Saint Petersburg

The guidelines provide calculation formulas for determining the standards for the generation of waste typical for motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), service stations (SRT), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.

This material is intended for developers of waste disposal projects. employees of environmental services of enterprises and organizations, specialists of Lenkomecology, employees of executive authorities and municipal bodies, students of the system of additional education.

FOREWORD .............................................................. ................................................. ....... 5

1. Calculation of the norms for the generation of production and consumption waste .................................... 6

1. 1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles ............... 6

1. 2. Waste batteries .......................................................... ................... 6

1. 2. 2. Spent lead starter batteries without electrolyte 7

1. 2. 3. Lead-containing plates .............................................. ............... 7

1. 2. 5. Spent electrolyte .............................................. .................... 7

1. 2. 6. Residues from electrolyte neutralization .............................................. ..... eight

1. 3. Waste filter elements of the car engine lubrication system 10

1. 6. Waste oils.................................................... ................................. eleven

1. 6. 2. Waste industrial oil .............................................. .... 12

1. 6. 3. Emulsion from the compressor oil trap .............................................. 12

1. 7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks .............................................. 13

1. 8. Waste treatment facilities storm drains and car wash installations 15

1. 8. 1. Sludge from sewage treatment plants .............................................. .............. 15

1. 9. Metal chips .......................................... ............................. 15

1. 10. Metal-containing dust............................................... ........................... sixteen

1. 12. Welding electrode stubs .............................................. ................... 17

1. 13. Oiled rags .............................................. ............................... 17

1. 14. Packaging 18

1. 15. Waste solvents.................................................... ............................... eighteen

1. 16. Sludge from hydrofilters of spray booths .............................................. ........ nineteen

1. 17. Rubber dust .............................................. ............................................ nineteen

1. 18. Coal slag, coal ash .............................................................. 19

1. 20. Waste fluorescent and mercury lamps .............................................................. 22

1. 22. Household waste............................................... ............................................... 23

1. 23. Food waste .......................................................... ...................................... 25

1. 24. Estimates from the territory ............................... ......................................... 25

2. Automation of the calculation of standards for the formation of production and consumption waste. 26

FOREWORD

Methods for determining the amount of generated production and consumption waste must be mastered to solve the following issues in the field of waste management: selective collection, selection of temporary accumulation sites at the enterprise site, rationing, transportation, disposal.

General provisions on methods for determining the amount of generated waste are given in the "Temporary rules for the protection environment from production and consumption waste in Russian Federation”, M., 1994 and in the “Temporary guidelines for the design of draft standards for the maximum disposal of waste for an enterprise”.

The Guidelines contain calculation formulas for determining the standards for the generation of waste typical for motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), service stations (SRT), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.

1. Calculation of education standards

1. 1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles

The calculation of the amount of ferrous metal scrap generated during the repair of vehicles is made according to the formula:

M = S n i õ m i x L i n i x k h.m.

where: n i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

m i - the mass of the car of the i-th brand, t,

L i is the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km/year,

k h. m. - specific standard for the replacement of parts made of ferrous metals during repairs,%,
k h. m. = 1-10% (according to the inventory).

The summation is made for all brands of cars.

1. 2. Used batteries

As an example, the calculation of the amount of waste lead batteries is considered.

Used batteries can be recycled either assembled or disassembled. When batteries are dismantled, the following types of waste are generated: lead-containing plates (lead-containing scrap), plastic (plastic battery case), electrolyte neutralization residue.

1. 2. 1. Waste lead batteries
starter with electrolyte

The number of used batteries generated during the operation of vehicles is determined by the formula:

N = S N auto i * n i / T i , (pcs/year)

aut i
types of batteries for cars of this brand are given in;

ni is the number of batteries in the car, pcs; (usually for carburetor
cars - 1 pc., for diesel - maybe 2 pcs.),

Ti - operating life of batteries of the i-th brand, year
T i

The weight of the resulting spent batteries is:

M \u003d S N i * m i * 10 -3, (t / year)

where: N i - the number of used batteries of the i-th brand, pieces / year,

m i - weight of one battery of the i-th brand with electrolyte, kg.

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

1. 2. 2. Spent lead starter batteries
without electrolyte

The mass of used batteries without electrolyte is calculated according to the formula given in paragraph 2. 2.,

where: m i is the weight of the i-type battery without electrolyte, kg

1. 2. 3. Lead plates

The amount of lead-containing scrap is determined by the formula:

M \u003d S m i * N i * 10 -3

i - mass of lead-containing plates in the battery
i-th type, kg,

1. 2. 4. Plastic (plastic battery case)

The amount of plastic formed is calculated by the formula:

where: m i is the mass of plastic in the i-type battery, kg;
the value is given in GOSTs or data sheet for this type
battery,

N i - the number of batteries of the i-th type, pcs.

1. 2. 5. Spent electrolyte

one). The amount of spent electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d S m i * N i * 10 -3

where: m i - the weight of the electrolyte in the battery of the i-th brand, kg;

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

1. 2. 6. Residues from electrolyte neutralization

Neutralization of the electrolyte can be done with slaked or quicklime.

quicklime

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the reaction equation,

M pr - the amount of lime impurities that have passed into the sediment,

The neutralization of the electrolyte with quicklime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 2 O \u003d CaSO 4 . 2 O

4 .

* M e * C / 98, t / year

where: M e - the amount of spent electrolyte, t

The amount of lime (M out) required to neutralize the electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M of * M e *

where: 56 - molecular weight of calcium oxide,

M pr \u003d M from * (1 - P)

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C) - M e * C * 18 / 98 \u003d M e * (1 - 1.18 C)

M os ow \u003d M + M pr water

water os vl * 100

2). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed during the neutralization of the electrolyte slaked lime is produced according to the formula:

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the equation

The neutralization of the electrolyte with slaked lime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 \u003d CaSO 4 . 2H2O

4 . 2 H 2 O in accordance with the reaction equation is:

M \u003d 172 * M e * C / 98, t / year

where: M e
C - mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35
172 - molecular weight of calcium sulfate crystalline hydrate,

98 is the molecular weight of sulfuric acid.

Amount of lime (M out)

M out \u003d 74 * M e * C / 98 / R

where: 74 is the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide,

P - mass fraction of the active part in lime, P = 0.4-0.9, depending on the brand and
lime varieties.

The amount of lime impurities (M pr), which has passed into the sediment, is:

M pr \u003d M from *

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C)

The amount of wet sediment formed, taking into account impurities in lime, is:

M = M + M pr water

The moisture content of the sediment is: M water os wl * 100

1. 3. Used filter elements

M \u003d S N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3 (t / year),

n i - the number of filters installed on the car of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - the weight of one filter on the car of the i-th brand, kg;

filter elements, thousand km.

The calculation of the number of used tires with steel cord and fabric cord is carried out separately. The calculation of the number of used tires (t / year) from vehicles is carried out according to the formula:

i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3 (t/year),

i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of tires installed on the car of the i-th brand, pcs. ;

m i - the weight of one worn tire of this type, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacing tires, thousand km.

It is more convenient to present the calculation in the form of a table, general form which is presented in table 1.

Table 1.

1. 5. Used brake pads

Replacement of brake pads is carried out during TO-2.

Calculation of the number of used brake pads (t/year) is made according to the formula:

M \u003d S N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of brake pads for vehicles of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - mass of one lining of the brake shoe of the i-th brand, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement
brake pads, thousand km.

1. 6. Used oils

1. 6. 1. Engine and transmission oils

(MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil can be carried out in two ways.

one). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through fuel consumption is made according to the formula:

М = S N i * q i * L i * n i * H * r * 10 -4 (t/year),

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

q i - fuel consumption rate per 100 km, l / 100 km;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

n i - oil consumption rate per 100 l of fuel, l/100 l;
consumption rate of engine oil for a carburetor engine
n MK \u003d 2.4 l / 100 l;
diesel engine oil consumption rate
n md
transmission oil consumption rate for a carburetor engine
n shopping mall = 0.3 l / 100 l;

N td \u003d 0.4 l / 100 l;

H is the rate of collection of waste oil products, fractions of 1; H \u003d 0.12 - 0.15;

2). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through the volume of lubrication systems is carried out separately by type of oil according to the formula:

M \u003d S N i * V i * L i / L n i * k * r * 10 -3, t / year

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

V i - the volume of oil poured into the car of the i-th brand during maintenance, l,

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

k - coefficient of completeness of oil drain, k=0.9,

r - waste oil density, kg/l, r=0.9 kg/l.

1. 6. 2. Waste industrial oil

The amount of used oil used in the heat treatment of parts is determined by the formula:

where: V is the working volume of the bath used for hardening parts, m3,

n is the number of oil changes per year,

2). Industrial oils formed during the operation of machine tools, compressors, presses (MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The amount of used oil drained from the equipment is determined by the formula:

М = S N i * V * n * k с * r * 10 -3, t/year

V is the volume of the oil crankcase of equipment of the i-th brand, l, crankcase volumes
are given in the passports for this type of equipment,

1. 6. 3. Emulsion from the compressor oil trap

M \u003d S N i * n i * t i * 10 -6

where: N i - the number of compressors of the i-th brand, pcs.,

n i - consumption rate of compressor oil for lubricating the compressor of the i-th brand, g/hour;
oil consumption rates for lubrication are given in the passports for this type
equipment,

t i - the average number of hours of operation of compressors of the i-th brand per year, hour / year,

1. 7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks

one). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks through the height of the sediment layer is carried out in accordance with.

For tanks with diesel fuel related to oil products of group 2, and for tanks with fuel oil related to oil products of group 3, the amount of oil sludge formed is the sum of oil products adhering to the walls of the tank and sediment.

For tanks with gasoline belonging to group 1 oil products, in the calculation it is permissible to neglect the amount of oil products adhering to the walls of the tank.

M = K n * S, t

n is the coefficient of oil product sticking to the vertical

for oil products of 2-3 groups K n \u003d 1.3-5.3 kg / m2;

S - sticking surface area, m2.

The sticking surface area of vertical cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

S = 2 * p * r * H, m2

H is the height of the cylindrical part, m.

The sticking surface area of horizontal cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

for tanks with flat bottoms:

S = 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * r 2 = 2 * p * r (L + r), m2
where: r - radius of the tank bottom, m,

L is the length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with conical bottoms:

S = 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * r * a = 2 * * r (L + a), m2
where: r - radius of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

a - the length of the generatrix of the conical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with spherical bottoms:

S \u003d 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * (r 2 + h 2) \u003d 2 * p (r * L + r 2 + h 2), m2

L - length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

h - height of the spherical segment of the tank, m.

The mass of sediment in a vertical cylindrical tank is determined by the formula:

P = p * r 2 * *

where: r - internal radius of the tank, m,

h - draft height, m,

r - sediment density, equal to 1 t/m3.

The mass of sediment in a cylindrical horizontal tank is determined by the formula:

P = 1 / 2 * * *

b = Ö a 2 2 / 3)

r - inner radius of the tank, m,

a - the length of the chord limiting the sediment surface from above, m,

a = 2 Ö 2 h r - h 2

h - sediment height, m, (accepted according to inventory data),

r - sediment density, equal to 1 t/m3,

2). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks, taking into account the specific standards of formation, is carried out according to the formula:

M \u003d V * k * -3, t / year

k - specific standard for the formation of oil sludge per 1 ton of stored
fuel, kg/t,

for tanks with gasoline k = 0.04 kg per 1 ton of gasoline,

for tanks with diesel fuel k = 0.9 kg per 1 ton of diesel fuel

· for tanks with fuel oil k = 46 kg per 1 ton of fuel oil.

1. 8. Waste from storm water treatment plants
and car wash installations

1. 8. 1. Sludge from sewage treatment plants

The amount of sludge from treatment facilities (in the absence of chemical treatment), taking into account its moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year,

C to - concentration of suspended solids before treatment facilities, mg/l,

C after - the concentration of suspended solids after treatment facilities, mg / l,

B is the humidity of the sediment, %.

When used for purification of reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment formed from the applied amount of reagents.

1. 8. 2. Floating oil products

The amount of floating oil products, taking into account moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d Q x (C before after) x 10 -6 / (1 - B / 100), t / year

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year

C to - concentration of oil products to treatment facilities, mg / l,

C after - concentration of oil products after treatment facilities, mg / l,

1. 9. Metal shavings

The amount of metal chips generated during metal processing is determined by the formula:

М = Q * k str / 100, t/year

k str - the standard for the formation of metal chips,%, (approximately 10-15%, more accurately determined by inventory data).

1. 10. Metal dust

one). In the presence of an agreed volume of MPE, the amount of metal-containing dust generated during the operation of metal-working machines and collected in the hopper of a dust-collecting apparatus is determined by the formula:

where: M MPE - gross emission of metal dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

2). In the absence of an agreed volume of MPE, the amount of metal-containing dust generated during the operation of metal-working machines and collected in the hopper of a dust-collecting apparatus is determined by the formula:

* K i * T i * h / (1 - h) * -3 , t/year

where: K i - specific emission of metal dust during operation
machine of the i-th type, g / s,

The summation is made for all types of equipment from which air is discharged into this dust collector.

1. 11. Abrasive metal dust and scrap of abrasive products

one). In the presence of an agreed volume of MPE, the amount of abrasive-metal dust generated during the operation of tool-grinding and grinding-grinding machines and collected in the dust collector hopper is determined by the formula:

M a-m \u003d M MPE *

where: M MPE

The amount of scrap of abrasive products (if there is a volume of MPD) is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d M a-m / h * k 2 (1 - k 1) / k 1, t / year

where: M a-m - abrasive metal dust captured in the cyclone, t / year,

k 2 - the proportion of abrasive in the abrasive metal dust, ,

for corundum abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.35,

for diamond abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.10,

2). In the absence of an agreed volume of MPE or in the absence of emissions of abrasive metal dust into the atmosphere, the amount of abrasive metal dust generated during the operation of tool-grinding and grinding-grinding machines and collected in the hopper of a dust-collecting apparatus is determined by the formula:

M a-m i * m i * k 1 2 * h * 10 -3, t/year

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, fractions of 1.

The amount of scrap of abrasive products is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d S n i * m i * (1 - k 1) * -3, t / year

where: n i - the number of abrasive wheels of the i-th type used per year, pcs / year,

m i - mass of a new abrasive wheel of the i-th type, kg,

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

1. 12. Welding electrode stubs

The number of formed butts of welding electrodes is determined by the formula:

M \u003d G * * 10 -5, t / year

n is the standard for the formation of cinders from the consumption of electrodes, %, n=15%.

1. 13. Oiled rags

The amount of oiled rags is determined by the formula:

The amount of container waste generated is determined by the formula:

P \u003d S Q i / M i * m i * 10 -3,

i - annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th type, kg,

M i - weight of raw materials of the i-th type in the package, kg,

m i - the weight of the empty packaging from raw materials of the i-th type, kg.

1. 15. Waste solvents

The amount of spent solvent used when washing parts is determined by the formula:

М = S V * * n * k с * r, t/year

where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,

k is the filling factor of the bath with a solvent, in fractions of 1,

n is the number of solvent changes per year,

k c - waste solvent collection coefficient (according to inventory data), in fractions of 1,

r is the density of the spent solvent, t/m3.

1. 16. Sludge from spray booth hydraulic filters

The amount of sludge extracted from the hydrofilter baths of spray booths is calculated in accordance with the formula:

M \u003d m k * d a * (1 - f a *

where: m to - consumption of paint used for coating, t / year,

d a - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,%, is taken according to table 2,

f a - the proportion of the volatile part (solvent) in paintwork materials,%, taken according to table 1,

k - coefficient of air purification in the hydrofilter, %, taken 86-97% in accordance with ,

1. 17. Rubber dust

The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust collection installation is given.

Rubber dust is formed at the enterprises of the profile under consideration during the roughening of worn tires or tubes.

The amount of rubber dust caught in the cyclone is determined by the formula:

M = M MPE * h / (1 - h), t/year

where: M MPE - gross emission of rubber dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collector (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1

1. 18. Coal slag, coal ash

The amount of ash and slag generated during the combustion of coal in the boiler plant is calculated in accordance with.

G shl \u003d 0.01 * B * a w (A p + q 4 * Q p n / 32.6), t / year

The amount of ash deposited in the boiler flues is determined by the formula:

G \u003d 0.01 * B * k (A p + q 4 * Q p n

The amount of ash deposited in the ash collector is determined by the formula:

G ash catches \u003d 0.01 * * (1 - a w - k) [A p + q 4 * Q p n / 32.6] * h, t / year

And r - ash content of fuel,%,

Q r n - calorific value of fuel, MJ / kg,

q 4 - loss with mechanical incompleteness of combustion,%,

a w is the proportion of fuel ash that turns into slag, in fractions of 1,

k is the share of fuel ash, fly ash deposited on the boiler flues, in fractions of 1.

p) and calorific value (Q p n) of the fuel are determined according to Table 1-1 or according to the fuel certificate.

The output of slag and ash during the combustion of solid fuels is determined according to table 7-2, given below:

1. 19. Woodworking waste

1. 19. 1. Lump wood waste

M c \u003d Q * r * C / 100, t / year

where: Q is the amount of processed wood, m3/year,

wood,

C - the amount of lumpy wood waste from the consumption of raw materials,%,

The volume of generated lumpy wood waste is determined by the formula:

k - coefficient of total wood content of lumpy waste (segments
lumber), k = 0.57,

1. 19. 2. Wood shavings, sawdust

one). The amount of wood shavings and sawdust in the absence of local suction and dust collection equipment is determined by the formula:

M st, op = M st + M op = Q * * C st / 100 + Q * r * C op / 100, t/year

where: M st - the amount of waste chips, t / year,

M op - the amount of sawdust waste, t / year,

Q is the amount of processed wood, m3/year,

r - wood density, t/m3, r=0.46-0.73 t/m3 depending on the type

wood,

C st - the amount of waste chips from the consumption of raw materials,%,

C op - the amount of waste sawdust from the consumption of raw materials,%,

taken depending on the type of product according to the table. 11.8.,

The volume of sawdust and chips formed is determined by the formula:

V = M st / r / k st + M op / r / k op

where: k st - coefficient of full wood chips, k \u003d 0.11,

k op - sawdust full-wood ratio, k = 0.28.

2). The amount of wood shavings and sawdust in the presence of local suction and dust collection equipment is determined by the formula in accordance with:

M st, op \u003d [ Q * r / 100 (C st op * [ 1 - 0.9 * K p * 10 -2 * (1-h) ], t / year

where: 0.9 - coefficient of efficiency of local suctions,

K p - coefficient of dust content in waste, depending on the method
mechanical processing of wood (sawing, planing, grinding
etc.), %, is determined according to the table. 11.9.,

h - coefficient of efficiency of dust-collecting equipment, in fractions of 1.

The calculation of the number of used lamps is carried out separately for fluorescent lamps, tubular and mercury lamps for outdoor lighting.

The number of used lamps is determined by the formula:

N = S n i * t i i

t i - the actual number of hours of operation of lamps of the i-brand, hour / year,

k i - operational service life of lamps of the i-th brand, hour.

For fluorescent lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

For mercury lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

1. 21. Sewer waste

Sewer waste is generated during the cleaning of sewer wells. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of cleaning the wells.

M \u003d N * n * m * 10 -3, t / year

m is the weight of the waste extracted from one well during manual cleaning, kg.

one). When cleaning wells with a sewage machine, the well is filled with water, the sediment is stirred up, then all the contents are pumped out of the well into the sewage machine. The amount of sewage pumped into the sewage truck is calculated by the formula:

М = N * n * V * r, t/year

where: N - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pieces / year,

n - the number of sweeps of one well per year, once a year,

V is the volume of waste pumped from one well to a sewage truck, m3,

r - waste density, r=1 t/m3.

Number of generated household waste determined taking into account the specific standards of education in accordance with. When new normative documents specific norms for the generation of household waste are adopted in accordance with these documents.

one). The amount of household waste generated as a result of the life of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:

* m, m3/year

where: N - the number of employees at the enterprise, people,

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 worker per year, m3/year.

2). The amount of household waste generated as a result of cooking in the canteen is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

М = S * m, m3/year

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 m2 of storage facilities, m3/m2.

4). The amount of household waste generated in a polyclinic (first-aid post) is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

where: N - the number of visits per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of household waste generation per visit, m3/visit.

where: S - serviced area of the enterprise, m2;

m - specific rate of generation of household waste per 1 m2 of serviced area

enterprises, m3/m2 (standards are taken in accordance with Table 2 below);

table 2

accumulation of municipal solid waste generated as a result of activities

retail trade enterprises

The rates are based on 365 working days per year. The presented standards refer to enterprises located in the area of medium-populated buildings. For enterprises located in a zone of dense residential development with adjacent transport hubs, the coefficient k = 1 is applied. 0-1. 8. For enterprises located in the area adjacent to metro stations, the coefficient k = 1 is applied. 5-1. 8. The standards are indicated without taking into account the implementation of selective collection.

1. 23. Food waste

The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:

M \u003d N * m * 10 -3

where: N - the number of dishes prepared in the canteen per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of food waste generation per 1 dish, kg/dish.

The amount of estimates from the territory, formed during the cleaning of hard surfaces, is determined by the formula:

M \u003d S * m * -3, t / year

where: S is the area of hard surfaces to be cleaned, m2,

m c - specific rate of formation of estimates from 1 m2 of hard coatings, kg / m2,
m s \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.

LITERATURE

2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. M., Transport, 1986.

3. Methodology for conducting an inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (calculation method). M., 1991.

6. Regulations technological waste and losses of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral purpose). M., Economics, 1983.

7. Secondary material resources of the Gossnab nomenclature (formation and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.

9. Low pressure discharge lamps. 09.50.01-90. M., Informelectro, 1990.

11. V. F. Efimkina and N. N. Sofronov. Luminaires with gas discharge lamps high pressure. M., Energoatomizdat, 1984.

12. A. Yu. Valdberg and L. M. Isyanov. Dust collection technology. L., Mashinostroenie, 1985.

13. V. N. Serdechny, N. A. Byzov, and A. K. Khaimusov. Consumption rates of fuel and lubricants in the timber industry. Directory. M., Timber industry, 1990.

14. Roddatis K. F. Poltaretsky A. N. Handbook of boiler installations of low productivity. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989.

15. All-Union norms of technological design of road transport enterprises. ONTP-01-91 Minavtotrans RSFSR. M., 1991.

MU-200-RSFSR-12-0207-83. M., 1984.

17. Norms of technological losses during cleaning of tanks (Instead of

18. Yakovlev V. S. “Storage of petroleum products. Problems of environmental protection”. M., Chemistry, 1987.

19. Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere during the mechanical processing of metals (based on specific indicators), approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection dated April 14, 1997 No. 158.

20. GOST 12. 3. 028-82 "Processes of processing with abrasive and CBN tools". Safety requirements.

21. GOST 2270-78 “Abrasive tool. The main dimensions of the fastening elements.

24. T. A. Fialkovskaya and I. S. Seredneva. Ventilation when painting products. M., Mashinostroenie, 1986.

25. Yu. P. Solovyov. Design of heat supply installations for industrial enterprises. M., Energy, 1978.

26. Regulatory indicators of specific emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the main types of technological equipment of enterprises in the industry. Kharkov, 1991.

27. Instructions for the organization and technology of mechanized cleaning of populated areas. Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR. AKH im. K. D. Panfilova. M., 1980.

29. Order No. 128 dated 27.09.94 of the Committee for Urban Management of the City Hall of St. Petersburg. Annex 1. Standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste.

30. Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas. Directory. M., AKH, 1997.

31. SNiP 2. 07. 01-89. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements.

Approved in 1998:

2. State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in St. Petersburg;

small-sized,

oversized

APPENDIX to "Temporary
methodological recommendations for the design of draft standards for the maximum disposal of waste for the enterprise "

Saint Petersburg

FOREWORD .............................................................. ................................................. ....... 5

1. Calculation of the norms for the generation of production and consumption waste .................................... 6

1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles .............................. 6

1.2. Waste batteries .................................................................. ............... 6

1.2.1. Spent lead starter batteries with electrolyte 6

1.2.2. Spent lead starter batteries without electrolyte 7

1.2.3. Lead plates .................................................................. ......... 7

1.2.4. Plastic (plastic battery case) .............................................. 7

1.2.5. Spent electrolyte .................................................................. .............. 7

1.2.6. Electrolyte Neutralization Residue............................................................... 8

1.3. Waste filter elements of the car engine lubrication system 10

1.4. Waste car tires .............................................................. ......... 10

1.5. Used brake pads.................................................................... 10

1.6. Waste oils .................................................................. ............................. eleven

1.6.1. Engine and transmission oils............................................................... eleven

1.6.2. Waste industrial oil............................................................... 12

1.6.3. Emulsion from the compressor oil trap .............................................. 12

1.7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks .............................................. 13

1.8. Waste from storm water treatment plants and vehicle washing plants 15

1.8.1. Sludge from sewage treatment plants .............................................. ........ 15

1.8.2. Floating oil products .................................................................. ...... 15

1.9. Metal shavings ................................................................ ......................... 15

1.10. Metal-containing dust .................................................................. ....................... sixteen

1.11. Abrasive-metal dust and scrap of abrasive products .............................. 16

1.12. Welding electrode stubs ............................................................... ................. 17

1.13. Oiled rag .................................................................. ........................... 17

1.14. Container 18

1.15. Solvent Waste .................................................................. ........................... eighteen

1.16. Sludge from hydrofilters of spray booths .............................................................. .... nineteen

1.17. Rubber dust .................................................. ........................................ nineteen

1.18. Coal slag, coal ash .............................................................. 19

1.19. Woodworking waste .................................................................. ....................... twenty

1.19.1. Lumpy wood waste .............................................................. ......... twenty

1.19.2. Wood shavings, sawdust ....................................................... ........... 21

1.20. Waste fluorescent and mercury lamps............................................................... 22

1.21. Sewer waste .................................................................. ...................... 22

1.22. Household waste................................................ ................................... 23

1.23. Food waste................................................ ................................. 25

1.24. Estimates from the territory ............................................... ................................. 25

2. Automation of the calculation of standards for the formation of production and consumption waste. 26

LITERATURE................................................. ................................................. ........ 27

FOREWORD

General provisions on methods for determining the amount of generated waste are given in the "Temporary rules for environmental protection from production and consumption waste in the Russian Federation", M., 1994 and in the "Temporary guidelines for the design of draft standards for the maximum disposal of waste for an enterprise."

1. Calculation of education standards
production and consumption waste

1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles

The calculation of the amount of ferrous metal scrap generated during the repair of vehicles is made according to the formula:

M = S n i õ m i x L i / L n i x k / 100, t/year

where: n i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

m i - the mass of the car of the i-th brand, t,

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - rolling stock mileage before repair, thousand km.

k h.m. - specific standard for the replacement of parts made of ferrous metals during repairs,%,
k h.m. = 1-10% (according to inventory data).

100 is a conversion factor.

The summation is made for all brands of cars.

1.2. Used batteries

As an example, the calculation of the amount of waste lead batteries is considered.

Currently, enterprises have appeared that accept used batteries with electrolyte for processing.

1.2.1. Spent lead batteries
starter with electrolyte

The number of used batteries generated during the operation of vehicles is determined by the formula:

N = S N auto i * n i / T i , (pcs/year)

where: N auto i - the number of vehicles equipped with batteries of the i-th type;
types of batteries for cars of this brand are given in;

ni is the number of batteries in the car, pcs; (usually for carburetor
cars - 1 pc., for diesel - maybe 2 pcs.),

Ti - operating life of batteries of the i-th brand, year
T i \u003d 1.5-3 years, depending on the brand of cars.

The weight of the resulting spent batteries is:

M \u003d S N i * m i * 10 -3, (t / year)

where: N i - the number of used batteries of the i-th brand, pieces / year,

m i - weight of one battery of the i-th brand with electrolyte, kg.

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

1.2.2. Spent lead starter batteries
without electrolyte

The mass of used batteries without electrolyte is calculated according to the formula given in paragraph 2.2.,

where: m i is the weight of the i-type battery without electrolyte, kg

1.2.3. Lead-containing plates

The amount of lead-containing scrap is determined by the formula:

where: m i is the mass of lead-containing plates in the battery
i-th type, kg,

1.2.4. Plastic (plastic battery case)

The amount of plastic formed is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d S m i * N i * 10 -3, t / year,

where: m i is the mass of plastic in the i-type battery, kg;
the value is given in GOSTs or data sheet for this type
battery,

N i - the number of batteries of the i-th type, pcs.

1.2.5. Spent electrolyte

one). The amount of spent electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d S m i * N i * 10 -3

where: m i - the weight of the electrolyte in the battery of the i-th brand, kg;

N i - the number of used batteries of the i-th brand, pieces;

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

1.2.6. Residues from electrolyte neutralization

Neutralization of the electrolyte can be done with slaked or quicklime.

one). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed during the neutralization of the electrolyte quicklime

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the reaction equation,

The neutralization of the electrolyte with quicklime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 + CaO + H 2 O \u003d CaSO 4 . 2H2O

M out \u003d 56 * M e * C / 98 / R

where: 56 - molecular weight of calcium oxide,

lime varieties.

M pr \u003d M from * (1 - P)

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C) - M e * C * 18 / 98 \u003d M e * (1 - 1.18 C)

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

2). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed during the neutralization of the electrolyte slaked lime is produced according to the formula:

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the equation
reactions,

M pr - the amount of lime impurities that have passed into the sediment,

The neutralization of the electrolyte with slaked lime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 \u003d CaSO 4 . 2H2O

The amount of precipitate formed CaSO 4 . 2 H 2 O in accordance with the reaction equation is:

M \u003d 172 * M e * C / 98, t / year

where: M e - the amount of spent electrolyte, t
C - mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35
172 - molecular weight of calcium sulfate crystalline hydrate,

98 is the molecular weight of sulfuric acid.

The amount of lime (M out) required to neutralize the electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M out \u003d 74 * M e * C / 98 / R

where: 74 is the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide,

P - mass fraction of the active part in lime, P = 0.4-0.9, depending on the brand and
lime varieties.

The amount of lime impurities (M pr), which has passed into the sediment, is:

M pr \u003d M from * (1 - P)

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C)

The amount of wet sediment formed, taking into account impurities in lime, is:

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

The humidity of the sediment is: M water / M os wl * 100

1.3. Used filter elements
car engine lubrication systems

The calculation of the standard for the formation of waste filters generated during the operation of vehicles is carried out according to the formula:

n i - the number of filters installed on the car of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - the weight of one filter on the car of the i-th brand, kg;

filter elements, thousand km.

1.4. Waste car tires

M \u003d S N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3 (t / year),

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of tires installed on the car of the i-th brand, pcs. ;

m i - the weight of one worn tire of this type, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacing tires, thousand km.

It is more convenient to present the calculation in the form of a table, the general view of which is presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

1.5. Used brake pads

Replacement of brake pads is carried out during TO-2.

Calculation of the number of used brake pads (t/year) is made according to the formula:

M \u003d S N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3, t / year

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of brake pads for vehicles of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - mass of one lining of the brake shoe of the i-th brand, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement
brake pads, thousand km.

1.6. used oils

1.6.1. Engine and transmission oils

(MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil can be carried out in two ways.

one). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through fuel consumption is made according to the formula:

М = S N i * q i * L i * n i * H * r * 10 -4 (t/year),

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

q i - fuel consumption rate per 100 km, l / 100 km;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

n i - oil consumption rate per 100 l of fuel, l/100 l;
consumption rate of engine oil for a carburetor engine
n MK \u003d 2.4 l / 100 l;
diesel engine oil consumption rate
n MD = 3.2 l / 100 l;
transmission oil consumption rate for a carburetor engine
n shopping mall = 0.3 l / 100 l;
transmission oil consumption rate for diesel engine
n td \u003d 0.4 l / 100 l;

H is the rate of collection of waste oil products, fractions of 1; H \u003d 0.12 - 0.15;

2). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through the volume of lubrication systems is carried out separately by type of oil according to the formula:

M \u003d S N i * V i * L i / L n i * k * r * 10 -3, t / year

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

V i - the volume of oil poured into the car of the i-th brand during maintenance, l,

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - mileage rate of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before changing the oil, thousand km,

k - coefficient of completeness of oil drain, k=0.9,

r - waste oil density, kg/l, r=0.9 kg/l.

1.6.2. Waste industrial oil

one). Industrial oils formed during the operation of thermal departments (MIO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The amount of used oil used in the heat treatment of parts is determined by the formula:

М = S V * n * k с * r, t/year

where: V is the working volume of the bath used for hardening parts, m3,

n is the number of oil changes per year,

k c - waste oil collection coefficient (according to inventory data),

r - waste oil density, kg/l, r=0.9 kg/l.

2). Industrial oils formed during the operation of machine tools, compressors, presses (MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The amount of used oil drained from the equipment is determined by the formula:

М = S N i * V * n * k с * r * 10 -3, t/year

where: N i - the number of units of equipment of the i-th brand, pcs.,

V is the volume of the oil crankcase of equipment of the i-th brand, l, crankcase volumes
are given in the passports for this type of equipment,

n is the number of oil changes per year,

k c - waste oil collection coefficient, k c \u003d 0.9

r - waste oil density, kg/l, r=0.9 kg/l.

1.6.3. Emulsion from compressor oil trap

The calculation of the emulsion from the compressor oil trap is carried out according to the formula:

M \u003d S N i * n i * t i / (1-k) * 10 -6, t / year

where: N i - the number of compressors of the i-th brand, pcs.,

n i - consumption rate of compressor oil for lubricating the compressor of the i-th brand, g/hour;
oil consumption rates for lubrication are given in the passports for this type
equipment,

t i - the average number of hours of operation of compressors of the i-th brand per year, hour / year,

1.7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks

The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks can be carried out according to two options.

one). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks through the height of the sediment layer is carried out in accordance with.

For tanks with gasoline belonging to group 1 oil products, in the calculation it is permissible to neglect the amount of oil products adhering to the walls of the tank.

The mass of oil product adhering to the inner walls of the tank is calculated by the formula:

M = K n * S, t

where: K n - coefficient of oil product sticking to the vertical
metal surface, kg/m2;

for oil products of 2-3 groups K n \u003d 1.3-5.3 kg / m2;

S - sticking surface area, m2.

The sticking surface area of vertical cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

S = 2 * p * r * H, m2

H is the height of the cylindrical part, m.

The sticking surface area of horizontal cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

for tanks with flat bottoms:

S = 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * r 2 = 2 * p * r (L + r), m2
where: r - radius of the tank bottom, m,

L is the length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with conical bottoms:

S = 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * r * a = 2 * p * r (L + a), m2

a - the length of the generatrix of the conical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with spherical bottoms:

S \u003d 2 * p * r * L + 2 * p * (r 2 + h 2) \u003d 2 * p (r * L + r 2 + h 2), m2
where: r - radius of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

L - length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

h - height of the spherical segment of the tank, m.

The mass of sediment in a vertical cylindrical tank is determined by the formula:

P = p * r 2 * h * r, t

where: r - internal radius of the tank, m,

h - draft height, m,

r - sediment density, equal to 1 t/m3.

The mass of sediment in a cylindrical horizontal tank is determined by the formula:

P = 1 / 2 * * r * L, t

where: b - the length of the arc of a circle limiting the draft from below, m,

b \u003d Ö a 2 + (16 h 2 / 3)

r - inner radius of the tank, m,

a - the length of the chord limiting the sediment surface from above, m,

a = 2 Ö 2 h r - h 2

h - sediment height, m, (accepted according to inventory data),

r - sediment density, equal to 1 t/m3,

L - tank length, m.

2). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks, taking into account the specific standards of formation, is carried out according to the formula:

M \u003d V * k * 10 -3, t / year

where: V is the annual volume of fuel stored in the tank, t/year,

k - specific standard for the formation of oil sludge per 1 ton of stored
fuel, kg/t,

for tanks with gasoline k = 0.04 kg per 1 ton of gasoline,

for tanks with diesel fuel k = 0.9 kg per 1 ton of diesel fuel

· for tanks with fuel oil k = 46 kg per 1 ton of fuel oil.

1.8. Waste from storm water treatment plants
and car wash installations

1.8.1. Sludge treatment plant

The amount of sludge from treatment facilities (in the absence of chemical treatment), taking into account its moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year,

C to - concentration of suspended solids before treatment facilities, mg/l,

C after - the concentration of suspended solids after treatment facilities, mg / l,

B is the humidity of the sediment, %.

When used for purification of reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment formed from the applied amount of reagents.

1.8.2. Floating oil products

The amount of floating oil products, taking into account moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d Q x (C before - C after) x 10 -6 / (1 - B / 100), t / year

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year

C to - concentration of oil products to treatment facilities, mg / l,

C after - concentration of oil products after treatment facilities, mg / l,

1.9. metal shavings

The amount of metal chips generated during metal processing is determined by the formula:

М = Q * k str / 100, t/year

where: Q - the amount of metal supplied for processing, t / year,

k str - the standard for the formation of metal chips,%, (approximately 10-15%, more accurately determined by inventory data).

1.10. Metal-containing dust

The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust collection installation is given.

M = M MPE * h / (1 - h), t/year

where: M MPE - gross emission of metal dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus (according to the MPE project data), fractions of 1.

M \u003d S 3.6 * K i * T i * h / (1 - h) * 10 -3, t / year

where: K i - specific emission of metal dust during operation
machine of the i-th type, g / s,

T i - the number of hours of work per year of the machine of the i-th type, hour / year,

The summation is made for all types of equipment from which air is discharged into this dust collector.

1.11. Abrasive metal dust and scrap of abrasive products

M a-m \u003d M MPE * h / (1 - h), t / year

where: M MPE - gross emission of abrasive metal dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collector (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1

The amount of scrap of abrasive products (if there is a volume of MPD) is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d M a-m / h * k 2 (1 - k 1) / k 1, t / year

where: M a-m - abrasive metal dust captured in the cyclone, t / year,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collector (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1,

M a-m \u003d S n i * m i * k 1 / k 2 * h * 10 -3, t / year

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

k 2 - the proportion of abrasive in the abrasive metal dust, ,

for corundum abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.35,

for diamond abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.10,

h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, fractions of 1.

The amount of scrap of abrasive products is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d S n i * m i * (1 - k 1) * 10 -3, t / year

where: n i - the number of abrasive wheels of the i-th type used per year, pcs / year,

m i - mass of a new abrasive wheel of the i-th type, kg,

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

1.12. Welding electrode stubs

The number of formed butts of welding electrodes is determined by the formula:

M \u003d G * n * 10 -5, t / year

where: G is the number of used electrodes, kg/year,

n is the standard for the formation of cinders from the consumption of electrodes, %, n=15%.

1.13. Oiled rag

The amount of oiled rags is determined by the formula:

М = m / (1- k), t/year

where: m - the amount of dry rags consumed per year, t / year,

1.14. Tara

When unpacking raw materials and materials, waste containers are formed, which are barrels, cans, boxes, bag containers, glass containers, etc.

The amount of container waste generated is determined by the formula:

P \u003d S Q i / M i * m i * 10 -3,

where: Q i - annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th type, kg,

M i - weight of raw materials of the i-th type in the package, kg,

m i - the weight of the empty packaging from raw materials of the i-th type, kg.

1.15. Waste solvents

The amount of spent solvent used when washing parts is determined by the formula:

М = S V * k * n * k с * r, t/year

where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,

k is the filling factor of the bath with a solvent, in fractions of 1,

n is the number of solvent changes per year,

k c - waste solvent collection coefficient (according to inventory data), in fractions of 1,

r is the density of the spent solvent, t/m3.

1.16. Spray booth hydraulic filter sludge

The amount of sludge extracted from the hydrofilter baths of spray booths is calculated in accordance with the formula:

M \u003d m k * d a / 100 * (1 - f a / 100) * k / 100 / (1 - B / 100), t / year

where: m to - consumption of paint used for coating, t / year,

d a - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,%, is taken according to table 2,

f a - the proportion of the volatile part (solvent) in paintwork materials,%, taken according to table 1,

k - coefficient of air purification in the hydrofilter, %, taken 86-97% in accordance with ,

B - moisture content of the sludge extracted from the hydrofilter bath, %, is taken

1.20. Waste fluorescent and mercury lamps

The calculation of the number of used lamps is carried out separately for fluorescent lamps, tubular and mercury lamps for outdoor lighting.

The number of used lamps is determined by the formula:

N = S n i * t i / k i , units/year

where: n i - the number of installed lamps of the i-th brand, pcs.,

t i - the actual number of hours of operation of lamps of the i-brand, hour / year,

k i - operational service life of lamps of the i-th brand, hour.

For fluorescent lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

For mercury lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

1.21. sewer waste

Sewer waste is generated during the cleaning of sewer wells. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of cleaning the wells.

one). When cleaning wells manually, the amount of sewage generated is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d N * n * m * 10 -3, t / year

m is the weight of the waste extracted from one well during manual cleaning, kg.

М = N * n * V * r, t/year

where: N - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pieces / year,

n - the number of sweeps of one well per year, once a year,

V is the volume of waste pumped from one well to a sewage truck, m3,

1.22. Household waste

The amount of generated household waste is determined taking into account the specific standards of formation in accordance with. When new regulatory documents are issued, the specific norms for the generation of household waste are adopted in accordance with these documents.

one). The amount of household waste generated as a result of the life of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

where: N - the number of employees at the enterprise, people,

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 worker per year, m3/year.

2). The amount of household waste generated as a result of cooking in the canteen is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

m - specific rate of household waste generation per 1 dish, m3/dish.

3). The amount of household waste generated in storage facilities is determined by the formula:

М = S * m, m3/year

where: S - storage area, m2,

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 m2 of storage facilities, m3/m2.

4). The amount of household waste generated in a polyclinic (first-aid post) is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

where: N - the number of visits per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of household waste generation per visit, m3/visit.

5). The amount of household waste generated as a result of the activities of small retail trade enterprises is determined by the formula:

М = S * m * k, m3/year

where: S - serviced area of the enterprise, m2;

m - specific rate of generation of household waste per 1 m2 of serviced area

enterprises, m3/m2 (standards are taken in accordance with Table 2 below);

k - coefficient taking into account the location of the enterprise.

table 2

accumulation of municipal solid waste generated as a result of activities

retail trade enterprises

The rates are based on 365 working days per year. The presented standards refer to enterprises located in the area of medium-populated buildings. For enterprises located in a zone of dense residential development with adjacent transport hubs, the coefficient k = 1.0-1.8 is applied. For enterprises located in the area adjacent to metro stations, the coefficient k = 1.5-1.8 is applied. The standards are indicated without taking into account the implementation of selective collection.

1.23. Food waste

The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:

M \u003d N * m * 10 -3, t / year

where: N - the number of dishes prepared in the canteen per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of food waste generation per 1 dish, kg/dish.

1.24. Estimate from the territory

The amount of estimates from the territory, formed during the cleaning of hard surfaces, is determined by the formula:

M \u003d S * m * 10 -3, t / year

where: S is the area of hard surfaces to be cleaned, m2,

m c - specific rate of formation of estimates from 1 m2 of hard coatings, kg / m2,
m s \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.

LITERATURE

1. Brief automotive guide. M., Transport, 1985.

2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. M., Transport, 1986.

3. Methodology for conducting an inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (calculation method). M., 1991.

4. Rates of fuel and fuel consumption. M., "Prior", 1996.

5. Secondary material resources of the forestry and woodworking industry (formation and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1983.

6. Standards for technological waste and losses of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral purpose). M., Economics, 1983.

7. Secondary material resources of the Gossnab nomenclature (formation and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.

8. Reference materials by specific indicators of education the most important types production and consumption waste. M., NITsPURO, 1996.

9. Low pressure discharge lamps. 09.50.01-90. M., Informelectro, 1990.

10. V.V. Fedorov. Fluorescent lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1992.

11. V.F. Efimkina, N.N. Sofronov. Luminaires with high-pressure discharge lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1984.

12. A.Yu.Valdberg, L.M.Isyanov. Dust collection technology. L., Mashinostroenie, 1985.

13. V.N. Serdechny, N.A. Byzov, A.K. Khaimusov. Consumption rates of fuel and lubricants in the timber industry. Directory. M., Timber industry, 1990.

14. Roddatis K.F. Poltaretsky A.N. Handbook of boiler installations of low productivity. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989.

15. All-Union norms of technological design of road transport enterprises. ONTP-01-91 Minavtotrans RSFSR. M., 1991.

16. Guidelines for the regulation of the collection of used oils in motor transport enterprises of the Ministry of Motor Transport of the RSFSR.
MU-200-RSFSR-12-0207-83. M., 1984.

17. Norms of technological losses during cleaning of tanks (Instead of
RD 112-RSFSR-028-90). 1994

18. Yakovlev V.S. “Storage of petroleum products. Problems of environmental protection”. M., Chemistry, 1987.

20. GOST 12.3.028-82 "Processes of processing with abrasive and CBN tools". Safety requirements.

21. GOST 2270-78 “Abrasive tool. The main dimensions of the fastening elements.

22. ONTP-14-93 “Technological Design Standards for Mechanical Engineering, Instrumentation and Metalworking Enterprises. Machining and assembly shops. M., Giprostanok, 1993.

23. Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere during the application of paints and varnishes (based on specific indicators). SPb., 1997.

24. T.A. Fialkovskaya, I.S. Seredneva. Ventilation when painting products. M., Mashinostroenie, 1986.

25. Yu.P. Soloviev. Design of heat supply installations for industrial enterprises. M., Energy, 1978.

26. Regulatory indicators of specific emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the main types of technological equipment of enterprises in the industry. Kharkov, 1991.

27. Instructions for the organization and technology of mechanized cleaning of populated areas. Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR. AKH named after K.D. Panfilov. M., 1980.

29. Order No. 128 dated September 27, 1994 of the Committee for Urban Management of the City Hall of St. Petersburg. Annex 1. Standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste.

30. Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas. Directory. M., AKH, 1997.

31. SNiP 2.07.01-89. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements.

Approved in 1998:

1. State Committee on environmental protection of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region;

2. State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in St. Petersburg;

3. The Committee for Improvement and Road Facilities of the Administration of St. Petersburg.

small-sized,

oversized

APPENDIX to "Temporary
methodological recommendations for the design of draft standards for the maximum disposal of waste for the enterprise "

Saint Petersburg

FOREWORD 5

1. Calculation of education standards
production and consumption waste 6

1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles 6

1.2. Used batteries 6

1.2.1. Spent lead batteries

starter with electrolyte 6

1.2.2. Spent lead starter batteries

without electrolyte 6

1.2.3. Lead plates 6

1.2.4. Plastic (plastic battery case) 7

1.2.5. Spent electrolyte 7

1.2.6. Residues from electrolyte neutralization 7

1.3. Used filter elements

car engine lubrication systems 8

1.4. Waste car tires 8

1.5. Used brake pads 8

1.6. Used oils 9

1.6.1. Engine and transmission oils 9

1.6.2. Waste industrial oil 9

1.6.3. Emulsion from compressor oil trap 10

1.7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks 10

1.8. Waste from storm water treatment plants
and car wash installations 11

1.8.1. Sludge from sewage treatment plants 11

1.8.2. Floating oil products 11

1.9. Metal shavings 11

1.10. Metal containing dust 11

1.11. Abrasive metal dust and scrap of abrasive products 12

1.12. Welding electrode stubs 12

1.13. Oiled Rags 12

1.14. Container 13

1.15. Solvent Waste 13

1.16. Sludge from hydrofilters of spray booths 13

1.17. Rubber dust 13

1.18. Coal slag, coal ash 13

1.19. Woodworking waste 14

1.19.1. Lump wood waste 14

1.19.2. Wood shavings, sawdust 14

1.20. Waste fluorescent and mercury lamps 15

1.21. Sewer waste 15

1.22. Domestic waste 15

1.23. Food waste 17

1.24. Estimates from the territory 17

LITERATURE 27

FOREWORD

1. Calculation of education standards
production and consumption waste

1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals generated during the repair of vehicles

The calculation of the amount of ferrous metal scrap generated during the repair of vehicles is made according to the formula:

M =  n i õ m i х L i / L н i х k h.m. / 100, t/year

where: n i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

m i - the mass of the car of the i-th brand, t,

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - rolling stock mileage before repair, thousand km.

k h.m. - specific standard for the replacement of parts made of ferrous metals during repairs,%,
k h.m. = 1-10% (according to inventory data).

100 is a conversion factor.

The summation is made for all brands of cars.

1.2. Used batteries

As an example, the calculation of the amount of waste lead batteries is considered.

Currently, enterprises have appeared that accept used batteries with electrolyte for processing.

1.2.1. Spent lead batteries
starter with electrolyte

The number of used batteries generated during the operation of vehicles is determined by the formula:

N =  N auto i * n i / T i , (pcs/year)

where: N auto i - the number of vehicles equipped with batteries of the i-th type;
types of batteries for cars of this brand are given in;

ni is the number of batteries in the car, pcs; (usually for carburetor

cars - 1 pc., for diesel - maybe 2 pcs.),

Ti - operating life of batteries of the i-th brand, year

T i \u003d 1.5-3 years, depending on the brand of cars.

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

The weight of the resulting spent batteries is:

M \u003d  N i * m i * 10 -3, (t / year)

where: N i - the number of used batteries of the i-th brand, pieces / year,

m i - weight of one battery of the i-th brand with electrolyte, kg.

1.2.2. Spent lead starter batteries
without electrolyte

The mass of used batteries without electrolyte is calculated according to the formula given in paragraph 2.2.,

where: m i is the weight of the i-type battery without electrolyte, kg

1.2.3 Lead-containing plates

The amount of lead-containing scrap is determined by the formula:

where: m i is the mass of lead-containing plates in the battery
i-th type, kg,

1.2.4.Plastic (plastic battery case)

The amount of plastic formed is calculated by the formula:

М =  m i * N i * 10 -3, t/year,

where: m i is the mass of plastic in the i-type battery, kg;
the value is given in GOSTs or data sheet for this type
battery,

N i - the number of batteries of the i-th type, pcs.

1.2.5 Spent electrolyte

one). The amount of spent electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d  m i * N i * 10 -3

where: m i - the weight of the electrolyte in the battery of the i-th brand, kg;

N i - the number of used batteries of the i-th brand, pieces;

The summation is carried out for all brands of batteries.

1.2.6. Residue from electrolyte neutralization

Neutralization of the electrolyte can be done with slaked or quicklime.

one). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed during the neutralization of the electrolyte quicklime

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the reaction equation,

The neutralization of the electrolyte with quicklime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 + CaO + H 2 O \u003d CaSO 4 . 2H2O

where: M e - the amount of spent electrolyte, t

172 - molecular weight of calcium sulfate crystalline hydrate,

M out \u003d 56 * M e * C / 98 / R

where: 56 - molecular weight of calcium oxide,

lime varieties.

M pr \u003d M from * (1 - P)

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C) - M e * C * 18 / 98 \u003d M e * (1 - 1.18 C)

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

2). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed during the neutralization of the electrolyte slaked lime is produced according to the formula:

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the equation
reactions,

M pr - the amount of lime impurities that have passed into the sediment,

The neutralization of the electrolyte with slaked lime proceeds according to the following reaction equation:

H 2 SO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 \u003d CaSO 4 . 2H2O

The amount of precipitate formed CaSO 4 . 2 H 2 O in accordance with the reaction equation is:

M \u003d 172 * M e * C / 98, t / year

where: M e - the amount of spent electrolyte, t

C - mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35
172 - molecular weight of calcium sulfate crystalline hydrate,

98 is the molecular weight of sulfuric acid.

The amount of lime (M out) required to neutralize the electrolyte is calculated by the formula:

M out \u003d 74 * M e * C / 98 / R

where: 74 is the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide,

P - mass fraction of the active part in lime, P = 0.4-0.9, depending on the brand and

lime varieties.

The amount of lime impurities (M pr), which has passed into the sediment, is:

M pr \u003d M from * (1 - P)

M water \u003d M e * (1 - C)

The amount of wet sediment formed, taking into account impurities in lime, is:

M os ow \u003d M + M pr + M water

The humidity of the sediment is: M water / M os wl * 100

1.3. Used filter elements
car engine lubrication systems

The calculation of the standard for the formation of waste filters generated during the operation of vehicles is carried out according to the formula:

n i - the number of filters installed on the car of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - the weight of one filter on the car of the i-th brand, kg;

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement
filter elements, thousand km.

1.4. Waste car tires

М =  N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3 (t/year),

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of tires installed on the car of the i-th brand, pcs. ;

m i - the weight of one worn tire of this type, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacing tires, thousand km.

It is more convenient to present the calculation in the form of a table, the general view of which is presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

brand a/m	Number of vehicles i-th brand, PC	Number of tires per vehicle, pcs.	Tire brand	Cord type	Average annual car mileage, thousand km	Vehicle mileage before tire replacement, thousand km	Used tire weight, kg	Number of used tires, pcs	Mass of used tires, t
	N i	n i			L i	L n i	m i		M

1.5. Used brake pads

Replacement of brake pads is carried out during TO-2.

Calculation of the number of used brake pads (t/year) is made according to the formula:

M \u003d  N i x n i x m i x L i / L n i x 10 -3, t / year

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

n i - the number of brake pads for vehicles of the i-th brand, pieces;

m i - mass of one lining of the brake shoe of the i-th brand, kg;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - the rate of mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement

brake pads, thousand km.

1.6 Used oils

1.6.1. Engine and transmission oils

(MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil can be carried out in two ways.

one). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through fuel consumption is made according to the formula:

М =  N i * q i * L i * n i * H *  * 10 -4 (t/year),

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

q i - fuel consumption rate per 100 km, l / 100 km;

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

n i - oil consumption rate per 100 l of fuel, l/100 l;

consumption rate of engine oil for a carburetor engine
n MK \u003d 2.4 l / 100 l;
diesel engine oil consumption rate
n MD = 3.2 l / 100 l;
transmission oil consumption rate for a carburetor engine
n shopping mall = 0.3 l / 100 l;
transmission oil consumption rate for diesel engine
n td \u003d 0.4 l / 100 l;

H is the rate of collection of waste oil products, fractions of 1; H \u003d 0.12 - 0.15;

2). The calculation of the amount of used engine and transmission oil through the volume of lubrication systems is carried out separately by type of oil according to the formula:

M =  N i * V i * L i / L n i * k *  * 10 -3, t/year

where: N i - the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs,

V i - the volume of oil poured into the car of the i-th brand during maintenance, l,

L i - the average annual mileage of the car of the i-th brand, thousand km / year,

L n i - mileage rate of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before changing the oil, thousand km,

k - coefficient of completeness of oil drain, k=0.9,

 - waste oil density, kg/l, =0.9 kg/l.

1.6.2 Waste industrial oil

one). Industrial oils formed during the operation of thermal departments (MIO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The amount of used oil used in the heat treatment of parts is determined by the formula:

М =  V * n * k с * , t/year

where: V is the working volume of the bath used for hardening parts, m3,

n is the number of oil changes per year,

k c - waste oil collection coefficient (according to inventory data),

 - waste oil density, kg/l, =0.9 kg/l.

2). Industrial oils formed during the operation of machine tools, compressors, presses (MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)

The amount of used oil drained from the equipment is determined by the formula:

М =  N i * V * n * k с *  * 10 -3, t/year

where: N i - the number of units of equipment of the i-th brand, pcs.,

V is the volume of the oil crankcase of equipment of the i-th brand, l, crankcase volumes

are given in the passports for this type of equipment,

n is the number of oil changes per year,

k c - waste oil collection coefficient, k c \u003d 0.9

 - waste oil density, kg/l, =0.9 kg/l.

1.6.3. Emulsion from the compressor oil trap

The calculation of the emulsion from the compressor oil trap is carried out according to the formula:

M \u003d  N i * n i * t i / (1-k) * 10 -6, t / year

where: N i - the number of compressors of the i-th brand, pcs.,

n i - consumption rate of compressor oil for lubricating the compressor of the i-th brand, g/hour;

oil consumption rates for lubrication are given in the passports for this type
equipment,

t i - the average number of hours of operation of compressors of the i-th brand per year, hour / year,

1.7. Oil sludge from cleaning fuel storage tanks

The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks can be carried out according to two options.

one). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks through the height of the sediment layer is carried out in accordance with.

For tanks with gasoline belonging to group 1 oil products, in the calculation it is permissible to neglect the amount of oil products adhering to the walls of the tank.

The mass of oil product adhering to the inner walls of the tank is calculated by the formula:

M = K n * S, t

where: K n - coefficient of oil product sticking to the vertical
metal surface, kg/m2;

for oil products of 2-3 groups K n \u003d 1.3-5.3 kg / m2;

S - sticking surface area, m2.

The sticking surface area of vertical cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

S = 2 *  * r * N, m2

H is the height of the cylindrical part, m.

The sticking surface area of horizontal cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:

for tanks with flat bottoms:

S = 2 *  * r * L + 2 *  * r 2 = 2 *  * r (L + r), m2

where: r - radius of the tank bottom, m,

L is the length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with conical bottoms:

S = 2 *  * r * L + 2 *  * r * a = 2 *  * r (L + a), m2

a - the length of the generatrix of the conical part of the tank, m.

for tanks with spherical bottoms:

S \u003d 2 *  * r * L + 2 *  * (r 2 + h 2) \u003d 2 *  (r * L + r 2 + h 2), m2

where: r - radius of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

L - length of the cylindrical part of the tank, m,

h - height of the spherical segment of the tank, m.

The mass of sediment in a vertical cylindrical tank is determined by the formula:

P =  * r 2 * h * , t

where: r - internal radius of the tank, m,

h - draft height, m,

 - sediment density, equal to 1 t/m3.

The mass of sediment in a cylindrical horizontal tank is determined by the formula:

P = 1 / 2 * *  * L, t

where: b - the length of the arc of a circle limiting the draft from below, m,

b \u003d  a 2 + (16 h 2 / 3)

r - inner radius of the tank, m,

a - the length of the chord limiting the sediment surface from above, m,

a \u003d 2  2 h r - h 2

h - sediment height, m, (accepted according to inventory data),

 - sediment density equal to 1 t/m3,

L - tank length, m.

2). The calculation of the amount of oil sludge generated from the cleaning of fuel storage tanks, taking into account the specific standards of formation, is carried out according to the formula:

M \u003d V * k * 10 -3, t / year

where: V is the annual volume of fuel stored in the tank, t/year,

k - specific standard for the formation of oil sludge per 1 ton of stored

fuel, kg/t,

for tanks with gasoline k = 0.04 kg per 1 ton of gasoline,

for tanks with diesel fuel k = 0.9 kg per 1 ton of diesel fuel
for tanks with fuel oil k = 46 kg per 1 ton of fuel oil.

1.8. Waste from storm water treatment plants
and car wash installations

1.8.1. Sludge from treatment facilities

The amount of sludge from treatment facilities (in the absence of chemical treatment), taking into account its moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year,

C to - concentration of suspended solids before treatment facilities, mg/l,

C after - the concentration of suspended solids after treatment facilities, mg / l,

B is the humidity of the sediment, %.

When used for purification of reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment formed from the applied amount of reagents.

1.8.2. Floating oil products

The amount of floating oil products, taking into account moisture content, is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d Q x (C before - C after) x 10 -6 / (1 - B / 100), t / year

where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3/year

C to - concentration of oil products to treatment facilities, mg / l,

C after - concentration of oil products after treatment facilities, mg / l,

1.9. Metal shavings

The amount of metal chips generated during metal processing is determined by the formula:

М = Q * k str / 100, t/year

where: Q - the amount of metal supplied for processing, t / year,

k str - the standard for the formation of metal chips,%, (approximately 10-15%, more accurately determined by inventory data).

1.10 Metal-containing dust

where: M MPE - gross emission of metal dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

М =  3.6 * K i * T i *  / (1 - ) * 10 -3, t/year

where: K i - specific emission of metal dust during operation

machine of the i-th type, g / s,

T i - the number of hours of work per year of the machine of the i-th type, hour / year,

 - degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, fractions of 1.

The summation is made for all types of equipment from which air is discharged into this dust collector.

1.11. Abrasive metal dust and scrap of abrasive products

M a-m \u003d M MPE *  / (1 - ), t / year

where: M MPE - gross emission of abrasive metal dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

 - degree of cleaning in the dust collector (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1

The amount of scrap of abrasive products (if there is a volume of MPD) is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d M a-m /  * k 2 (1 - k 1) / k 1, t / year

where: M a-m - abrasive metal dust captured in the cyclone, t / year,

 - the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1,

M a-m \u003d  n i * m i * k 1 / k 2 *  * 10 -3, t / year

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

k 2 - the proportion of abrasive in the abrasive metal dust, ,

for corundum abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.35,
for diamond abrasive wheels k 2 = 0.10,

 - degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, fractions of 1.

The amount of scrap of abrasive products is determined by the formula:

M scrap \u003d  n i * m i * (1 - k 1) * 10 -3, t / year

where: n i - the number of abrasive wheels of the i-th type used per year, pcs / year,

m i - mass of a new abrasive wheel of the i-th type, kg,

k 1 - wear coefficient of abrasive wheels before they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,

1.12. Welding electrode butts

The number of formed butts of welding electrodes is determined by the formula:

M \u003d G * n * 10 -5, t / year

where: G is the number of used electrodes, kg/year,

n is the standard for the formation of cinders from the consumption of electrodes, %, n=15%.

1.13. Oiled rags

The amount of oiled rags is determined by the formula:

М = m / (1- k), t/year

where: m - the amount of dry rags consumed per year, t / year,

1.14. Packaging

When unpacking raw materials and materials, waste containers are formed, which are barrels, cans, boxes, bag containers, glass containers, etc.

The amount of container waste generated is determined by the formula:

P \u003d  Q i / M i * m i * 10 -3,

where: Q i - annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th type, kg,

M i - weight of raw materials of the i-th type in the package, kg,

m i - the weight of the empty packaging from raw materials of the i-th type, kg.

1.15 Solvent waste

The amount of spent solvent used when washing parts is determined by the formula:

М =  V * k * n * k с * , t/year

where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,

k is the filling factor of the bath with a solvent, in fractions of 1,

n is the number of solvent changes per year,

k c - waste solvent collection coefficient (according to inventory data), in fractions of 1,

 is the density of the spent solvent, t/m3.

1.16. Spray booth hydraulic filter sludge

The amount of sludge extracted from the hydrofilter baths of spray booths is calculated in accordance with the formula:

M \u003d m k *  a / 100 * (1 - f a / 100) * k / 100 / (1 - B / 100), t / year

where: m to - consumption of paint used for coating, t / year,

 a - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,%, is taken according to table 2,

f a - the proportion of the volatile part (solvent) in paintwork materials,%, taken according to table 1,

k - coefficient of air purification in the hydrofilter, %, taken 86-97% in accordance with ,

B - moisture content of the sludge extracted from the hydrofilter bath, %, is taken

1.17.Rubber dust

The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust collection installation is given.

Rubber dust is formed at the enterprises of the profile under consideration during the roughening of worn tires or tubes.

The amount of rubber dust caught in the cyclone is determined by the formula:

M = M MPE *  / (1 - ), t/year

where: M MPE - gross emission of rubber dust according to the project MPE, t/year,

 - degree of cleaning in the dust collector (according to the MPE project), fractions of 1

1.18. Coal slag, coal ash

The amount of ash and slag generated during the combustion of coal in the boiler plant is calculated in accordance with.

The amount of slag formed is calculated by the formula:

Gsl \u003d 0.01 * B *  sh (A r + q 4 * Q r n / 32.6), t / year

The amount of ash deposited in the boiler flues is determined by the formula:

G flue \u003d 0.01 * B * k (A p + q 4 * Q p n / 32.6), t / year

The amount of ash deposited in the ash collector is determined by the formula:

G ash catches \u003d 0.01 * B * (1 -  w - k) [A p + q 4 * Q p n / 32.6] * , t / year

where: B - fuel consumption, t/year,

And r - ash content of fuel,%,

Q r n - calorific value of fuel, MJ / kg,

q 4 - loss with mechanical incompleteness of combustion,%,

 w - the proportion of fuel ash that turns into slag, in fractions of 1,

k is the share of fuel ash, fly ash deposited on the boiler flues, in fractions of 1.

 - cleaning efficiency in the ash catcher, in fractions of 1.

Ash content (A p) and calorific value (Q p n) of the fuel are determined according to Table 1-1 or according to the fuel certificate.

The output of slag and ash during the combustion of solid fuels is determined according to table 7-2, given below:

Fuel combustion method	Share of slag ( sh), %	The proportion of fly ash deposited on boiler gas ducts (k), %	The proportion of fly ash carried into ash catcher, %
Flare with dry ash removal:
bituminous coals	20	10	70
brown coals	30-20	10	60-70
Flare with liquid slag removal:
bituminous coals	30-20	10	60-70
brown coals	40-30	10	50-60

1.19.Woodworking waste

1.19.1. Lumpy wood waste

The amount of lumpy wood waste generated in the woodworking process is determined by the formula:

M c \u003d Q *  * C / 100, t / year

where: Q is the amount of processed wood, m3/year,

wood,

C - the amount of lumpy wood waste from the consumption of raw materials,%,

taken depending on the type of product according to Table 11.8. .

The volume of generated lumpy wood waste is determined by the formula:

V \u003d M c /  / k, m3 / year

where: M k - the amount of lumpy waste generated, t / year,

k - coefficient of total wood content of lumpy waste (segments
lumber), k = 0.57,

1.19.2. Wood shavings, sawdust

one). The amount of wood shavings and sawdust in the absence of local suction and dust collection equipment is determined by the formula:

M st, op \u003d M st + M op \u003d Q *  * C st / 100 + Q *  * C op / 100, t / year

where: M st - the amount of waste chips, t / year,

M op - the amount of sawdust waste, t / year,

Q is the amount of processed wood, m3/year,

 - wood density, t / m3,  \u003d 0.46-0.73 t / m3, depending on the type

wood,

C st - the amount of waste chips from the consumption of raw materials,%,

C op - the amount of waste sawdust from the consumption of raw materials,%,

taken depending on the type of product according to Table 11.8. ,

The volume of sawdust and chips formed is determined by the formula:

V = M st /  / k st + M op /  / k op, m3/year

where: k st - coefficient of full wood chips, k \u003d 0.11,

k op - sawdust full-wood ratio, k = 0.28.

2). The amount of wood shavings and sawdust in the presence of local suction and dust collection equipment is determined by the formula in accordance with:

M st, op \u003d [ Q *  / 100 (C st + C op) ] * [ 1 - 0.9 * K p * 10 -2 * (1-) ], t / year

where: 0.9 - coefficient of efficiency of local suctions,

K p - coefficient of dust content in waste, depending on the method
mechanical processing of wood (sawing, planing, grinding
etc.), %, is determined according to Table 11.9. ,

 - coefficient of efficiency of dust collecting equipment, in fractions of 1.

1.20. Waste fluorescent and mercury lamps

The calculation of the number of used lamps is carried out separately for fluorescent lamps, tubular and mercury lamps for outdoor lighting.

The number of used lamps is determined by the formula:

N =  n i * t i / k i , pieces/year

where: n i - the number of installed lamps of the i-th brand, pcs.,

t i - the actual number of hours of operation of lamps of the i-brand, hour / year,

k i - operational service life of lamps of the i-th brand, hour.

For fluorescent lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

For mercury lamps, the service life is determined in accordance with.

1.21. Sewer waste

Sewer waste is generated during the cleaning of sewer wells. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of cleaning the wells.

one). When cleaning wells manually, the amount of sewage generated is calculated by the formula:

M \u003d N * n * m * 10 -3, t / year

m is the weight of the waste extracted from one well during manual cleaning, kg.

М = N * n * V * , t/year

where: N - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pieces / year,

n - the number of sweeps of one well per year, once a year,

V is the volume of waste pumped from one well to a sewage truck, m3,

 - waste density, =1 t/m3.

1.22. Household waste

one). The amount of household waste generated as a result of the life of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

where: N - the number of employees at the enterprise, people,

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 worker per year, m3/year.

2). The amount of household waste generated as a result of cooking in the canteen is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

m - specific rate of household waste generation per 1 dish, m3/dish.

3). The amount of household waste generated in storage facilities is determined by the formula:

М = S * m, m3/year

where: S - storage area, m2,

m - specific norm of household waste generation per 1 m2 of storage facilities, m3/m2.

4). The amount of household waste generated in a polyclinic (first-aid post) is determined by the formula:

М = N * m, m3/year

where: N - the number of visits per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of household waste generation per visit, m3/visit.

5). The amount of household waste generated as a result of the activities of small retail trade enterprises is determined by the formula:

М = S * m * k, m3/year

where: S - serviced area of the enterprise, m2;

m - specific rate of generation of household waste per 1 m2 of serviced area

enterprises, m3/m2 (standards are taken in accordance with table 2 1 below);

k - coefficient taking into account the location of the enterprise.

table 2

NORM

accumulation of municipal solid waste generated as a result of activities

retail trade enterprises

Object of education	MSW accumulation rates
	kg per year	m3 per year
1	2	3
Small retail trade facility:
- kiosk, pavilion m / g 2;	150	0.911
- pavilion c/g 3;	132	0.8
- trays, counters, tonars;	196	1.191
- clothing, footwear, radio components, auto parts.	11	0.064
Small retail trade complex:
- food,	114	0.69
- industrial goods.	58	0.35
trading zone	140	0.84
Clothing market (fair)	17	0.104

The rates are based on 365 working days per year. The presented standards refer to enterprises located in the area of medium-populated buildings. For enterprises located in a zone of dense residential development with adjacent transport hubs, the coefficient k = 1.0-1.8 is applied. For enterprises located in the area adjacent to metro stations, the coefficient k = 1.5-1.8 is applied. The standards are indicated without taking into account the implementation of selective collection.

1.23. Food waste

The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:

M \u003d N * m * 10 -3, t / year

where: N - the number of dishes prepared in the canteen per year, pieces / year,

m - specific rate of food waste generation per 1 dish, kg/dish.

1.24. Estimated from the territory

The amount of estimates from the territory, formed during the cleaning of hard surfaces, is determined by the formula:

M \u003d S * m * 10 -3, t / year

where: S is the area of hard surfaces to be cleaned, m2,

m c - specific rate of formation of estimates from 1 m2 of hard coatings, kg / m2,

m s \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.

LITERATURE

1. Brief automotive guide. M., Transport, 1985.

2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. M., Transport, 1986.

3. Methodology for conducting an inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (calculation method). M., 1991.

4. Rates of fuel and fuel consumption. M., "Prior", 1996.

5. Secondary material resources of the forestry and woodworking industry (formation and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1983.

6. Standards for technological waste and losses of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral purpose). M., Economics, 1983.

7. Secondary material resources of the Gossnab nomenclature (formation and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.

8. Reference materials on the specific indicators of the formation of the most important types of production and consumption waste. M., NITsPURO, 1996.