Today, there are often couples who are unable to have a child. In this regard, experts advise planning pregnancy in advance in order to be ready for such a step. For women over 35 and men over 40, medical consultation before conception is a must.
In addition, some psychologists assure that a planned child in prepared parents develops better than an unplanned one. So even if the couple does not have reproductive problems, planning such an important step will not be superfluous.
Why is planning a pregnancy so important?
Most people believe that a planned pregnancy is when a girl becomes pregnant not by accident, but on purpose. The couple discussed all the nuances among themselves and decided to become parents. Some even give up bad habits beforehand.
All this is of course important, but planning is a broader concept that includes many more procedures. Future parents must completely change their lifestyle and undergo a medical examination, because the health of the body of mom and dad depends on the condition of the child.
Spouses should eat properly and in a balanced way. It is advisable to revise your diet at least a month before conception. This is primarily important for future mother, since she has to feed the baby, who from the first days of life needs a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals. Fatty and junk food, especially fast foods, should be left in the past at least for a while.
Another important factor influenced by nutrition is the health of the girl's hair, teeth and skin. When she is expecting a baby, due to a lack of vitamins, her teeth become bad, hair falls out, acne appears on the skin, etc. Therefore, in addition to revising the diet, you should start taking the vitamin complex recommended by your doctor.
From bad habits also worth giving up completely. Nicotine and alcohol affect the health of sperm and eggs.
A man needs to give up cigarettes a month before conception, since this is how much time the body will need to get rid of harmful substances. For girls, this period is much longer. It is advisable to quit smoking 6 months before the planned fertilization.
Alcohol is eliminated more quickly, so use should be stopped 14 days before conception.
And the most important step in planning a pregnancy is visiting your doctor. Usually, a girl alone visits a gynecologist, and he prescribes the necessary procedures for her and her husband. But it is better if both parents-to-be pay the visit.
Gynecologist on the importance of planning:
What tests a woman needs to take when planning - a list of examinations
In addition to the psychological state of the spouses, the physical also plays an important role.
The examinations prescribed by your doctor will help to check your health. There are several mandatory diagnostics that must be passed during the planning stage.
Vaginal swab
Usually, harmless microorganisms live in the girl's vagina - Doderlein sticks, candida. But sometimes, under the influence of various factors, pathogenic flora develops in the vagina. To determine its purity, a vaginal smear is taken.
With the help of a smear, it is determined which bacteria and fungi live in a woman's vagina. There are four degrees of vaginal cleanliness. The first degree means that the girl is healthy and there are no harmful bacteria. Three others mean that the flora is unhealthy and requires treatment.
Only a gynecologist will decipher correctly and accurately the research results. He will also prescribe the drugs necessary to restore healthy microflora.
Ultrasound examination
Ultrasound examination is performed to diagnose diseases of the female genital organs or their abnormalities that interfere with fertilization. Usually two ultrasounds are prescribed in the first and second phase menstrual cycle girls.
The first examination is done on the 5-6th day of the cycle using a transvaginal probe. On it, the patient's genitals are checked for the absence of various pathologies.
The second ultrasound is prescribed for the second phase of the cycle to determine the day of ovulation and to study the state of the corpus luteum.
STI test
STIs are sexually transmitted infections (sometimes the abbreviation STD is used). When visiting a gynecologist at the planning stage, he takes several types of tests for the presence of such diseases. First of all, the gynecologist will take a smear from the woman, with the help of which you can identify trichomoniasis and gonorrhea.
The second analysis is PCR. With its help, the genitals and urethra are examined for the presence of chlamydia, herpes and other genital infections. Sometimes it becomes necessary to take material for sowing. With its help, a quantitative analysis is carried out and sensitivity to bactericidal drugs is investigated.
TORCH-complex
There are many diseases that can lead to fetal death. These include rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and genital herpes.
For the presence of all these diseases, you should also take a blood test, which is called the TORCH complex. This study is carried out 3 months before conception.
Blood test
When planning a pregnancy, the gynecologist appoints the expectant mother and father to donate blood for sugar, a general blood test and venous blood for the presence of hidden infections. First of all, the presence of syphilis, HIV infection, hepatitis B and C is detected.
A coagulogram is also given. With its help, it is determined how well the girl's blood clots.
Tests for infections, clotting (thrombophilia), homocysteine must be taken.
If a couple has been trying to have a baby for a long time to no avail, the doctor will direct the girl to donate blood for prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone. An increased level of prolactin indicates a low likelihood of ovulation, and with an increased FSH, menopause is possible soon.
Analysis of urine
The urine is submitted for the detection of various diseases of the urinary tract, which adversely affect the condition of the mother and child during pregnancy.
Since pregnant women donate urine quite often, you should know the basic rules for collecting biomaterial:
- The container must be sterile, preferably purchased from a pharmacy.
- Urine should be collected in the morning and submitted no later than 2 hours later.
- Before collecting the material, you must thoroughly wash the genitals.
- During the procedure, the vagina should be closed with a tampon.
- A midstream urine sample is best for analysis.
Blood type
It is important for parents-to-be to know their blood type. When one partner has a positive Rh factor and the other has a negative one, a Rh conflict arises. If the child inherits the father's blood group, the mother's body can reject the fetus.
Fluorography or X-ray of the lungs
During the planning of the baby, the expectant mother and father must undergo a fluorographic examination. With its help, all possible pathologies of the respiratory tract are identified.
If a man needs to have an X-ray of his lungs, this is best done 2-3 months before conception. This is how long it takes for the sperm to fully renew itself. If the examination is required later, then you should ask the doctor for a lead apron and cover your groin with it.
Hormonal background
The hormones produced by the endocrine glands affect female and male sex characteristics. Therefore, the hormonal background of the parents plays an important role in planning a child.
An analysis for hormones is not considered mandatory and is prescribed for several reasons:
- irregular and weak periods;
- unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant during the year;
- benign tumors;
- suffered miscarriages or abortions;
- significant weight gain;
- skin rashes and excessive hair growth;
- nervousness;
- the spouses are over 35 years old.
It is best to donate blood for hormones six months before planning pregnancy in order to have time to eliminate all problems, if any.
Genetics
Genetic analysis is carried out to determine the predisposition of the unborn baby to various genetic diseases and the influence of external factors on its development in the womb.
Every person's genes are unique. Each person has a set of 46 chromosomes. Half of them came from mom, the other half from dad. If even one chromosome is damaged, it can affect the condition of the child.
When and why additional tests are prescribed
In addition to basic tests, a man is sometimes prescribed a spermogram. She makes it clear in what condition the sperm is and what is its quality. The study will reveal how many sperm are in it, what features they have and how well the sex glands work.
Many bacteria live not only in the blood and genitals of the future mother and father, but also in other parts of the body. Therefore, you should undergo a full examination, visit an otolaryngologist, therapist, neuropathologist and other narrow specialists.
To avoid contracting rubella, you need to get the appropriate vaccine, if it has not been previously done. The vaccination is done no later than three months before the planned pregnancy.
What to do if you can't get pregnant - the doctor advises
Often there are situations when both future parents are healthy and fully compatible, but the desired pregnancy does not occur for a long time.
In this case, the following measures must be taken:
- Complete a full body examination.
- Determine ovulation using an ultrasound scan or a pharmacy test.
- The lifestyle of the expectant mother should be healthy. Which means not only giving up alcohol and cigarettes, but also a balanced diet.
It is necessary to take care of yourself not only for a woman, but also for a man. A man should make sure that his groin is not hot or cold. The temperature in this area must always be comfortable so that the semen is good quality and the ovaries were working correctly.
For the formation of the highest concentration of sperm in the semen, you should abstain from sex for three to four days before ovulation. After intercourse, the girl is advised not to swim for a couple of hours, so as not to wash out active sperm. Immediately after the end of the act, you can take the birch position or put a pillow under your back.
The further task of a man is to protect his spouse from stress and anxiety.
Conclusion
After going through all the above procedures, you can safely start conceiving.
Don't worry if fertilization doesn't happen the first few times. According to statistics, in healthy spouses who have sexual intercourse at least 2 times a week, successful fertilization occurs after a few months, and sometimes even after a year.
If you follow all the rules mentioned above, then the long-awaited pregnancy will definitely come and will proceed without complications, and the child will be born healthy and on time.
In the life of any married couple, there will certainly come a moment when both partners are ready for a baby to appear in their family. However, you should not immediately get down to business, because the body of both women and men may not be ready to give birth to a healthy child. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend future parents undergo a comprehensive examination and pass all the necessary tests before planning a pregnancy for the early onset of conception and proper development of the fetus. What tests should be taken before planning a pregnancy? We have prepared a whole list for you.
Examination by a gynecologist and a smear before pregnancy
Without fail, the gynecologist will do bacterioscopic examination of urogenital secretions and cytological examination... Based on the results of this analysis, it will be possible to see if there are infectious and opportunistic pathogens in the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervical canal.
Colpocervicoscopy and Cytology (PAP test) will reveal the presence of abnormal cells in the cervical mucosa and diagnose a precancerous condition. The analysis is mandatory, since a woman in a position has a weakened immune system, due to which precancer can turn into cancer.
Also, the gynecologist must also take such tests for infections when planning pregnancy:
- For human papillomavirus HPV 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,52,56,58,59,66 (highly oncogenic types) - scraping.
- Examination for chlamydia (by PCR from the cervix).
These diseases are not dangerous for the average person and may be asymptomatic. However, in the unborn child, they can cause a number of serious complications and pathologies.
Blood tests
Need to do the following blood tests:
- general blood analysis;
- coagulogram;
- analysis for prolactin;
- (TSH);
- lipid profile (triglyc., cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL);
- lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, atherogenic coefficient); anti-muleriv hormone (AMH);
- a blood test for homocysteine;
- antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (ATPO);
- blood test for vitamin D.
Also, it is advisable to pass the analysis for blood group and Rh factor... In the dispensary book of each pregnant woman, data on her blood group and Rh factor are entered. If the spouses have different Rh factors, especially if the woman is negative, then it may occur, the likelihood of which increases with the number of pregnancies.
General urine analysis and bacterial culture
This type of analysis will identify acute and chronic diseases of the urinary tract that can have an extremely negative impact on the health of a pregnant woman.
To eliminate errors in the diagnostic results, you must stick to simple rules, which, by the way, will be useful throughout pregnancy:
- morning urine is always given for analysis;
- for these purposes, days of menstruation should be avoided;
- before manipulation, you need to wash yourself thoroughly;
- during the procedure, it is better to close the vagina with a cotton swab;
- urine is collected in a special container or glass container.
Ultrasound
During the planning period, you should not neglect the capabilities of ultrasound. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs allows you to: see the state of the ovaries and follicles; assess the state of the endometrium (see what is the probability of accepting a fertilized egg); see if ovulation has already taken place or if it is expected in this cycle.
In addition, according to the results of the study, uterine malformations, one of the most common of which is fibroids. Before pregnancy, such neoplasms may not manifest themselves in any way. However, they can interfere with conception and cause or premature birth. In this case, doctors recommend removing the fibroids and waiting 1-2 years before the next scheduling.
Also, in order to exclude problems of a non-gynecological nature, you need to go through Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, breast, thyroid gland and mammography.
Oculist, dentist and therapist
In addition to the gynecologist, a woman should also visit other specialists. So, therapist will produce general inspection, will do an electrocardiogram. It is imperative to inform him about all ailments in order to identify the problem in time and start treatment.
Oculist assess the condition of your vision and eyeball, possible problems during childbirth and prescribe treatment for problems.
Also, at the planning stage, it is advisable to visit dentist and tidy up the oral cavity.
Geneticist consultation
If your family is aware of cases of the birth of children with serious hereditary diseases or genetic abnormalities, be sure to go to a consultation with a geneticist and, if necessary, get the appropriate genetic tests when planning a pregnancy. You can also do genetic testing for an inherited tendency to thrombophilia.
It is also advisable to consult a specialist if the expectant mother is less than 18 or more than 35 years old, and the future father is more than 40 years old.
What tests to pass to a man when planning a pregnancy
Despite the fact that a woman will have to become pregnant, carry and give birth to a child, a man on the recommendation urologist and therapist also must undergo some examinations and pass tests, including:
- general blood analysis;
- blood for antibodies Toxoplasma (Ig G), Rubella (Ig G);
- blood test for Hepatitis B and C (common antibodies);
- blood test for HIV and syphilis;
- PCR for chlamydia, Trichomonas, gonococcus, mycoplasma, ureaplasma and gardnerella, viruses - herpes virus, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus;
- general urine analysis;
- blood biochemistry;
- a blood test for hormones;
- ECG and ultrasound of the chest, including the heart and abdomen;
- analysis to determine the blood group and Rh factor.
Spermogram and analysis for compatibility of spouses
Often the cause of infertility is bad male sperm. Therefore, it will be useful to pass a spermogram to determine the concentration and activity of sperm. If any deviations are found doctor-andrologist will give appropriate instructions. After numerous unsuccessful attempts, you can pass an analysis for the compatibility of a man and a woman.
- Stick healthy way life. This means that you need to give up alcohol and cigarettes, go in for sports, take walks in the fresh air.
- Particular attention should be paid to nutrition: it must be balanced and consist of natural and useful products... Go to the necessary doctors and pass all the tests recommended for couples planning a child. Take the course.
- Particular attention should be paid to folic acid. Before taking it, it is advisable to consult a doctor.
- Avoid stress and strenuous physical activity.
Pregnancy preparation videos
We bring to your attention a short video, where a specialist will talk about why pregnancy planning is needed and whether it is necessary for everyone. You will also learn what to look for and where it is better to start the survey.
It would seem that it is so easy to conceive a child, there would be a desire ... And if the body is not ready? It is better to find out about this a few months before the intended conception. In any case, the couple will have time to restore their health and give birth to a healthy baby.
Step number 1. Examination before conception
Comprehensive diagnostic examination is one of the most important tasks facing parents-to-be. Where to begin? From a visit to the gynecologist. It is good if the couple prepares in advance for the first appointment. We need to remember our chronic and hereditary diseases, the approximate duration of the menstrual cycle, take a medical card for an appointment, since some diseases that were transferred even in childhood can have a negative impact on the health of the unborn child. Detailed information will help the doctor draw up the most complete picture of the future examination, identify problems.
During the appointment, the gynecologist will conduct an examination and take smears, write out directions for tests and general clinical studies: a general blood and urine test, a blood test for HIV, hepatitis, ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs (ovaries and uterus).
The main thing before pregnancy is to eliminate all possible internal sources of infection. Therefore, the expectant mother is sent to an in-depth study of all body systems.
Step number 2. Tests for infections: rubella, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and others
Most infections are dangerous when they first become infected during pregnancy. Therefore, an analysis for infections is submitted in order to find out if you have been sick with this or that disease before. And if not, then special care should be taken during pregnancy. The abbreviation appeared from the first letters of the most dangerous infections for the fetus: Toxoplasma (toxoplasma infection) - Rubella (rubella) - Cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus) - Herpes (herpes).
When you know for sure that you were ill in childhood, you can skip this point. In case of uncertainty, you need to be tested for antibodies - IgG and IgM. If IgM is detected, it means that you have contracted the virus for the first time (this situation is quite rare). Pregnancy cannot be planned within 3 months. But IgG, on the contrary, should be - their presence indicates a previous illness and the acquisition of immunity to rubella. If both IgM and IgG are absent, then you need to vaccinate so as not to get infected during pregnancy. Pregnancy can be planned three months after vaccination.
Toxoplasma is an antibody test for toxoplasma infection, which is infected from domestic animals, most often from cats. Approximately 15% of women of reproductive age have had such an infection, that is, 75% of women can become infected with Toxoplasma during pregnancy. If there are no IgG and IgM antibodies during the test, then there is a danger of getting sick during pregnancy. It is recommended to limit your interaction with dogs and cats, thoroughly boil or fry meat, be sure to wash and peel vegetables and fruits before eating, do not clean the cat litter box without disposable gloves, wash your hands well after any manipulations with meat and seafood.
Infection with cytomegalovirus during pregnancy threatens developmental pathologies and intrauterine infection of the fetus. The infection is usually transmitted by airborne droplets. If, during preparation for pregnancy, it is found in the blood high level cytomegalovirus, you should undergo antiviral therapy and only then plan for conception. If the result is negative, some precautions should be taken: wash your hands well before eating, do not kiss on the lips of young children and it is advisable to limit your communication with them, especially if you work in a preschool.
The herpes virus is in the body for life. Any treatment is aimed only at reducing its activity. It will not be possible to completely get rid of it. Therefore, tests are taken in order to assess the risk of primary infection during pregnancy.
In the event that something bothers you (itching, burning, profuse discharge), there have been pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome, or a woman is preparing for IVF, it is necessary to conduct an analysis for genital infections (chlamydia, myco- and ureaplasma, gardnerella). If herpes is found in the expectant mother, the husband also needs to be tested for these infections.
Step number 3. Hormonal background
Assessment of the hormonal background of a woman, determination of the concentration of hormones in the blood, taking into account the phase of the menstrual cycle, is an important criterion for the examination. Hormones are the main link in the construction of the reproductive function of women and men, the successful implementation of which depends on the work of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries system. If one of the components fails, the entire work of the reproductive system changes, and, consequently, the ability to conceive decreases. When a woman has a broken cycle, there is increased hair growth, acne, obesity, there have been pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome (regression, miscarriage), the doctor must send for research. It determines the list of hormones that need to be tested. Each case is different.
Step number 4. Blood group
During the couple period, it is recommended to determine the groups and Rh of blood, to make an analysis for antibodies to the Rh factor. A positive Rh factor in a woman and a negative one in a man do not present any cause for concern. If the wife has Rh-negative blood, and the husband has Rh-positive blood, then development is possible during pregnancy. The expectant mother who has undergone surgery (including abortion), blood transfusion or pregnancy is not the first, there is a high probability of the formation of specific antibodies in the blood. In a Rh-negative mother with a Rh-positive baby, immune complications are possible (hemolytic disease of newborns, etc.), this is mainly manifested from the second and subsequent pregnancies.
Conflict by blood type is less common. The likelihood of a conflict increases in the following combinations: a woman has a blood group I, a man has any other; a woman has a group II, and a man has a III or IV; a woman has a III blood group, and a man has a II or IV. With such combinations, it is recommended to test the blood for antibodies to group antigens, if the planned pregnancy is not the first. When the first one, it is necessary to conduct a study for group antibodies from the 8th week of pregnancy.
Step number 5. ultrasound
At the planning stage of pregnancy, ultrasound is performed in the first phase of the cycle. Revealed various diseases organs of the small pelvis, in which the ability to conceive is impaired. In some cases, surgery may be required: myoma is a benign tumor of the uterus, or an ovarian tumor, polyp of the uterine mucosa. Ultrasound examination will help to exclude the presence of pathological processes in the genitals and to ensure a calm course of pregnancy and the successful birth of a child.
Step number 6. Medical examination before conceiving a child
The compulsory program for the expectant mother also includes a visit to an ENT doctor, dentist and therapist. What are they needed for?
Dentist. It is widely believed that during pregnancy, teeth must be "crumbled". Before pregnancy, the teeth need to be treated, and during pregnancy, the woman should take care of getting enough calcium. Then not a single tooth will suffer during pregnancy.
ENT doctor. This consultation is very important because you need to determine if you have chronic ear, nose and throat diseases. Any pregnancy is accompanied by a weakening of immunological protection. That is, you will catch all infections hovering on the bus, subway and above the workplace much more often than before pregnancy. You cannot allow troubles to get through the placental barrier to your baby. ARVI, flu, hard-borne by the mother, can cause disorders in the development of the nervous system of the baby.
Therapist. WITH general analyzes blood and urine tests, you need to visit a therapist, who, based on the research data and examination, will give a conclusion about your state of health. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe a more detailed diagnosis. Thereafter, appropriate treatment is prescribed, if necessary.
In certain cases, you will need to visit an endocrinologist, geneticist and other specialists.
Step number 7. Preparing for conception
If everything turned out to be in order, you can start preparing for conception. Parents-to-be are advised not to drink any medication for 2-3 months without consulting a gynecologist. Do not smoke, do not drink alcoholic beverages, do not abuse coffee, eat more fruits and vegetables, do not take hot baths, do not go to baths and saunas, try not to get sick, start taking vitamins with folic acid. Take care of your health - and nothing will spoil the long-awaited meeting with your baby!
Expert: Nina Ulyanova, head of the obstetric physiological department of the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after V.F.Snegireva, Ph.D., doctor of the highest medical category
It would seem, what can be difficult in planning pregnancy and further bearing a fetus? This question is asked by many women who decide to become mothers.
Planning a pregnancy is the most important factor in having a healthy baby. Therefore, long before conceiving a baby, a woman will need to examine her body.
The identification of possible deviations in the state of health of the expectant mother is accompanied by laboratory research methods. Let's figure out what basic (mandatory) and additional tests a woman needs to take when planning a pregnancy.
Initial inspection
At the heart of any comprehensive preparation for conception is a diagnostic examination. So the first thing to start with is a visit to the gynecologist.
It is good if the doctor is verified and is already familiar with the medical history of the woman.
If you decide to go to this gynecologist for the first time, then you should prepare in advance for the appointment. Where to begin? The doctor needs talk about chronic, hereditary diseases, name the duration of the menstrual cycle, recall failures or delays.
It is worth bringing a child's card with you: some childhood illnesses can negatively affect the course of pregnancy and the health of the fetus.
All the information collected will enable the doctor to to compose the most complete picture of the current state of health women, identify failures, problems.
At the reception, the gynecologist will conduct an examination, take smears, will write out directions for the main research. What tests must be taken when planning a pregnancy (list for women):
- general urine analysis;
- blood test - general, for HIV, hepatitis, latent infections, hormones;
- Ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs (ovaries, uterus).
Infections, infections - how to protect yourself and your child
The most dangerous thing during pregnancy is internal infections, inflammations. The most important thing is to eliminate them even before conception.
So Special attention when studying the body of the expectant mother, they give in-depth organ research.
The danger of most infections manifests itself during the initial infection, therefore, according to the results of the analyzes, it becomes clear which diseases the body has already suffered and which has not.
The less the body has suffered, the less trained the immune system, the more careful you need to be after conception.
Toxoplasma - analysis for antibodies of toxoplasma infection. You can get infected from pets, especially from cats. 15% of women of reproductive age have already suffered from the disease, 75% of pregnant women will be at risk.
If the analysis does not reveal IgG and IgM antibodies- there is a danger of infection. They give a recommendation to refrain from communicating with animals, to eat only very well-fried and cooked meat, to thoroughly process vegetables and fruits, and often wash your hands.
Rubella
If a woman does not know if she has had rubella, it will be necessary to be tested for IgG and IgM antibodies. Possible three results:
- IgG(finding them means that the body has already suffered a disease, there is immunity);
- IgM(this means that you have contracted the virus for the first time. Conception cannot be planned within the next 3 months)
- lack of IgM, IgG(It is necessary to vaccinate to prevent infection after conception. In 3 months after rubella vaccination, conception can be planned).
Cytomegalovirus
Infection with cytomegalovirus during pregnancy is dangerous developmental pathologies and infection of the fetus in the womb.
Cytomegalovirus is an infection presumably transmitted by airborne droplets, although it has not yet been established exactly how it is contracted.
During preparation for pregnancy, a high level of pregnancy may be detected. With this result, the woman will be obliged take a course of antiviral therapy... Only after passing through it is conception planning possible.
But even a negative result for cytomegalovirus does not mean that nothing threatens the body.
It is necessary to observe precautions: monitor hygiene, be careful with young children (there is a high probability of infection in kindergartens).
Herpes
The herpes virus is in the human body for life. The essence of the treatment is to reduce its activity. Therefore, since it is impossible to completely get rid of the virus, an analysis is needed to assess the risk of primary infection during pregnancy.
STDs
What other tests does a woman need to take? A separate study is carried out for genital infections.
But usually it is necessary only for those patients who are worried about something(profuse discharge from the genitals, burning) or if there have already been miscarriages, also in preparation for IVF.
The partner also needs to pass these tests.
Hormonal research
Together with everything else, it is useful to pass a blood test concentration of hormones.
After all, the level of hormones implies the successful or unsuccessful implementation of a woman's reproductive function.
Hormones show the state of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary system... Disruption of the hormonal cycle affects appearance patients: condition of skin, hair, mood.
The doctor himself calls the list of hormones for which you need to be tested.
For blood compatibility
During the planning period before conception, partners need donate blood to determine the group and rhesus.
After all, as we remember, the non-combination of Rh factors of partners (only when a man's Rh factor is positive, and a woman's is negative) can lead to development of Rh-conflict... Blood type conflict is less common, but it is worth checking.
You should prepare during planning and study what they are in order to register with a gynecologist after conception.
So that health does not disappoint, it does not hurt to strengthen its protective functions in advance. how to strengthen the immune system of an adult without pills.
It happens that during pregnancy, hair falls out, but you cannot take medicine. This article will help you figure out how to use secure Castor oil from hair loss.
Other measures
The expectant mother needs to visit several doctors:
- dentist(at the stage of preparation, it is advised to heal the teeth, otherwise the lack of calcium during gestation will accelerate their destruction);
- ENT doctor(if during pregnancy chronic diseases of the ears, throat, nose are found, then the weakened body will receive a couple of inflammatory processes dangerous for the fetus. After all, even ARVI can cause a delay in the development of the baby's nervous system);
- therapist(he will make a conclusion on blood and urine tests, give general recommendations, possibly prescribe additional diagnostics from a geneticist or endocrinologist, if necessary).
When to plan
The stage of passing tests for infections and passing tests lasts from two to four months... If a serious threat to the expectant mother or fetus is detected, pregnancy will have to be postponed for a period of one to several years.
If all the indicators are in order, you can start preparing for conception. Parents-to-be should in 2-3 months, start abstaining from medications without consulting a gynecologist, from smoking, alcohol, start taking vitamins.
It is not only the woman who will have to carefully monitor the way of life, but also the alleged father of the child.
Research during pregnancy
Remember to visit your gynecologist regularly. In the fourth week, you will have to take a couple of blood and urine tests again. At the twelfth week, you need to determine the level of PAPP-A. Level can show:
- the presence of Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome in the fetus (reduced rate);
- normal development of the fetus;
- the threat of miscarriage;
- stopping development at a short time.
Important in the first trimester determine the concentration of "17-OP", placental lactogen, prolactin... These tests will show on time:
- violation of the placenta (PR and PL);
- congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex (increased 17-OP).
Until the twentieth week pass triple analysis assessing the risk of developing intrauterine pathologies... It consists of tests for:
- alpha-fetoprotein;
- free estriol.
Successful pregnancy
It is important that the woman understands and accepts the fact that her health is in her hands... The age of women preparing for the birth of their first child has increased significantly and is approaching 30 more and more rapidly.
Having a second child is difficult for half of couples over the age of 30. Increasingly, doctors are forced to resort to to emergency surgery into the body of the expectant mother.
Very young people successfully pass all the diagnostic tests that must be passed before planning pregnancy for women, do not have any special difficulties in childbirth. But even among expectant mothers under 26, about a third are faced with reproductive dysfunction.
Usually, abnormalities can be cured if you seek medical help in a timely manner. To identify diseases, prevent difficulties during conception and bearing, a couple needs to undergo at least a basic examination.
This video tells you how to prepare for pregnancy and when to start getting tested:
The doctor, having prescribed the necessary procedures, will make life easier for future parents... It is better, after spending a month, to reinforce your confidence that the baby will be born healthy and happy.
We wish you an easy pregnancy!
It is common for nulliparous women to neglect visiting a doctor on early stages pregnancy.
Some are "annoyed" a large number of surveys and wasted time. Others - believe that nothing will change if you are examined at the later stages of fetal development.
Gynecology patients who have given birth understand the importance of planning and the consequences of lost time.
Planning and early diagnosis of pregnancy create favorable conditions for conceiving, carrying and giving birth to a healthy child. Timely diagnosis relieves the suffering of women with chronic diseases.
What should a couple do before planning conception and pregnancy?
The correct approach to pregnancy begins long before conception. Parents-to-be make lifestyle changes and save money. In order to find out the readiness of the woman's body, they are examined in medical institutions. As the fetus develops, the condition of the mother and the unborn child is monitored. Take timely action in dangerous situations.
There are two approaches to the survey:
- For healthy partners, a typical scheme is used. It includes visits to specialists, tests and fluorography.
- Additional procedures are prescribed for patients with chronic diseases, according to the results of the conclusion of narrow-profile doctors, with unsatisfactory analyzes.
The accuracy of the diagnosis depends on the completeness of the information provided by the spouses. They come to the gynecologist with information about the average duration of the woman's menstrual cycle and with its latest date.
What examinations will a man and a woman have to undergo?
The partners' tasks are to suspend, better - to cure potential sources of danger and prevent future infection. The list of planned events includes visits to narrow-profile specialists.
- First of all - a dentist. According to the results of the analysis of scrapings from the mouth, the number of streptococci and staphylococci is judged. Exceeding the norm indicates an infection. Neglect of treatment leads to mutual contamination of spouses through kissing.
- An ENT examination is also important: checking for ARVI, tonsillitis and other viral diseases that weaken a woman's immunity.
- The cardiologist examines partners to identify pathologies that are inherited. For example, heart valve failure or defect. Closer attention to the woman. The health of the unborn child and mother depends on the readiness of the woman's cardiovascular system for additional stress.
- Fluorography is required for passing. A snapshot of the lungs without dark areas indicates the absence of tuberculosis. If less than one year has passed since the previous inspection, the X-ray photograph is not taken. Fluorography is contraindicated for pregnant women.
What are the risk factors?
- endocrinologist - with excess weight or unhealthy thinness;
- urologist - in case of violation of urination and kidney disease;
- gastroenterologist - for diseases gastrointestinal tract;
- immunologist - for problems with the immune system.
Before visiting a geneticist, a couple should ask relatives about hereditary diseases, up to and including childhood.
Bad legacy is not the final judgment. The doctor will advise a man and a woman about the consequences of a genetic predisposition to disease. With a planned approach, it is important to do this before the start of pregnancy.
According to the results of observations, doctors do not recommend having children for people in whose family diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy (Duchenne myopathy), chromosome pathology (Down's syndrome) have been identified. This list includes hereditary diseases associated with mental retardation for unknown reasons.
Risk factors when planning conception include the age of the spouses, especially women. According to statistics, after 35-40 years, the risk of miscarriage or the occurrence of pathologies increases. The likelihood of miscarriage is high in patients with two (or more) regressive (unsuccessful) pregnancies. It is risky to have children for families with boys and girls with hereditary diseases.
What tests do a man and a woman need to take?
The standard scheme includes blood tests, urine tests, hormonal tests.
The gynecologist prescribes the following blood tests:
- general: shows the state of the body as a whole;
- biochemical: reveals hidden organ inflammation;
- for infections: HIV, AIDS, gonorrhea, hepatitis B and C, RW (syphilis);
- on the Rh factor, depends on the blood group of the mother, father and unborn child.
The rejection of the fetus during intrauterine development depends on the last analysis.
Each of the partners checks the hormonal background. The hormone level affects a man's ability to conceive a child and a woman's ability to become pregnant.
Reproduction of "own" hormones depends on the work of parts of the brain. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are associated with the genitourinary organs: the testes and ovaries. If there are many "foreign" (male) hormones in a woman's body, this manifests itself in outward signs and internal states.
The first category includes excessive obesity, the presence of acne, increased hair growth on the face, arms, legs. Internal problems - difficulties with conception and pregnancy. The male sex has its own manifestations, including those that hinder paternity.
Further clarification concerns the specifics of preparing for conception and childbirth separately for the spouses.
What tests should a woman take when planning a pregnancy?
In order to clarify the preparation of all organs for gestation and childbirth, the gynecologist prescribes general clinical examinations and analyzes. Full list depends on the patient's condition, age, medical history (anamnesis), heredity.
Alarming factors are: irregular periods, excess weight, skin acne.
The main list of procedures includes: gynecological smears, ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs: ovaries and uterus, blood and urine tests, for infections.
Gynecological smears
The doctor examines the reproductive organs of a woman: the uterus and appendages. Takes a swab from the vagina. The best time for contacting a gynecologist - 5-6 days after menstruation.
Based on the results of the analysis of microflora, he judges candidiasis, pathogenic microorganisms, inflammation of the female genital organs. These factors harm the development of the child, up to provoking a miscarriage.
Analysis for infections
The course of the disease is not always accompanied by tangible symptoms or external manifestations. The body of an adult can cope with the action of some infections, but this environment is not suitable for the birth of a new life and the growth of a fetus. Sometimes - they do harm selectively, depending on gender.
Genital infections, herpes and the ToRCH group are among the most common diseases.
Burning and itching in a woman's genitals, the presence of traces of vaginal discharge are manifestations of genital infections.
The gynecologist prescribes tests for gardnerella, myco- and ureaplasma, chlamydia. Depending on the activity of microorganisms, he prescribes medications and recommends periods of abstinence from sexual intercourse.
The source of potential danger is the herpes virus, especially its genital type. It is impossible to get rid of it, but it is within our power to stop the spread in the human body. To identify it, a special analysis is taken.
There are microorganisms that cause persistent pathology (mutation), which is accompanied by the risk of passing on the altered genes to future generations. This statement applies to the ToRCH group.
The concept of ToRCH includes the most dangerous diseases for a pregnant woman:
- rubella;
- toxoplasmosis: sources of infection are insufficient heat treatment of food, dirty vegetables and fruits, close contact with pets;
- cytomegalovirus: transmitted by coughing, sneezing, vomiting and other airborne droplets.
Previous diseases are dangerous: a woman's body produces different types of antibodies that must be neutralized before pregnancy.
Even worse is infection during the carrying of a child, in which the rejection of the fetus is possible.
Depending on the type of ToRCH, cure time, concentration and type of antibodies, the doctor sends for additional examination and tests. As a rule, it recommends postponing pregnancy until the body recovers.
In some cases, such as rubella, it gives a referral for vaccination. Pregnancy planning with ToRCH cannot be done. As a rule, a referral for an abortion is written out and a referral for an abortion is prescribed for medical reasons.
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