Young heroes of the Great Patriotic War
Cognitive material for extracurricular activities literary reading or by history for elementary school Subject: WWII
Before the war, they were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, bred pigeons, sometimes even took part in fights. These were ordinary children and teenagers, known only to relatives, classmates and friends.
But the hour of severe trials has come and they proved how huge an ordinary little child's heart can become when a sacred love for the Motherland, pain for the fate of its people and hatred of enemies flares up in it. Together with adults, the weight of hardships, disasters, grief of the war years fell on their fragile shoulders. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more enduring. And no one expected that it was these boys and girls who were able to accomplish a great feat for the glory of the freedom and independence of their Motherland!
Not! we told the fascists,
Our people will not tolerate
To fragrant Russian bread
It was called "bro".
Where is the power in the world
To break us down
Bent us under the yoke
In those parts where in the days of victory
Our great-grandfathers and grandfathers
Feasted so many times? ..
And from sea to sea
Russian regiments got up.
We got up, we are united with the Russians,
Belarusians, Latvians,
People of free Ukraine,
Both Armenians and Georgians
Moldovans, Chuvashs...
Glory to our generals
Glory to our admirals
And ordinary soldiers ...
On foot, swimming, horseback,
Hardened in hot battles!
Glory to the fallen and the living,
I thank them from the bottom of my heart!
Let's not forget those heroes
What lie in the damp earth,
Giving life on the battlefield
For the people - for you and me.
Excerpts from S. Mikhalkov's poem "A True Story for Children"
Kazei Marat Ivanovich(1929-1944), partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero Soviet Union(1965, posthumously). Since 1942, a scout of a partisan detachment (Minsk region).
The Nazis broke into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Alexandrovna. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was furious. Anna Alexandrovna Kazei was captured for her connection with the partisans, and soon Marat found out that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart was filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister Ad oy, Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. Penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this information, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk. Marat took part in the battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, together with experienced demolition men, he mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up ... and himself. For courage and courage, fifteen-year-old Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
Portnova Zinaida Martynovna (Zina) (1926-1944), a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1958, posthumously). Scout of the partisan detachment "Young Avengers" (Vitebsk region).
The war found Zina Portnova from Leningrad in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. In Obol, an underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers" was created, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of the partisan detachment. In December 1943, returning from a mission, in the village of Mostishche, Zina was betrayed by a traitor to the Nazis. The Nazis seized the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired point-blank at the Gestapo. The officer who ran into the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her. The brave young partisan was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously marked her feat with her highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kotik Valentin Alexandrovich(Valya) (1930-1944), a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1958, posthumously). Since 1942 - a liaison of an underground organization in the city of Shepetovka, a scout of a partisan detachment (Khmelnitsky region, Ukraine).
Valya was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. Studied at school number 4. When the Nazis broke into Shepetovka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battlefield, which the partisans then transported to the detachment in a wagon of hay. Looking closely at the boy, the leaders of the partisan detachment entrusted Valya to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, having tracked down the Nazi officer who led the punishers, killed him. When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. An ordinary boy, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, liberating his native land. On his account - six enemy echelons blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War," 2nd class. Valya died as a hero in one of the unequal battles with the Nazis.
Golikov Leonid Alexandrovich(1926-1943). Young partisan hero. A brigade reconnaissance officer of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade, operating on the territory of the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations.
In total, they destroyed 78 fascists, two railway and 12 highway bridges, two food and feed depots and 10 vehicles with ammunition. He distinguished himself in battles near the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, Sever. Accompanied a wagon train with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of War and the medal "For Courage".
On August 13, 1942, returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway near the village of Varnitsy, he blew up a car in which there was a German major general engineering troops Richard von Wirtz. Golikov in a shootout shot from a machine gun the general who accompanied his officer and driver. A scout delivered a briefcase with documents to the brigade headquarters. Among them were drawings and descriptions of new models of German mines, inspection reports to higher command and other important military papers. Introduced to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On January 24, 1943, in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, Leonid Golikov died. The Presidium of the Supreme Council, by Decree of April 2, 1944, awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Arkady Kamanin I dreamed of heaven when I was just a boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And always there is a friend of his father, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov. There was something to light up the little boy's heart. But they didn’t let him into the air, they said: grow up. When the war began, he went to work at an aircraft factory, then at the airfield. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, happened to trust him to fly the plane. Once an enemy bullet shattered the glass of the cockpit. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After that, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying, and soon he began to fly on his own. Once, from a height, a young pilot saw our plane, shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, transferred the pilot to his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old. Until the very victory, Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!
Yuta Bondarovskaya in the summer of 1941 she came from Leningrad for a vacation to a village near Pskov. Here a terrible war overtook her. Utah began to help the partisans. First she was a messenger, then a scout. Disguised as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the headquarters of the Nazis were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns. The partisan detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the Estonian partisans. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, died the death of the brave. The Motherland awarded her heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad region - Anna Petrovna Semenova, a school counselor, was left. To communicate with the partisans, she picked up her most reliable guys, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl in her six school years was awarded six times with books with the signature: "For excellent study." The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her leader, and she forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, products, which were obtained with great difficulty. Once, when a messenger from the partisan detachment did not arrive at the meeting place on time, Galya, half-frozen, made her way to the detachment herself, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground. Together with the young partisan Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground workers. They were kept in the Gestapo for two months. The young patriot was shot. The Motherland marked the feat of Gali Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway bridge across the Drissa River, a Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was presented with a government award. But the young heroine did not have time to receive her award.
The war cut off the girl from her hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but she could not return - the Nazis occupied the village. And then one night Larisa left the village with two older friends. At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin brigade, commander Major P.V. Ryndin initially refused to accept "so small". But young girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked around the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, sentries were placed, which German cars were moving along the highway, what kind of trains and with what cargo they came to the Pustoshka station. She also participated in military operations. The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. In the Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko with the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, there is a bitter word: "Posthumously."
Could not put up with the atrocities of the Nazis and Sasha Borodulin. Having obtained a rifle, Sasha destroyed the fascist motorcyclist, took the first military trophy - a real german machine gun. This was a good reason for accepting him into the partisan detachment. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin in the winter of 1941 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Punishers tracked down the partisans. The detachment left them for three days. In the group of volunteers, Sasha remained to cover the retreat of the detachment. When all the comrades died, the brave hero, allowing the Nazis to close the ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself.
The feat of a young partisan
(Excerpts from M. Danilenko's essay "Grishina's Life" (translated by Yu. Bogushevich))
At night, the punishers surrounded the village. Grisha woke up from some sound. He opened his eyes and looked out the window. A shadow flickered across the moonlit glass.
- Dad! Grisha called softly.
Sleep, what do you want? the father replied.
But the boy didn't sleep anymore. Stepping barefoot on the cold floor, he quietly walked out into the hallway. And then I heard someone yank open the door and several pairs of boots rattled heavily into the hut.
The boy rushed into the garden, where there was a bathhouse with a small outbuilding. Through a crack in the door Grisha saw his father, mother and sisters being taken out. Nadia was bleeding from her shoulder, and the girl clamped the wound with her hand...
Until dawn, Grisha stood in the annex and looked ahead of him with wide eyes. The moonlight was sparse. Somewhere an icicle fell off the roof and shattered on the mound with a quiet clang. The boy started. He felt neither cold nor fear.
That night he had a small wrinkle between his eyebrows. Appeared to never disappear again. Grisha's family was shot by the Nazis.
From village to village walked a thirteen-year-old boy with a not childishly stern look. Went to Sozh. He knew that somewhere across the river was his brother Alexei, there were partisans. A few days later, Grisha came to the village of Yametsky.
Feodosia Ivanova, a resident of this village, was a liaison officer of the partisan detachment commanded by Pyotr Antonovich Balykov. She brought the boy to the detachment.
Commissar Pavel Ivanovich Dedik and Chief of Staff Alexei Podobedov listened to Grisha with stern faces. And he stood in a torn shirt, with his legs knocked down on the roots, with an unquenchable fire of hatred in his eyes. The partisan life of Grisha Podobedov began. And no matter what task the partisans went on, Grisha always asked to take him with him ...
Grisha Podobedov became an excellent partisan scout. Somehow the messengers reported that the Nazis, together with the policemen from Korma, robbed the population. They took 30 cows and everything that came to hand, and they are going in the direction of the Sixth Village. The detachment went in pursuit of the enemy. The operation was led by Petr Antonovich Balykov.
“Well, Grisha,” said the commander. - You will go with Alena Konashkova to reconnaissance. Find out where the enemy has stopped, what he is doing, what he is thinking of doing.
And now, a weary woman with a hoe and a sack wanders into the Sixth Village, and with her a boy dressed in an oversized padded jacket.
“They sowed millet, good people,” the woman complained to the policemen. - And try to raise these clearings with a little. It's not easy, oh it's not easy!
And no one, of course, noticed how the boy's keen eyes follow each soldier, how they notice everything.
Grisha visited five houses where the Nazis and policemen stayed. And I found out about everything, then I reported in detail to the commander. A red rocket soared into the sky. And in a few minutes everything was over: the partisans drove the enemy into a cunningly placed "bag" and destroyed it. The stolen goods were returned to the population.
Grisha also went to reconnaissance before the memorable battle near the Pokat River.
With a bridle, limping (a splinter hit the heel), the little shepherd scurried among the Nazis. And such hatred burned in his eyes that it seemed that she alone could incinerate enemies.
And then the scout reported how many cannons he saw on the enemy, where machine guns and mortars were stationed. And from partisan bullets and mines the invaders found their graves on Belarusian soil.
In early June 1943, Grisha Podobedov, together with partisan Yakov Kebikov, went on reconnaissance to the area of the village of Zalesye, where a punitive company from the so-called Dnepr volunteer detachment was stationed. Grisha made his way into the house, where drunken punishers had a party.
The partisans silently entered the village and completely destroyed the company. Only the commander escaped, he hid in a well. In the morning, a local grandfather pulled him out of there, like a rotten cat, by the scruff of the neck ...
It was last operation, in which Grisha Podobedov participated. On June 17, together with foreman Nikolai Borisenko, he went to the village of Ruduya Bartolomeevka for flour prepared for the partisans.
The sun shone brightly. A gray bird fluttered on the roof of the mill, watching people with cunning little eyes. The broad-shouldered Nikolai Borisenko had just loaded a heavy sack onto the cart when a pale miller came running.
- Punishers! he breathed.
The foreman and Grisha grabbed their machine guns and rushed into the bushes that grew near the mill. But they were noticed. Vicious bullets whistled, cutting alder branches.
- Lie down! - Borisenko gave the command and fired a long burst from the machine gun.
Grisha, aiming, gave short bursts. He saw how the punishers, as if stumbling upon an invisible barrier, fell, beveled by his bullets.
- So you, so you! ..
Suddenly the sergeant-major let out a dull gasp and clutched his throat. Grisha turned around. Borisenko twitched all over and fell silent. His glazed eyes now looked indifferently at the high sky, and his hand dug, as if stuck, in the box of the machine gun.
The bush, where Grisha Podobedov alone is now left, was surrounded by enemies. There were about sixty of them.
Grisha gritted his teeth and raised his hand. Several soldiers immediately rushed towards him.
“Oh, you Herods! What did you want?! the partisan shouted and slashed at them point-blank with his machine gun.
Six Nazis fell under his feet. The rest lay down. Bullets whistled over Grisha's head more and more often. The partisan was silent, did not respond. Then the emboldened enemies rose again. And again, under well-aimed automatic fire, they pressed into the ground. And the machine is already out of ammo. Grisha pulled out a pistol. — I give up! he shouted.
A tall and thin, like a pole, policeman ran up to him at a trot. Grisha shot him right in the face. For some elusive moment, the boy looked around at a rare bush, clouds in the sky and, putting a gun to his temple, pulled the trigger ...
About the exploits of the young heroes of the Great Patriotic War, you can read in the books:
Avramenko A.I. Messengers from captivity: a story / Per. from Ukrainian - M .: Young Guard, 1981. - 208 e .: ill. - (Young heroes).
Bolshak V.G. Guide to the Abyss: Dokum. story. - M .: Young Guard, 1979. - 160 p. - (Young heroes).
Vuravkin G.N. Three pages from the legend / Per. from Belarusian. - M .: Young guard, 1983. - 64 p. - (Young heroes).
Valko I.V. Where are you flying, crane?: Dokum. story. - M .: Young Guard, 1978. - 174 p. - (Young heroes).
Vygovsky B.C. The fire of a young heart / Per. from Ukrainian — M.: Det. lit., 1968. - 144 p. - (School library).
Children of wartime / Comp. E.Maximova. 2nd ed., add. — M.: Politizdat, 1988. — 319 p.
Ershov Ya.A. Vitya Korobkov - pioneer, partisan: a story - M .: Military Publishing, 1968 - 320 p. - (Library of a young patriot: About the Motherland, exploits, honor).
Zharikov A.D. Feats of the Young: Stories and Essays. - M .: Young Guard, 1965. - 144 e .: ill.
Zharikov A.D. Young partisans. - M .: Education, 1974. - 128 p.
Kassil L.A., Polyanovsky M.L. Street of the youngest son: a story. — M.: Det. lit., 1985. - 480 p. - (Military library of a student).
Kekkelev L.N. Countryman: The Tale of P. Shepelev. 3rd ed. - M .: Young Guard, 1981. - 143 p. - (Young heroes).
Korolkov Yu.M. Partisan Lenya Golikov: a story. - M .: Young Guard, 1985. - 215 p. - (Young heroes).
Lezinsky M.L., Eskin B.M. Live, Vilor!: a story. - M .: Young Guard, 1983. - 112 p. - (Young heroes).
Logvinenko I.M. Crimson dawns: dokum. story / Per. from Ukrainian — M.: Det. lit., 1972. - 160 p.
Lugovoi N.D. Burnt childhood. - M .: Young Guard, 1984. - 152 p. - (Young heroes).
Medvedev N.E. Eaglets of Blagovskoe forest: dokum. story. — M.: DOSAAF, 1969. — 96 p.
Morozov V.N. A boy went to reconnaissance: a story. - Minsk: State Publishing House of the BSSR, 1961. - 214 p.
Morozov V.N. Volodin front. - M .: Young Guard, 1975. - 96 p. - (Young heroes).
According to various sources, up to several tens of thousands of minors took part in the hostilities during the Great Patriotic War. "Sons of the regiment", pioneer heroes - they fought and died on a par with adults. For military merits, they were awarded orders and medals. The images of some of them were used in Soviet propaganda as symbols of courage and loyalty to the motherland.
Five underage fighters of the Great Patriotic War were awarded the highest award - the title of Hero of the USSR. All - posthumously, remaining in textbooks and books as children and adolescents. All Soviet schoolchildren knew these heroes by name. Today, "RG" recalls their short and often similar biographies.
Marat Kazei, 14 years
Member of the partisan detachment named after the 25th anniversary of October, intelligence officer of the headquarters of the 200th partisan brigade named after Rokossovsky in the occupied territory of the Byelorussian SSR.
Marat was born in 1929 in the village of Stankovo, Minsk Region, Belarus, and managed to finish the 4th grade of a rural school. Before the war, his parents were arrested on charges of sabotage and "Trotskyism", numerous children were "scattered" among their grandparents. But the Kazeev family did not become angry with the Soviet authorities: In 1941, when Belarus became an occupied territory, Anna Kazei, the wife of the “enemy of the people” and the mother of little Marat and Ariadna, hid wounded partisans at her place, for which she was executed by the Germans. And the brother and sister went to the partisans. Ariadne was subsequently evacuated, but Marat remained in the detachment.
Along with his senior comrades, he went to reconnaissance - both alone and with a group. Participated in raids. Undermined the echelons. For the battle in January 1943, when, wounded, he raised his comrades to attack and made his way through the enemy ring, Marat received the medal "For Courage".
And in May 1944, while performing another assignment near the village of Khoromitsky, Minsk Region, a 14-year-old soldier died. Returning from a mission together with the intelligence commander, they stumbled upon the Germans. The commander was killed immediately, and Marat, firing back, lay down in a hollow. There was nowhere to leave in an open field, and there was no opportunity - the teenager was seriously wounded in the arm. While there were cartridges, he kept the defense, and when the store was empty, he took the last weapon - two grenades from his belt. He threw one at the Germans immediately, and waited with the second: when the enemies came very close, he blew himself up along with them.
In 1965, Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Valya Kotik, 14 years
Partisan scout in the Karmelyuk detachment, the youngest Hero of the USSR.
Valya was born in 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Kamenetz-Podolsk region of Ukraine. Before the war he completed five classes. In a busy German troops in the village, the boy secretly collected weapons and ammunition and handed them over to the partisans. And he waged his own little war, as he understood it: he drew and pasted caricatures of the Nazis in prominent places.
Since 1942, he contacted the Shepetovskaya underground party organization and carried out her intelligence assignments. And in the fall of the same year, Valya and his fellow boys received their first real combat mission: to eliminate the head of the field gendarmerie.
"The roar of the engines became louder - the cars were approaching. The faces of the soldiers were already clearly visible. Sweat was dripping from their foreheads, half-covered with green helmets. Some soldiers carelessly took off their helmets. The front car caught up with the bushes behind which the boys hid. Valya half stood up, counting the seconds to himself "The car drove past, an armored car was already against him. Then he rose to his full height and, shouting "Fire!", threw two grenades one after the other ... Simultaneously, explosions sounded from the left and right. Both cars stopped, the front one caught fire. The soldiers quickly jumped to the ground , rushed into the ditch and from there opened indiscriminate fire from machine guns, "- this is how the Soviet textbook describes this first battle. The task of the partisans Valya then completed: the head of the gendarmerie, Lieutenant Franz Koenig and seven German soldiers died. About 30 people were injured.
In October 1943, the young fighter reconnoitered the location of the underground telephone cable of the Nazi headquarters, which was soon blown up. Valya also participated in the destruction of six railway echelons and a warehouse.
On October 29, 1943, while on duty, Valya noticed that the punishers had raided the detachment. Having killed a fascist officer with a pistol, the teenager raised the alarm, and the partisans had time to prepare for battle. On February 16, 1944, 5 days after his 14th birthday, in the battle for the city of Izyaslav, Kamenetz-Podolsk, now Khmelnitsky region, the scout was mortally wounded and died the next day.
In 1958, Valentin Kotik was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lenya Golikov, 16 years
Scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.
Born in 1926 in the village of Lukino, Parfinsky District, Novgorod Region. When the war began, he got a rifle and joined the partisans. Thin, small in stature, he looked even younger than all 14 years old. Under the guise of a beggar, Lenya walked around the villages, collecting the necessary data on the location of the fascist troops and the number of their military equipment, and then passed this information on to the partisans.
In 1942 he joined the detachment. “Participated in 27 combat operations, exterminated 78 German soldiers and officers, blew up 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, blew up 9 vehicles with ammunition ... troops Richard Wirtz, heading from Pskov to Luga, "- such data is contained in his award leaflet.
The regional military archive preserved Golikov’s original report with a story about the circumstances of this battle: “On the evening of August 12, 1942, we, 6 partisans, got out on the Pskov-Luga highway and lay down near the village of Varnitsa. There was no movement at night. A small passenger car appeared on the side of Pskov. It was moving quickly, but near the bridge where we were, the car was quieter. Partizan Vasilyev threw an anti-tank grenade, did not hit. Petrov Alexander threw the second grenade from a ditch, hit a beam. The car did not immediately stop, but passed still 20 meters and almost caught up with us. Two officers jumped out of the car. I fired a burst from a machine gun. I didn’t hit. The officer sitting at the wheel ran across the ditch towards the forest. I fired several bursts from my PPSh. Hit the enemy in the neck and back Petrov began to shoot at the second officer, who kept looking back, shouting and firing back. Petrov killed this officer with a rifle. Then the two of them ran to the first wounded officer. documentation. There was also a heavy suitcase in the car. We barely dragged him into the bushes (150 meters from the highway). While still at the car, we heard an alarm, ringing, screaming in the neighboring village. Grabbing a briefcase, shoulder straps and three trophy pistols, we ran to our own ... ".
For this feat, Lenya was presented with the highest government award - the Gold Star medal and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But I didn't manage to get them. From December 1942 to January 1943, the partisan detachment, in which Golikov was located, left the encirclement with fierce battles. Only a few managed to survive, but Leni was not among them: he died in battle with a Nazi punitive detachment on January 24, 1943 near the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, before he was 17 years old.
Sasha Chekalin, 16 years
Member of the partisan detachment "Forward" of the Tula region.
Born in 1925 in the village of Peskovatskoye, now the Suvorov district of the Tula region. Before the start of the war, he graduated from 8 classes. After the occupation of his native village by Nazi troops in October 1941, he joined the fighter partisan detachment "Forward", where he managed to serve for just over a month.
By November 1941, the partisan detachment had inflicted significant damage on the Nazis: warehouses burned, cars exploded on mines, enemy trains derailed, sentries and patrols disappeared without a trace. Once a group of partisans, including Sasha Chekalin, ambushed the road to the town of Likhvin (Tula region). A car appeared in the distance. A minute passed - and the explosion blew the car apart. Behind her passed and exploded several more cars. One of them, crowded with soldiers, tried to slip through. But the grenade thrown by Sasha Chekalin destroyed her too.
In early November 1941, Sasha caught a cold and fell ill. The commissioner allowed him to lie down with a trusted person in the nearest village. But there was a traitor who betrayed him. At night, the Nazis broke into the house where the sick partisan lay. Chekalin managed to grab the prepared grenade and throw it, but it did not explode ... After several days of torture, the Nazis hanged the teenager on the central Likhvin square and for more than 20 days did not allow him to remove his corpse from the gallows. And only when the city was liberated from the invaders, the combat associates of the partisan Chekalin buried him with military honors.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Chekalin was awarded in 1942.
Zina Portnova, 17 years
Member of the underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers", scout of the Voroshilov partisan detachment on the territory of the Byelorussian SSR.
Born in 1926 in Leningrad, she graduated from 7 classes there and summer holidays went to rest with relatives in the village of Zuya, Vitebsk region of Belarus. There she found the war.
In 1942, she joined the Obol underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers" and actively participated in the distribution of leaflets among the population and sabotage against the invaders.
Since August 1943, Zina has been a scout of the Voroshilov partisan detachment. In December 1943, she was given the task of identifying the reasons for the failure of the Young Avengers organization and establishing contact with the underground. But upon returning to the detachment, Zina was arrested.
During the interrogation, the girl grabbed the pistol of the Nazi investigator from the table, shot him and two other Nazis, tried to escape, but was captured.
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Slides captions:
Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War
“The Great Patriotic War ... It just so happened that our memory of the war and all our ideas about it are masculine. This is understandable: it was mostly men who fought, but this is also a reflection of our incomplete knowledge of the war. After all, a huge burden fell on the shoulders of mothers, wives, sisters, who were medical instructors on the battlefields, who replaced men at machine tools in factories and collective farm fields. From a woman-mother comes the beginning of life, and somehow this is incomparable with the war that kills life. This is how the Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich writes in her book “War has no female face”. And I want to finish this thought like this: “and especially not childish.” Yes. War is not a child's business. It should be like that. But this war was special ... it was called the Great Patriotic War because everyone, young and old, rose to defend their homeland. Many young patriots died in battles with the enemy, and four of them - Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Lenya Golikov and Zina Portnova - were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. They were often written about in newspapers, books were dedicated to them. And even the streets and cities of our Great Motherland - Russia were called by their names. In those years, children grew up quickly, already at the age of 10-14 they realized that they were a part of a large people and tried to be in no way inferior to adults. Thousands of guys fought in the partisan detachments and the army. Together with adults, teenagers went to reconnaissance, helped partisans undermine the enemy's echelons, and set up ambushes.
June. The sunset was fading into the evening. And the sea overflowed on a warm night. And the ringing laughter of the guys was heard, Not knowing, not knowing grief. June! Then we still did not know, Walking home from school evenings, That tomorrow will be the first day of the war, And it will end only in the forty-fifth, in May.
Pioneers Heroes Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, ran, jumped, broke their noses and knees. Only relatives, classmates and friends knew their names. THE TIME HAS COME - THEY SHOWED HOW HUGE A LITTLE CHILDREN'S HEART CAN BECOME WHEN THE SACRED LOVE FOR THE HOMELAND AND HATRED FOR ITS ENEMIES BURN IN IT. Boys. Girls. On their fragile shoulders lay the weight of adversity, disasters, grief of the war years. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more enduring. Little heroes of the big war. They fought next to the elders - fathers, brothers, next to the communists and Komsomol members. Fought everywhere. At sea, like Borya Kuleshin. In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. In a partisan detachment, like Lenya Golikov. V Brest Fortress like Valya Zenkina. In the Kerch catacombs, like Volodya Dubinin. In the underground, like Volodya Shcherbatsevich. And not for a moment did young hearts tremble! Their grown-up childhood was filled with such trials that even a very talented writer could come up with them, it would be hard to believe. But it was. It was in the history of our great country, it was in the fate of its little guys - ordinary boys and girls.
Tanya Savicheva Arkady Kamanin Lenya Golikov Valya Zenkina Zina Portnova Volodya Kaznacheev Marat Kazei Valya Kotik
Lida Vashkevich Nadya Bogdanova Vitya Khomenko Sasha Borodulin Vasya Korobko Kostya Kravchuk Galya Komleva Yuta Bondarovskaya Lara Mikheenko
Marat Kazei... The war has fallen on the Belarusian land. The Nazis broke into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Aleksandrovna Kazya. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was furious. Anna Alexandrovna Kazei was captured for her connection with the partisans, and soon Marat found out that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart was filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister, a Komsomol member Ada, pioneer Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. Penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using these data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk ... Marat participated in the battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, along with experienced demolition workers, mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up ... and himself. For courage and bravery pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
Belarus. Minsk city park Monument to Marat Kazei
Zina Portnova The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she had come for vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. In Obol, an underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Avengers" was created, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of the partisan detachment. ... It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche, a traitor betrayed her. The Nazis seized the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired at the Gestapo at point-blank range. The officer who ran into the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her... The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously noted her feat with her highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lenya Golikov Grew up in the village of Lukino, on the banks of the Polo River, which flows into the legendary Ilmen Lake. When the enemy captured his native village, the boy went to the partisans. More than once he went to reconnaissance, brought important information to the partisan detachment. And enemy trains and cars flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned ... There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy knocked out a car. A Nazi with a briefcase in his hands got out of it and, shooting back, rushed to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. There were some very important documents in the briefcase. The headquarters of the partisans immediately sent them by plane to Moscow. There were many more battles in his short life! And the young hero who fought shoulder to shoulder with adults never flinched. He died near the village of Ostraya Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that the earth was burning under his feet, that there would be no mercy for him ... On April 2, 1944, a decree was published by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on assigning Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Monument to partisan pioneer hero Lena Golikov in front of the administration building of the Novgorod Region. Velikiy Novgorod.
Valya Kotik He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. He studied at school number 4 in the city of Shepetovka, was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis broke into Shepetovka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battlefield, which the partisans then transported to the detachment in a wagon of hay. Having looked closely at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. Having looked closely at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, having tracked down the Nazi officer who led the punishers, killed him ... When arrests began in the city, Valya, together with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, liberating his native land. On his account - six enemy echelons blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order patriotic war 1st class, medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 2nd class. Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously honored him with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In front of the school where this brave pioneer studied, a monument was erected to him. And today the pioneers salute the hero.
Volodya Kaznacheev 1941... In the spring I finished fifth grade. In the fall he joined a partisan detachment. When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests, in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “Well, replenishment! , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratievna was killed by the Nazis). There was a "partisan school" in the detachment. Future miners and demolition workers were trained there. Volodya perfectly mastered this science and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He also had to cover the withdrawal of the group, stopping the pursuers with grenades ... He was a liaison; often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; waiting for darkness, posting flyers. From operation to operation he became more experienced, more skillful. For the head of the partisan Kzanacheev, the Nazis put a reward, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with adults the glory of the hero-liberator native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.
Valya Zenkina The Brest Fortress was the first to take the blow of the enemy. Bombs and shells exploded, walls collapsed, people died both in the fortress and in the city of Brest. From the first minutes, Valin's father went into battle. He left and did not return, he died a hero, like many defenders of the Brest Fortress. And the Nazis forced Valya to sneak into the fortress under fire in order to convey to its defenders the demand to surrender. Valya made her way into the fortress, spoke about the atrocities of the Nazis, explained what weapons they had, indicated their location and remained to help our soldiers. She bandaged the wounded, collected cartridges and brought them to the fighters. There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by throat. I was painfully thirsty, but Valya again and again refused her sip: the wounded needed water. When the command of the Brest Fortress decided to take the children and women out of the fire, to transport them to the other side of the Mukhavets River - there was no other way to save their lives - the little nurse Valya Zenkina asked to be left with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she vowed to continue the fight against the enemy until complete victory. And Valya kept her oath. Various tests fell on her lot. But she survived. Withstood. And she continued her struggle already in the partisan detachment. She fought bravely, on a par with adults. For courage and courage, the Motherland awarded her young daughter with the Order of the Red Star.
Arkady Kamanin He dreamed of the sky when he was just a boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And always there is a friend of his father, Mikhail Vasilievich Vodopyanov. There was something to light up the little boy's heart. But they didn’t let him into the air, they said: grow up. When the war began, he went to work at an aircraft factory, then he used the airfield in any case to take to the skies. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, happened to trust him to fly the plane. Once an enemy bullet shattered the glass of the cockpit. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After that, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying, and soon he began to fly on his own. Once, from a height, a young pilot saw our plane, shot down by the Nazis. Under the strongest mortar fire, Arkady landed, transferred the pilot to his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old. Until the very victory, Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!
Returning from the task, she immediately tied a red tie. And as if strength was added! Utah supported the tired fighters with a sonorous pioneer song, a story about her native Leningrad ... And how happy everyone was, how the partisans congratulated Utah when a message came to the detachment: the blockade was broken! Leningrad survived, Leningrad won! That day, both Yuta's blue eyes and her red tie shone like never before. But the land was still groaning under the enemy yoke, and the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the partisans of Estonia. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, a pioneer who did not part with her red tie, died the death of the brave. The Motherland awarded her heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class. Yuta Bondarovskaya Wherever the blue-eyed girl Yuta went, her red tie was invariably with her... In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad for a vacation to a village near Pskov. Here overtook Utah formidable news: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. First she was a messenger, then a scout. Disguised as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the headquarters of the Nazis were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns.
The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her leader, and she forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, products, which were obtained with great difficulty. Once, when a messenger from the partisan detachment did not arrive at the meeting place on time, Galya, half-frozen, made her way to the detachment herself, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground. Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground workers. They were kept in the Gestapo for two months. After being severely beaten, they threw him into a cell, and in the morning they took him out again for interrogation. Galya did not say anything to the enemy, she did not betray anyone. The young patriot was shot. The Motherland marked the feat of Gali Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad region - Anna Petrovna Semenova, a school counselor, was left. To communicate with the partisans, she picked up her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl in her six school years was awarded six times with books with the signature: "For excellent studies" Galya Komleva
At first I buried it in the garden under a pear tree: it was thought that ours would soon return. But the war dragged on, and, having dug up the banners, Kostya kept them in a barn until he remembered an old, abandoned well outside the city, near the Dnieper. Wrapping his priceless treasure in sacking, covering it with straw, at dawn he got out of the house and with a canvas bag over his shoulder led a cow to a distant forest. And there, looking around, he hid the bundle in the well, covered it with branches, dry grass, turf ... And throughout the long occupation, not a pioneer of his difficult guard at the banner, although he fell into a round-up, and even fled from the train in which the people of Kiev were driven to Germany . When Kiev was liberated, Kostya, in a white shirt with a red tie, came to the military commandant of the city and unfurled the banners in front of the seen and yet amazed soldiers. On June 11, 1944, the newly formed units leaving for the front were given replacements rescued by Kostya. On June 11, 1944, units leaving for the front lined up on the central square of Kiev. And before this battle formation, they read the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two combat banners of rifle regiments during the occupation of the city of Kiev ... Retreating from Kiev, two wounded soldiers entrusted Kostya with banners. And Kostya promised to keep them. Kostya Kravchuk
At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin brigade, the commander, Major P. V. Ryndin, at first turned out to accept "so small": well, what kind of partisans are they! But how much even its very young citizens can do for the Motherland! The girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked around the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, sentries were placed, which German cars were moving along the highway, what kind of trains and with what cargo they came to the Pustoshka station. She also took part in military operations... The Nazis shot the young partisan, who was betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo. In the Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, there is a bitter word: "Posthumously." For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway. bridge over the Drissa River, a Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was presented with a government award. But the Motherland did not have time to present the award to her brave daughter ... The war cut off the girl from her native city: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but could not return - the Nazis occupied the village. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery, making her way to her own. And one night with two older friends left the village. Lara Mikheenko
Outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out the iron staples, saws the piles, and at dawn from the shelter he watches the bridge collapse under the weight of the fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and they entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy's lair. At the headquarters of the Nazis, he heats stoves, chop wood, and he looks closely, remembers, and transmits information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to an ambush of the police. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses. Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons, hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles, he was hit by an enemy bullet. His little hero, who lived a short, but such bright life, the Motherland awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree. Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the retreat of our units, the company held the defense. The boy brought the cartridges to the fighters. His name was Vasya Korobko. Night. Vasya sneaks up to the school building occupied by the Nazis. He sneaks into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely. Vasya Korobko
Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Punishers tracked down the partisans. For three days the detachment left them, twice escaped from the encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called in volunteers to cover the withdrawal of the detachment. Sasha stepped forward first. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but every minute that delayed the enemy was so dear to the detachment, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the Nazis to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on. The memory of heroes is eternal! There was a war. Above the village where Sasha lived, enemy bombers hooted angrily. The native land was trampled by an enemy boot. Sasha Borodulin, a pioneer with the warm heart of a young Leninist, could not put up with this. He decided to fight the Nazis. Got a rifle. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took the first military trophy - a real German machine gun. Sasha Borodulin
The officers began to send the quick, smart boy on errands, and soon made him a messenger at the headquarters. It could not have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by the underground workers at the turnout ... Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received the task to cross the front line in order to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters partisan movement, they reported the situation and talked about what they observed on the way. Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground workers. Again, fighting without fear or hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground workers were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died as heroes. The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland to her fearless son. The name of Vitya Khomenko is the school where he studied. Pioneer Vitya Khomenko passed his heroic path of struggle against the Nazis in the underground organization "Nikolaev Center". ... At school, in German, Vitya was "excellent", and the underground instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officer's canteen. He washed dishes, sometimes served the officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the Nazis blurted out information that was of great interest to the "Nikolaev Center". Vitya Khomenko
Nadia Bogdanova She was executed twice by the Nazis, and fighting friends For many years, Nadia was considered dead. She even erected a monument. It's hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects. The first time she was captured when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag on November 7, 1941 in Vitebsk, occupied by the enemy. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch - to shoot, she had no strength left - she fell into the ditch, for a moment, ahead of the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in the ditch...
The second time she was captured at the end of the 43rd. And again torture: they poured ice water over her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, abandoned her. They took her out, paralyzed and almost blind, locals. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadia's sight. 15 years later, she heard on the radio how the head of intelligence of the 6th detachment Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers of their dead comrades would never forget, and named Nadya Bogdanova among them, who saved his life, wounded ... Only then and she showed up, only then did the people who worked with her find out about what an amazing fate she was, Nadia Bogdanova, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, and medals. Nadya Bogdanova (continued)
An ordinary black bag would not have attracted the attention of visitors to the local history museum if it had not been for a red tie lying next to it. A boy or girl involuntarily freezes, an adult stops, and they read a yellowed certificate issued by the commissar of the partisan detachment. The fact that the young mistress of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped to fight the Nazis. There is another reason to stop near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree. Lida Vashkevich
A child who has gone through the horrors of war, will he remain an ordinary child? Who took his childhood away from him? Who will return it to him? What does he remember from the experience and can tell? But he must tell! Because even now bombs are exploding somewhere, bullets are whistling, houses are burning! After the war, the world learned many stories about the fate of wartime children. Before telling about the eleven-year-old Leningrad schoolgirl Tanya Savicheva, let me remind you of the fate of the city in which she lived. From September 1941 to January 1944, 900 days and nights. Leningrad lived in the ring of enemy blockade. 640 thousand of its inhabitants died from hunger, cold and shelling. Food warehouses burned down during German air raids. I had to cut my diet. Workers and engineers and technicians were given only 250 g of bread per day, and employees and children 125 g. The Germans counted. That the Leningraders would quarrel over bread, stop defending their city and surrender it to the mercy of the enemy. But they miscalculated. A city cannot perish if the entire population and even children stand up for its defense! No, Tanya Savicheva did not build fortifications and in general she did not accomplish any heroism, her feat was something else. She wrote the history of the blockade of her family ... The large, friendly Savicheva family lived calmly and peacefully on Vasilyevsky Island. But the war took away all the relatives from the girl one by one. Tanya made 9 short entries...
Tanya Savicheva
What happened next with Tanya? How long did she outlive her family? The lonely girl, along with other orphans, managed to be sent to the relatively well-fed and prosperous Gorky region. But severe exhaustion and nervous shock took their toll; she died on May 23, 1944.
Over 20 million people lost our country in that war. The language of numbers is stingy. But you still listen and imagine... If we devoted one minute of silence to each victim, then we would have to be silent for more than 38 years.
The memory of generations is inextinguishable And the memory of those whom we revere sacredly, Come on, people, let's get up for a moment And stand in sorrow and be silent.
We do not want war anywhere, never, Let peace be in the world everywhere and always. May the life of children be bright! How bright the world is in the eyes of the open! Oh, do not destroy and do not kill - the Earth has enough of the dead!
Through the centuries, Through the years, REMEMBER!
Valya Kotik
He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Kamenetz-Podolsk (from 1954 until now - Khmelnytsky) region of Ukraine into a peasant family. At the beginning of the war, he only moved to the sixth grade, but from the first days he began to fight the invaders. In the autumn of 1941, together with his comrades, he killed the head of the field gendarmerie near the city of Shepetovka, throwing a grenade at the car in which he was traveling. From 1942 he took Active participation in the partisan movement in Ukraine. At first he was a liaison of the Shepetovskaya underground organization, then he participated in the battles. Since August 1943, in the partisan detachment named after Karmelyuk under the command of I. A. Muzalev, he was wounded twice. In October 1943, he discovered an underground telephone cable, which was soon blown up. The connection between the invaders and Hitler's headquarters in Warsaw ceased. He also contributed to the undermining of six railway echelons and a warehouse. On October 29, 1943, while on patrol, he noticed punishers who were about to raid the detachment. Having killed the officer, he raised the alarm, and, thanks to his actions, the partisans managed to repulse the enemy. In the battle for the city of Izyaslav in the Khmelnytsky region on February 16, 1944, he was mortally wounded and died the next day. He was buried in the center of the park in the city of Shepetovka. In 1958, Valya was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1957, at the Odessa film studio, the film "Eaglet" was shot, dedicated to Valya Kotik and
Marat Kazei.
Lenya Golikov
Lenya Golikov, (1926, village of Lukino, Novgorod region - January 24, 1943, Sharp Luka, Pskov region) - a teenage partisan. A brigade reconnaissance officer of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. He especially distinguished himself in the defeat of the German garrisons in the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, Sever.
In total, they destroyed: 78 Germans, two railway and 12 highway bridges, two food and feed depots and 10 vehicles with ammunition. Accompanied a wagon train with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of War and the medal "For Courage".
On August 13, 1942, returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway near the village of Varnitsy, he blew up a car with a grenade in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz was located. Golikov in a shootout shot from a machine gun the general who accompanied his officer and driver. A scout delivered a briefcase with documents to the brigade headquarters. Among them were drawings and descriptions of new models of German mines, inspection reports to higher command and other important military papers. Introduced to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On January 24, 1943, in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, Leonid Golikov died.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of April 2, 1944, Leonid Alexandrovich Golikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Subsequently, he was included in the list of pioneer heroes, although by the beginning of the war he was 15 years old.
A street was named in honor of Lenya Golikov in the Kirovsky district of St. Petersburg.
Marat Kazei
During the Great Patriotic War, his mother hid the wounded partisans and treated them, for which she was hanged by the Germans in Minsk in 1942. After the death of his mother, Marat and his older sister Ariadna went to the partisan detachment. 25th anniversary of October (November 1942).
When the partisan detachment was leaving the encirclement, Ariadna Kazei got frostbite on her legs, in connection with which she was taken by plane to mainland where she had to amputate both legs. Later she graduated from a pedagogical institute, became a Hero of Socialist Labor, a deputy of the Supreme Council, a member of the audit commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus.
Marat, as a minor, was also offered to evacuate with his sister, but he refused and stayed to fight the Nazis.
Subsequently, Marat was a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. K. K. Rokossovsky. In addition to reconnaissance, he participated in raids and sabotage. For courage and courage in battles, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, medals "For Courage" (wounded, raised partisans to attack) and "For Military Merit". Returning from reconnaissance and surrounded by the Germans, Marat Kazei blew himself up and his enemies with a grenade.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded in 1965 - 21 years after his death.
In Minsk, a monument was erected to the hero, depicting a young man a moment before the hero's death
Yuta Bondarovskaya
In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad for a vacation to a village near Pskov. Here overtook Utah formidable news: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. First she was a messenger, then a scout. Disguised as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the headquarters of the Nazis were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns.
After the liberation of Leningrad, the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the partisans of Estonia. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, a small heroine of a great war, a pioneer, died the death of the brave. The Motherland awarded her heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class.
A ship and a street in Peterhof are named after Yuta Bondarovskaya.
Zina Portnova
Zina Portnova is a Soviet underground worker, an active member of the Obol anti-fascist youth organization.
In early June 1941, she arrived for school holidays in the village of Zuya, near the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. Since 1942, a member of the Obol underground organization "Young Avengers", a member of its committee. In the underground, she was accepted into the Komsomol.
Working in the canteen of retraining courses for German officers, she poisoned food at the direction of the underground. During the proceedings, wanting to prove to the Germans her innocence, she ate poisoned soup. Miraculously, she survived.
Since August 1943, the intelligence officer of the partisan detachment. K. E. Voroshilova. In December 1943, returning from a mission to find out the reasons for the failure of the Young Avengers organization, she was captured in the village of Mostishche and identified by a certain Anna Khrapovitskaya. At one of the interrogations in the Gestapo of the village of Goryany, grabbing the investigator’s pistol from the table, shot him and two more Nazis, tried to escape, was captured. Tortured and shot in the prison of Polotsk.
On July 1, 1958, Zinaida Martynovna Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin.
In St. Petersburg there is a Zina Portnova street.
Tikhon Baran
And they learned about the feat of this 12-year-old Belarusian boy by chance, when they found the diary of a surviving German soldier. Shocked by the feat of the boy, he wrote We will never defeat the Russians, because their children fight like heroes.” This boy's name was Tikhon Baran. His entire family - 6 children and parents - went to the partisans. One day, he came to his native village with his two sisters and mother to buy clothes and food. The policeman gave them to the Nazis. The mother and children spent a month and a half in prison. Then Tikhon and his sisters were released, and their mother was taken to Germany. The exhausted children returned to their village. The girls were sheltered by neighbors, and Tikhon returned to the partisan detachment. He became connected. Once, on a mission, Tikhon again made his way to his native village, which the Nazis decided to wipe out as a partisan base. In the bitter cold, all the inhabitants were driven outside the village and forced to dig a huge hole. The village was set on fire, and the inhabitants began to be shot. Tikhon calmed and pressed his sisters to him. One of the Gestapo guessed that Tikhon was connected with the partisans. An hour later, all 957 villagers were shot, and Tikhon was kept to show the Nazis where the partisans were hiding. The boy seemed to agree and led the German soldiers into a snowstorm into impenetrable swamps, which did not freeze even in winter. Soon, when one by one they began to fall chest-deep into the quagmire, the officer suspected something was wrong.
“Where have you brought us!” the officer shouted.
Where you won’t get out,” Tikhon replied proudly. “This is for everything, you bastards,” for your mother, for your sisters, for your native village!
The Nazis killed Tikhon, but they themselves found their grave in the swamps.
Vitya Pashkevich
Victor Pashkevich - legendary man. In order to be taken to a sabotage school, he attributed to himself an extra 2 years. He wrote that he was born in 1927. He and a detachment were thrown into Transcarpathia, where he was a partisan.
In Borisovka, near Minsk, there was a whole group of underground pioneers, they studied at the same school, in the same pioneer detachment, and together they played dirty tricks on the Nazis. Boys - there are boys: somewhere there were combat missions, somewhere purely hooligan. For example, they attached the inscription "Traitor" to the back of the chief of police. And he walked down the street for several hours, not noticing anything.
The guys managed to destroy the petrol storage of the Borisov airfield. The Germans used this airfield to refuel their aircraft. Local underground workers tried to destroy it, but they did not succeed. Then the guys, there were four of them: three boys and one girl, organized a football match on the field near the gas depot. Played for several days. The Germans began to come out, watch and cheer for the teams. And then the unsuccessfully launched ball hit the territory of the gas storage. The guys ran up to the soldier - the guard, began to ask him to return the ball to them. He took it out and threw it back. The children continued to play. After some time, the ball flew there again, this was repeated two or three times, until the guard got tired and said to Vitya: “Go on your own!”. This is what was required! Viti had a magnetic mine in his pocket. He ran after the ball. While running, he fell, the ball rolled further, to the gas tanks. The Germans laughed, and the boy disappeared for a moment, took out a mine from his pocket, put the fuse into firing position and stuck the mine to the tank. Grabbing the ball, he returned to the guys, the game continued. And at night there was an explosion and all the tanks flew into the air. The Germans turned on the searchlights, rummaged through the sky, looking for the plane, but found no one.
When the war ended, he became a professor of political science, taught at the University of Uzhgorod.
Sasha Borodulin
There was a war. Above the village where Sasha lived, enemy bombers hooted angrily. The native land was trampled by an enemy boot. Sasha Borodulin could not put up with this. He decided to fight the Nazis. Got a rifle. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took the first military trophy - a real German machine gun. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941.
Punishers tracked down the partisans. For three days the detachment left them, twice escaped from the encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called in volunteers to cover the withdrawal of the detachment. Sasha stepped forward first. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but every minute that delayed the enemy was so dear to the detachment, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the Nazis to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on. The memory of heroes is eternal!
Volodya Kaznacheev
1941... In the spring I finished fifth grade. In the fall he joined a partisan detachment.
When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests, in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “Well, replenishment! , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratievna was killed by the Nazis).
There was a "partisan school" in the detachment. Future miners and demolition workers were trained there. Volodya perfectly mastered this science and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He had to cover the retreat of the group, stopping the pursuers with grenades ...
He was connected; often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; waiting for darkness, posting flyers. From operation to operation he became more experienced, more skillful.
For the head of the partisan Kzanacheev, the Nazis put a reward, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with adults the glory of the hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.
Nadia Bogdanova
She was executed twice by the Nazis, and fighting friends for many years considered Nadya dead. She even erected a monument.
It's hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects.
The first time she was captured when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag on November 7, 1941 in Vitebsk, occupied by the enemy. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch - to shoot, she had no strength left - she fell into the ditch, for a moment, ahead of the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in the ditch...
The second time she was captured at the end of the 43rd. And again torture: they poured ice water over her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, abandoned her. Came out of her, paralyzed and almost blind, the locals. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadia's sight.
15 years later, she heard on the radio how the head of intelligence of the 6th detachment Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers of their dead comrades would never forget, and named Nadya Bogdanova among them, who saved his life, wounded ...
Only then did she show up, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing fate she was, Nadia Bogdanova, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, and medals.
"Dear Parents! I am writing you my last note. I don't expect pardon... During the investigation, I kept calm... For four and a half hours they beat me three times. They beat me with rubber, a hornbeam stick, an iron stick through my veins. After that, I can't hear well. Those who were in my group are now free. No torture forced them to give their names. I am not afraid of death, I will die, as befits a patriot of the Motherland. Victory will be ours. Yasha” Suicide note of the young Odessa underground worker Yasha Gordienko, who was tortured to death by the Nazis in 1942.
Kostya Kravchuk
On June 11, 1944, units leaving for the front lined up on the central square of Kiev. And before this battle formation, they read the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two combat banners of rifle regiments during the occupation of the city of Kiev ...
Retreating from Kiev, two wounded soldiers entrusted banners to Kostya. And Kostya promised to keep them.
At first I buried it in the garden under a pear tree: it was thought that ours would soon return. But the war dragged on, and, having dug up the banners, Kostya kept them in a barn until he remembered an old, abandoned well outside the city, near the Dnieper. Wrapping his priceless treasure in sacking, covering it with straw, at dawn he got out of the house and with a canvas bag over his shoulder led a cow to a distant forest. And there, looking around, he hid the bundle in the well, covered it with branches, dry grass, turf ...
And throughout the long occupation, the pioneer carried his difficult guard at the banner, although he fell into a round-up, and even fled from the train in which the people of Kiev were driven to Germany.
When Kiev was liberated, Kostya, in a white shirt with a red tie, came to the military commandant of the city and unfurled the banners in front of the seen and yet amazed soldiers.
On June 11, 1944, the newly formed units leaving for the front were given replacements rescued by Kostya.
Vasya Korobko
Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the retreat of our units, the company held the defense. The boy brought the cartridges to the fighters. His name was Vasya Korobko.
Night. Vasya sneaks up to the school building occupied by the Nazis.
He sneaks into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely.
Outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out the iron staples, saws the piles, and at dawn from the shelter he watches the bridge collapse under the weight of the fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and they entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy's lair. At the headquarters of the Nazis, he heats stoves, chop wood, and he looks closely, remembers, and transmits information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to an ambush of the police. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses.
Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons, hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles, he was hit by an enemy bullet. The Motherland awarded her little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, with the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree.
Eternal memory to the performers of a great feat, our grandfathers and great-grandfathers!
Marat Kazei Pioneer-hero Marat Kazei was born in 1929 in a family of fiery Bolsheviks. They called him that unusual name in honor of the seagoing vessel of the same name, where his father served ...
Marat Kazei
Pioneer-hero Marat Kazei was born in 1929 in a family of fiery Bolsheviks. They called him such an unusual name in honor of the seaworthy vessel of the same name, where his father served for 10 years.
Soon after the start of the Great Patriotic War, Marat's mother began to actively help the partisans in the capital of Belarus, she sheltered wounded fighters and helped them recover for further battles. But the Nazis found out about this and the woman was hanged.
Soon after the death of his mother, Marat Kazei and his sister joined the partisan detachment, where the boy became listed as a scout. Brave and flexible, Marat often easily made his way into Nazi military units and brought important information. In addition, the pioneer participated in the organization of many acts of sabotage at German facilities.
The boy also demonstrated his courage and heroism in direct combat with enemies - even when he was wounded, he gathered his strength and continued to attack the Nazis.
At the very beginning of 1943, Marat was offered to go to a quiet area, far from the front, accompanying his sister Ariadne, who had significant health problems. The pioneer would have been easily released to the rear, since he had not yet reached the age of 18, but Kazei refused and remained to fight on.
A significant feat was accomplished by Marat Kazei in the spring of 1943, when the Nazis surrounded a partisan detachment near one of the Belarusian villages. The teenager got out of the ring of enemies and led the Red Army to help the partisans. Fascists dispersed, soviet soldiers were saved.
Recognizing the considerable merits of the teenager in military battles, open combat and as a saboteur, at the end of 1943 Marat Kazei was awarded three times: two medals and an order.
Marat Kazei met his heroic death on May 11, 1944. The pioneer and his comrade were walking back from reconnaissance, and suddenly the Nazis encircled them. Kazei's partner was shot by enemies, and the teenager blew himself up on the last grenade so that they could not capture him. There is an alternative opinion of historians that the young hero so wanted to prevent the fact that if the Nazis recognized him, they would severely punish the inhabitants of the entire village where he lived. The third opinion is that the young man decided to deal with this and take with him a few Nazis who came too close to him.
In 1965, Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the capital of Belarus, depicting the scene of his heroic death. Many streets throughout the USSR were named after the young man. In addition, organized children's camp, where students were brought up on the example of a young hero, and they were instilled with the same ardent and selfless love for the Motherland. He also bore the name "Marat Kazei".
Valya Kotik
Pioneer-hero Valentin Kotik was born in 1930 in Ukraine, into a peasant family. When the Great Patriotic War began, the boy managed to unlearn only five years. During his studies, Valya showed himself to be a sociable, smart student, a good organizer and a born leader.
When the Nazis captured the hometown of Vali Kotika, he was only 11 years old. Historians claim that the pioneer immediately began to help adults collect ammunition and weapons, which were sent to the firing line. Valya and his comrades picked up pistols and machine guns from the places of military clashes and secretly passed them to the partisans in the forest. In addition, Kotik personally drew caricatures of the Nazis and hung them in the city.
In 1942, Valentin was accepted into the underground organization of his hometown as a scout. There is information about his exploits committed as part of a partisan detachment in 1943. In the autumn of 1943, Kotik obtained information about a communication cable buried deep underground, which was used by the Nazis, and it was successfully destroyed.
Valya Kotik also blew up warehouses and trains of the Nazis, sat in ambushes many times. Even a young hero learned for the partisans information about the posts of the Nazis.
In the autumn of 1943, the boy again saved the lives of many partisans. While standing at his post, he was attacked. Valya Kotik killed one of the Nazis and informed his comrades-in-arms about the danger.
Valya Kotik was awarded two orders and a medal for his many heroic deeds.
There are two versions of the death of Valentin Kotik. The first is that he died at the beginning of 1944 (February 16) in a battle for one of the Ukrainian cities. The second is that the relatively slightly wounded Valentine was sent on a wagon train to the rear after the fighting, and this wagon train was bombed by the Nazis.
In Soviet times, all students knew the name of the brave teenager, as well as about all his accomplishments. A monument to Valentin Kotik was erected in Moscow.
Volodya Dubinin
Pioneer-hero Volodya Dubinin was born in 1927. His father was a sailor and in the past - a red partisan. From a young age, Volodya demonstrated a lively mind, quick wit and dexterity. He read a lot, took photographs, made aircraft models. Father Nikifor Semenovich often told the children about his heroic partisan past, about the formation of Soviet power.
At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, my father went to the front. Volodya's mother went with him and his sister to relatives near Kerch, in the village of Stary Karantin.
Meanwhile, the enemy was approaching. Part of the population decided to join the partisans, hiding in the nearby quarries. Volodya Dubinin and other pioneers asked to join them. The main partisan in the detachment, Alexander Zyabrev, hesitated, agreed. There were many chokepoints in the underground catacombs that only children could penetrate, and so, he reasoned, they could scout. This was the beginning of the heroic activity of the pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin, who many times rescued the partisans.
Since the partisans did not sit silently in the quarries, after the Nazis captured the Old Quarantine, but arranged all kinds of sabotage for them, the Nazis staged a blockade of the catacombs. They sealed all the exits from the quarries, filling them with cement, and it was at this moment that Volodya and his comrades did a lot for the partisans.
The boys penetrated narrow crevices and reconnoitered the situation in the Old Quarantine captured by the Germans. Volodya Dubinin was the smallest in physique and one day he was the only one who could get out to the surface. His comrades at that time helped as best they could, diverting the attention of the Nazis from those places where Volodya got out. Then they were active in another place, so that Volodya could return to the catacombs just as unnoticed in the evening.
The boys not only scouted the situation - they brought ammunition and weapons, medicine for the wounded and did other useful things. Volodya Dubinin differed from everyone in the effectiveness of his actions. He deftly deceived the Nazi patrols, making his way into the quarries, and, among other things, accurately memorized important numbers, for example, the number of enemy units in different villages.
In the winter of 1941, the Nazis decided once and for all to put an end to the partisans in the quarries under the Old Quarantine by flooding them with water. Volodya Dubinin, who went into intelligence, found out about this in time and promptly warned the underground about the insidious plan of the Nazis. In order to
in time, he returned to the catacombs in the middle of the day, risking being seen by the Nazis.
The partisans urgently put up a barrier, building a dam, and were saved thanks to this. This is the most significant feat of Volodya Dubinin, which saved the lives of many partisans, their wives and children, because some went into the catacombs with their whole families.
At the time of his death, Volodya Dubinin was 14 years old. This happened after the new year 1942. On the orders of the partisan commander, he went to the Adzhimushkay quarries to establish contact with them. On the way, he met the Soviet military units, which liberated Kerch from the Nazi invaders.
It only remained to rescue the partisans from the quarries, neutralizing the minefield that the Nazis had left behind. Volodya became a guide to the sappers. But one of them made a fatal mistake and the boy, along with four fighters, was blown up by a mine. They were buried in a common grave in the city of Kerch. And already posthumously the pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Zina Portnova
Zina Portnova accomplished several feats and acts of sabotage against the Nazis, being a member of the underground organization of the city of Vitebsk. The inhuman torments that she had to endure from the Nazis will forever be in the hearts of her descendants and after many years fill us with sorrow.
Zina Portnova was born in 1926 in Leningrad. Before the start of the war, she was an ordinary girl. In the summer of 1941, she went with her sister to her grandmother in the Vitebsk region. After the outbreak of the war, German invaders came to the area almost immediately. The girls could not return to their parents and stayed with their grandmother.
Almost immediately after the start of the war, many underground cells were organized in the Vitebsk region and partisan detachments to fight the Nazis. Zina Portnova became a member of the Young Avengers group. Their leader, Efrosinya Zenkova, was seventeen years old. Zina turned 15.
The most significant feat of Zina is the case of poisoning more than a hundred Nazis. The girl managed to do this while acting as a kitchen worker. She was suspected of this sabotage, but she herself ate the poisoned soup and was abandoned. She herself miraculously remained alive after that, her grandmother departed her with the help of medicinal herbs.
Upon completion of this case, Zina went to the partisans. Here she became a Komsomol member. But in the summer of 1943, a traitor uncovered the Vitebsk underground, 30 young people were executed. Only a few managed to escape. Zina was instructed by the partisans to contact the survivors. However, she did not succeed, she was recognized and arrested.
The Nazis already knew that Zina was also a member of the Young Avengers, they only did not know that it was she who poisoned the German officers. They tried to “split” her so that she would betray those members of the underground who managed to escape. But Zina stood her ground and actively resisted at the same time. During one of the interrogations, she snatched a Mauser from a German and shot three Nazis. But she could not escape - she was wounded in the leg. Zina Portnova could not kill herself - a misfire came out.
After that, angry fascists began to brutally torture the girl. They gouged out Zina's eyes, stuck needles under her nails, burned her with a red-hot iron. She just wanted to die. After another torture, she threw herself under a passing car, but the German nonhumans saved her in order to continue the torture.
In the winter of 1944, exhausted, crippled, blind and completely gray-haired, Zina Portnova was finally shot in the square along with other Komsomol members. Only fifteen years later this story became known to the world and Soviet citizens.
In 1958, Zina Portnova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin.
Alexander Chekalin
Sasha Chekalin accomplished several feats and died heroically at the age of sixteen. He was born in the spring of 1925 in the Tula region. Taking an example from his father, a hunter, Alexander knew how to shoot very accurately and navigate the terrain in his years.
At fourteen, Sasha was accepted into the Komsomol. By the beginning of the war, he had completed the eighth grade. A month after the Nazi attack, the front became close to the Tula region. Chekalina's father and son immediately joined the partisans.
The young partisan showed himself in the first days as a smart and brave fighter, he successfully obtained information about the important secrets of the Nazis. Sasha also trained as a radio operator and successfully connected his detachment with other partisans. The young Komsomol member also arranges very effective sabotage against the Nazis on railway. Chekalin often sits in ambush, punishes defectors, undermines enemy posts.
At the end of 1941, Alexander fell seriously ill with a cold, and in order for him to heal, the partisan command sent him to a teacher in one of the villages. But when Sasha got to the designated place, it turned out that the Nazis arrested the teacher and took him to another settlement. Then the young man climbed into the house where they lived with their parents. But the headman-traitor tracked him down and informed the Nazis about his arrival.
The Nazis besieged native home Sasha and ordered him to come out with his hands up. Komsomol started firing. When the ammunition ran out, Sasha threw a "lemon", but it did not explode. The young man was taken. For almost a week he was tortured very cruelly, demanding information about the partisans. But Chekalin did not say anything.
Later, the Nazis hanged the young man in front of the people. A sign was attached to the dead body that all partisans were executed in this way, and it hung in this form for three weeks. Only when the Soviet soldiers finally liberated the Tula region, the body of the young hero was buried with honor in the city of Likhvin, which was later renamed Chekalin.
Already in 1942, Chekalin Alexander Pavlovich was posthumously given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lenya Golikov
The pioneer hero Lenya Golikov was born in 1926 from the villages of the Novgorod region. The parents were workers. He studied for only seven years, after which he went to work at the factory.
In 1941, the Nazis captured Leni's native village. Having seen enough of their atrocities, the teenager after his release native land voluntarily joined the partisans. At first they did not want to take him because young age(age 15), but his former teacher vouched for him.
In the spring of 1942, Golikov became a full-time partisan intelligence officer. He acted very cleverly and courageously, on account of his twenty-seven successful military operations.
The most important achievement of the pioneer hero came in August 1942, when he and another scout blew up a Nazi car and captured documents that were very important for the partisans.
V last month In 1942, the Nazis began to pursue the partisans with a vengeance. January 1943 was especially difficult for them. The detachment, in which Lenya Golikov also served, about twenty people, took refuge in the village of Ostraya Luka. We decided to spend the night quietly. But a traitor from the locals betrayed the partisans.
One hundred and fifty Nazis attacked the partisans at night, they bravely entered the battle, he left the ring of punishers only six. Only at the end of the month they got to their own and said that their comrades died as heroes in an unequal battle. Among them was Lenya Golikov.
In 1944, Leonid was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
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