Occupational safety applies to all areas of human activity - production, education, trade, services. In what way is the safety of a person and others regulated in each occupation, by whom are these norms developed, what do they include? These and other questions are answered in our article.
Instruction on labor protection and labor safety
Safety at the enterprise of each specialist is regulated on the basis of instructions for each profession.
Regulations are intersectoral, sectoral and local (developed at the enterprise).
The fundamental regulatory documents for its development are:
- Intersectoral and sectoral production facilities;
- Activity safety rules;
- Conditions set forth in the operational and repair documents;
- Documentation of the technical nature of this enterprise, taking into account the characteristics of the activity.
All requirements are addressed to a specific position or profession in the enterprise. The prescriptions are typical, because they are the same within the same profession or position, and therefore, the document has a unified structure. Instructions are drawn up by authorized employees on the safety of activities in the organization. They draw up local regulations and adapt intersectoral and sectoral requirements for production processes and equipment used.
A typical labor protection instruction includes the following parts:
- General OT requirements. Here they describe a list of requirements for a specialist: age, education, experience, rank. Compulsory entry and initial briefing. The duties of this position (profession) in relation to OT, the performance of the functional according to the job standard. Conditions for ensuring the safety of the employee;
- OT instructions at the beginning of the working day. The actions that an employee must perform to organize a safe work process are described: put on whole overalls, check the complete set and serviceability of tools, equipment, its grounding, remove unnecessary items from the workplace. Indicate the criteria by which the employee does not have the right to start performing his duties;
- Safety conditions for the performance of the work task. Indicate the production, technical procedures that must be followed in order to protect themselves and others from injuries, emergencies during the performance of work;
- OT requirements in case of an accident. They prescribe urgent actions that the employee must perform: stop his work, turn off the equipment, urgently report the incident to the manager, provide first aid in case of an accident, in case of fire - notify everyone, call firefighters;
- Instructions upon completion of work. They list the actions that must be performed: turn off the equipment, change the uniform, clean the workplace, report problems to the manager.
Instructions on labor protection by type of work by profession
The labor protection instruction for office workers includes the rules and norms of behavior that must be observed to ensure the safety of personal and colleagues. Its purpose is to organize work indoors with the exception of the possibility of injury and reduce the risk of occupational injury.
The order includes a list of requirements for employees handle equipment (PC), its serviceability, grounding. As well as the requirements for the workplace - the distance between tables, the number of people per 1m2, the number of office equipment and computers per 1m2, indicators of temperature, humidity, lighting, etc. Fire safety rules, personal hygiene and a number of other requests.
Job description for labor protection
To date, there is a large accumulated experience in OT. This greatly facilitates the work of the OT prescriptive service. There is a standard bank of such information.
A library of labor protection instructions for each employee. Using unified prescriptions, it is easy to draw up your production acts, adapting them to your technological processes and equipment.
Instruction on labor protection - sample 2018
The instruction on labor protection during mass events is suitable for matinees and evenings, festivals, competitions, olympiads and brain-rings, etc. events.
It includes the following prescriptions:
- Criteria for participants: age, mandatory briefing;
- Behavior rules;
- Rules of conduct in case of fire;
- Standards of conduct during the event;
- The presence of control over the situation in the person of observers, at least two people;
- How to behave in emergencies and accidents;
- In what condition to leave the venue after the end of the event.
Order on approval of labor protection instructions - sample
Working at height is a category of increased danger. Increased demands are placed on employees who perform it. The instruction on labor protection when working at height 2018 according to the new rules includes a detailed description of the requirements for employees to be allowed to perform the task, the frequency of retraining and briefings, and the necessary knowledge and skills.
An important part of the document has sections describing the state of the workplace, inventory, equipment, overalls, protective equipment. It also includes information on safety checks before starting the work order, specifications for the task, behavior in case of an accident, injury and accident, and procedures at the end of the working day.
Consider which legislative acts regulate safety instructions in the workplace:
- Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation informs that the employer is obliged to ensure the development and approval of labor protection rules and instructions for employees, taking into account the opinion of the trade union;
- the procedure for the development and approval of IOT for employees is specified in the Methodological recommendations for the development of state regulatory requirements for labor protection, approved. Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of December 17, 2002 No. 80;
- guidelines for the development of IOT are contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 03.03.2017 No. 15-2 / OOG-546.
What is this document
The Occupational Safety Instruction (IOT) is a local regulation that establishes specific responsibilities of the organization's employees to comply with the requirements for safe work. There are several types of instructions:
- by positions. For example, instructions for a teacher or for a cook;
- in the performance of specific work. For example, instructions on labor safety when performing earthworks;
- which contain the rules of conduct for personnel in the event of an emergency. For example, instructions for labor protection on anti-terrorist safety or in case of fire.
Requirements are mandatory, and non-compliance equates to violation of labor discipline.
What is important to understand when a job description is being developed: occupational health and safety is not limited to the presence of separate IOT. The employer is obliged to organize and conduct OSH training for his staff - there is an indication of this in Art. 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Who is developing
IOT for employees are developed by the heads of structural divisions of the organization, as they have all the information about the working conditions of their subordinates. Documents are approved by order of the employer after agreement with the trade union.
The development of the rules should be handled by the OHS service or engineer. But they only control the timely development, verification, approval of documents and provide methodological assistance to developers.
Development order
OHS guidelines (for example, an instruction on labor protection of the security service or any other) are developed in the following order:
- the employer issues an order and draws up a list of professions and types of work for which IOT is required;
- the list is approved by the employer;
- department heads develop IOT projects;
- projects are coordinated with the trade union or other authorized body of workers in the manner specified in Art. 372 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the adoption of local regulations;
- after agreement, they are approved by the head of the organization. The title page indicates the name of the organization, date, data on the persons who approved the document;
- employees, against signature, get acquainted with the documents they need for labor protection (including when hiring, transferring, briefings, making changes or introducing new ones);
- information about the rules is entered into a special IOT accounting journal (for more details about the journal, see Letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 15, 2016 No. 15-2 / OOG-3318).
When developing documents, consider:
- requirements contained in intersectoral or sectoral standard guidelines on OT;
- requirements for safe operation set out in the operation and repair manuals by equipment manufacturers and in the technological documentation of the enterprise, taking into account specific production conditions;
- materials of accidents that occurred at the enterprise, in order to avoid their recurrence.
Update
Once every five years, checks are carried out, and, if necessary, a review of the ITS for the relevance of the requirements contained therein.
Before the expiration of the specified period, the OT guide is changed if:
- changes were made to the intersectoral and sectoral rules of labor protection, standard instructions;
- working conditions have changed;
- new technologies and equipment have been introduced;
- such a need is confirmed by the results of the analysis of accidents at work, accidents, occupational diseases;
- received a request from the government.
If the employee's working conditions have not changed during the period of validity of the OT manual, then the validity of the document is extended for the next period.
Structure and content of the IOT
Any OT manual should contain:
- instructions for labor protection - general safety requirements;
- OT requirements before starting work;
- OT requirements during work;
- procedure for emergency situations;
- OT requirements at the end of work.
Details are shown in the table:
Instructions for labor safety and sanitary standards when working with a PC
Storage rules
IOT operating in the structural unit and their list should be kept by the head of the unit. It should be especially noted that the documents must be available to employees for review.
Responsibility for the lack of IOT
Every budgetary organization should have health and safety manuals. The availability of documents will be checked by the labor inspectorate.
If the inspectors reveal their absence, the organization will have to pay a fine under Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - from 50,000 to 80,000 rubles.
A repeated violation entails liability in the form of a suspension of activities for 90 days or a fine in the amount of 100,000 rubles. up to 200,000.
Among the various corporate acts, mandatory ones stand out first of all, the existence of which is provided for at the legislative level. These include, in particular, the rules and instructions for labor protection.
Download for viewing and printing:
Regulation of labor protection
Labor protection is the most important direction in every company, especially where there is own production or there are any negative factors.
The basis is:
- thematic normative briefing;
- personal and group professional, job manuals.
In addition, it is required to develop a procedure for instructing personnel on the topic of labor protection.
Sample instructions for labor protection
Types of standards
Normatively, the system of preservation of the physical health of personnel is a set of legal norms aimed at creating safe working conditions.
These rules are set out in:
- domestic legislation;
- technical safety rules;
- collective agreements;
- departmental guidelines and regulations.
- Regulations governing the preparation of plans and the actual organization of work processes in companies.
- Norms and rules on technical safety and industrial sanitation.
- Standards defining social benefits and compensation for being in unhealthy conditions while working.
- Regulations governing the powers of supervisory structures and monitoring the preservation of favorable working conditions.
- Standards fixing the legal responsibility of officials for violation of established legal requirements.
Who develops instructions
Develop and approve a labor protection manual - the responsibility of the employer(Article 212 of the Labor Code).
The staff, in turn, must read their instructions in a timely manner. This must be done even before signing an individual labor contract or at the same time (Article 68 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
Attention! An employee can start his direct work only after a briefing with him.
There should be a corresponding entry in the register or journal of the employer about the briefing. Usually, for these purposes, they acquire a separate register / journal. Or it is permissible to create an introductory sheet directly in the rules (instructions) on paper.
In addition, it is allowed to receive receipts from each employee, which indicates: who, when, what is familiar with. This is confirmed by the personal signature of the familiarized employee. Such receipts are attached to the rules (personal, collective instructions).
A manual is developed for each position in the state, profession involved in the company, or type of work performed.
Attention! The employer develops and approves the rules, briefings on labor protection for personnel, taking into account the opinion of the trade union or other authorized representative body on the part of the workers (part 22 of article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Download for viewing and printing:
Registration of acts of labor protection
According to Art. 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, state labor protection standards are mandatory for legal entities and individuals when they perform any kind of business, including:
- design, construction (reconstruction) and use of facilities;
- assembly design;
- technical equipment;
- development of production and labor processes.
State labor protection standards are contained in:
- labor safety standards,
- rules and standard manuals on labor protection,
- state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (SNiPah, sanitary standards, rules and hygienic standards that establish requirements for factors in the industrial environment and the labor process).
Employer's obligations
With all employees and personnel transferred to another job, the employer or his authorized person must:
- Conduct safety training.
- Organize training:
- safe work practices;
- providing first aid to the injured.
In case of harmful activities (taking into account the negative impact there), the employer is obliged to teach safe methods of work with internships at the workplace and passing exams, as well as to conduct timely thematic training with knowledge testing within the entire working period.
Obligations of the employer (correlated with the rights of the staff):
- to provide workplaces with a condition that is safe for the health and life of people,
- carry out timely medical examinations of employees at the expense of the company;
- conduct briefings on the rules and safety measures, as well as carry out certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions in a timely manner.
Legal status of personnel in the field of labor protection
The working staff has the right to:
- workplaces free from exposure to hazardous and harmful factors,
- informing about the state of their working conditions;
- provision of personal protective equipment at the expense of the employer;
- inspection of working conditions at the workplace by the relevant state and public control services.
The employee is obliged:
- comply with established rules and regulations,
- comply with medical recommendations;
- notify management (in person) of a hazardous situation;
- immediately report an accident at work.
Rules for processing documents on labor protection
Labor protection rules can be industry-wide or inter-sectoral. On their basis, industry rules and instructions on labor protection are developed, and on the basis of the latter, local rules and instructions are formed.
Model instructions are approved at the federal level with prior consultation with trade unions, taking into account the duration of the relevant rules. Local OSH instructions are developed on the basis of intersectoral and sectoral OSH rules and should not contradict them.
Approval of instructions for personnel is carried out by the OT service in the log book.
Control over the implementation of instructions for personnel is assigned to:
- management of companies and their structural divisions;
- heads of workshops (sections);
- foremen.
Instructions for workers of workshops (departments, laboratories) on the basis of an order (instruction) of the head of the enterprise are developed by the heads of workshops, departments, laboratories.
Control and assistance in the development of instructions is carried out by the OT service.
Approximate content of instructions
Instructions for personnel are approved by the company's management after prior consultation with:
- Trade unions.
- OT service.
- Other entities at the discretion of the OT department.
Each instruction must have an individual number and name.
Typical instructions and instructions for personnel should contain the following sections (taking into account the technical processes and conditions for the implementation of certain activities):
- general safety requirements;
- safety requirements before starting work:
- safety requirements during work;
- safety requirements in emergency situations;
- safety requirements after work.
A sample of standard instructions can be found on thematic sites, including our website.
Rules for issuance and storage
The management of the division of the company must keep a set of current instructions for personnel of all professions on an ongoing basis, as well as a list of these instructions approved by the management.
Instructions may be issued to personnel:
- on hand against receipt in a personal briefing card for study during the initial briefing;
- hang out at workplaces or sites;
- be kept in an accessible place.
Checking the current instructions is carried out at least 1 time in 5 years, and for activities with increased danger - at least 1 time in 3 years.
If the working conditions and industry rules have not changed, then an administrative order is issued to extend their validity.
Responsibility for violation of labor protection
OSH rules and regulations are of an imperative legal nature, their failure to comply is considered as a violation of labor discipline. It is the responsibility of the administration to conduct safety briefings for personnel.
Officials guilty of violating the considered requirements of the current legislation bear legal responsibility:
- disciplinary - in the form of the application of various disciplinary sanctions;
- administrative - in the form of monetary fines and other varieties of administrative coercion;
- material - through compensation for the damage caused;
- criminal, for committed illegal criminally punishable acts.
Watch a video on how to develop an instruction
The employer must be instructed to:
- About first aid.
- On fire safety.
- For each position.
- In the most traumatic areas of activity (when working with electricity, at height, on vehicles, etc.)
The obligation to develop this document is enshrined in Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Neglect on the part of the employer is punishable by a fine of up to 200 thousand rubles or imprisonment for up to 5 years. For workers, ignoring the provisions of labor protection can be deadly.
Development
The development of OT instructions is carried out on the basis of intersectoral or industry standard instructions. For example, a standard instruction on labor protection for a baker was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of May 24, 2002 No. 36 “On approval of intersectoral standard instructions ...”
In the absence of regulatory documents that approve intersectoral or sectoral requirements for safe working conditions, these regulatory documents are developed on the basis of the safety requirements set forth in the operational documentation supplied with the equipment.
The procedure for developing documents is determined by the employer, who can independently deal with this issue, or can instruct a specially appointed employee (as a rule, an occupational safety engineer, whose job description contains a corresponding duty).
Typical job description for a labor protection specialist
The position of an OT specialist is created in an organization if the number of staff units is more than 50 (Article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If the number of employees is less, the employer is not obliged to introduce the specified position, but this does not mean that he has less responsibility to ensure safe working conditions for his subordinates. All responsibility lies with the employer.
Professional standard Occupational safety specialist
When developing regulations governing the safe work of employees, it is advisable to be guided by the provisions of the Methodological Recommendations approved by the Ministry of Labor on May 13, 2004.
Documents on safe working conditions are developed for 5 years. After this time, they are subject to revision.
They must be processed ahead of time if:
- revision of intersectoral or sectoral agreements;
- changes in working conditions of employees;
- introduction of new equipment and technologies;
- occurrence of accidents;
- instructions from the regulatory authorities.
If none of the above has happened in 5 years, the instruction is extended for the next 5 years.
Preparation of documents on work safety
The OT regulation should contain sections with safety requirements:
- general section;
- before starting work;
- during work;
- in emergency situations;
- upon completion of work.
Additional sections can be included as needed.
For new capacities being put into operation, it is allowed to develop and apply temporary regulations for employees, which must ensure the safe conduct of production processes and the safe operation of equipment.
Sample instructions for labor protection for office workers
Work safety regulations for all positions of employees and all types of activities at the enterprise are approved by the general director (if there is a trade union, you should first coordinate everything with it; if the labor protection specialist believes that some instructions need to be coordinated with any specialized institution, also need to do it).
List of labor protection instructions
All developed and approved normative acts regulating the safety of work are subject to registration and issuance.
The first journal (accounting) is kept in accordance with Appendix No. 2 to the Methodological Recommendations dated 05/13/2004, its form is as follows:
Log Form
With the requirements of the documents regulating the safety of work, employees must be familiarized against signature. This does not mean that every employee needs to study all the regulatory documents in this area. This means that the employee must be familiar with those provisions of regulatory documents that relate directly to his professional activities. However, there are documents with which all employees must be familiarized - these are regulations on first aid and fire safety.
Familiarization of employees with documents on the safety of work must be recorded; for this, the second form of the journal is provided (Appendix No. 3 to the Methodological recommendations of 05/13/2004)
Issuance log form
If opportunities allow, it is advisable for employees to hand out copies of regulations governing work safety.
- study of these documents is mandatory for employees;
- familiarization is provided by the employer.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the employer's regulatory documents should be considered as a violation of labor discipline.
Hello everyone! How is your weekend? Back to work tomorrow 🙁
Now I have a season of instructions 🙂 I am reworking instructions on labor protection, briefing programs, questionnaires for testing knowledge. In this regard, the topic for this article was born. This article will be useful not only for department heads, but also for labor protection specialists who, for whatever reason, have to write labor protection instructions themselves.
I faced the problem that almost all the instructions for labor protection in my organization are written incorrectly. It even got to the point that the company has the same instructions under different numbers and with the signatures of different heads of departments. Rave.
Let's start with the fact that, naturally, instructions should be developed by the heads of departments. Labor protection only coordinates them. In practice, I observe that it is much easier for an occupational safety engineer to develop instructions himself. By the way, very often, this actually happens.
Undoubtedly, department heads are aware of how their employees work safely. They have invaluable experience in practical work and they personally monitor the work of subordinates. But, often, they simply do not have time to formalize their ideas on the safe conduct of work in the instructions for labor protection. This is where mindless copying of ready-made instructions from the Internet, verbatim rewriting of operating manuals for equipment, etc. begins. heresy. As a result, we see an instruction on labor protection, which describes not what how not to die while working with equipment, and then how to work with equipment, its technological parameters, etc. Half of the instruction tells the employee what he must do at work in order to turn in the plan and leave the workplace at 17.00. Root it out! V instructions for labor protection should not be anything superfluous! Only what will help the worker get the job done safely. The employee must know the safety requirements in the part that concerns him! Our business is to identify the reasons why a worker can get injured or die, and methods that can prevent this.
This is a prelude, and now I want to offer you specific advice on how to correctly draw up a high-quality labor protection instruction so that you don’t have to blush in front of a labor inspector later.
- First, decide if you are writing instructions on labor protection for the profession, or write it for the type of work . For example, the instruction for an electric and gas welder is applicable only to an electric and gas welder, and the instruction on labor protection when working at height is applicable to different professions of workers. This approach will help you in the future to competently draw up a program of primary briefing for an employee.
- Find in the bases of legal documents (Consultant+, Guarantor, etc.) the one you are interested in standard instructions for labor protection, if it certainly exists in nature. Avoid looking for typical instructions in "these internets of yours" :), because they tend to expire. Do not forget that standard instructions explain general safety requirements and do not take into account the specifics of your particular enterprise.
- Thoroughly "work" the head of the department. Find out what work the employee does and what equipment he uses. If he starts to “snarl” and say that this is not his job, remind him that this is just his job, and you only have to agree. *This item is for occupational safety professionals.
- Raise the operating manuals for equipment, tools, materials, and if they contain the section "Safety requirements at work" - feel free to use it in your labor protection instructions. In no case do not write how easy it is to do work on equipment, write how to do it safely. This is an important rule.
- Try not to write in the instructions that the worker must know fire safety rules, first aid rules, etc. These are empty words that simply lengthen the instructions for labor protection. That's what everyone knows. This is stated in the relevant instructions. Try to get away from general phrases when writing instructions, this can play a bad joke in case of an accident with an employee.
- Do not forget to indicate at the end of the first section of the labor protection instruction (you didn’t forget that the labor protection instruction consists of five sections?) that “the employee is responsible for failure to comply with the requirements of this instruction in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.” It's a little discipline.
- Do not forget to indicate in the instructions that the employee must use the received overalls, safety shoes and other PPE for the intended purpose.
- Do not write in the first section of the instructions what the employee must do in case of an accident, fire or accident. It's all in the emergency section.
- Do not forget to write in the first section (or preface) the instructions on the basis of which legal documents this instruction is drawn up.
- Remember to combine instructions into one, if necessary. For example, if the safety requirements for working with equipment are so small that they are not worth a separate instruction, add this material to the occupational safety instructions for the profession.
- Do not forget to include in the instructions the signature of the head of the trade union or other representative body of workers.
Summing up the above, I repeat: write in the instructions on the merits, do not dilute the “water”, be a minimalist and put yourself in the place of the employee for whom you are developing the instruction on labor protection.
Thank you for your attention and have a great week ahead. 🙂
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