Business on garbage - new ideas and ways to make money. Waste recycling business ideas for beginners with minimal investment A housewife wants to make money by sorting her garbage

Chelyabinsk businessman Vladimir Matsyuk was one of the first in Russia to start recycling batteries, which are assembled for him by Media Markt and IKEA. Business is still scanty, but very promising

Chelyabinsk entrepreneur Vladimir Matsyuk (Photo: Ekaterina Kuzmina / RBC)

Waste industry

Growing up in Soviet Kazakhstan, Matsyuk from personal experience knew how to be careful with resources. “There were often supply problems,” the entrepreneur recalls in an interview with RBC. - Therefore, from the skins of eaten oranges, my mother made candied fruits, and from the seeds of sea buckthorn, if they were insisted on sunflower oil, a disinfecting oil was obtained. For me, it was the natural course of things.”

In the late 1990s, Matsyuk graduated from the Faculty of Economics of the South Ural state university(Chelyabinsk) and began to combine teaching and work in commercial structures. In 2004, he decided to take his students' summer internships seriously for an organization theory course, proposing that they create a real firm. The students themselves came up with the name of the company - "Megapolisresurs", and then began to decide what it would do. Matsyuk already had experience in solving "environmental" issues for Chelyabinsk firms, so it was decided to focus on a clear topic (waste paper recycling). But the practice quickly ended, and Matsyuk felt a taste for business. “I decided to let there be waste, but with precious metal, we need to pull out valuable contents from them and lower the hazard class,” he recalls.

Matsyuk decided to start collecting fixer - a solution that is used to fix images on film or paper. Depending on the type of shooting (black and white, color, x-ray) when fixing up to 70% of the silver contained in photographic paper (from 5 to 40 g per 1 sq. m ), goes into solution, from which silver can be easily extracted. “The main thing was to correctly determine the purchase price of the spent solution, so that it would make sense for laboratories to store it and sell it to us,” recalls Matsyuk . According to the entrepreneur, a liter of fixer is purchased at a price of 40 to 70 rubles: “Up to 4 G silver." At current prices for silver (about 27 rubles per gram) per liter of fixer " Megapolis resource "can earn about 110 rubles. To start this business (mainly for the purchase of equipment) Matsyuk spent $ 20 thousand. In the profit came out after eight months. Profit was 25-30% of revenue. Silver obtained in the form of granules " Megapolis resource » sells to jewelers (clients include Veliky Ustyug plant "Northern black").

Photo: Ekaterina Kuzmina / RBC

In 2008, the silver extraction business was added to the extraction of silver from photographic solutions. “At first they thought that silver could be washed off the films with the help of harsh chemicals, but these are people, manual labor, a high degree of danger, and you want to sleep peacefully,” Matsyuk recalls. - We found a biological solution - special bacteria turn the film into gelatin, from which silver is then extracted. The whole procedure, in terms of danger, is close to cheese production.”

In 2009, Megapolisresurs began recycling chips and electronics (medical and office equipment), which, in addition to silver, contain gold and other rare metals. Requirements for the processing of various equipment were introduced in 2002 by the federal law "On the Protection of environment”, and for their violation, companies were threatened with a fine of 100 thousand to 250 thousand rubles. or suspension of activities for up to six months. “The first clients were consulates and foreign companies: they were terribly afraid of our laws, according to which we can’t just throw away computers,” recalls Matsyuk. Now Megapolisresurs actively serves government agencies on this topic - in the last two years alone, according to the public procurement website, Matsyuk's company has won more than 40 tenders for the disposal of various equipment for a total of about 2.5 million rubles.

Batteries are also waste.

The idea to recycle batteries was thrown to Matsyuk “from the audience”. In 2013, when the entrepreneur was speaking at a conference, he was asked why he recycles circuit boards but does not recycle batteries. “I replied that we can also use batteries, but no one collects enough of them,” says Matsyuk. After the conference, one of the public organizations Petersburg, which collected 2 tons of used batteries. For Megapolisresurs, this was the first experience of working with batteries.

How batteries are recycled

For the processing of batteries, Megapolisresurs uses a production line where microcircuits are disposed of. First of all, the batteries are crushed and the iron elements are separated with a special magnetic tape. Manganese and zinc (in the form of salts), as well as graphite, are extracted from the resulting polymetallic mixture in several stages of leaching. In total, four removable cells account for 80% of the weight of the batteries. The production lines of Megapolisresurs allow processing up to 2 tons of batteries per day. Battery recycling takes about four days.

In 2013, the battery collection project decided to launch the Media Markt chain, which chose Megapolisresurs as a recycling partner (the companies had already collaborated on photo solutions). For a trading network, this social project(in Germany, more than half of the batteries sold are recycled). At the start of the project, it turned out that the batteries were not included in the Russian waste classifier, and Media Markt and Megapolisresurs spent almost six months to correct this defect and other organizational measures. “The total weight of batteries sent for recycling in 2014 was about 18 tons,” a representative of Media Markt told RBC. “This is more than double what we planned when the project was launched (7 tons).” IKEA (three points in Moscow, about 6.5 tons collected), the VkusVill chain of stores (56 points in Moscow, 1.4 tons), as well as retail chains in several regions (several dozen points) also give their batteries to Matsyuk. .

Garbage resource

565 million batteries was sold in Russia in 2013

30 tons of batteries redesigned Megapolisresurs in 2014

2 tons of batteries per hour can process "Megapolisresurs"

70 rub. — the cost of recycling 1 kg of batteries

1.5 million rubles the company gained from the recycling of batteries in 2014

100 million rubles — total revenue of Megapolisresurs

Sources: company data, Greenpeace Russia, RBC calculations

For "Megapolisresource" » Battery recycling is a small but promising business. Unlike fixer, films and computers for batteries Matsyuk not only does not pay, but also receives money - from the companies that collect them. “For the recycling of 1 kg of batteries, we pay 70 rubles,” the director of public relations told RBC. Vkusvill Evgeny Shchepin . “At the same time, we ourselves have to deliver the batteries to the warehouse.” Megapolisresource " in Moscow. They do not provide transportation services yet. Manager environmental project Media Markt Alena Yuzefovich in November 2014 told online edition of Recycle that the "initial price tag" Megapolisresource "for the transportation and processing of a kilogram of batteries - about 110 rubles." The company does not make money on partners, but takes from them only the cost of delivery and recycling of batteries: “70 rubles. is the average cost of recycling 1 kg of batteries,” says Matsyuk . According to him, the income from recycling batteries in 2014 amounted to 1.5 million rubles.

Most of this amount was contributed by battery collectors, so far Matsyuk is not very good at trading in recycling products. From 1 ton of batteries, you can get 288 kg of manganese, 240 kg of zinc, about 47 kg of graphite. “The content of manganese (28.8%) and zinc (24%) in batteries is higher than in the richest ores (up to 26%),” Matsyuk notes. “If we look at batteries as raw materials, and not as waste, we will see a unique deposit in which there is a lot of valuable raw materials.” But this is theoretical. And in practice, it turns out to sell only iron from batteries: it goes to the Mechel plant in Chelyabinsk. It is still difficult with sales of non-ferrous metal salts: “The volumes are small and of little interest to wholesale buyers, and retail sales are too laborious for laboratories.”

According to RBC calculations, if Megapolisresurs sold chemically pure metal, then 1.4 tons of graphite, 8.6 tons of manganese and 7.2 tons of zinc extracted from 30 tons of batteries could bring the company about $ 50 thousand (about 1.9 million rubles at the average exchange rate of the ruble in 2014; based on market prices for metals). But to get manganese and zinc in the form of a metal, additional investments of $1.5 million are needed, says Matsyuk.

The crisis has failed

The main sources of income for Megapolisresurs are still the processing of office equipment and photo waste. In 2014, these areas, according to the entrepreneur, brought the company in the amount of 100 million rubles. (approximately equal). In 2013, according to Kontur.Focus, the company's revenue amounted to 49 million rubles, and net profit - 7.7 million rubles.

Matsyuk expects recycling volumes to increase. “In December 2014, amendments to the law “On production and consumption waste” were adopted, which oblige the manufacturer to pay either a recycling fee for their products, or to undertake obligations for its partial return collection,” says Matsyuk. “But while there are no relevant by-laws, it is not clear how this will all work.”

In the case of batteries, if at least 10% of what is sold is recycled (in 2014, according to Matsyuk, 8 thousand tons were sold), this will allow Megapolisresurs to earn over 100 million rubles annually.

In 2015, Matsyuk plans to earn 220 million rubles. for the disposal of office equipment and about 100 million rubles. - on the extraction of silver from films and solutions. How realistic are these plans? Last year, Megapolisresurs ended with a loss (Matsyuk did not disclose its size) due to a 20% fall in silver prices in the second half of the year (from $20 to $16 per troy ounce). As a result, the Megapolisresurs and Fractal companies (also owned by Matsyuk) did not fulfill the contracts concluded earlier both for the processing of scrap containing precious metals (for example, with the Research Institute of Semiconductor Devices - for 3.8 million rubles), and for the supply of silver (to the plant "Northern Chern" - by 427 thousand rubles, to the company "Yuvelirdragmetal" - by 3.6 million rubles). This, as follows from the file of arbitration cases of the Pravo.ru system, forced the partners of the company to apply to the courts. “We took out loans and purchased equipment based on silver prices of $30-35 per troy ounce, and we were forced to sell the metal at prices almost half that,” Matsyuk notes. In January 2015, he registered a new company, Megapolisresurs, in Kurgan.

Moscow competitors

In Moscow, in addition to Megapolisresurs, several other companies accept batteries for recycling: Ecoprof LLC - 580 rubles each. for 1 kg, Megapolis-Group LLC - 100 rubles each. for 1 kg. Whether these companies have their own battery recycling facilities, their employees could not say by phone.

Russians annually produce hundreds of tons of garbage. It accumulates in landfills, buried, burned. By the way, it's all money! Yes, by burying garbage in landfills, we are burying capital in the ground. But a significant part of the garbage can be recycled and make money on it.

Moreover, this is not necessarily a multimillion-dollar investment in a complex and large plant. In fact, organizing a waste recycling business is easier than it seems. Need sorting line, a press, a couple of trucks and a garbage truck. Everything, with this arsenal you can "go into battle."

The essence of recycling

Let's immediately dot all the "i". We will not talk about the business of full-fledged waste processing. This is quite an expensive business. It is much easier to start sorting and selling waste paper, plastic bottles and cans for further processing.

In this case, your job is as follows: you receive the garbage, sort it, selecting plastic, tin, paper and cardboard. Then send it all to the press. After that, ready-made briquettes made of plastic, tin or paper are loaded into the machine and sent to customers.

Who is the buyer? There are many, you just have to look. In fact, these are almost all companies engaged in the production of plastic products, producing cardboard, tin products.

According to the reviews of people involved in such a business, it is important to choose the right staff here. What to hide, the work itself is not prestigious and rather specific, especially at the sorting stage. Where you literally have to sort through tons of garbage with your hands, in search of the things you need.

And this is one of the key problems of this business. According to the entrepreneur Igor Sviridov, who deals with waste processing in Volgograd, there is nothing more difficult than finding people to sort.

“This has become a real problem, yes, the work is unskilled, yes“ dirty ”, respectively, the salary is not the highest, but I paid garbage sorters decently, at least, more than loaders in a nearby hypermarket, - says Igor. - It did not help. After working for a short time, they always quit. I tried to hire homeless people and the so-called downtrodden element. But it didn't help. The solution was found through trial and error. First, I improved working conditions. And my sorters have disposable wraps for clothes, beautiful and comfortable uniforms, a clean and modern locker room, a shower. Secondly, I and other employees in every possible way demonstrated to the sorters that they are a key link in our chain of success. Thirdly, at first I myself worked with them on sorting. In the end, I solved an impossible task and coped with the staff turnover in the sorting shop!

Where to get raw materials?

At the landfill. Do not laugh. In fact, only there you will find a lot of ownerless plastic bottles, cardboard, glass containers. The point is small - to agree with the management of the landfill that you are allowed to "rake up the rubble." Problems can arise here, but, as practitioners say, a little help from the landfill administration solves all issues.

As the primary sorters who will select the garbage you are interested in, local homeless people are quite suitable. They know very well what lies where, and for little money they are ready to give you this stuff. The only thing is that they need strict control.

But there is another option - you can conclude an agreement with shops, markets, various institutions. They regularly have tens of kilograms of paper waste that needs to be put somewhere. According to Igor Sviridov from Volgograd, he easily signed a contract for the export of empty cardboard boxes with a supermarket chain. For this he pays little money. But it is guaranteed to receive paper and cardboard in large volumes, which are then handed over to processors in a compressed form.

“If you do not take into account the costs of transportation, wages, and so on, then I sell a kilogram of waste paper at least 10 times more expensive than I bought it from a supermarket,” Igor clarifies. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to build such a supply chain with plastic bottles.

Where and how to sell

Main consumers waste paper, plastic and tin- various productions. They are in almost every region, and, as experience shows, they are happy to take recycled materials.

But they take it by weight. In addition, no one will be happy if you bring a full KAMAZ of plastic bottles or waste paper. After all, half of it is air, and such recyclables will take unreasonably much space. Also, are you willing to pay for air freight?

Therefore, the main part of the waste processing enterprise is the press. It should be a universal press that will make dense cubes from your garbage. It is these cubes that you will sell. Moreover, as the current entrepreneurs say, it is quite profitable.

Unfortunately, Igor Sviridov does not disclose the amount of his profit. But he emphasizes that the profitability of his business is almost 100 percent, and the demand for products is constantly growing.

Ivan Muraviev
Photo from wordpress.com, giport.ru, icd.com.vn, xakac.info, liveinternet.ru

If at the beginning of the 20th century many European figures were afraid ecological disaster due to the accumulation of horse manure on the streets of large cities such as London or Paris. And they predicted that in the middle of the 20th century, all the inhabitants would be mired in the waste products of horses.

Then at the beginning of the 21st century, everyone, without exception, is concerned about a problem of a different nature: mountains of garbage, which, compared with horse manure, are real threat for all of us.

But besides the negative, the mountains of paper, bottles and bags also have a benefit: they can act as raw materials for the manufacture of all kinds of goods needed in everyday life.

This means that garbage, waste and other results of the life of the population of our planet can serve to create their own business.

The main thing in this situation is to find and master the technology, as well as collect the garbage itself.

The last point may cause bewilderment: why collect it - it seems that there is more than enough of this good in landfills. This, of course, is true, but the problem is that there is no such technology with which it would be possible to make a product from waste of various nature.

Therefore, those who want to open a business in this area should know: garbage still needs to be found, collected, or even bought and cleaned of impurities. At the same time, these actions often constitute the main labor and monetary costs for the organization and operation of a business.

But despite the difficulties that, in fact, there are in any business, it is possible to open an enterprise operating on "garbage", and there are many options for this.

Now we will talk about nine interesting ideas for making money on garbage.

Plastic waste items

The American craftsman came up with a plastic recycling technology and even posted the design of the production line on the Internet. Thanks to his invention and with the help of simple manipulations and imagination, plastic cups, broken children's buckets and other garbage can turn into cute household items. And there is always a demand for such goods. All that is needed to implement this business idea is a garage and “golden” hands who can easily assemble devices for crushing, melting and molding plastic.

Recycled clothing

Russian designers figured out where to apply the used plastic bottles- they decided to make fabric for sweaters out of it, and they succeeded. True, these transformations of plastic into textiles are taking place not on the territory of our country, but in the Celestial Empire.

Sweatshirts made from recycled materials are universal and absolutely no different from their counterparts made from ordinary fabric. But the very philosophy and eco-message of the brand attract buyers not only from Russia, but also from other countries.

Used tire recycling

Rubber is a universal product, it is used for the production of many different goods, while the substance itself can be recycled several times without losing its properties. And this fact allows you to organize your rubber processing business.

Where do you get raw materials to start this business? For example, accept or purchase used car tires. Since they are often changed and can simply be thrown away near the tire shop, you will not have problems finding raw materials. The main thing is to decide what you will do with crumb rubber - hand it over to manufacturers or make, for example, galoshes.

Kraft paper production

The world is being taken over by craft items: drinks, food and... paper. It is her in Lately it is fashionable to start up on the packaging of various goods, as well as the production of packages. At the same time, the main raw material for their manufacture is waste paper.

Of course, the times when the collection of this paper waste was massive have passed, so today you need to try to find the right amount of waste paper for your business. But all difficulties are completely solvable, and if you are impressed by the idea of creating bags from kraft paper, then you should carefully read the business idea.

Ecowool

On the this moment on the building materials market, there are an abundance of different options for insulating houses. One of them is ecowool. It is dispersed, so rodents cannot attack it, and also this material allows you to fill all the voids and retains heat. Few people realize that the raw material for the production of this insulation is ordinary paper waste.

However, some homeowners are not lost and insulate their homes with simple waste paper. But these are still a minority. And those interested in ecowool are much more.

Biohumus from food waste

Many are familiar with bags of recycled earth, which are sold in all flower and garden departments. At the same time, few people know that this product can be obtained from simple food waste. And to make it available to anyone who gets a special device that turns garbage into useful fertilizer.

A device called Zera will free you from the obligation to take out the waste, as well as to acquire land for plants. But in Russia, this device is not for sale, so you can be puzzled by this issue, purchase and sell fertilizer to everyone.

Dirty Air Beads

Dutch designers have come up with a way to not worry about finding raw materials for making jewelry, as well as about the production process itself. They designed a special tower that not only absorbs dirty air, but also recycles it into various decorations.

The designers presented their invention at a foreign crowdfunding platform and have already implemented it in many countries of the world.

Used building materials

Many in the business community are worried about the widespread demolition of old buildings, as it deprives them of business space.

But meanwhile, only a small part of enterprising citizens understand that you can make good money on this. And it will not be about the legal representation of the rights of evicted fellow citizens, but about the sale of building materials taken from demolished buildings.

Still, brick and other materials practically do not lose their properties, which means they can be resold. True, finding them among a pile of debris and rubbish is not easy enough, but the fact that these works will bring you profit should compensate for all the inconvenience.

In economic realities modern Russia trying to open your own business is like playing roulette. The competition for raw materials and sales markets is so high that a newcomer does not always manage to gain a foothold in the market, and even more so, develop his business at least to a medium size. Therefore, already at the planning stage, you should calculate all possible risks, pros and cons. As practice shows, one of the most win-win options for today is the waste processing business.

Waste recycling is the most promising business

According to statistics, every year the population and industrial enterprises of Russia produce up to 44 million tons of various waste. Of all this volume, only a third is recycled, and the rest ends up in landfills. Previously, they tried to solve the problem of a growing rubbish shaft by simply burning or burying it in the ground. However, such actions lead to a sharp deterioration environmental situation, poisoning the soil, groundwater and atmosphere.

Solving the problem of effective and safe disposal industrial and household waste is seen in only one thing - the development of a wide network of waste processing enterprises. In the countries of Western Europe, hundreds of private organizations are engaged in waste processing, which gives rise to intense market competition with all the ensuing consequences. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is practically not developed, which provides a lot of potential opportunities.

Pros and Cons of a Waste Recycling Business

The "garbage business", like any other commercial enterprise, has its undeniable advantages and its pitfalls. The pluses include:

Fast payback periods. The funds invested in the waste processing industry will pay off fairly quickly. With skillful and efficient management of the case, these terms are about 3-5 years.
High profitability of the waste business, reaching 30% for each ruble invested. This is a pretty good indicator, given that according to Rosstat, the profitability of medium and small businesses in Russia is about 12-15%.
Support for businessmen who decide to open a waste processing enterprise from government agencies. On the part of the federal authorities, such businessmen are provided with tax incentives regarding the costs of acquiring equipment, renting / buying / building premises.
Local municipal authorities We are also ready to provide all kinds of assistance to entrepreneurs-waste processors. The responsibility for maintaining cleanliness in a city or village lies entirely with the local authorities, so the private business of waste processing removes a significant part of the current concerns from the municipal administration.
Almost unlimited amount of free raw materials, available in large quantities in any region of Russia.
Low cost of raw materials. Unlike many other business sectors, recycling as a business requires minimal costs for the purchase of raw materials. You will have to spend money only on containers for collecting waste, and on specialized vehicles for their delivery to the place of processing.
Demand for secondary raw materials that have passed the initial processing stage is traditionally high among domestic industrial enterprises. Therefore, a waste processing businessman does not have to worry about the markets for his goods.
For entrepreneurs with increased social responsibility, there is another motivating factor - moral. Waste recycling solves the problem of environmental pollution native nature to preserve it for future generations.

But despite this a large number of positive aspects, persons who decide to start their own business in this area should approach this as responsibly as possible. There may be problems with the collection, delivery, sorting of garbage, as well as financial costs for unforeseen expenses and the like.

Often there is a rejection of the neighborhood with a waste processing plant from the side local residents who start sluggish litigation. This litigation often takes the entrepreneur a lot of time and effort that could be spent for its intended purpose - to start production. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary at the initial stage to draw up a business plan for waste processing, in which all possible force majeure situations will be taken into account in advance.

How to Start a Waste Recycling Business

Let us consider in more detail how to start a waste recycling business in the light of modern Russian realities. At the stage of the initial organization of production, the future entrepreneur will need more time, effort, and involvement in solving various pressing issues of local administrative resources than financial costs. Of course, it is absolutely possible that local officials of different levels and departments will want to receive some kind of “fee” for a positive solution to your issue.

If a businessman has a sufficient amount of free funds, the temptation to speed up the permit procedure with a bribe can be great. But we should not forget that such an act falls under the jurisdiction of the Criminal Legislation of the Russian Federation, and not only the person who accepts the bribe, but also the one who gives it is liable. Therefore, we will consider how to open a waste processing business in full compliance with the law.

Company registration

The very first step for starting a garbage business from scratch is registering your organization. You can register an enterprise both in the status of an individual entrepreneur and in the form of an LLC. According to the recommendations of experts, the form of registration in the form of an LLC is more preferable. This makes it possible in the future, if necessary, to expand the scope of activities by engaging in some kind of related production. This may be, for example, the independent production and sale of consumer goods from recycled materials.

Registration procedures of the enterprise are carried out in the territorial department of the tax service. To do this, the registration department of the Federal Tax Service will need to submit an application drawn up in accordance with the established form, and a package of related documentation. You can familiarize yourself with the sample application on the official website of the Federal Tax Service, or directly at the office of this institution. The list of documents required for registration of an LLC, in addition to the application, includes:

Protocol, which reflects the decision of the meeting of co-founders on the creation of a legal entity in the form of an LLC.
Agreement on the establishment of an LLC, endorsed by all co-founders.
Articles of association.
Notification of the choice of a particular taxation system. The most profitable from a financial point of view, for an LLC is the simplified tax system.
Receipt of payment of the registration fee - 4 thousand rubles.

The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur engaged in waste processing as a business is much simpler. To do this, you will need to submit an application that will indicate individual passport data and selected OKVED codes. The application will also need to be accompanied by a photocopy of the passport (all pages, from the first to the last), and a bank receipt confirming payment of the state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.

Code selection economic activity depends on the specific area of business. The waste processing business belongs to class No. 38, which is divided into several subclasses:

38-1. Organization of waste collection, including:

Non-hazardous - 38.1.1.
Dangerous - 38.1.2.

38-2. Organization of primary processing and disposal of waste, including:

Non-hazardous - 38.2.1.
Dangerous – 38.2.1.

After successfully resolving the issue of state registration of the future enterprise, we proceed to the next stage of the implementation of the business plan for waste processing.

Obtaining permits

Waste processing is considered a potentially hazardous industry, due to the high degree of contamination of the soil and atmosphere with recyclable waste. It is also possible that any toxic or hazardous substances may enter the total mass of recycled waste. And this is fraught with health problems for the employees of the enterprise.

Therefore, the garbage disposal business is under the control of various supervisory authorities. To start production, you will need to obtain a permissive license from these departments. The list of required permits includes:

To use this land for the construction of a waste processing plant. Issued by the territorial department of land use after submitting a corresponding application there.
Sanitary and epidemiological station for the compliance of the premises used for the purposes of waste processing. Issued by the local branch of Rospotrebnadzor, the application is considered within 1 month.
Fire control authorities. Confirms the compliance of the premises with all the requirements and standards of fire safety.
Certificate from the electrical supervision on the full compliance of the production electrical supply systems with the established standards.
Certificate from the local environmental center, confirming the complete safety of the future enterprise for the environment.

Running a waste management business is only possible with a license. The supervisory service for nature management is responsible for issuing these documents. To obtain a license, you will need to pay a fee to the budget in the amount of 24 thousand rubles, and provide the following package of documentation to the employees of the department:

Confirming the availability of the entire material base for the organization of work - the appropriate production premises and the necessary equipment.
Confirming that the enterprise has a staff of employees with the necessary certificates. Copies of certificates with photocopies of employment contracts attached to them are provided for consideration.
Permission to start production activities from the sanitary and epidemiological service.
Information about the nature of the waste with which the enterprise will work as a raw material.
Copies of contracts concluded with solid waste landfills, on the disposal of non-recycled waste residues.

In addition, the supervisory authority will need to provide a certificate from the tax service on state registration of a waste processing organization, copies of constituent documents (for LLC) and an application. You can submit the documents in person by coming to the office of the natural supervision institution. Or by sending them by mail to the addressee by registered mail with a list of all the papers attached to the application.

Legislative standards allocate to employees of this department for consideration of the appeal a period of up to three months. After that, employees will either issue a license or refuse to do so. They must substantiate their refusal with reason so that the applicant has the opportunity to appeal it to higher authorities.

Choice of premises for production

But now all the necessary licenses and permits have been obtained, and the entrepreneur is faced with the question - how to start a business on waste? The next step is to find a suitable space to house all the production lines. For these purposes, an abandoned industrial premises is quite suitable - a workshop or warehouse of a closed factory, a large hangar, a car box. The main condition is that it must be spacious enough to accommodate equipment and have space for the free movement of employees.

It follows from these numbers:

At least 400 sq.m will occupy itself manufacturing facility where the sorting and disposal of raw materials will be carried out.
At least another 200 m 2 will need to be allocated for the storage of imported raw materials and already sorted products.
We should not forget about the accompanying premises - the office, household rooms for the working staff, showers, toilets, etc.

In total, the ideal space for a waste processing plant should be at least 700-800 m2. If you could not find a suitable room, then the only way out is to build it yourself. True, pleasure is not cheap. A pre-fabricated hangar-type structure with a metal frame structure, taking into account the cost of summing up all the necessary communications, will cost an average of 15 to 25 million rubles. The ideal location for the plant is next to the already existing landfill. Thus, it will be possible to save on the export of unprocessed raw materials, and simplify the coordination of all permits with the nature supervision.

Acquisition of the necessary equipment

Another important item of expenditure associated with the launch of a waste processing plant is the acquisition of the equipment necessary for these purposes. On sale in the modern market there are two types of waste processing lines: stationary and mobile. Stationary modifications require a large area for their installation, and are not intended for quick dismantling.

Mobile lines consist of separate blocks, which can be quickly, within one working day, mounted or dismantled again by a team of specialists. They are more compact and do not require permanent buildings for installation: it will be enough to have a canopy to protect electrical equipment from precipitation. The only disadvantage of such models is lower productivity than stationary equipment. In terms of cost, both options are approximately comparable, and will cost the buyer from 3 to 6 million rubles, depending on the manufacturer and configuration.

The standard set of waste processing line includes:

Sorting conveyor line, which moves the garbage.
Hopper storage for raw materials fed to the conveyor.
Crusher for crushing oversized waste.
Electromagnet for extracting metal components from raw materials.
Incinerator.

When purchasing a furnace for burning non-recycled waste, you need to know that this business can only be done in compliance with certain rules. Any violation of the regulations may result in the imposition of large monetary fines, and even revocation of the license.

Recruitment

The next very important stage will be the selection of personnel of the enterprise. It should be borne in mind that with such a seemingly simple matter as sorting garbage, in fact, far from everyone can handle it. Moreover, without the presence of a staff of workers with appropriate certificates, it will be impossible to obtain permission to start work. Therefore, the business plan for a waste processing plant must take this factor into account.

The number of employees directly depends on the size of the processing industry. For example, a workforce for a medium-sized factory would look like this:

Head (director, production manager).
Technologist.
Accountant.
Account Manager.
2-3 drivers, depending on the size of the fleet. However, there is an opportunity to save on this staff unit by concluding a transport service agreement with an outsourcing company.
Production line operators.
Workers-sorters, loaders - from 10 to 30 staff units.

In addition, in fairly large industries, the staff may include narrow specialists: electricians, maintenance technicians, security guards.

Supply of raw materials and marketing of finished products

Like any business, waste recycling is largely dependent on market conditions. Therefore, already at the planning stage, it is necessary to calculate the benefits of a particular specialization. Sorted waste is a fairly liquid product that is in demand by many industrial enterprises. For clarity, we present the market value of one ton of certain types of waste:

Aluminum cans for drinks - up to 50 thousand rubles.
Compressed plastic waste - 15 thousand tons
Shredded rubber of car tires - 15-17 thousand rubles
Paper and cardboard - 10-12 thousand rubles

The data obtained, in order to have a rough idea of the possible income, must be multiplied by the average daily productivity of the sorting line, which is from 8 to 15 tons of raw materials. Based on the above data, you can already draw up an approximate business plan with calculations for waste processing.

Another question that inevitably arises before a waste processing entrepreneur is how to organize the supply of raw materials. This problem can be solved in several ways. For example, to agree with local utilities on the delivery of waste to the plant directly from the place of its collection, that is, from garbage containers. But at the same time, you should have a place equipped according to all the rules where the raw materials will be stored in anticipation of processing.

Another option is to install our own containers for separate collection of solid waste in the city, and acquire special equipment for its removal. This option, of course, is more expensive, but in the future it promises greater profits associated with the accelerated processing of garbage already sorted by the population. It is also possible to agree with the management of solid waste landfills on the collection of certain types of waste. To collect them, you can attract for a small fee various asocial persons (in other words, the homeless), who always live near large landfills.

If you have special vehicles, you can independently conclude agreements on the removal of certain types of waste with large industrial or trade organizations. In this way, you can get the necessary raw materials in advance. These can be cardboard packages, which are accumulated in excess from large supermarkets; plastic, aluminum and glass containers for drinks, which are “rich” in establishments Catering, cafes and restaurants.

As you can see, waste sorting as a business can bring a considerable income to its owner. To obtain a stable profit, you only need to find financial means to start production, obtain all the necessary permits, and competently organize the business.

Under the natural conditions of a modern landfill, waste decomposes within a month, newspapers, cardboard, fallen leaves - up to 4 months, cans and old shoes - up to 10 years, and batteries, tires, plastic bottles and glass - up to 100, 140, 200 and 1000 years respectively. Given their annually increasing volume, humanity will soon run the risk of drowning in the waste products of its life. Moreover, it is no longer possible to fight the problem by banal arson, since large-scale smog flows can cause irreparable harm to public health. In this light, the issue of recycling is of great importance.

The state is taking certain steps in this direction, but business is more able to cope with the task. In Europe, waste recycling generates huge revenues, which has become the reason for high competition in this area. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the industry is still underdeveloped, which gives excellent chances to eventually take a leading position, becoming one of the largest suppliers of secondary raw materials industrial enterprises.

Industry Features

The profitability of a medium-sized waste processing plant can reach 30% or more. However, when organizing production, the entrepreneur will face a number of difficulties.

The cost of the complex, designed for the collection and delivery, acceptance, processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of most types (excluding hazardous ones, which require separate licenses and high-tech equipment), will require more than tens of millions of dollars. And most of it will be the cost of the installations themselves. In addition, you will have to look for a production area larger than 500 m² and corresponding warehouses. In most cases, building from scratch is more profitable than renting, despite the high costs. One of the additional articles in this case will be the laying of communications, obtaining permits, licenses, approvals, and so on.

Help make it easier to start governmental support, loans, grants and other ways to obtain additional funding. When negotiating, remember that the introduction of modern and safe ways waste recycling is beneficial to local authorities. This can be a good argument in favor of land acquisition or the provision of optimal premises.

Entrepreneurs who are not yet ready for such large-scale investments can find their niche with local projects. For example, organize the reception of already sorted garbage of a certain type. Or just processing it. In this case, you only need to purchase a complete line for working with one or another type of raw material (most often, we are talking about paper, glass or plastic).

Types of MSW in terms of profitability

Ideally, a full-fledged plant should perform the full range of waste sorting and recycling functions:

acceptance of municipal solid waste (sorted and mixed);
sorting and processing of suitable resources (waste paper, polymers, broken glass, textiles, scrap metal);
production of structural products from recycled secondary raw materials.

However, in practice, novice entrepreneurs most often choose a narrow direction of activity. At the same time, several typical “scenarios” of the enterprise operation can be distinguished, depending on the type chosen:

Cardboard and paper. In this case, you can organize a small enterprise that collects, presses and sells the resulting product, or open a full-fledged processing plant.
Polymers. Similar to the previous point. The most common companies are collecting waste and making recycled pellets from it, which are then purchased by enterprises in the production of plastic products.
Glass. As a rule, entrepreneurs choose between the collection of containers (cullet) and the business of processing it.
Tires. Here, most often we are talking about full-cycle enterprises - from collection to processing. Work can be carried out according to one of three algorithms: motor transport enterprises, purchase from the population with the organization of collection points or paid acceptance for processing.

The priority work strategy and the type of raw materials are determined based on several factors that are individual for each locality. The most important of them is the norms of MSW accumulation. This indicator indicates their number, formed per unit of time in certain conditions. Knowing this, it is possible to accurately calculate how much raw material can be obtained by working in a certain area.

Speaking of profitability, we can cite the following data:

aluminum, steel, other metal - almost 100% of the raw materials obtained are processed;
textiles - depending on the type of fibers, up to 50% of the material is subject to processing;
waste paper - the share of useful raw materials in unsorted waste is about 35%;
glass - similar to waste paper.

Considering the prospects of this business, it is also necessary to take into account the liquidity of raw materials. It can be:

highly liquid- a class of secondary raw materials, from which, as a result of processing, under existing conditions, it is possible to obtain products demanded by customers and sell them profitably. These are scrap metal of all types, clean waste from the paper and textile industries, cullet without impurities, etc.
Medium liquid- MSW of medium quality, suitable for obtaining demanded products, but not highly profitable (the cost of the finished material is approximately equal to the cost on the market). These are mixed waste paper, cardboard, plastic with impurities, textiles, large wooden elements, broken glass, tires.
Weakly liquid- requiring significant efforts for disposal and unprofitable for recycling. These are moisture-resistant cardboard and paper, polymer mixtures, bird fluff, cullet with significant contamination. In this case, you can earn income by recycling waste at the expense of the supplier.
Illiquid- hazardous waste that cannot be disposed of. For example, multi-layer polymer packaging, laminated paper are not suitable for obtaining secondary raw materials, therefore they are processed at the expense of the customer or special sources of financing - municipalities, etc.

At the moment, about 93% of garbage is taken to landfills and landfills in the Russian Federation. Given the volume, many entrepreneurs have every chance to occupy a worthy niche in a growing business.

Where to get raw materials?

The simplest, but also the most labor-intensive way is to agree with the management of landfills or the municipality on the possibility of independently selecting the necessary garbage. As a rule, at this stage it is beneficial to involve an “asocial element” in the work.

A more "clean" technology is to conclude agreements with markets, institutions, enterprises for the removal of sorted waste of the category you need. In this case, "they" reduce the cost of garbage disposal, the entrepreneur receives the necessary materials. True, this does not work with all types of garbage.

Where to dispose of recycled waste?

One ton of processed and compressed polymer waste on the market costs about 15 thousand rubles, aluminum cans - about 50 thousand rubles, crumb rubber- about 16 thousand rubles, cardboard - about 12 thousand rubles. The daily productivity of the average capacity of the waste processing line is 8-10 tons of recyclables. Accordingly, the monthly turnover will be several million rubles, depending on other initial data.

For the most part, consumers of recycled waste paper, tin and polymers are various industries. Such companies are present in different regions and, as practice shows, they are happy to buy raw materials from local producers. However, it must be remembered that the consumer is already accustomed to comfort and prefers to receive high-quality cleaned and carefully pressed raw materials, which are easy to work with and convenient to store.

What documents are needed to register a business?

Each country and even region will have its own peculiarities of registering a waste processing enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to visit a number of instances and consult with specialists from each of them. When opening a business abroad, it is advisable to immediately enlist the support of a qualified lawyer.

The priority form of business registration will be or its equivalent in your country. In the Russian Federation, for this, it is necessary to provide the company's charter, memorandum of association, minutes of the meeting of owners and an application (form 11001).

Large financial flows in the process of activity make the system of OSNO taxation optimal for the plant. In this case, income tax will be 20%, and VAT - 18%. At the same time, the entrepreneur is not threatened with restrictions on the number of personnel, the value of property, and others. When registering, code 38 is indicated, which allows you to deal with the processing and disposal of everything.

Since most types of solid waste are classified as 4-5 hazard classes, it is necessary to obtain a processing license, which is issued by the district Rosprirodnadzor. Experts will conduct an environmental review and issue a permit. Further, permissions from the SES, water and communal services of the settlement, as well as fire protection authorities will be required. In total, registration issues take from 3 to 4 months.

Recruitment

Since waste sorting and recycling are "dirty" processes with low wages, there are not many applicants for a vacant position. However, to launch even a small plant, it is necessary to include 25-30 employees in the staff. And even if they are found from the first moment, you need to be prepared for a staff turnover - not everyone can withstand prolonged contact with garbage.

In order to retain existing and attract new personnel, an entrepreneur needs to optimize salaries for a particular region, take care of comfortable working conditions (uniforms, disposable protective items, showers), and think over ways to motivate. Wage employees - the main point of expenditure, however, at this stage of the development of the industry, without people, the enterprise simply will not function.

Waste recycling technology

At a universal plant, the waste recycling process includes the following steps:

The waste delivered from the landfill is unloaded to the receiving area, where bulky waste is manually removed - construction, household appliances, furniture, etc.
By means of a loader, the remaining mass is transferred to a receiving hopper, from where it is fed to an inclined and then to a horizontal conveyor.
Waste is sorted by type on the horizontal conveyor. This operation is performed manually by employees in the amount of 8-15 people.
Sorted garbage through the hatches in the overpass is placed in carts and delivered to the presses (each for its own type of garbage).
Garbage is pressed into briquettes, tied and sent to the warehouse, and then to the customer, as a rule, for further processing.

Necessary equipment

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The complete set of the waste processing line depends on the type of solid waste and the scale of activity. A classic full-cycle plant (from waste reception to pressing and storage) includes a number of units:

Reception bunker. This can be a container or a concrete covered area where large-sized garbage is removed from the mass of waste. The supply of solid waste to the conveyor can be carried out automatically or using loading equipment.
Receiving hopper with apron conveyor. This node is necessary for the uniform supply of garbage for sorting.
Separator. Here small fractions of garbage are eliminated.
Horizontal Belt Conveyor. In most cases, it is serviced by operators who select certain fractions and dump them into separate containers. Depending on the types of waste selected for recycling, the number of operators (and the containers themselves) may be different.
Main separator for collecting ferrous metal(usually placed at the end of the pipeline).
Receiving hopper for non-recyclable waste.
storage bins for sorted.
Baling presses- for each type of garbage separate.
Storage device for bulky waste.

In addition to the equipment listed, consumables may be required for recycling. For example, to prevent delamination and scattering of finished briquettes at the pressing stage, special compounds are introduced into the mass. Another option to make transportation more comfortable is to purchase a knitting line, where the briquettes are wrapped with strap tape or polyester film.

How much does the whole complex cost?

Building from scratch a universal plant designed to collect and process the maximum possible number of types of waste (from waste paper and plastic to rubber and glass) will cost about $20 million. A small workshop, designed to work with a certain type of raw material, can be organized for 50-200 thousand dollars.

A couple of years ago, people from RAO UES decided to get into the "garbage business". The total investment in the company GK "Eco-system" amounted to 16 billion rubles. The profitability of this area is estimated at 30%, which, together with the required volume of cash injections, makes it unbearable and uninteresting for small and medium-sized businesses. Contrary to popular belief, in Europe, the construction of plants for the disposal and processing of solid waste is also mainly carried out by energy giants. For example, not the largest plant in Cardiff is being built by the German E. On.