The use of climate weapons per year. The main problem of climate weapons remains their cost.

The strangeness of the Moscow weather provokes conspiracy theorists to talk about a climate weapon that can cause damage to a country, people or territory. The development of such weapons was indeed carried out, and before that considerable funds were pumped into them. But where is the line that separates fantasy from science?

Someone talks about the "weather gun" as a joke, thereby reacting to dank despondency (an option for the South of Russia is wild heat). Someone talks about the dangers of "climatic" and - in a broader version - "geophysical" in all seriousness, although there is no data on more or less promising developments in this area is not, as it was not. Except for a couple of special cases.

From the Viet Cong to Chernobyl

Only one case of practical influence on the weather with the aim of causing damage to a military and political enemy is known for certain. This is "Operation Popeye" (named after the famous cartoon character), carried out by the United States in Vietnam from 1967 to 1972. During the rainy season (March to November), military transport planes flying inside the clouds scattered silver iodide, resulting in heavy rainfall. The technology was tested in 1966 on the territory of neighboring Laos on the Bulaven Plateau in the Kong River Valley, and the government of the then neutral Laos was not informed.

Initially, this was a pure experiment, led by Dr. nuclear weapons. The results of the operation were considered unsatisfactory, even though the rainfall actually fell three times as much and the "Ho Chi Minh trail" was partially flooded, as were some of the tunnels that the Vietnamese guerrillas used for supplies and movement. The problem is the short duration of the effect, which did not have a decisive influence on the course of the war. Bulldozers were both cheaper and more efficient.

Contrary to the traditional presentation of conspiracy theories, it was not all that secret. Research in the field of the so-called active influence on the climatic environment has been carried out since the 1930s. And the effect of silver iodide was discovered back in 1946, just the Americans were the first and only ones who decided to try it, so to speak, in practice.

By the way, for a long time The USSR was ahead of the rest in these developments, guided, however, not so much by military goals as by economic ones. In particular, systems were developed to prevent the formation of hail, which was actively used in the interests of Agriculture in Transcaucasia, Moldova and Central Asia so that the grapes and cotton are not beaten.

As for military targets, at one time a system was being developed to counter enemy electronic and optical means and satellites through weather conditions. Simply put, the enemy was supposed to be "dazzled" by creating an impenetrable curtain of suspended particles in the atmosphere, for example, crystalline fog. Or vice versa - to improve the properties of the atmosphere for greater permeability of its own radio waves. In the end, the effect turned out to be, again, economic: the Soviet people learned to crystallize fogs at low temperatures, removing the threat to civil aviation in the Far North.
All this scientific and technical routine does not bother the ordinary conspiracy theorist. Typhoon management is much more interesting. Few people know that both sides cold war tried to achieve this at the same time, only the Americans experimented on their own territory (fortunately, the typhoon is a familiar phenomenon for them), and the USSR conducted research and tests together with Cuba and Vietnam. And in the end, he went a little further in this matter than the United States, which seems to be much more in need of such a thing in everyday life.

The Americans believed that it was enough to destroy some part of the cloud cover in some sector in order to change the energy balance of the cloud and thus change the direction and trajectory of the typhoon. The problem for them was not so much the "shooting" of a certain cloud sector, but the mathematical calculation of where the typhoon would go after that. This proved too much even for the supercomputers of the Department of Defense, and after 1980 the Stormfury program was slowly curtailed. And the amateur performance of many enthusiasts, which Hollywood is so interested in, will not achieve large-scale results.

In the USSR, they thought more constructively, thinking about how to find the “pain points” of a typhoon that affect its trajectory and power. Soviet scientists have really advanced in this, having learned how to model the structure of a typhoon, which in the future may allow them to be controlled to some extent.

But these are just one-time local technologies. One typhoon does not solve the issue. Even for Operation Popeye, the main problem was its high cost. And to accelerate a typhoon to the power necessary to damage a large modern city, unthinkable energy is needed. Such technology simply does not exist. Till.

It is all the more impossible to control super-large climatic phenomena (cyclones, anticyclones, atmospheric fronts) hundreds and thousands of kilometers in size. For example, one rain cloud (a couple of kilometers in size) contains the energy of several nuclear bombs. Accordingly, to control it, you need a force that is many times greater than it. In addition, it needs to be concentrated in a small period of time in a small space. At the very least, the energy introduced into the cloud must be no less than that which it contains, while the introduced energy must somehow be withdrawn back, otherwise the consequences may be unpredictable.

By the way, the only successful operation of a climatic nature, and even carried out in an emergency, was also in the USSR. After Chernobyl, somehow it was possible to “bind” a cloud of radioactive dust with sprayed chemistry, minimizing the damage from it.

And the authorities hide

In the period up to the 80s, the governments and intelligence services of the USSR, the USA and some other countries (Great Britain, Canada, South Africa) entertained themselves with a wide variety of nonsense - from psychics, "super soldiers" and "racial plague" (in South Africa they invented a virus that should only infect Zulus) to climatic, seismic and ionic weapons, not to mention "extraterrestrial intelligence". The turning point came due to a new round of scientific and technological progress, and most of the exotic programs are quietly covered up.
They say that in some places laboratories of one or two people have been preserved, but these are people who are obsessed, sincerely believe in their ideas and, most importantly, do not have access to big money, resources and supercomputers - without this you cannot set the atmospheric front on Moscow. Among them, there has not yet been found the new Nikola Tesla, who managed to successfully lead potential investors by the nose, telling the rich that the tower he built in America caused an explosion on Podkamennaya Tunguska somewhere in boundless Russia, but there was no meteorite. The Bolsheviks came up with it in order to compromise Tesla.

In desperation, the testing of a non-existent "climate weapon" was banned by a UN resolution of 1977, and a year later the USSR and the United States signed a similar bilateral agreement. Of course, this will not stop real enthusiasts, but no one has been engaged in large-scale developments in the field of “climate weapons” since that moment, and most of the related objects have been transferred to civilian departments. Nevertheless, accusations from conspiracy theorists and radical leftists (especially the advanced militant groups of environmental extremists) against governments are poured regularly.

For example, George W. Bush and Russia were blamed for the devastating invasion of Louisiana by Hurricane Katrina. Barack Obama was accused of "causing" Hurricane Sandy a week before the election. There is a "version" that the drought in California during the reign of Governor Schwarzenegger was also caused artificially in order to turn the richest US state into a dependent and subsidized one. And the Americans were suspected of “setting” hurricanes on Nicaragua and Panama back in 1969.

However, the main newsmaker on this issue was former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who directly blamed Washington for a thirty-year drought in Iran. Ironically, he ended his public speech on the subject at the same time that heavy rain began in Tehran.

Now the main source of "rumours" remains the American system HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program) - a huge antenna complex for high-frequency studies in Alaska, built in 1997. With its help, it was supposed to explore the ionosphere of the atmosphere, and the Agency for Advanced Defense Research and Development (DAPRA), which in the United States is called upon to grasp everything unexplored, acted as the customer.

However, the project turned out to be too expensive and did not bring any practical results. In 2014, the US Air Force disowned the center in Alaska, saying that they now intend to develop other methods for studying and monitoring the ionosphere, without specifying which ones. In the summer of the same year, the last programs and grants from DAPRA ended, and a year later the entire complex was transferred to the balance of the University of Alaska, and it is no longer involved in military programs. However, its ability to concentrate huge energy in one beam has not gone away and unnerves even technically savvy people, and not just the inventors of a perpetual motion machine and UFO witnesses.

In any case, it is HAARP that is still the main target of conspiracy theorists who blame the antenna complex even for the appearance of unprecedented diseases, plane crashes and other misfortunes (hurricanes are a common place). There are two more similar complexes of much smaller capacity in polar Norway - in Tromsø and Longyearbyen. The secrecy around them also gives rise to rumors, from which "rumour versions" will be born. At the same time, the predecessor of HAARP, located in the same Alaska near the city of Fairbanks, was dismantled in 2009, and another one - in Puerto Rico - is under reconstruction.
In Russia, too, there are two ionosphere research complexes, as in the case of the Norwegian ones, which are noticeably less powerful. Both work. This is the Sura project in Nizhny Novgorod region, outwardly terribly similar to HAARP, and another project in Tomsk based on the Siberian Institute of Physics and Technology, but it is being disbanded.

There is a similar project in Ukraine - in the area of the city of Zmiev, Kharkov region (URAN-1). For obvious reasons, it is impossible to know exactly what they are doing there, if they are doing anything at all. It is possible that the fat is smoked.

Ultimately, climate weapons can be written down in the category of "urban legends" on a par with mutant rats in the Moscow metro and the Boogeyman in American mirrors. However, this does not mean that an active impact on the atmosphere is impossible in the future. The same applies to seismic weapons (“tectonic”), for which Dzhokhar Dudayev was worried at one time.

Seriously though, most developed countries have an advanced monitoring system environment. Not only atmospheric and marine, but also seismic phenomena, therefore it is simply impossible to use such weapons. Therefore, there is no point in trying - there will be more problems and costs than the effect. But conspiracy theories are always interesting. Even the most sensible people at least once in their lives watched or read something about aliens and ghosts. Such is the nature of human consciousness, especially in big cities. The main thing is to know the measure.

Someone talks about the "weather gun" as a joke, thereby reacting to (an option for the South of Russia - wild heat). Someone talks about the danger of "climatic" and - in a broader version - in all seriousness, although there is no data on more or less promising developments in this area, just as there were none. Except for a couple of special cases.

From the Viet Cong to Chernobyl

“For a long time, the USSR was ahead of the rest in these developments, guided, however, not so much by military goals as by economic ones”

Initially, this story was a pure experiment, led by Dr. Donald Hornig, the authorized adviser to the President of the United States on science and technology and a former participant in the nuclear weapons project. The results of the operation were considered unsatisfactory, even though the rainfall actually fell three times as much and the "Ho Chi Minh trail" was partially flooded, as were some of the tunnels that the Vietnamese guerrillas used for supplies and movement. The problem is the short duration of the effect, which did not have a decisive influence on the course of the war. Bulldozers were both cheaper and more efficient.

By the way, for a long time the USSR was ahead of the rest in these developments, guided, however, not so much by military goals as by economic ones. In particular, systems were developed to prevent the formation of hail, which was actively used in the interests of agriculture in the Transcaucasus, Moldavia and Central Asia, so that grapes and cotton would not be beaten.

All this scientific and technical routine does not bother the ordinary conspiracy theorist. Typhoon management is much more interesting. Few people know that both sides of the Cold War tried to achieve this at the same time, only the Americans experimented on their own territory (fortunately, the typhoon is a familiar phenomenon for them), and the USSR conducted research and tests together with Cuba and Vietnam. And in the end, he went a little further in this matter than the United States, which seems to be much more in need of such a thing in everyday life.

By the way, the only successful operation of a climatic nature, and even carried out in an emergency, was also in the USSR. After Chernobyl, it was somehow possible to “bind” a cloud of radioactive dust with sprayed chemistry,.

And the authorities hide

“Tesla managed to fool potential investors by telling that the tower he built in America caused an explosion at Podkamennaya Tunguska”

They say that in some places laboratories of one or two people have been preserved, but these are people who are obsessed, sincerely believe in their ideas and, most importantly, do not have access to big money, resources and supercomputers - without this you cannot set the atmospheric front on Moscow. Among them, there has not yet been found the new Nikola Tesla, who managed to successfully lead potential investors by the nose, telling the rich that the tower he built in America caused an explosion on Podkamennaya Tunguska somewhere in boundless Russia, but there was no meteorite. The Bolsheviks came up with it in order to compromise Tesla.

In Russia, too, there are two ionosphere research complexes, as in the case of the Norwegian ones, which are noticeably less powerful. Both work. These are the Sura project in the Nizhny Novgorod region, which looks terribly similar to HAARP, and another project in Tomsk based on the Siberian Institute of Physics and Technology, but it is being disbanded.

Seriously, most developed countries have an advanced environmental monitoring system. Not only atmospheric and marine, but also seismic phenomena, therefore it is simply impossible to use such weapons. Therefore, there is no point in trying - there will be more problems and costs than the effect. But conspiracy theories are always interesting. Even the most sensible people at least once in their lives watched or read something about aliens and ghosts. Such is the nature of human consciousness, especially in big cities. The main thing is to know the measure.

Climate weapons are weapons of mass destruction, the main damaging factor of which is various natural or climatic phenomena created by artificial means.

Using natural phenomena and climate against the enemy is the eternal dream of the military. To send a hurricane on the adversary, destroy crops in an enemy country and thereby cause famine, cause heavy rains and destroy the entire enemy transport infrastructure - such opportunities could not but arouse interest among strategists. However, earlier humanity did not have the necessary knowledge and ability to influence the weather.

In our time, man has acquired unprecedented power: he split the atom, flew into space, reached the ocean floor. We have learned much more about climate: now we know why droughts and floods occur, why it's raining and a blizzard sweeps like hurricanes are born. But even now we are unable to confidently influence the global climate. This is a very complex system in which countless factors interact. Solar activity, the processes occurring in the ionosphere, the Earth's magnetic field, the oceans, the anthropogenic factor - this is only a small part of the forces that can determine the planetary climate.

A bit about the history of climate weapons

Even without fully understanding all the mechanisms that form the climate, a person tries to control it. In the middle of the last century, the first experiments on climate change began. At first, people learned to artificially cause the formation of clouds and fog. Similar studies were carried out by many countries, including the USSR. A little later, they learned to cause artificial precipitation.

At first, such experiments had purely peaceful purposes: to cause rain or, conversely, to prevent hail from destroying crops. But soon the military began to master similar technologies.

During the Vietnamese conflict, the Americans conducted Operation Popeye, the purpose of which was to significantly increase the amount of rainfall over the part of Vietnam along which the "Ho Chi Minh trail" passed. The Americans sprayed some chemicals (dry ice and silver iodide) from aircraft, which caused a significant increase in rainfall. As a result, the roads were washed out, and communications of the partisans were disrupted. At the same time, it should be noted that the effect was quite short-lived, and the costs were huge.

Around the same time, American scientists were trying to learn how to manage hurricanes. For the southern states of the United States, hurricanes are a real disaster. However, in pursuit of such a seemingly noble goal, scientists also studied the possibility of sending a hurricane to the “wrong” countries. In this direction, the famous mathematician John von Neumann collaborated with the American military department.

In 1977, the UN adopted a convention that prohibited any use of the climate as a weapon. It was adopted at the initiative of the USSR, and the United States joined it.

Reality or fiction

Is a climate weapon even possible? Theoretically yes. But in order to influence the climate on a global scale, on territories of several thousand square kilometers, enormous resources are needed. And since we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of occurrence of weather phenomena, the result can be unpredictable.

Now climate control research is being conducted in several countries of the world, including Russia. We are talking about impacts on relatively small areas. It is forbidden to use the weather for military purposes.

If we talk about climate weapons, then we cannot ignore two objects: the American HAARP complex, which is located in Alaska, and the Sura facility in Russia, not far from Nizhny Novgorod.

These two objects, according to some experts, are climate weapons that can change the weather on a global scale, affecting processes in the ionosphere. The HAARP complex is especially famous in this regard. Not a single article on this topic is complete without mentioning this installation. The Sura object is less known, but it is considered our answer to the HAARP complex.

In the early 90s of the last century, the construction of a huge facility began in Alaska. This is a 13-hectare site where the antennas are located. Officially, the object was built to study the ionosphere of our planet. It is there that the processes take place that have greatest influence on the formation of the Earth's climate.

In addition to scientists, the US Navy and Air Force, as well as the famous DARPA (Department of Advanced Studies), are involved in the implementation of the project. But even considering all this, is HAARP an experimental climate weapon? Unlikely.

The fact is that the HAARP complex in Alaska is by no means new or unique. The construction of such complexes began in the 60s of the last century. They were built in the USSR, and in Europe, and in South America. It's just that HAARP is the largest complex of its kind, and the presence of the military adds to the intrigue.

In Russia, the Sura facility is engaged in similar work, which has a more modest size and is now not in the best condition. Nevertheless, Sura works and studies electromagnetism in the high layers of the atmosphere. In the territory former USSR there were several such complexes.

There are legends around such objects. They say about the HAARP complex that it can change the weather, cause earthquakes, shoot down satellites and warheads, and control the minds of people. But there is no evidence for this. Not so long ago, American scientist Scott Stevens accused Russia of using climate weapons against the United States. According to Stevens, the Russian side, using a secret installation of the Sura type, operating on the principle of an electromagnetic generator, created the Katrina hurricane and sent it to the United States.

Conclusion

Today, climate weapons are a reality, but their use requires too large-scale resources. We do not yet know enough about the most complex processes of weather formation, and therefore it is problematic to control such weapons.

The use of climate weapons can result in a blow to the aggressor himself or to his allies, to damage neutral states. In any case, it will be impossible to predict the result.

In addition, regular weather observations are carried out in many countries, and the use of such weapons will cause serious weather anomalies that will definitely not go unnoticed. The reaction of the world community to such actions will not differ from the reaction to nuclear aggression.

Undoubtedly, relevant research and experiments are ongoing - but the creation of effective weapons is still very far away. If a climate weapon (in some form) exists today, its use is unlikely to be appropriate. So far, there is no serious evidence of the existence of such weapons.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

May snow from the window of a Facebook user in Murmansk

“Facebook greeted me in the morning, asking if I was ready for snow in the city… I thought for a while… My blue down jacket hung in the closet all winter. At the end of April I took it out and put it on for an evening walk and have worn it every day since then. After taking a sip of hot Russiano, I thought that I was probably already ready for anything. I still don’t have summer tires, but I can still ride winter tires until next winter, ”this is how user Sergey Pogodin jokingly puts forward a version: May snow is a consequence of the use of climate weapons.

“I heard that the heating was turned on again in Moscow, but in our country, thank God, it has not been turned off yet. Maybe the Americans are testing climate weapons on us? But even so, you won’t take us with this!” — Pogodin photographs the snowy May Murmansk.

“You do what you want, but I think that climate weapons were used against us!” — echoes him Irina Frolova (Moscow).

“I, too, am beginning to believe in climate weapons,” writes Muscovite Anna Sholina and attaches a video with a snowfall...

At first, several people a day, but now every hour new sane people announce to friends about the transition to the camp of conspiracy theorists. “Where can I read about climate weapons? (smiley here)"

The chronicle can be seen in search results by key phrase.

The difference between these reports is not even in the fact that a resident of which region of Russia considers himself a victim of a military experiment. And who used the weapon: after all, we - or the Americans?

Novaya Gazeta asked people who, in principle, do not deny the existence of climate weapons to participate in the discussion of this version. Unfortunately, even they have no doubts: the current cold snap and snow in May cannot in any way be connected with its use.

Evgeny Tishkovets

leading specialist of the FOBOS weather center

Is it possible to influence the weather with the help of special weapons? Of course available.

“But this whole topic has long been closed. Only Americans still sometimes indulge in them. And yet, what is happening now in Moscow fits perfectly into the framework of our climate.”

There is no official confirmation of the existence of military "weather weapons", however, back in 1978, a convention was adopted to ban the negative impact on the climate, which were signed by the USSR and the USA, among others. But the “weather battle” seems to be going on.

According to experts, there are no effective climate weapons today. But research is being carried out both in Russia and in the United States at full speed. The prospect of a real creation of combat climatic weapons is rather distant - it will take more than a dozen years.

Developers of non-traditional types of weapons do not stand still. As the press service of the United Instrument-Making Company (OPK) reported, a program has been prepared to create weapons based on new physical principles - beam, gene, psychophysical and wave. This exotic weapon, according to the statements of the company, may appear in Russian army after 2020. Military research institutes, design bureaus and laboratories continue to conduct research work in the creation of non-lethal weapons - that is, one that does not kill. Russian scientists, for example, have already created a device that can disable enemy electronics. A beam cannon can stop tanks from a distance, knock fighters off course, or unmanned aerial vehicles, detonates radio-controlled mines. The first samples of the new radio-electronic weapons were demonstrated as part of a private display at the Army-2016 military-technical forum.

“Climatic weapons, as a manifestation of a higher power, have been known to mankind since biblical times,” says Alexander Zimovsky, an expert on long-term forecasts. - The Bible contains at least fifty examples of how the salvation of the righteous or the punishment of the guilty occurs as a result of cataclysms associated specifically with the weather. The Flood in various versions is present in almost all ancient and currently existing world religions known to us. Such is the historical nature of human knowledge. As soon as a person masters some knowledge or technology, he begins, first of all, to consider new opportunities from the point of view of military use.

When analyzing the combat capabilities of climate weapons, one must proceed from an understanding of the fact that weather is not climate. Snow that suddenly fell in June in St. Petersburg is a weather anomaly. The beginning of the ice drift on the Neva in June for 5-10 years in a row is a signal of a possible climate change. In the first case, we can already achieve the desired result by applying technologies for artificial water vapor deposition. It will be very expensive, there will be very little snow, but enough for a selfie, and for what is usually called "the old-timers do not remember."

“If we are talking about the hypothetical (on a planetary scale) use of climate weapons,” Alexander Zimovsky continues, “then we must understand that the results of its use can manifest themselves over very significant periods of time. London is located at the latitude of Astana. In Astana the temperature drops to -51°C, in London it has never dropped below -10°C. And note that this temperature minimum was noted on a time interval of 600-700 years. For modern war such rates are not only unacceptable, they are meaningless.

In fact, tactically, what do we need? Yes, it's the same. The enemy is advancing - which means that Generals Mud and Frost are in our interests. We are advancing, which means that the terrain must be passable, we do not need rain.

Another example. Aviation is considered all-weather, as is the ocean fleet. But again, this is a matter of theory: excitement over three or four points - and the aircraft carrier is already just a target, it is not combat-ready, carrier-based aircraft will not take off. It would seem, what is easier? “Wind, wind, you are mighty, you drive clouds of clouds”... Maintain stormy weather in the area of operations of the US 6th Fleet, and that's it. However, neither we nor the Americans have yet learned to use typhoons in the fight against aircraft carrier groups.

And if we talk about the real combat capabilities of the world's largest players, then, despite all the ongoing modern research, the only weapon that creates a short-term, medium-term and long-term climate effect remains the atomic bomb.

The Winter Olympics in Sochi in February 2014 were held on high level- these sport games became an element of Russia's prestige and considerable funds were invested in their organization. Only weather conditions could have made it possible, but at this time of the year in Krasnaya Polyana, where the main winter sports competitions were held, there are always low temperatures and a dense layer of snow. Nevertheless, if you remember, it was on those days that the region suddenly started to rain, which almost spoiled the entire world sports festival. A whim of nature? Maybe. But the human factor cannot be ruled out. To the same extent as in the case of forty degrees of frost, which was established that year in Chicago. And if we assume that by sending warm weather to Sochi, the Americans got unprecedented cold weather on their territory.

“Officially, climate weapons do not exist,” says military expert, meteorologist Alexander Minakov. - Attempts to influence, but rather it is still a study, of the ionosphere have been underway since the beginning of the 60s of the last century and they have not stopped so far. However, the same Americans practically curtailed these developments due to their cost and lack of concrete results. The fact is that the weather cannot be controlled, it can only be corrected. The most famous way we have is to interrupt the rains on holidays, which has already been used many times. The Americans also used similar methods, only with the opposite result, during the Vietnam War, when they carried out Operation Popeye. Then their transport planes sprayed silver iodide into the sky, which caused the amount of precipitation to be three times higher than normal, as a result of which roads were washed out, communications were destroyed. But the effect was doubtful and short-lived.

There are also positive examples of climate change, such as after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, when Soviet geoengineers prevented ecological catastrophe. Radioactive dust was tied up with special compounds so that it would not be carried by the wind, so that the dust would not be washed away into the rivers, and a rain barrier was created in the sky.

By the way, the founder of domestic climate weapons can be called ... Stalin. In his youth, Iosif Dzhugashvili worked for a short time at a meteorological station as an observer. And it was on his initiative that already during the Great Patriotic War automatic probes were thrown into the rear of the enemy, which transmitted information about weather conditions, which made it possible to correct the actions of aviation. By the way, in those years, the Hydrometeorological Service of the USSR was transferred to the Red Army and already on July 15, 1941, the Main Directorate of the Hydrometeorological Service of the People's Commissariat of Defense was created, as well as Central Institute weather, which were directly subordinate to the General Staff. At the headquarters of the armies and fronts, hydrometeorological departments were created, in many partisan detachments there were meteorologists on the territory of Belarus and Ukraine, information from which was constantly transmitted to the "mainland".

By the way, the famous parade on November 7, 1941 took place largely due to the fact that a forecast was received about inclement weather, which hindered the activity of enemy aircraft. Used by Stalin in the defense of the capital and such natural factor, as an artificial flood - the ice on the Moscow Canal was undermined, which made it difficult for German tanks to advance.

Attempts to create climate weapons have been made repeatedly - both in the United States and in Russia (USSR). The Americans chose Alaska as testing grounds in the ionosphere, where they use the HAARP and HIPAS systems and another similar one in Puerto Rico. In Europe, in Norway, two complexes for the study of the ionosphere (as stated officially) have been installed, which are used in the interests of the United States. There is a similar one in Peru. From open sources it is known that in a practically disbanded form there are complexes of active influence in Nizhny Novgorod ("Sura"), in Tomsk, on the basis of the ionospheric station of the Siberian Institute of Physics and Technology, in the Kharkov region ("Uran-1") and Tajikistan (" Horizon"). Information about them is not widely disseminated, but strategic meteorological work in the form of research is being carried out.

“Influencing the nature of the Earth is a rather dangerous game that can result in serious consequences, including for its organizer,” Alexander Minakov believes. - Moreover, there are no specific, documented results from the thermal heating of the atmosphere, which was used by these stations. There is more mythology here, which they try to explain natural disasters. Most likely, such studies use a more practical option, applicable to the missile defense system, which is of concern to both the US and Russia. After all, fluctuations in the ionosphere can completely paralyze control ballistic missiles knock them off course. Another thing is that both foreign and domestic missiles, and at the same time all spacecraft, can fall under this influence. Similarly, places on the planet where an earthquake or tsunami caused by human intervention will occur are unpredictable.