conclusion regarding it. The same game can be played with shoes. If there is concern that things will get dirty, pictures can be used. They should be wearing different clothes. For the child to develop logical thinking, you can ask why he chose a particular thing.
You can help recognize the signs of winter while walking. When the mother went for a walk with the baby outside, he can begin to talk about the changes that came with the advent of the winter period. The parent can help the children by noticing that the dog's hair has become thicker, and smoke is visible from the cottages, as the stove is stoked there. The child will be aware that with the advent of winter it becomes cold, so these changes occur.
You can also play winter words. To do this, the participants alternately name the words associated with winter. For example, cold, snow, Santa Claus, Snowman and others. If someone does not know what word to say, he is out of the game. The last remaining participant becomes the winner.
So, there are many changes in the coming of winter. Each person should notice them, and children should be helped to see these signs.
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