Defense of the Brest Fortress. (lists of the defenders of the fortress from Chiassr)

72 years have passed since the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress, but disputes about it still flare up. The voices of the representatives of Chechnya sound loudest of all in them, who are trying with all their might to prove the decisive role of their compatriots in protecting the fortress bastions and find many disinterested allies in this highly patriotic undertaking. For example, Julia Latynina she stuffed a story into one of her militants about how proud Vainakhs already in November 1941 danced dhikr in front of the Germans on the fortifications, and those, stunned by an unprecedented spectacle, could not get into them. Producer Alexander Kott tried to shove a story about the Chechen NKVD battalion, which declared jihad, into the film "Brest Fortress" Hitler and attacked the enemy with only sapper shovels. However, the evil President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko demanded to confirm the episode with documents, and the nonsense from Kott had to be thrown out ... Grozny did not accept the failure, and the head of Chechnya personally entered into the discussion Ramzan Kadyrov, which immediately put into play the authority of the President of Russia.

“In September 2004, at the Valdai Forum “Russia at the Turn of the Century: Hopes and Realities” Vladimir Putin opened the eyes of the city and the world with the statement that the defense of Brest was almost a third composed of Chechens and Ingush. - Ramzan Akhmatovich informed the readers of Izvestia. - In Soviet times, the very fact of their participation in the defense of the Brest Fortress was hushed up. For the first time, the Chechen writer raised the topic of the participation of Chechens and Ingush in the defense of the legendary citadel in his book "Brest - a fiery nut". Khalid Oshaev. On the basis of archival data and testimonies of the defenders of the fortress, he established the names of 300 of its heroes from among the Chechens. They served in almost all parts of the Brest garrison, especially in the 125th and 333rd regiments.

Kadyrov's enthusiasm is understandable. Former President of Chechnya Alu Alkhanov, claimed that the fortress was defended by 436 Ingush and Chechens, others public figures they talked about 300-400 fellow countrymen, and here at once a third of the garrison, that is, almost 2.7 thousand! True, there are no documents that confirm these data, and so far the only relatively reliable source about the Vainakhs in the Brest Fortress is a list compiled by Khalid Oshaev, deputy director of the Chechen-Ingush Research Institute of History, Language and Literature, to which Kadyrov refers. However, upon closer examination of this list, it turns out that there are no 300 Chechen participants in the defense of the citadel.

The 275 names mentioned in the list do not belong to Chechens, but to natives of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, many of whom are neither Chechens nor Ingush. Among them, 37 Russians, 2 Adyghes, 2 Jews, 2 Tatars, an Austrian, an Armenian and a Kumyk - a total of 46 people. Secondly, the servicemen listed by Oshaev are not participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress, but soldiers stationed in the Brest area of ​​the 6th and 42nd rifle divisions, and a number of separate units. Meanwhile, less than half of the 18 rifle battalions, 2 reconnaissance battalions and 14 artillery battalions of the 6th and 42nd rifle divisions deployed in the Brest region participated in the defense of the fortress - 8 rifle and 1 reconnaissance battalion with 2 artillery battalions. If we assume that all 229 Ingush and Chechens mentioned by Oshaev served near Brest, then there were no more than a hundred fighters inside the fortifications on the morning of June 22, but rather less - some of the defendants did not have a place of service at all.

Khalid Oshaev, who died back in 1977, did everything he could. Without access to the archives, the Chechen researcher collected information bit by bit and honestly wrote about all the conscripts from the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, regardless of nationality. But those referring to him, instead of continuing their research taking into account declassified documents, first wrote down almost fifty Russians, Jews and Tatars as Chechens, then increased the total number of Brest Vainakhs tenfold, and the stories about their exploits were accompanied by dubious details. So far, the record belongs to the almanac "Questions of History" published in Ingushetia:

“The former SS officer, the son of a large Lithuanian landowner, tells - Stankus Antanas. The prisoner of war, having served 25 years in strict regime camps, was afraid of the persecution of his compatriots and remained to live in the village of Malaya Saran, Karaganda region:

“It was in the middle of July 1941. It so happened that the SS division was stationed not far from the Brest Fortress in the city of Przemysl on the Bug River, which divides the city into two parts - Polish and Soviet. One regiment of this division, in which Stankus Antanas served, was ordered to clear the Brest Fortress of the remaining Red Army soldiers who defended it.

But the Brest Fortress still resisted. Less and less often shots were heard from there, fewer and fewer fighters remained. And still german army still suffered losses from well-aimed shots from the ruins. The wounded defenders of the Brest Fortress launched bayonet attacks with cries in an incomprehensible guttural language. Many of them were with typical Caucasian faces. And although each of them was wounded several times, they fought like possessed.

The time has come when the forces of the defenders of the Brest Fortress have dried up. The attacks have stopped. It became obvious that the Brest Fortress was already finished,” said Stankus Antanas. “We examined all the casemates and cellars of the fortress step by step, and everywhere we found only corpses and charred skeletons. There was no sound. Hordes of rats darted underfoot, eating corpses.

The SS division was preparing to move behind the German units advancing deep into the USSR. Our general lined up a division on a parade ground pitted with funnels, the former SS man continued his story.

He congratulated everyone on the capture of the Brest Fortress and began to present awards, at that very time a tall, fit officer of the Red Army emerged from the underground casemates of the fortress. He was blind from his wound and walked with his left arm outstretched. His right hand was on the holster of his pistol, he was in a torn uniform, but he walked with his head held high, moving along the parade ground. The division stood frozen. Having reached the funnel from the shell, he turned his face to the west. Unexpectedly for everyone, the German general suddenly clearly saluted the Soviet officer, the last defender of the Brest Fortress, after him all the officers of the German division saluted. The Red Army officer took a pistol from his holster and shot himself in the temple. He fell facing Germany. The breath went through. We stood amazed by what we saw, amazed by the courage of this man.

When they checked the documents - party and military cards - they found out that he was a native of the Chechen Republic of China, a senior lieutenant of the border troops. I remember his last name Barkhanoev. We were ordered to bury him with proper military honors."

The Brest Fortress is located in Belarus, and the city of Przemysl (now Polish Przemysl) was part of Ukraine in 1941 and is still located on the San River, and not on the Bug. The fortress was stormed not by an unnamed SS division, but by the 45th Infantry Division formed in Austria. A Lithuanian who fled from Soviet power could not become an SS officer in 1941 - then only "true Aryans" were taken there. Even if Umat-Girey Barkhanoev was captured in mid-July, he could not be the last defender of the fortress - later, on July 23, the commander of the 44th Infantry Regiment was captured Pyotr Gavrilov, however, there are no documents that a person with such a surname fought near Brest. It does not appear on Oshaev's list, and the administration of the Museum of Defense of the Brest Fortress denies its presence.

... No matter how many conscripts from Checheno-Ingushetia defended the Brest Fortress, their memory should be immortalized, and the truth about military merits restored. However, the descendants considered that writing stories in the spirit of the unforgettable Baron Munchausen is easier and more profitable in terms of PR.

In the same battle, the fate of siblings was both the same and completely different.

After reading the title of the material, anyone will immediately think of the people who fought in the fortress and became blood brothers. I will write about brothers really by blood - brothers who ended up in the fortress after being drafted into the army.

For many years, collecting materials on the defenders of the Brest Fortress and the soldiers who fought in the area of ​​the city of Brest, I often came across the same surnames. Of course, Ivanov, Sidorov, Akhmetov are common surnames, and there were many such during the search. Then I drew attention to the fact that there were entire villages and auls with one last name - and I took this into account. Then relatives and cousins ​​began to meet.

Also in Soviet time once in a conversation with G.Zh. Zhumatov, I asked him if he knew Sidorov Nikolai from Kazakhstan.

— Do you know that there were two Nikolai Sidorovs from Kazakhstan?

- They were cousins.

This is how two Nikolay Sidorovs from Kazakhstan appeared in my notes. I did not even know from where, from what area they were called.

In the course of a long search, I also saw my brothers. There were also enough of them. Therefore, it was impossible not to write about such cases. But first, I began to collect materials, those memories, fragments of some materials that dealt with the brothers. And, of course, not only from Kazakhstan.

The topic of brothers-defenders of the Brest Fortress has not been studied, therefore I present the first attempt to consider this issue.

Almost all Soviet years the reference book about the Brest Fortress was the book of S.S. Smirnov and many published materials. We knew about the Klypa brothers from Bryansk and the Ispolatov twin brothers from the Kirov region. IN Lately learned about the Zhigitekov and Volkov brothers from Kazakhstan. Perhaps all...

Klypa P.S. and Klypa N.S.

In the Red and later the Soviet Army, twin brothers were supposed to be called to serve in one place, as for siblings, preference was also given to their service in one place if they were called up at the same time. And in another call - it was already the will of chance or as fate would have it.

Today there are 18 pairs of blood brothers on my list. All of them were in the Brest Fortress on June 22, 1941, that is, most of the brothers will be discussed for the first time. We will talk about their place in the defense of the fortress and the events that took place after the war.

So, the fate of 36 people - the defenders of the Brest Fortress - blood brothers.

For the dead and the survivors:

Both brothers died in the Brest Fortress: the Dzgoevs, Dorokhins, Zhigitekovs, Karimovs, Lukhtan, Prots, Pyzhkins, Yurkevich, that is, 16 people.

One brother died in the Brest Fortress, another broke through and died later: Aksyutovich (second brother was captured, fate unknown), Antonchik (second brother died in 1941), Volkovs (second brother died in 1944), Ross (second brother died in 1941).

One brother died, the other was captured in the BK, remained alive: Veselov, Stepanov, Kharitonov, Chizh.

Both brothers survived: the Ispolatov twin brothers and the Klypa brothers. It was about them that most of the materials were deposited in the Brest Fortress.

Of the 36 brothers after the war, 8 people survived.

According to the place of conscription and geographical indication, the picture is as follows:

Belarus: Aksyutovich, Antonchik, Lukhtan, Prots, Chizh, Yurkevich.

Russia: Veselovs, Dzgoevs, Dorokhins, Ispolatovs, Klypa, Pyzhkins, Ross, Stepanovs, Kharitonovs.

Kazakhstan: Volkovs, Zhigitekovs.

Uzbekistan: Karimovs.

By nationality (definition by surname):

Belarusians: 12

Russians: 14

Ossetians: 2

On call:

Conscripts: 26

Assignees: 10

While working in November 2017 in the archives of the Memorial Complex Brest Fortress-Hero (MK BKG), I got acquainted with some of the cases of the brothers: Dorokhin, Ispolatov, Klyp, Ross, Kharitonov. Basically, the information was obtained from personal files and other documents of the MC BCG.

There is no information about the Karimov brothers from the Fergana region of Uzbekistan and the Pyzhkin brothers from the Smolensk region of Russia, except in the lists of irretrievable losses.

In the card index of the mentioned Memorial complex "Brest Fortress-Hero" there is an entry from the memoirs of Khristovsky from the 455th Infantry Regiment (rn): " Aksyutovich, private 76 mm battery 455 sp. One of the brothers was captured, his fate is unknown. There were two Aksyutoviches.

About brothers Volkov there is a recollection of Mikhail Kobzarev, fellow countryman and cadet of the regimental school, who was captured and survived. In Shakhov's book "On the Banks of the Bug" there are the following lines of his memoirs: "In response to our shots, heavy fire fell. But we are already at the ruins of the barracks. Making their way through the rubble, they heard a shout, saw butts brought in to strike. We only managed to cover our heads. "What are you, brothers, crazy about?" Only then did they recognize us. One of the cadets grumbled with displeasure: “Put your hand under your arm. They thought they were Germans. We looked around the comrades - not enough left. Among them are Semipalatinsk compatriots Mikhail and Vasily Volkov, Yakov Skvortsov, Dmitry Dmitrienko, machine gun commander Gudzenko and others.”

According to A.A. Dorokhin:

From the memoirs of MS Dubinin: “... I was wounded in the arm. It's already evening. I crawled. I see a fallen chiffonier. There was a soldier nearby. I thought I was wounded, but when I turned to myself, I saw that political officer Dorokhin had been killed in the head. He lay without a cap, in tarpaulin boots. I knew him well: four triangles on the buttonhole and an asterisk on the sleeve. I took the TT pistol and crawled away. It was near the batteries, the front side was destroyed to the window sills ... ".

The MK BKG has a personal file 83 in 84 joint ventures for a senior sergeant Dorokhin Nikolai Alexandrovich– 1917 (18) born in the village of Losogorye, Elninsky district, Smolensk region, called up in 1939 in the Smolensk region. On June 22, 1941 Art. Sergeant Dorokhin N.A. served as assistant commander of a machine-gun platoon 7 Wed 3 Sat 84 rep. He met the war in the fortress, died. In 1971, the name was placed on the Memorial's slabs. In the file cabinet, Kung N.F. recalls. "Dorokhin fought and died in the fortress." There is a photo of 1941.

Dorokhin Alexander Alexandrovich and Nikolai Alexandrovich

On November 11, 1958, Vasily Alexandrovich, the brother of the Dorokhins, who lives in Moscow, turned to the Brest Fortress. He writes that in 1956, at the request of S. Smirnov, he sent two photographs to him: one shows the political instructor of the 98th artillery division of the VET Dorokhin Alexander Alexandrovich, in another photo - foreman of the 84th joint venture Dorokhin Nikolai Aleksandrovich. Both of them died while defending the fortress. Now Dorokhin is looking for these photos and asks for information about the brothers.

On the basis of the words of the mother and cousin Mikhail Nesterovich Dorokhin, 22.02. In 1968, a reference card, where it was noted that Nikolai completed 10 classes, then a 10-month teacher training course in Smolensk, was immediately mobilized, without having time to work, non-partisan. He served from the autumn of 1939, graduated from the regimental school in the 84th joint venture, where he served. In the buttonholes of his clothes he wore three triangles - insignia.

Parents received the last letters "from Nikolai in April, from Sasha - in June." Colleagues-teachers who served in Brest - Ivan Prokhorovich Pankov and Panov remained alive and gave confirmation of Sasha's death to draw up a pension for his parents.

On February 9, 1984, the younger brother Vasily Aleksandrovich Dorokhin left memories: “I was 19 years old when the brothers Alexander and Nikolai went to serve in the Red Army. This was in 1939. Sasha was called up to the Vskhodsky RVC, where he worked as a teacher of Russian language and literature in the village of Nelips at an eight-year school. Nikolai was called up from the Yelninsky district, worked as a Russian language teacher in the Pridneprovsky or Kardymsky district, I don’t remember exactly. I remember our friendly, hard-working family, the brothers played - Kolya on the harmonica, Sasha on the balalaika.

Sasha was not talkative, shy, but hardworking. After graduating from the 7th grade, he left for Moscow - 1933-1934. - worked at the labor exchange, distributing people to work. Then he returned and graduated from the Dorogobuzh Technical School, and then the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute. Sasha was older - born in 1915, I don't remember the date, he was a good-natured, excellent shooter, chairman of OSOFIAKHIM.

Nikolai was born in 1918, was more talkative, read a lot, wanted to know everything, was inquisitive.

Parents were very hardworking, kind, they never offended anyone in word or deed. During the war, my parents helped the partisans, my father was a carrier, my mother cleaned the cartridges.”

Zhigitekov Kayain

Summoned to military service from Enbekshi-Kazakh district of Alma-Ata region in 1939 Kayain Zhigitekov, Born in 1919, was a private, shooter 1 Wed 1 Sat 125 rep. In the spring of 1941, his own brother also went to serve Zhigitekov Akmolda, born 1915 He became a private, shooter 3 Wed 1 Sat 125 sp. On June 22, Kayain had to go on leave. He wrote to his relatives that he would go to a meeting with his brother, who was not allowed to go on leave due to the fact that he still did not serve much. Both brothers died during the defense of the Brest Fortress, never seeing each other /5/.

The MK BKG has personal files No. 24 volumes 1 and 2 on Ispolatov Nikolai Mikhailovich and No. 25 in 44 sp on Ispolatov Alexei Mikhailovich

According to the materials of the conclusion dated 04/14/89 on A.M. Ispolatov: “Became known through the writer S.S. Smirnov, with whom contact was established in 1958. Filled out a reference card at the same time. Participation of A.M. Ispolatov is confirmed by fellow soldiers - the defenders of the Brest Fortress: Gavrilov P.M. , Pleshkov A.I. , Nazarov A.P. . Based on the available materials, by the decision of the scientific and methodological council of the museum, Aleksey Mikhailovich Ispolatov was approved as the defender of the Brest Fortress.

06/22/41 - cadet of the regimental school 44 sp. He met the war in the guardhouse at the Terespol Gate. Participated in battles as a machine gunner. Broke out of the fortress at the North Gate on the night of June 25, 1941 with a group of fighters. He was in a special battalion, participated in the liquidation of gangs in the region of Pinsk. Then he took part in the battles on the Western, Central, Ukrainian, 3rd Belorussian and Trans-Baikal fronts. Has medals.

Ispolatov Alexey Mikhailovich and Nikolai Mikhailovich

It is of interest on the topics "Warriors of the Brest garrison in 1941 - participants in the fighting near the city of Brest and on other fronts," Soldiers of the Brest garrison in 1941 - today in the ranks. Photo by A.M. Ispolatov and documents are exhibited in the 10th hall of the museum.

The reference card contains the memoirs of A.M. Ispolatova (March 10, 1958): “Units of 14-16 people (there were no middle commanders) suffered terrible hardships in the absence of shells, water, and medicines. The next day in the evening, a detachment from the Kobrin Gates of Major Nesterchuk joined us. The commander of this group died that same evening. I preferred to go for a breakthrough ... The scouts, as well as those sent for water, did not return. German machine-gun nests appeared along Mukhavets, and rockets took off every now and then.

On the first day, the fighters of the unit, 4-5 people each, fought their way out of the fortress. Separate units of the central group, which included the regimental commissar Fomin, Matevosyan and others, sought to break through to the north. We were in the northern part and decided to break out of the fortress with a bold throw. Of the total number of 30-35 people (after merging with the group from the Kobrin Gates), about half decided to break through. On the night of June 24 (25) a group armed with light weapons accumulated near the Northern Gates of the fortress. Already during the dashes, part was seen by the enemy and some were wounded. The whole group at the gate was met with fire, and only me and Jr. Sergeant Sokolenko (he was after me in the special battalion) managed to get away.”

Nikolai Mikhailovich Ispolatov wrote in cards in the 50s and early 60s: “The general management of the Northern Island of the Brest Fortress was headed by the commander of our 44th joint venture, Major Gavrilov.

Together with Sergeant Maksimov (the last name may not be entirely accurate) and other soldiers, I defended a sector on the left bank of the Mukhavets; we fired at the Nazis on the Mukhavetsky bridge. In the battle with tanks, many died, and I was wounded and taken out of the battle to one of the cellars. But there were hot fights. After the first aid, he took part in the evacuation of the warehouse. He defended the northwestern part of the fortress with the Uzbek fighter Basharov from the 44 joint venture of the 1st line of the company and other fighters.

Our task, according to the order, was to destroy enemy manpower. Together with Basharov (he died behind a machine gun, I don’t remember exactly, it seems on the 3rd day of the war) I was on duty behind one of the Maxim machine guns. It was difficult with ammunition, with water, but there was no food at all. People were suffocating from some kind of rubber burning nearby. 26.06. at night they made a sortie for water and ammunition. Near the warehouse, not far from Mukhavets, I was wounded and shell-shocked in the head, I lost consciousness. Now my vision has returned, but I hear badly due to contusion, paralysis of the left auditory nerve.

28.06. I came to my senses in the revira (the so-called medical unit) of the Biala Podlaska camp. By the way, doctors from the Brest garrison hospital worked there, and Baraev, a soldier of the 1st line of the 44th regiment, worked as an orderly. They took fragments from the legs and arms, bandaged the wounds. Then they transferred me to camp 308 (New Tamer); then sent to the Annaberg camp for the construction of a highway. Mass executions of prisoners of war began. A riot broke out in the camp. And here I am near the Carpathians in a concentration camp ... Raishen team 3003. Escape. The Gestapo and the prison in Grossenraschitz...

... I managed to repeat the escape and instead of a concentration camp I ended up in the French camp IX "8" in Tottingen, from where I fled with the French Enenigulet, Marcel Clochet and others to the mountains of Tarza. Together with the French partisans, he participated in attacks on Hitler's carts and SS men retreating from the west. That's probably all."

After the war, Alexei lived in Moscow, and was also the head of the Russian language department at the institutes.

Both brothers always spoke to the youth and remember everyone: the dead and the survivors in that great war...

To be continued

Brothers - defenders of the Brest Fortress

1. Aksyutovich - Vitebsk region. Call 1940 Vitebsk region Private, artillery battery 455 sp. Died in BC. Aksyutovich - Vitebsk region. Call 1940 Vitebsk region Private, artillery battery 455 sp. One of the brothers was in captivity, the further fate is unknown, but which of them was in captivity is also unknown. Another died in BC.
2. Antonchik Pavel Yakovlevich - born in 1906, the village of Podkraichi Berezovsky district Brestskaya region Conscription 05/19/1941 Pruzhany RVC Brest region, no. Private, ascribed to the 3rd mortar company 3rd sb 84th joint venture. On June 22 at 5 o'clock he was captured in BC. Frontstalag 307. 09/14/1941 died. Antonchik Stepan Yakovlevich - born in 1908, Podkraichi village, Berezovsky district, Brest region, unnamed. Conscription 05/19/1941. Private, assigned to the 3rd mortar company, 3rd sb 84th brigade. Brest region Died in BC.

1. Veselov Mikhail Ivanovich - v. Artyushino Toropetsky district, Kalinin region, drafted in 1940, Kalinin region. Private, artillery battery 333 sp. Died in BC. Veselov Fedor Ivanovich - 09/15/1920, Artyushino village, Toropetsky district, Kalinin region, peasant, Russian. Conscription 1940 Kalinin region, Russian. Private, anti-tank defense battery 333 sp. Captured in BC. Stalag VIII E No. 21484 (Hammelburg, Stalag XIII - D Nurnberg-Langwasser). Stayed alive.
2. Volkov Vasily - Semipalatinsk. Call 1940 Semipalatinsk region. Private, cadet of a machine-gun platoon of the regimental school 44 joint venture, died on June 24 in the BC. Volkov Mikhail - born in 1920, Semipalatinsk. Call 1940 Semipalatinsk region. Private, cadet of the machine-gun platoon of the regimental school 44 sp. June 24 broke through from the BC. In 1944 he died.
3. Dzgoev Alkhast Khazbechirovich - born in 1917, p. Zamankul Pravoberezhny district of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, b \ p. Conscription 1939 North Ossetian ASSR. Private 125 sp. Died in BC. Dzgoev Uruzmak Khazbechirovich - born in 1912, p. Zamankul Pravoberezhny district of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, b/p. Conscription 1939 North Ossetian ASSR. Private 125 sp. Died in BC.
4. Dorokhin Alexander Alexandrovich - born in 1915, Losogorye village, Elninsk district, Smolensk region. Call 1939 Smolensk region. Deputy political officer, assistant commander of the fire platoon 1 about 98 fall. On June 23 he died in BC. Dorokhin Nikolai Alexandrovich - born in 1917, Losogorye village, Elninsk district, Smolensk region. Call 1939 Smolensk region. Art. sergeant, assistant commander of a rifle platoon 7 Wed 3 Sat 84 rep. On June 22 he died in BC.
5. Zhigitekov Akmolda - born in 1915, p. Tau-Turgen Enbekshi-Kazakh district Alma-Ata region, no. Call 1941 Alma-Ata region. Private, shooter 3 Wed 1 Sat 125 sp. Died in BC. Zhigitekov Kaidin - born in 1919, p. Tau-Turgen Enbekshi-Kazakh district Alma-Ata region Call of 1939 Alma-Ata region. Private, shooter 1 wed 1 sb 125 sp. Died in BC.
6. Ispolatov Alexey Mikhailovich - born in 1922, Kotelnich, Kirov region. Call 1940 Kirov region Private, mortar squad 1 Wed 1 Sat 44 br. June 23 broke through from the BC. Alive. Ispolatov Nikolai Mikhailovich - born in 1922, Kotelnich, Kirov region. Call 1940 Kirov region Private, mortar squad 1 Wed 1 Sat 44 br. June 24 captured in BC. Alive.
7. Karimov Tashtemir - born in 1915, Margilan, Fergana region. Conscription 1939 Ferghana region Private 455 sp. Died in BC. Karimov Ergash - born in 1919, Margilan, Fergana region. Conscription 1939 Ferghana region Private 455 sp. Died in BC.
8. Klypa Nikolai Sergeevich - born in 1915, Bryansk. Call of 1932, Bryansk region. Lt, bandmaster of the musician platoon of the 333rd regiment. On June 22, he broke through from the BC. Alive. Klypa Petr Sergeevich - born in 1926, Bryansk. Set 1939, Bryansk region. Pupil, trumpeter of a musical platoon 333 sp. June 23 broke through from the BC. Alive.
9. Lukhtan Moisei Kondratievich - born in 1914, village of Sporovo, Berezovsky district, Brest region, unnamed. Private, ascribed 33 oip. Died in BC. Lukhtan Nikolai Kondratievich - born in 1911, village of Sporovo, Berezovsky district, Brest region. Private, ascribed 33 oip. Died in BC.
10. Prots Stepan Panteleevich - born in 1913, Protsy village, Berezovsky district, Brest region. Conscription May 1941 Brest region Private, assigned to the engineering battalion 33 oip. Died in BC. Prots Vladimir Panteleevich v. Protsy Berezovsky district Brest region Call 1941 Brest region. Private, assigned to the engineering battalion 33 oip. Died in BC.
11. Pyzhkin Andrey - Ugransky district, Smolensk region. Call 1940 Smolensk region. Private 3 about 98 litter. Died in BC. Pyzhkin Grigory - Ugransky district, Smolensk region. Call 1940 Smolensk region. Private 3 about 98 litter. Died in BC.
12. Ross Alexander Moiseevich - born in 1919, senior Arzhanovskaya Alekseevsky district, Volgograd region Call of 1940 Crimean region. Private, cadet of the cadet automobile platoon of the 31st OATB. Died in BC. Ross Mikhail Moiseevich - born in 1919, Art. Arzhanovskaya Alekseevsky district, Volgograd region Call of 1940 Crimean region. Private, cadet of the cadet automobile platoon of the 31st OATB. Captured in BC. In 1941 he died.
13. Stepanov Methodius Stepanovich - village Andryushevo Ibresinsky district of the Chuvash ASSR. Call 1939 Chuvash ASSR. Private 333 sp. Captured in BC. Alive. Stepanov Fedor Stepanovich - born in 1915, Andryushevo village, Ibresinsky district of the Chuvash ASSR. Call 1939 Chuvash ASSR. S-t, assistant to the commander of a rifle platoon 3 Wed 1 Sat 333 rep. Died in BC.
14. Kharitonov Denis Ivanovich - born in 1918, the village of Krutiki, Velizh district, Smolensk region, unsigned. Call 1939 Smolensk region. Private, baker of the household platoon 44 opah. June 29 captured in BC. Alive. Kharitonov Kuzma Ivanovich - born in 1915, the village of Krutiki, Velizh district, Smolensk region. Call 1939 Smolensk region. Private 84 sp. On June 22 he died in BC.
15. Chizh Kirill Lavrentievich - v. Novodvortsy, Pruzhany district, Brest region. Call 1941 Brest region Private, assigned to a mortar battery 84 sp. Died in BC. Chizh Semyon Lavrentievich - born in 1915, Novodvortsy village, Pruzhany district, Brest region, Belarusian. Conscription May 1941 Brest region Private, assigned to an anti-tank defense battery 84 sp. Captured in BC. Alive.
16. Yurkevich Nikolai Nesterovich - born in 1914, village Bolshie Leskovichi, Berezovsky district, Brest region. Call 1941 Brest region Private, assigned to the engineering battalion 33 oip. On June 25 he died in BC. Yurkevich Timofey Nesterovich - born in 1912, Bolshoi Leskovichi village, Berezovsky district, Brest region. Call 1941 Brest region Private, assigned to the engineering battalion 33 oip. On June 25 he died in BC.

June 22, 1941 at 4 o'clock in the morning, an event occurred that turned the life of every citizen of our country. It seems that a lot of time has passed since that moment, but there are still a lot of secrets and reticences. Over some of them we tried to lift the veil.

Underground heroes

"AiF" conducted a special investigation, looking through the archives of the Wehrmacht. The conclusions were stunning.

“The losses are very heavy. For all the time of the fighting - from June 22 to June 29 - we lost 1121 people killed and wounded. The fortress and the city of Brest are captured, the bastion is under our complete control, despite the cruel courage of the Russians. Soldiers are still being fired upon from basements, lone fanatics, but we will soon deal with them.”

This is an excerpt from a report to the General Staff Lieutenant General Fritz Schlieper, commander of the 45th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht- the one that stormed the Brest Fortress. The official date of the fall of the citadel is June 30, 1941. The day before, the Germans launched a large-scale assault, capturing the last fortifications, including the Kholm Gate. The surviving Soviet soldiers, having lost their commanders, went into the cellars and flatly refused to surrender.

Memorial complex "Brest Fortress - Hero". Ruins of the White Palace. Photo: RIA Novosti / Yan Tikhonov

lone ghosts

— After capturing the citadel guerrilla war I spent at least a month in the casemates, - explains Alexander Bobrovich, historian-researcher from Mogilev. – In 1952, an inscription was found on the wall of the barracks near the Bialystok Gate: “I am dying, but I do not give up. Farewell, Motherland. July 20, 1941. They fought according to the “shoot-and-run” tactics: they made a couple of accurate shots at the Germans and went back to the cellars. August 1, 1941 non-commissioned officer Max Klegel wrote in his diary: “Two of ours died in the fortress - a half-dead Russian stabbed them with a knife. It's still dangerous here. I hear gunfire every night."

The archives of the Wehrmacht dispassionately record the heroism of the defenders of the Brest Fortress. The front went far ahead, the fighting was already going on near Smolensk, but the destroyed citadel continued to fight. On July 12, "a Russian rushed from the tower to a group of sappers, holding two grenades in his hands - four were killed on the spot, two died in the hospital from wounds." 21 July " Corporal Erich Zimmer, went out for cigarettes, was strangled with a belt. How many fighters were hiding in the casemates is unclear. There is no consensus on who the last defender of the Brest Fortress could be. Historians of Ingushetia refer to the testimony Stankus Antanas, a captured SS officer: “In the second half of July, I saw an officer of the Red Army get out of the casemates. Seeing the Germans, he shot himself - in his pistol was the last cartridge. During the search of the body, we found documents in the name of Senior Lieutenant Umat-Girey Barkhanoev". The latest case - captivity Major Pyotr Gavrilov, head of the defense of the Eastern Fort. He was taken prisoner on July 23, 1941 at the Kobrin fortification: a wounded man killed two German soldiers in a shootout. Later, Gavrilov said that he hid in the basements for three weeks, making sorties at night with one of the fighters until he died. How many more such lone ghosts remained in the Brest Fortress?

In 1974 Boris Vasiliev, author of the book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...", published the novel "Not on the Lists", which received no less fame. book hero, Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, fighting alone in the Brest Fortress ... until April 1942! Mortally wounded, he learns the news that the Germans are defeated near Moscow, leaves the basement and dies. How reliable is this information?

- I must note that the novel by Boris Vasiliev is purely piece of art- throws up his hands Valery Hubarenko, Director memorial complex"Brest Fortress-Hero", Major General. - And the facts of the death of the last defender of Brest given there, unfortunately, do not have any documentary evidence.

Monument "Courage" of the memorial complex "Brest Hero Fortress". Photo: RIA Novosti / Alexander Yuriev

Flamethrowers against courage

Meanwhile, on August 15, 1941, a photo of soldiers with flamethrowers "performing a combat mission in the Brest Fortress" appeared in the Nazi press - living proof that skirmishes in casemates went on for almost two months after the start of the war. Having lost patience, the Germans used flamethrowers to smoke out the last brave men from the shelters. Half blind in the dark, without food, without water, bleeding, the fighters refused to surrender, continuing to resist. The inhabitants of the villages around the fortress claimed that the shooting from the citadel was heard until mid-August.

- Presumably, the end of the resistance of the Soviet border guards in the fortress can be considered August 20, 1941, - believes Tadeusz Krolewski, Polish historian. — A little earlier German commandant of Brest, Walther von Unruh, Colonel of the General Staff Blumentritt visited and ordered "urgently put the fortress in order." For three days in a row, day and night, using all types of weapons, the Germans carried out a total cleansing of the Brest Fortress - probably, these days its last defenders fell. And already on August 26, two people visited the dead fortress - Hitler and Mussolini ...

Myself Lieutenant General Fritz Schlieper in the same report he indicated: he cannot understand the meaning of such fierce resistance - "probably the Russians fought purely out of fear of execution." Schliper lived until 1977 and, I think, did not understand: when a person rushes with a grenade at enemy soldiers, he does not do this because of someone's threats. And just because he is fighting for his homeland ...

Little Known Facts

1. The Brest Fortress was stormed not by the Germans, but by the Austrians. In 1938, after the Anschluss (annexation) of Austria to the Third Reich, the 4th Austrian division was renamed the 45th Wehrmacht infantry division - the same one that crossed the border on June 22, 1941.

2. Major Gavrilov was not repressed, as indicated in the credits of the movie hit "Brest Fortress", but in 1945 he was expelled from the party ... for losing his party card in captivity!

3. In addition to the fortress, the Nazis could not take the Brest railway station for 9 days. Railway workers, police and border guards (about 100 people) went into the basements and at night made attacks on the platform, shooting Wehrmacht soldiers. The soldiers ate cookies and sweets from the buffet. As a result, the Germans flooded the basements of the station with water.

When it comes to the soldiers of the Brest Fortress, the emphasis is on national question. Questioners are not interested in anything more than their names and from what places they were called up for service. Officers and soldiers of the Brest Fortress, dead, captured and missing - 1941 WWII.

Who are you, soldiers of the Brest Fortress?

Approximately three years ago a Chechen delegation arrived in Brest. They presented the local administration for cloaks and hats and proposed to erect a monument to the Chechen defenders in the fortress. They even wrote a letter to the president. Chechens - defenders of the Brest Fortress? Even in the script of the film that Russia and Belarus released on the occasion of the 65th anniversary Great Victory, for the allied 11 million dollars, at the public comment stage, the veterans opposed this interpretation of the plot. The Chechen group is completely ridiculous! Only four defenders of the Brest Fortress were of Chechen nationality!

The director of the memorial "Brest Fortress" Valery GUBARENKO was outraged: - They came up with a Chechen platoon. Yes, there was no such platoon here! When the war started, there were no national formations in the Brest Fortress.
About the defenders, soldiers and officers of the Brest Fortress, whose names have been restored, it can be said that there were 180 Russians, 41 Ukrainians, 32 Belarusians and soldiers of many other nationalities.

Brest Fortress and its soldiers

Photo taken in 1961. Those who survived gathered in the fortress after 20 years. Photo: from the museum
More than 30 nationalities fought in the Brest Fortress. But it is impossible to divide the territory of heroism along national lines. The remains of 962 defenders of the fortress rest under the memorial plates. The names of 690 of them are unknown.
8 thousand people were in the fortress at the time of the attack. 4 thousand could leave her. It was not a small garrison, as was once written in official sources.

In the spring of 1941, two rifle divisions of the Red Army were located on the territory of the Brest Fortress. One of these units is the 6th Oryol Red Banner Division. The other is the 42nd (it was created in 1940 during the Finnish campaign and already had war experience to show itself in fights on the Mannergejma line)
On the eve of the war, more than half of the units of two divisions were withdrawn to the camps for exercises - 10 out of 18 rifle battalions, 3 out of 4 artillery regiments, one of the two divisions of anti-aircraft defense and air defense, reconnaissance battalions and some other units.

On the morning of June 22, 1941 were in the fortress:
- 84th rifle regiment without two battalions
- 125th rifle regiment without a battalion and a sapper company
- 333rd rifle regiment without a battalion and a sapper company
- 44th Infantry Regiment without two battalions
- 455th rifle regiment without a battalion and a field company
131st Artistic Regiment
- 98th anti-tank defense battalion
- 393rd anti-aircraft artillery battalion - 75th reconnaissance battalion
- 37th signal battalion
- 31st autobattalion - 158th autobattalion
- Rear units of the 33rd technical regiment and the 22nd reserve unit
- 132nd battalion of the convoy of the armies of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs - 3rd border commandant's office of the 17th detachment
- 9th frontier post (in the Citadel - the central part of the fortress) - District hospital (on the southern island. Most of the staff and patients were taken prisoner during the first hours.

In August 2016, a number of Russian and local media reported that the last defender, Boris Efimovich Faershtein, had died (video below).

Brest Fortress. 1941-1944

Just a few days later, denials of this news appeared. the site decided to publish the information that was published by the official website of the Brest Fortress-Hero MC.

According to the State Institution "Memorial Complex" Brest Hero Fortress "B.E. Faershtein in June 1941 - deputy political officer, foreman of the 3rd machine gun company of the 3rd rifle battalion of the 44th rifle regiment rifle division. On the eve of the war, the 3rd Rifle Battalion was located in Fort No. 5, 3 kilometers south of the Brest Fortress. With the outbreak of war, Boris Efimovich participated in the defense of the fort, broke through to the east with heavy fighting, and was captured. All the horrors of Nazi captivity fell to his lot. But the Nazis could not break his spirit.

In the branch of the memorial at the exhibition "Western outpost of the Fatherland" a photo of B.E. Faershtein is exhibited. He was registered as a participant in the battles near Brest in June 1941. During the excursions, museum staff talk about his difficult fate.

The staff of the memorial complex "Brest Hero Fortress" expresses its sincere condolences to the family and friends on the death of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a participant in the fighting in the area of ​​​​Brest Faershtein Boris Efimovich. Blessed be his memory!

The staff of the memorial is in constant contact with the defenders of the Brest Fortress and their children, participants in the battles in the area of ​​Brest and the liberation of the city in July 1944, who live in different cities former Soviet Union. Every year we make a kind of roll call of the surviving veterans by sending greeting cards for the Victory Day. On the this moment we know we're alive

• Kokoreva (Chetverukhina) Valentina Alexandrovna Born in 1913, native of Veidelevka, Voronezh region.

  In June 1941 - military doctor of the III rank, intern of the 28th rifle corps. She worked at the Brest Military Hospital in the neurological department, which was located on the territory of the Volyn fortification of the Brest Fortress. On June 22, 1941, she was on duty in the department. With the outbreak of war, she evacuated some of the patients, then was in the group of the head of the Brest military hospital, Boris Maslov. June 24 was captured.

  Lives in the Leningrad region.

• Kotelnikov Petr Pavlovich Born in 1929, a native of the village of Bogoyavlensk, Penza Region.

  In June 1941 - a pupil of the music platoon of the 44th rifle regiment. The war caught in the location of the regiment. He took part in the defense of the Brest Fortress. He was captured, ended up in the Brest prison, was released from prison with other teenagers. found shelter at local residents in the village of Saki until the end of the war.

  In 1950 he was called to serve in Soviet Army. Now a retired colonel, he lives in Moscow.

• Kazmin Vladimir Pakhomovich Born in 1925, native of the farm Kazminka, Rostov Region.
  In June 1941 he was a pupil of the musician platoon of the 44th Infantry Regiment. I met the war in the barracks of the regiment. He took part in the defense of the Eastern Fort. He was taken prisoner on June 29, 1941. Escaped from captivity, was with local residents. He was taken to forced labor in Germany. Returned to his homeland in July 1945. Lives in Shakhty, Rostov region.