In Soviet times, a citizen without a propiska was considered virtually “non-existent”. The stamp was affixed in the passport, without it it was impossible to get a job, register children in kindergarten and school, the rights guaranteed by the Constitution were not available.
In 1993, in Russia, the concept of "propiska" was abolished, it was replaced by registration. But for citizens, the question of whether registration at the place of residence is mandatory sometimes remains unclear.
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Thus, the legislator determined that every citizen and visitor has the right to free movement within the country, he can independently choose where to live. But the obligation is to register where he will actually live.
You can register temporarily, for a certain period, it depends on the time of stay in a new place, it must be more than 3 months.
For example, a Russian citizen came to rest in another region or to relatives, to a place of temporary employment. This also applies to foreigners, their registration can only be temporary. Permanently a person must be registered at the place of residence, that is, where he is all the time. Registration is required regardless of age.
Thanks to registration, the state can regulate the financing of settlements, determine the amount of funds needed for social payments, and resolve other financial issues.
Knowing the number of residents, you can determine how many clinics, kindergartens and schools will need to be built in one city, roads will be laid, public transport will be launched, and much more. Thus, this provision is defined by legislative norms, for failure to comply with the registration regime, an administrative fine is threatened for citizens and owners of housing in which they live.
Should it match
In 1995, a Government Decree determined that a person must live where he registered, regardless of whether it is temporary or permanent. If he permanently resides in one place, but for a certain period it is necessary to go to another, then he should not be removed from the permanent register, you just need to become a temporary one.
Temporary registration cannot cancel permanent registration, however, according to the law, a person must be registered where he is at the moment, and vice versa
Legal basis
In the Constitution, Art. 27 refers to freedom of movement for citizens of the Russian Federation throughout the country and their right to choose a place to live. Departure from the country and re-entry also cannot be impeded.
Visitors with the appropriate documents can also stay on the territory of Russia without hindrance. The exceptions are cases when the legislator restricts stay in certain territories.
Each person who is in Russia must be accounted for, which means that he is required to notify the state authorities of his location. The address of the place of residence by law must match the actual location of the person, but in practice this is not always the case. This is especially true for persons who have a permanent residence permit in one place, but live in another without temporary registration.
In the Civil Code, in Art. 20 it is determined that the place of residence of a person is the room where he is almost constantly. This is the address where you need to register permanently.
child age up to 14 years old must also be permanently registered with the legal representatives of the minor - parents, adoptive parents, guardians. Permanent registration can be changed to temporary in certain situations. It is assumed that when the situation changes, the person will return to his place of permanent residence.
The place of permanent registration is affixed in the passport with a corresponding mark, and for temporary registration a certificate is issued for a certain period.
A monetary penalty is imposed in accordance with Art. 19.15 for accommodation not at the place of registration, as well as the absence of:
- passports;
- marks of permanent registration;
- temporary certificate.
If the owner of the premises provided shelter to the person who committed the crime, and at the same time did not register him, then he can be held criminally liable.
Permanent and temporary registration is issued not only for living in privatized housing, but also for municipal, departmental and other. The basis for temporary stay is usually an agreement that the tenant concludes with the owner or landlord.
But if we are talking about a long-term lease, then the legislator equates registration with a permanent one.
Is it always necessary to register at the place of residence?
Is registration at the place of residence mandatory if a person owns several residential premises. Yes, but he is required to register permanently only in one residential area, according to the law, it is impossible in several places.
When a permanent registration is already in place and new housing is being purchased, then it is enough for the owner to have only documents for the property, and if you wish to register in a new place, you should check out from the old one.
When changing your passport
The passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation is issued to each person who has reached 14 years. The registration procedure takes place in the FMS.
You can get a document at the place of permanent registration and temporary residence, in the same way, the legislator provides for registration when a document needs to be changed.
Order No. 391 (2012) states that a passport must be issued at the place where a citizen applies for it.
It is allowed not only to change the passport upon the arrival of a certain period, but also the Russian one, when:
- surname changes;
- comes 20 or 45 years old;
- the document is stolen or lost.
It should be noted that changing the passport at the place of temporary registration, when it contains a permanent mark, the receipt of a new document will be delayed for a longer period. At this time, the citizen will need to use a temporary certificate.
A citizen can apply to the FMS when the document is stolen or lost, in this case, the application is usually issued at the scene of the actual incident, and not at the place of registration. Additionally, you must file a police report.
If a citizen does not have a permanent residence permit in his passport, then, most likely, the FMS will refuse him, and documents for issuing a new one will not be accepted, although this is illegal. In this case, the person concerned should be asked to issue a written waiver of IC representation.
For temporary
Temporary registration in a new place is necessary when a person plans to stay there for more than 90 days, in any residential area, be it:
- private house;
- apartment;
- office space, which is equipped for housing;
- public premises (hotel, sanatorium, hostel, nursing home, etc.).
On the one hand, a citizen who has a place of permanent residence is obliged to register in a new place for temporary residence, but, on the other hand, it is not always possible to prove that he does not live at the place of registration.
You can refuse the procedure for citizens who have a permanent residence permit, who:
- live in rented housing in another city, but do not need, for example, benefits, visits to a state medical institution;
- live in another room with strangers or relatives within the same locality.
If a citizen knows that he will need to apply for free medical care in a new place, receive benefits, register children in a kindergarten or school, get a job, then it is better to comply with the requirements of the law.
It should be borne in mind that for temporary registration, an adult always needs to have grounds, most often this is the consent of the owner of the home and other residents, a child up to 14 years old prescribed automatically with mother or father.
For permanent
A permanent residence permit is required for every citizen of the Russian Federation, starting from birth. It is required to issue a newborn, for example, within a month, and an adult for 7 days if he moved to a new location. If, when submitting documents, one of the necessary documents is not in hand, the procedure will take longer.
You can register and permanently reside:
- in a room that is personal property;
- a relative who does not object and the premises is his property often needs to attach a document confirming the relationship;
- strangers, when the premises are their property, should not have any objections from other residents;
- in other cases provided by law.
Having a permanent residence permit and living at the place of registration, a citizen of the Russian Federation will not have problems with the implementation of the rights granted by the state.
Underage child
Legal representatives are required to register a child at the place where they:
- registered permanently;
- are temporarily.
A minor must be registered and live where both parents or one are. After the birth of the child in the maternity hospital, a birth certificate is issued, and a certificate is issued on its basis within a month. At the same time, the child must be registered.
If the application is submitted by the mother, wishing to register the child in the room where she herself is registered without his father, then the consent of the second parent is not required. Whether they are married or not.
When the child is more than 1 month old, it is possible to prescribe it at the place of residence of the father or mother only with the consent of the second spouse. Written or oral consent is required whether the parents are married or divorced.
For example, a child was registered with his parents, but after a divorce, the mother wants to move to another room and register him there. If the father does not agree, a court order will be required, because the minor must be with the adult who is raising him.
The same is the case with temporary registration, when the family moves to a new place, consent is not required. But if one of the parents wishes to register the child in a new place with him, then the FMS will require the consent of the second parent.
It is possible to register a child with relatives or strangers alone without parents only after 14 years. The procedure has its own nuances, for example, not only their presence at the registration authority, but also written consent, as well as other papers, may be required.
The terms of registration at the place of permanent or temporary registration, as well as for adults, are 7 days.
In different situations, the package of documents may differ, it depends on:
- whether the parents are married;
- where the child is registered;
- what are the conditions for registration;
- how old is the child;
- etc.
Registration is carried out without the consent of the owner and persons living in the premises, if one or both parents are already registered there, regardless of whether it is a temporary stay or permanent residence. A mark on a permanent residence permit is not put on the certificate of the child, but with temporary registration it is put down.
When it may be required
Every citizen must have a permanent registration mark in his passport; in other cases, he must have a temporary certificate in his hands, which can be checked at any time.
Registration may be needed by any citizen in certain life situations, the most common are:
- registration of children in a general educational institution;
- receiving free medical care;
- passing a medical examination;
- employment registration;
- company registration.
Apparatus employed
In the TC, in Art. 65 the legislator specifies the list of documents required for employment. One of them is a passport or another identity card. The mark of permanent registration is affixed precisely in the passport, but as it is written in Art. 64 employment cannot depend on it.
The employer does not have the right to restrict the rights of a citizen when concluding an employment contract because of his gender, nationality, race and place of residence. The presence of temporary or permanent registration, its absence cannot be a condition for refusal to perform work duties.
In practice, in some cases, things happen a little differently. Despite the law, employers often demand that the future employee of the company live where the company is located, categorically refusing to take non-residents.
It is out of the question that a person living in Russia is not registered anywhere, and such a citizen will not be hired
For kindergarten and school
In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Art. 43 enshrined the rights of every child living in the territory of the Russian Federation to visit a preschool institution. Art. 31 speaks of the compulsory education that a child must receive at school.
For kindergarten, parents will be required that the child be registered temporarily or permanently at the place where the institution is located. If the baby enters the kindergarten at the place of his permanent residence, then there will be no problems at all with the refusal.
But it is not uncommon for parents to rent an apartment in another city or move there for employment. They are obliged to register the child there as temporarily as they are themselves. Having presented a birth certificate with a note of temporary stay in this city upon admission, the administration will also not make any claims.
Although the law does not state that a child should be refused if he does not have temporary or permanent registration, which is very rare. But in practice, this is exactly what happens.
Based on the provisions of internal regulations, it makes the same requirements as. No one wants to take a child without registration, so parents are denied. But it is necessary to take into account that you can get on the queue for admission in advance.
If, for example, the landlord refuses to register the family or one of the parents, and even more so the child, the justifying document for the administration of the educational institution may be the lease agreement for the residential premises where the family plans to stay.
In other cases, the issues of admission to kindergarten and school are decided on an individual basis during an interview with the administration.
To the medical board
To date, car owners are allowed to pass exams and get rights in any department, regardless of where the car will be registered. But for their extension each time it is necessary to pass a medical examination.
You can get through all the necessary specialists free of charge only at the medical institution at the place of registration, where a citizen lives permanently or temporarily.
You can also pass a medical commission to verify that a person can drive a vehicle in a paid clinic that has a valid document for the provision of medical services.
But it is possible to pass such doctors as a narcologist and a psychiatrist only at the place of permanent registration. If a citizen lives in another city or region, then you will have to go to the place of permanent registration for a certificate.
But issues are also resolved at the place of temporary residence, for this it is necessary to find a clinic and doctors who will agree to conduct an examination. Therefore, it is possible today to change rights or renew at the place where a person actually lives.
This can be done even by a foreign citizen who, in addition to all the necessary documents, will present not a Russian passport, but a foreign one.
The question will be more difficult if there is no registration, but we can also solve it for a fee. Every driver needs to remember that, according to the law, it is impossible to renew a driver's license for a person without registration.
Reservations for IP
One of the pressing issues for businessmen is the registration of an enterprise or individual activity not at the place of registration. On the basis of Federal Law No. 129, entrepreneurial activity must be registered with the tax office, to which the address of the citizen's permanent residence is geographically related.
To register, the entrepreneur submits certain documents, one of which is a copy of all pages of the passport, including the one where the registration is. It is also desirable for an individual entrepreneur to choose a taxation system at the stage of opening a business.
After registration, the IP will also be registered with local budgetary and non-budgetary funds. If a citizen chooses in advance a system of a single tax on temporary income (UTII), then he will be able to register his activity at a distance from his place of permanent registration.
But this requires that:
- this system of taxation was in force in the territory where he plans to do business;
- entrepreneurial activity must be permitted for UTII.
Based on Art. 346 An entrepreneur may conduct commercial activities far from the place of permanent registration, for example, where:
- the enterprise is located;
- activities are underway;
- he actually lives.
It is also possible to engage in commercial activities in several cities at the same time or regions, in one settlement, in which several branches of the National Assembly are located. Then you can register a business in any branch that is closest to the place of doing business.
If an entrepreneur does not have any registration, then by law he cannot register a business.
When submitting documents, the National Assembly is interested in the fact of registration of a person in the territory of the Russian Federation in general, this should be a permanent registration in a passport or a certificate confirming temporary stay in any locality.
Place of residence is housing in which a person lives as an owner, under a lease (sublease) agreement, under a specialized residential premises lease agreement or on any other basis permanently (mainly). The place of stay is, accordingly, the housing that a person occupies on the same grounds, but temporarily.
The change of residence must be reported to the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs within seven days. Registration at the place of residence is only necessary if you plan to live in a new place for more than 90 days.
Registration, both at the place of residence and at the place of stay, is carried out within a period of three to eight days, depending on the method of submission of documents.
2. Do I need the consent of other tenants to register at the place of residence?
If the property is privately owned and you are the owner (or owner of a share in it), you do not need to get anyone's consent. If you do not even own a share in the premises, you can register in it at the place of residence only with the consent of all owners. The consent of the owners is expressed in writing at a personal appointment with the registration authorities. If the owner does not have the opportunity to be present in person, he can issue a notarized consent.
If you are a tenant of housing that is state or municipal property, under a rental agreement, social tenancy or gratuitous use, you also do not need to obtain the consent of other tenants. If you are not specified in the contract of employment, social employment or gratuitous use, you can register in a residential building at the place of residence only in the following cases:
- if you are a child (under 14 years old) of the tenant of the premises;
- if you are another member of the employer's family and all parties to the contract of employment, social employment or gratuitous use do not object to your registration and The department has the right to prohibit your move-in to a dwelling if after that the total area per person is less than the allowance (for apartments it is 10 square meters, for communal apartments - 18 square meters).(represented by the Department of City Property of Moscow).
The consent of the family members of the tenant of the housing provided to you (who have reached the age of 14) is expressed in writing at a personal appointment. If it is not possible to attend in person, consent can be notarized.
3. What documents are needed?
To register at your place of residence, you will need:
- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- international passport - for persons permanently residing outside the Russian Federation.
To register a minor child under 14 at the place of residence, simultaneously with the application for registration at the place of residence, the legal representative will need:
- birth certificate of a child under the age of 14;
- identity document of the legal representative;
- act of the body of guardianship and guardianship on the appointment of a guardian or custodian (when establishing guardianship or guardianship) - if necessary.
If there are several owners, each of them must submit a package of documents.
">To the homeowner or A package of documents must also be submitted by all adult members of his family. "> to the employer(if you are not the owner or are not specified in the rental agreement), in turn, you will need:- identity document;
- a document confirming the right to own this housing.
4. Where to apply?
You can apply for registration at the place of residence:
5. How to register for a child?
The place of residence or stay of minors under 14 years of age, or citizens under guardianship, is the place of residence or stay of their legal representatives - parents, adoptive parents or guardians.
For registration of children under 14 years of age and incapacitated citizens at the place of residence of legal representatives - parents (one of the parents), adoptive parents or guardians, the consent of homeowners is not required. Accordingly, their presence during the submission of documents is not required. Registration is carried out at the request of a legal representative. Registration of children over 14 years of age is carried out on a general basis.
A mark on registration for children under 14 years of age is not put in an identity document. Instead, a certificate of registration at the place of residence or stay is issued.
6. How to register a student and a military man?
Soldiers register:
- at the place of residence - on a general basis (with the exception of soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen who are conscripted for military service);
- at the place of stay - if you have a vacation ticket or travel certificate (if the period of vacation or business trip exceeds 90 days).
Military personnel who have entered military service under a contract, as well as officers undergoing military service by conscription, and members of their families, before receiving housing, are registered by the registration authorities at the place of deployment of military units.
Registration at the place of residence
The place of temporary residence itself can be different: this is housing rented under a social / commercial contract; these are rest houses, hotels, campsites, hospitals (in case of long-term treatment); these are nursing homes and other social institutions, in which a citizen can, due to objective reasons, stay for quite a long time.
Temporary registration is not required (but possible) in the following cases:
- if a citizen lives at any address within the region where he has a permanent registration;
- if a citizen lives in Moscow or the Moscow region, and at the same time he has a permanent registration in Moscow and the region;
- if a citizen lives in St. Petersburg or the Leningrad region, and at the same time has a permanent residence permit on the territory of St. Petersburg or the Leningrad region;
- if a citizen lives on the territory of the Republic of Crimea or in Sevastopol, and has registration at the place of residence in these subjects.
Failure to comply with the obligation to register a citizen can be fined (more on this below).
Registration issues on the territory of Russia are dealt with by the Department of Internal Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Department of Internal Migration). This department replaced the previously existing FMS.
It should be noted that temporary registration is absolutely free of charge, as well as deregistration. In this case, the citizen is not removed from the register at the place of residence. And in order to apply for a temporary residence permit, it is not necessary to wait 90 days - this can be done earlier.
How is temporary registration done?
Temporary registration at the place of stay can be issued in several ways:
- Personally (by submitting the necessary documents to the territorial division of the UVM).
- By mail.
- Through a single portal of public services.
When submitting documents for registration in person, you must submit the following package of documents:
- application in form No. 1 (the form will be issued at the UVM or it can be downloaded on the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and filled out in advance);
- the passport;
- a document that is the basis for temporary registration (for example, a commercial lease agreement);
- the consent of certain persons to move in (the landlord and citizens living with the tenant - when moving into an apartment located in a social lease; all participants in shared ownership).
For registration of temporary registration, as a general rule, the presence of the owner of the housing is required. The UVM employee must make sure that the document-base is signed by him. There is only one exception - if the document certifying the right to reside is notarized (or a notarized copy is presented).
When submitting documents by mail, you need:
- applications in the form No. 1PR;
- copy of the passport;
- a notarized copy of the document-grounds for moving in;
- notarized consent of the above persons to move in.
For registration of temporary registration through the State Services, a verified profile on the portal is required. Need to submit:
Don't know your rights?
- application in form No. 1;
- a copy of the passport;
- a copy of the basis document for registration;
- the consent of the above persons, signed by their EDS or EDS of a notary;
- arrival status sheet (if registration is issued for a period of more than 9 months).
Within 3 working days, the documents are considered, and then the UVM issues a certificate of registration at the place of residence. At the request of the applicant, it can be sent by mail, and not handed out personally. The owner is notified of the registration.
There is only one exception for the terms of consideration of documents - if the basis for moving in was a social lease agreement, and at the same time it is not submitted to the UVM, but only its details are indicated. For additional verification of the facts indicated in the application, the UVM required
Temporary registration for citizens of the Russian Federation: the subtleties of the procedure
It is possible to issue temporary registration in a residential building only if the following persons agree:
- if we are talking about state or municipal housing stock, the consent of the tenant and all adult citizens living with him is required. At the same time, on the basis of Article 80 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, notification of a new temporary tenant of the landlord is mandatory!
Temporary registration in such housing stock is possible for no more than 6 months in a row. But even in this case, the landlord may prohibit the registration of temporary registration of citizens in these premises due to the fact that the norms of housing, designed for one person, will be reduced;
- legal entity owning housing stock;
- direct owners of premises;
- board of a housing cooperative (provided that the member of the cooperative is not the owner of the premises).
As a general rule, registration of children under the age of majority at the place of residence of the parents is carried out without their consent.
The consent of the homeowner is made in writing and certified by a notary or directly at the UVM in his presence.
And now let's touch on the issues from the owner of the premises. 
The lease agreement is concluded, a new tenant has appeared in the apartment. But, despite the initially good opinion, he did not justify the hopes of the landlord. The question arises: how to evict him?
To begin with, try to have a constructive dialogue, during which give good reasons why the citizen should leave. If this option does not help, go to court.
Temporary registration terminates automatically - after the expiration of the period specified in the application. But in case of early termination of registration, a citizen must apply to the UVM in order to be deregistered at the place of temporary residence.
Violation of the terms of temporary registration
For non-compliance with the requirements of the legislation on registration at a temporary place of residence, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the following fines:
- For citizens who have not registered, the amount of the fine is from 2,000 to 3,000 rubles; for Moscow and St. Petersburg - from 3,000 to 5,000 rubles;
Stay registered at the address where the person lives permanently. She is of an indefinite nature.
Permanent registration is done to themselves and their family members, or owners of apartments, or living under a social contract of employment.
Article 19.15. Residence of a citizen of the Russian Federation without an identity document of a citizen (passport)
- Living at the place of stay or at the place of residence in a dwelling of a citizen of the Russian Federation who is obliged to have an identity document of a citizen (passport), without an identity document of a citizen (passport), or on an invalid identity document of a citizen (passport) - entails imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of two thousand to three thousand rubles.
- The violation provided for by paragraph 1 of this article, committed in the federal city of Moscow or St. Petersburg - shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of three thousand to five thousand roubles.
This, however, does not apply to spouses and family members who have the right to reside in the same territory.
It is worth remembering that cohabitants or incorrectly called "common-law spouses" are not included in this category.
Registered in:
- ZhEU (passport office);
- passport office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (former migration service);
- portal of the State Service.
- application for registration ( and ), filled in by the owner and the applicant;
- departure sheet ( and );
- documents on the ownership of the apartment;
- (or registered - if the housing is municipal);
- extract from the house book, a copy of the personal account (for municipal housing);
- identity cards of the participants of the procedure.
There is no registration fee. The duration of the procedure is up to seven days, after which the citizen’s passport is “decorated” with a permanent registration stamp, and in the case of a temporary one, it is handed out.
- take care of the property provided to him;
- pay utility bills;
- participate in the general costs of maintaining the house.
Registration at the place of residence and foreign citizens
Any guest from abroad is obliged to register at the place of stay within 7 working days. He is obligated to this by the very fact of being in the Russian Federation.
Arriving from a visa-free country a 90-day stay without notice has been established with the possibility of extending the visa.
The host may be the owner of the dwelling, as well as the administration of the hotel, hostel, medical and preventive or other institution where he lives.
All that remains for him to do is present your passport and issue a notice of arrival( and ).
The rest - falls on the receiving party (the basis is the Administrative Regulations for the provision of public services, Temporary registration of foreign citizens at the place of stay through the Russian Post is described where foreigners make temporary registration and draw up citizens of the Russian Federation, read that if registration at the place of stay of a foreign citizen is overdue or citizen of the Russian Federation, described in.
As it becomes clear, there is nothing difficult in permanent registration - unless, of course, you are a foreign citizen who intends to permanently settle in Russia and who needs a permanent residence permit.
But here it is quite achievable.- you just need to clearly decide which option is right for you.
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