Common birch can be safely considered a symbol of Russia. This tree is extremely widespread throughout our country. You can hardly find someone who does not know this plant. It is used in industry, medicine and ornamental gardening.
Birch is a deciduous tree belonging to the Birch family. Botany has more than a hundred species of this plant. Most of of them - trees, their height can reach 30-35, and sometimes 45 m. Among this variety there are shrubs, which are quite large and very small, creeping. These plants usually live 200-250 years, but sometimes their age can exceed 300.
Description of birch
Root system birch trees are developed and very powerful. It can be pivotal and superficial. The seedling usually has a taproot, but it stops growing rather quickly and dies off. Then lateral root shoots begin to develop, giving many branches. They are located obliquely at an angle of 30-40º and go shallow into the ground. This position of adventitious roots allows the birch to have increased stability and strength. A lot in the structure of the roots depends on where the plant grows.
The first few years of its life, birch grows very slowly. But when the main root dies off and the peripheral part grows, the tree begins to grow much faster. Roots located quite close to the surface take all moisture and nutrients from the ground. Where birch grows, it is extremely difficult for other plants to survive.
A mature tree usually has white, whitish-yellow, brown-reddish, sometimes brown, grayish and even almost black bark, based on the variety. The white color is due to the presence in the cells of the tissue of the cortex of begulin - a white dye resinous substance. The outer layer is called birch bark and is usually easily removed in layers or strips. In fairly old birches, the lower sections of the trunk acquire a dark gray color and are furrowed with deep cracks. The trunk girth is up to 1.5 m.
The leaves of the tree are smooth, with small notches at the edges, rounded or triangular in shape with an elongated sharp tip, alternately sitting on a short petiole. On the leaf blade, feathery veins are clearly visible, which end in denticles. Young fresh leaves are covered with sticky resin and have a pale green color. In autumn, before falling, the foliage turns yellow.
Birches are dicotyledonous, dioecious and wind-pollinated plants. Male earrings appear in the summer, bloom in the spring, and then immediately fall off. The female ones bloom together with the leaves and after pollination, the fruits ripen in them, which are a small flattened nut, equipped with "wings". Thanks to these membranes, birch fruits are able to be carried away by the wind over a distance of over 100 m.
Varieties
The classification of birches is rather complicated; botanists cannot come to a consensus on this matter. Their description is confusing due to polymorphism. The following 4 groups are usually distinguished:
Albae- this includes trees with bark of white, yellowish, pinkish and other light shades.
Costata- trees with dense wood, which has different shades (cherry, white, black, yellow). The trunk is ribbed, and the leaves are interesting volumetric veins.
Acuminatae- large trees with large leaves growing in subtropical climates.
Nanae- dwarf trees with small leaves.
Types of birches
Let's consider some types of birches:
Ordinary(warty, drooping). Height up to 35 m, trunk thickness 0.7-0.8 m. The most common variety of birches with white bark, which in young plants (up to 10 years old) has a brown color, and then turns white. The branches are strewn with many resinous growths that resemble warts, hence the name - warty. Grows throughout Europe, Asia and North Africa... The tree is unpretentious, tolerates severe frosts and droughts very well, but requires good sunlight.
Fluffy(pubescent). Height - 25-30 m, diameter - up to 0.8 m. Young trees bear a resemblance to alder due to their red-brown bark. But with age, the similarity disappears, as the trunk turns white. Branches directed almost vertically upward form a wide spreading crown. Grows in Western Europe, central regions Russia, the Caucasus and Siberia. Very winter-hardy, shade-tolerant, loves wet and even marshy soils.
Erman(stone). A relatively short tree (up to 15 m) with a crooked trunk, but up to 0.9 m in diameter. It has a flaky bark of dark gray and brown colors, which ultimately ulcerates with large cracks. A translucent, wide and luxurious crown is formed from erect branches. It perfectly tolerates cold, shade-tolerant and undemanding. It tolerates swampy and wet soils very poorly, preferring rocky areas. Often found on the islands of Japan, in the northern provinces of China, on the Korean Peninsula. On the territory of Russia, it grows by Far East, in Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Yakutia and Kamchatka.
Cherry... Height up to 25 m, thickness up to 0.6 m. This birch is distinguished by uneven, cracked, brownish-reddish, almost cherry-colored bark. Grows in moist, light, well-drained soils. In cold winters, it can freeze slightly. Distributed in North America, the Baltic countries, Belarus and in the central part of Russia.
Black(river). Height up to 30 m, girth more than 1 m. It grows in the southern states of the United States, as it is very thermophilic.
Karelian... It can be a small bush, but it can grow up to 6-8 m in height. The trunk is covered with all kinds of irregularities, thanks to which the wood has an extremely interesting marble pattern.
Dwarf... Typical inhabitant of highlands and tundra. It looks like a shrub with fairly branched warty branches. It prefers to grow in highly moist, heavy soils.
Application
Birch is widely used. First of all, they use its wood. Various joinery, plywood, laminate are made from it. There is even such a color - birch, which is used in furniture production. The Karelian variety is especially appreciated for the manufacture of various crafts and furniture. Birch firewood is considered one of the best.
Birch sap is used in the food industry for the preparation of various drinks.
Tar is obtained from birch bark by dry distillation, which is used in veterinary medicine and medicine, as well as in the cosmetic industry.
For medical purposes, birch leaves, bark and buds are used, which have bactericidal, choleretic, wound healing, expectorant, diuretic, antiseptic and antipyretic properties. Birch brooms have been used since ancient times for prevention and treatment various diseases.
These trees are widely used in artificial plantations, in landscape design and gardening. Virtually maintenance-free and very decorative.
Birch ( Betula) belongs to deciduous plants of the dicotyledonous class, birch family, beech order, birch genus. The tree borrowed its Latin name from the ancient Gaelic language. The Proto-Slavic name comes from the word "whiten, shine".
Birch - description and characteristics
These trees, with the exception of some dwarf species, reach 45 meters in height, and the trunk of a birch can reach 1.5 meters in circumference. Young birch branches are usually reddish-brown and covered with small "warts". The buds on the branches are alternately arranged and covered with sticky scales. Small bright green leaves with pronounced veins have the shape of an equilateral triangle with two rounded corners, along the edges they are excised with denticles. In spring, young birch leaves are usually sticky.
The bark of a birch tree covering the trunk can be white, yellowish, with a pink or brown tint. Some species are characterized by brown and gray trunk colors. The upper part of the bark, birch bark, peels off the trunk with ease. The old trees below are covered with rough dark bark with deep cracks.
The root system of a birch can be branched, superficial, with numerous thin shoots, or deep, with roots obliquely extending into the depths. It depends on the conditions in which the tree grows. In the first years of life, it grows slowly, after 3-4 years the growth rate increases.
How long does a birch live?
The birch tree is a characteristic representative of dioecious plants that are pollinated by the wind. She has both female and male "earrings", which immediately fall off after pollination. The average lifespan of these trees ranges from 100 to 300 years, although specimens were noted that exceeded the 400-year mark.
Types of birches, names and photos
Due to polymorphism, the exact number of birch species has not been established. However, most scientists are inclined to believe that there are more than 100. There is no single classification, but the most successful is the division of the genus into four groups:
- Albae - includes birches with a white and close to this shade of birch bark.
- Costata - has a ribbed trunk and rough leaves due to the veins protruding from the bottom.
- Acuminatae are large-leaved trees that grow in subtropical conditions.
- Nanae - includes all low-growing birches with small leaves.
Several types of birches are described below:
- (Betula pubescens )
A tree with a height of 15 - 25 m has a trunk diameter of up to 80 cm. Young trees, which are often confused with alder, have red-brown bark, which eventually acquires a snow-white color. The crown of a young birch is narrow, slender, with age it becomes wide and spreading, with branches directed upwards. Fluffy birch grows in Siberian forests, in the European part of Russia, in Western Europe and in the Caucasus. The variety is winter-hardy, shade-tolerant, does not really need the sun. Prefers well-moistened soils, feels great in wetlands.
- Hanging birch(warty) ( Betula pendula)
The most common type of birch, growing up to 25-30 m and having a trunk diameter of 75-80 cm. Young trees have brown bark, which turns white by 10 years. The lower part of the trunks of old trees turns black and becomes covered with deep cracks. Birch branches are covered with a scattering of many resinous formations resembling warts, hence popular name species - warty birch. The branches of young growth characteristically hang down, which is why the birch is often called drooping. Grows throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia. The most extensive range from Ural mountains to Kazakhstan. The variety is frost-resistant, easily tolerates drought, but picky about the sun.
- Erman's birch(stone) ( Betula ermanii)
The stone birch got its official name in honor of the German physicist and traveler Georg Adolf Ermann. Among birch trees, it is considered a long-liver; individual trees can live up to 400 years. With a relatively low growth of 12-15 m, Erman's birch has a diameter of a usually curved trunk up to 90 cm. The bark is brown or dark gray, flaky, with age it becomes covered with deep cracks. The branches are erect, warty and pubescent in young trees, forming a very beautiful, wide, translucent crown. The species is cold-resistant, shade-tolerant, unpretentious, grows well on stony lands. Excess moisture does not tolerate well, on swampy soils it is replaced by downy birch. It grows in Buryatia, Yakutia, the Far East, China, Japan and Korea.
- Cherry birch(stringy, sweet) ( Betula lenta)
A tree of medium size, 20-25 m in height, trunk diameter up to 60 cm. The crown of young growth is pyramidal, with age it is set round, transparent, with drooping branches. Cherry birch is characterized by uneven, dark brown, almost cherry bark, covered with pronounced cracks. The bark of young trees has a spicy, aromatic scent. This birch grows rapidly, preferring well-drained, light and moist soils, and is considered a long-liver. With an average winter hardiness, in harsh winters often freezes. Due to the increased demand for growing conditions, it never becomes the dominant plant. Homeland of cherry birch - North America, from Maine to the southern slopes of the Appalachians. It grows well in the Baltic countries, Belarus, and is found in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia.
- Black birch(river) ( Betula nigra)
The most thermophilic species of birches up to 30 m high and with a trunk diameter of more than 1 m. The openwork crown of wild trees is formed by oval or ovoid leaves, dark green above and whitish or gray below. The bark of trees can be rough, gray or brown in color, and sometimes smooth and even birch trees with creamy pink bark that flake off like paper are sometimes found. A thermophilic species of birch, widespread in the United States from New Hampshire to Texas and Florida.
- Betula nana )
This type of birch grows in the tundra, in the highlands, and is found on the plains. It resembles a shrub with strong branching or is a low tree, the trunk of which is surrounded by warty branches. The bark of a birch is dark brown, young shoots are densely pubescent. For growth, prefers acidic or slightly acidic soil, tolerates heavy, waterlogged soils.
- Betula carelica )
This type of birch can reach a decent height of 5-8 m, but often it also has the shape of a small bush. The trunk of a Karelian birch is often covered with numerous irregularities (tubercles or bulges), it is distinguished by an unusual pattern resembling veins of marble. Karelian birch wood is highly valued in exclusive furniture production, and cabinetmakers use it to make luxurious handicrafts.
Birch has been considered a symbol of Russia from ancient times. And there is not a single person who does not know this tree, because it is widely used in industry, medicine and for garden decoration. And also in many books you can often find artistic description birches in poetry and fairy tales.
general description
Birch is a tree that has a clear change of deciduous cover, and it belongs to the genus Birch. Botanists have found that this plant has about a hundred species, most of which stretch up to 30-35, and sometimes 45 meters. In the midst of such a variety, there are bushes that there are both very large and completely tiny, expelled. Life expectancy is on average 200-250 years. The tree is undemanding to the soil. Sandy, clayey or barren lands are suitable for him. Loves water and mainly grows near seas, rivers and swamps.
Numerous fairy tales, poems, riddles that pass from generation to generation can show all the beauty and inimitability of a slender tree. This is probably why the description of birch for children, including in artistic skill, is very important for their spiritual development and the upbringing of patriotic feelings, the disclosure of humanity, as well as the formation of love for all living things.
Growing features
If you want to plant a birch tree near your house, you must remember that large sprouts with an open rhizome, even planted at the correct time, do not always take root - some of them die, or their crown dries up. Therefore, it is better to purchase seedlings with an earthen ball or in a container. ... The main rules for caring for a tree:
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Classification of species
The genus Birch is numerous and is found all over the world. The habitat ranges from the sultry subtropics to regions with very cold air. In central Russia and in areas with moderate weather conditions these trees create light groves, having a fairly wide variety of species:
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Application of birch
In the food industry, veterinary medicine, industry, folk medicine and cosmetology, birch has found very wide application, because it has healing powers, due to the presence of many useful components in the petals and buds.
Medicinal properties
A decoction of the leaves is used by herbalists as a disinfectant, antiseptic, diuretic and choleretic drug in the manufacture of various collections. Birch petals have a large number of:
The juice collected in early spring can be used as a preventive measure against blood diseases. Chaga (birch mushroom) tea relieves headaches, improves appetite and invigorates.
Tar is used mainly as an antiallergic and antimicrobial agent; it is included in soaps, various balms and lotions that are used to treat skin diseases.
Birch is one of the most widespread and beautiful trees in our country. His cute image is extraordinarily attractive for its sincere naturalness and tenderness nagging the soul.
Want to see the grandeur of natural beauty in rustic simplicity? Turn your gaze to the birch. On the one hand, it is quite ordinary, but on the other, it is a surprisingly touching, unusually attractive tree. Above the birch bark is white and thin, and below it is black and clumsy. The black stripes on the white bark are needed so that the tree can breathe through them.
Creative people see birch as an inexhaustible source of inspiration. The contemplation of this modest tree gives strength, energy, promotes the disclosure of a writing and artistic gift. Talented musical works, works of fine art and fiction... Perhaps the most famous is the poem by Sergei Yesenin:
"White birch
Under my window
Covered with snow
Like silver "...
The delicate white-trunked beauty was glorified by the people in songs. One of them - “There was a birch in the field” - is so popular that it is recognizable from the very first chords.
How can one explain such a great popular love for this modest tree? Probably because it resembles a fragile young girl, dressed in a white outfit with dark stripes, which fits her flexible waist and emphasizes the elegance of her slender figure.
Take care of the birch trees!
Description of birch at different times of the year: spring, summer, autumn, winter
In the warm season, a slender beauty puts on a green cloak on top, woven from heart-shaped leaves. And to emphasize her unsurpassed image, the fashionista adorns herself with long earrings. She changes them depending on the season: in the spring she prefers green, in the summer - brown. In the fall, the birch dresses up in a festive golden dress. But with the onset of cold weather, it is time to give away the solemn outfit. The white-trunked beauty does not want to part with him, but the evil wind does not spare the maiden beauty. He mercilessly rips off the golden robe, leaving the beautiful maiden naked. And she stands, confused and bashful, sadly recalling the fine summer days. Then the breeze was gentle, and the sun not only shone, but also warmed. Until spring, the tree will dream of the warm season, hoping that its beauty will rise again.
This is our birch: defenseless, dear, dear to the heart. And how good the birch forest is! The beautiful sisters are standing nearby, contrastingly standing out with their white trunks against the background of the dark earth. They are charming and adorable, you involuntarily fall in love with them at first sight and for the rest of your life. Admiring the view of a young birch grove touches the subtlest strings of the soul, making a person softer, kinder, more merciful. Take care of these beautiful trees!
Essay about Russian birch for grades 4-5-6-7: "Birch is a symbol of Russia"
Birch is a primordially Russian tree, which is distinguished by its firmness and modest beauty. The very names of birch sound like a challenge to nature: stone, iron, woolly ... Strong character! As they say, you can't take it with your bare hands. It is no coincidence that this particular tree symbolizes Russia.
Birch is surprisingly unpretentious to soil. It is able to take root even in salty, marginal soils, with a lack of moisture and severe frosts. Everything fits her, she will endure everything and will grow. Such an iron will to live is admirable.
Birch is often called the pioneer tree. In a vacant lot, in a clearing, a slender white-trunked beauty appears first, decorating a dull space. Nature itself put this tree in the first rows of attacking fires, dislodged pastures, abandoned lands. Moreover, birch helps other trees, paving the way for conifers and broadleaf trees.
No tree can compare with the birch in terms of the abundance of seeds. Each seed is light, tiny, almost weightless. It is in these properties of seeds that the secret of the rapid spread of birch lies, its ability to walk on the ground in front of all other trees.
A birch seed resembles a lentil seed. It looks like an oblong nut with transparent membranous wings. The wind blew - a seed flew, hovering like a glider in air jets. In terms of flight range, this nut with two wings is recognized as the champion among all other wood seeds. It is no coincidence that one scientist called it "an aircraft".Once in the soil, the seed quickly becomes fixed in it and germinates. And after a while a birch forest appears - a birch forest. So step by step, decade after decade, century after century, a birch is triumphantly striding across the earth. It is not for nothing that it is also called the guide of the Russian forest.
From time immemorial, birch was given due honor. On the holiday of spring, girls went to the forest, curled a birch with wreaths and led a round dance around it, as if taking a birch to be their sisters ... Glorious custom! This beautiful tree is worthy of such honors.
Fortitude of spirit, unbreakable will to win, as well as purity and modesty are the qualities that are inherent in a Russian person. That is why birch is rightfully considered one of the main symbols of Russia.
Mini-essay on the theme "Birch"
Even in ancient times, the Slavs believed that birch has a special vitality. And the tree generously shares healing energy with everyone. If you approach a birch tree, lean against it and hug it, all the sorrows go away, and your soul becomes light and joyful.
Birch is not only a beautiful, but also a healthy tree, which is famous for its healing aromatic sap. They begin to collect it in the spring, at the end of March. You cannot use an ax, as this can lead to the death of the tree. To prevent the holes for collecting juice from turning into open wounds, they must be covered with paint and plugged with moss. Take care of the birch trees! Don't cripple our green friends!
Visit the birch forest, admire the slender white-trunked beauties. Think about what you like most about them, and then your essay on birch will be sincere and meaningful.
To write an essay or mini-essay about birch, read also stories about this popularly beloved tree.
Story about birch number 1
Dimka's house stands near the forest. From it to the village, the road goes across the field. There are no trees there. There is a white birch in only one place near the road.
Dimka comes from school, sings a song about astronauts. Today he is glad. I got five in geography. He looks: a car has stopped on the road near a birch tree. The driver got out of the car, stands and thinks what to do. The car cannot go, because there is a hole in the road.
The driver took an ax and went to the birch. Dimka understood everything and shouted:
Uncle, wait, don't chop the birch!
But the chauffeur doesn't hear. Raised the ax. Dimka ran to him.
Uncle! Uncle! - shouts.
The driver looks at Dimka.
What do you want boy? - asks.
Uncle, don't chop the birch. She is small.
I can see that it’s small, ”says the driver. - So what to do? You see - a pit. We need to put something under the wheels.
I'll run to the village for a tractor, - says Dimka.
Oh no! I don't have much time. I am late…
Then I'll bring the stones, - said Dimka and ran. He brought stones. The eyes are cheerful. - Where to throw?
The driver did not answer and also went after the stones. Together they carried stones, threw them under the wheels. And now you can go. The driver got into the car.
Where are you going? - he asks Dimka.
Me to the forest.
Sit down. Let's go.
The car is running fast. Here is the forest. The car stopped.
Goodbye, - said the driver and smiled. - Thank you boy.
(According to F. Khalturin)
Story about birch number 2
A slender and curly birch has grown. At the edge of the forest, she scattered her green branches. Birds settled in the thick of the branches.
The birch grows prettier every day. Like winter snow, a slender, straight trunk turns white. Now the wind will not bend him to the ground.
But the kids came to the edge. We went to a birch tree, swung an ax. The birch trembled, and transparent droplets fell to the ground.
The children attached a groove to the frame, and transparent fragrant juice poured out.
Spring passed, summer came, and the birch was sad. It was far away until autumn, but yellow leaves appeared on the birch.
(According to Polyakov)
Story # 3 - "A Worthy Deed"
A lonely gnarled birch grew on the hillock. The autumn wind whipped her painfully, tearing off young branches.
Once the guys came to the hillock, dug holes, planted an apple tree on the slope. And around, in order to protect the apple trees from the wind, they planted rowan, birch, and Christmas trees.
Children often came to the young garden. Either the trunks will be whitewashed with lime, or smoky fires will be lit.
Trees have grown. Apple trees have bloomed. People passed by, admired the garden. In the fall, a thick aroma of ripe apples came from the garden.
(According to N. Bobneva)
Story number 4 - "Ax"
The ax went for firewood. Tapping on stumps, chuckling.
And in the forest, a curly, cheerful birch grew. I saw a birch ax with an ax and said: "I'll start cutting the curly one, only the chips will fly."
The birch was frightened, cried with golden tears, lowered the twigs. The ax burst out laughing, ran into a birch - only white chips flew.
A birch fell down and lay in the green grass, in the blue flowers. He grabbed her with an ax and dragged her home. And to walk the ax across the viburnum bridge. The bridge got angry and said: "Why are you chopping off my sisters?"
He did not spare his back, grunted and broke the viburnum bridge. The ax flopped into the water and sank. And the birch swam down the river into the sea.
(According to A. Tolstoy)
You might find it helpful to know:
Surely many of us have an image whole Russia associated with the appearance of ordinary white birch. Her descriptions are often popular with poets, musicians, painters and other artists who are attracted by the simple beauty of the Russian tree.
"Country of birch chintz"
How vividly noted by the great poet beloved by many. Birch is used as a metaphorical detail, even compared with the soul of the great people of our fatherland.
Numerous songs, poems, pictures, passed down from generation to generation, are dedicated to the beauty and uniqueness of the beautiful birch tree.
Perhaps that is why the description of birch for children, including in the visual arts, from school, is so important for their spiritual growth and the formation of a sense of patriotism, the expansion of their emotional responsiveness, as well as the formation of love for nature. It is important that the vocabulary will be significantly replenished after acquaintance with the unique picturesque images.
Love for beauty, which is the nature around us, formed in early childhood, is able to protect the soul from callousness, make it kinder and more responsive. And this is an undeniable truth.
And the main question that arises before a teacher and not only is how to help children see and hear the world around them. Therefore, it is no coincidence that a descriptive image of a white beauty is used when raising a child.
Where to begin?
Birch is always good. Any season of the year makes her unique and elegant. Everyone knows her green earrings, silk braids, silvery dew, white bark. All this is a description so characteristic at all times. The birch tree retains its appearance from time immemorial.
And at the same time, each season has its own features and images.
The tenderness of spring foliage, the shine and aroma of pointed leaves are charming. The pink reflections of the awakening rays of the sun, timidly running over the snow-white bark, enchant the eye.
Greenery of sprinkled garlands on long thin twigs of branches that fall to the ground in summer confirms the triumph of nature, blossoming in all its glory.
The description of a birch leaf with its unique carvings at any time of the year often becomes the central theme of many lyric works.
The gold of the birch “clothes”, shining under the blue azure of the autumn sky, decorates the whole earth with stunning shades, saturating the farewell ceremony until spring with a unique colorful decoration. It is not for nothing that autumn was the favorite season of our great poet, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: "... the charm of the eyes! ... The magnificent wilting of nature, forests clad in crimson and gold ..."
And, of course, a fabulous winter, which turns the beautiful birch tree into a huge fountain of snow splashes and ice floes, frozen on the branches and sparkling with a diamond shine in the sun on a clear frosty day.
History reference
A characteristic and rather interesting description of birch for children can be conveyed through folk signs and peasant folklore.
The sacred tree, as our common ancestors, the Slavs, considered the birch, personified the beauty, the radiance of light and the purity of a woman.
The white-trunked beauty was honored on a special holiday allotted for her, according to church canons - Semik, when she received special attention. Young girls decorated the birch with ribbons and flowers, weaved wreaths on their heads, sang songs and danced around it.
In addition to the festivities dedicated to the folk tree, there were also many peasant signs and sayings identified and invented by farmers and ordinary observers of nature.
Many signs were associated with sowing. So, they sowed bread when the birch catkins burst, and oats - when the leaves were already blooming.
If birch sap was tasted in the spring, and it turned out to be tasteless, it was believed that there would be a rich harvest of bread.
The birch tree also suggested what the summer will be like. If it dismisses its leaves before the alder, then the summer will be dry. If on the contrary, then rainy.
They also talked about spring with great coincidence. came if the top began to turn yellow first, the later - from the bottom side. And the snow covered the ground late, if in early October the birch tree was still dressed.
As you can see from the examples, a lot is said about the birch tree in riddles, in fairy tales, and in poetry.
"February Azure"
It would seem, what does the birch have to do with it? But even here, it turns out, you can easily raise the level of education for children by expanding their horizons when meeting a very famous work painting.
Often, many painters were attracted by the snow birch, short description which you can find out if you study the reviews, the history of creativity and directly the paintings of the great Russian artists.
This is also Igor Emanuilovich Grabar. He painted a picture widely known to the public, and not only in Russia, under the picturesque title "February Azure".
Having created his masterpiece and after telling the story of its writing, the landscape painter recalled that at that time there were wonderful, sunny February days: “Something unusual was happening in nature. It seemed that she was celebrating some unprecedented holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on the lilac snow. "
Therefore, at least once looking at this work, you can easily remember the image of a birch and quickly transfer yourself to that fresh winter mood that its author put into the picture.
Memorable images of birch
The description of birch for children of grade 3, as well as other age categories, can be continued according to precisely noticed characteristic "birch" features, some of which have become almost - blond birch, sticky leaves, delicate spring greens, earrings and emerald-colored outfit, silk curls, white beauty, lace foliage, solemn garlands ... This list can be continued indefinitely, comparing a slender and light beauty with poetic images.
Children can be given an example of other varieties of terms used in science, including such a characteristic phrase as "hanging birch", a description of which can be found in textbooks on biology.
About the name
The word "birch", in Latin betulus, translates as "blessed", "blessed". This is associated with healing power birch sap, which has a magical effect.
As a version, there is an assumption of the formation of the name from batuere - "whip", "beat". Most likely, because the twigs of the tree served as convenient devices for punishment.
The third assumption is based on the similarity of the name and the word bhe, meaning "white", "light", "pure".
Biology about birch
The description of birch for children can be continued by bringing biological characteristics.
The crown, trunk and roots are the main components of the tree, like other similar species. Distinctive features are: a well-defined trunk, the presence of lateral branches and apical shoots. This is its basic biological description. The birch tree initially grows at a relatively slow pace, but after a few years, development becomes rapid.
Biologists, there are about 120 In height, the tree grows up to 40 meters. However, there are varieties of it as a shrub, including those developing with its shoots on the ground.
The root system of birches is represented by powerful superficial and deep branches that go deep into the ground, thanks to which the tree is quite stable. However, the central core core dies off. Further life activity is carried out due to lateral shoots that form a large number of roots.
The white color of the tree bark is due to the presence of betulin, which is a white resin. Outside, the bark of the main part of the trunk is covered with smooth birch bark, easily detachable in strips. At the bottom, the tree has a dark-colored trunk with large cracks giving a rough appearance.
A description of birch for children can be made through comparison with other similar representatives of the groves. Where there are many different trees - young and old, and thin-stemmed, and low, and tall - the bright bark is especially prominent. And the birch grove seems weightless and saturated with freshness and purity.
The benefits of wood
Birch is especially loved by scientists studying history. It is known that in ancient times the cost of parchment reached sky-high heights. And birch bark and its properties made it possible to use it as a material on which various letters were placed. It was thanks to them that information about ancient life and the peculiarities of life.
Boxes, boxes, boats, shoes were also items that can only be obtained thanks to this tree.
Birch is also useful for humans as a simple plant. It purifies the air, gives coolness on a hot summer day. In addition, it is also a valuable material from which boards, furniture, and paper can be obtained.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the birch was, is and will be a symbol of our great Motherland. It is good both in summer and winter. And it will delight the eye for a long time if we maintain a good attitude towards nature.
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