1. In the absence of an external field, the particles are distributed inside the substance so that the electric field they create is zero. 2. In the presence of an external field, a redistribution of charged particles occurs, and an own electric field arises in the substance, which is the sum of the external E0 field and the internal E / created by the charged particles of the substance? What substances are called conductors? 3. Conductors -
- substances with the presence of free charges that participate in thermal motion and can move throughout the volume of the conductor
- 4. In the absence of an external field in the "-" conductor, the free charge is compensated by the "+" charge of the ionic lattice. In an electric field, there redistribution free charges, as a result of which uncompensated "+" and "-" charges appear on its surface
- This process is called electrostatic induction, and the charges that appeared on the surface of the conductor are induction charges.
- 8. There are no free electric charges in dielectrics (insulators). They are composed of neutral atoms or molecules. Charged particles in a neutral atom are bound to each other and cannot move under the action of an electric field throughout the entire volume of the dielectric.
- water, alcohol,
- nitric oxide (4)
- inert gases, oxygen, hydrogen, benzene, polyethylene.
- A) Potential energy of charges
- B) Kinetic energy of charges
- B) zero
- A) These are substances in which charged particles cannot move under the influence of an electric field.
- B) These are substances in which charged particles can move under the influence of an electric field.
- A) This is the displacement of positive and negative bound charges of the dielectric in opposite directions
- B) This is the displacement of the positive and negative bound charges of the dielectric in one direction
- C) This is the arrangement of positive and negative charges of the dielectric in the middle
- A) inside the conductor
- B) on its surface
- 8. Non-polar dielectrics, these are dielectrics in which the centers of distribution of positive and negative charges ...
- A) On the fact that the electric field inside the conductor is maximum.
- B) on the fact that there is no electric field inside the conductor
- A) It is a positively charged system of charges
- B) It is a negatively charged system of charges
- B) This neutral system of charges
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Conductors and dielectrics in an electric field Charged particles that can move freely in an electric field are called free charges, and substances containing them are called conductors. Conductors are metals, liquid solutions and melts of electrolytes. Free charges in the metal are the electrons of the outer shells of atoms that have lost contact with them. These electrons, called free electrons, are free to move through the metal body in any direction. Under electrostatic conditions, i.e., when electric charges are stationary, the electric field strength inside the conductor is always zero. Indeed, if we assume that there is still a field inside the conductor, then electric forces proportional to the field strength will act on the free charges in it, and these charges will begin to move, which means that the field will cease to be electrostatic. Thus, there is no electrostatic field inside the conductor.
slide 3
Substances in which there are no free charges are called dielectrics or insulators. Various gases, some liquids (water, gasoline, alcohol, etc.), as well as many solid substances (glass, porcelain, plexiglass, rubber, etc.) can serve as examples of dielectrics. There are two types of dielectrics - polar and non-polar. In a polar dielectric molecule, positive charges are predominantly in one part of it (“+” pole), and negative charges are in the other (“-” pole). In a nonpolar dielectric, positive and negative charges are equally distributed throughout the molecule. The electric dipole moment is a vector physical quantity that characterizes the electrical properties of a system of charged particles (charge distribution) in the sense of the field created by it and the action of external fields on it. The simplest system of charges that has a certain (independent of the choice of origin) non-zero dipole moment is a dipole (two point particles with opposite charges of the same magnitude)
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The electric dipole moment of the dipole is equal in absolute value to the product of the value of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and is directed from the negative charge to the positive, or: where q is the magnitude of the charges, l is a vector with the beginning in the negative charge and the end in the positive. For a system of N particles, the electric dipole moment is: The system units for electric dipole moment have no special name. In SI, it's just Cm. The electric dipole moment of molecules is usually measured in debyes: 1 D = 3.33564 10−30 C m.
slide 5
Dielectric polarization. When a dielectric is introduced into an external electric field, a certain redistribution of the charges that make up the atoms or molecules occurs in it. As a result of this redistribution, excess uncompensated bound charges appear on the surface of the dielectric sample. All charged particles that form macroscopic bound charges are still part of their atoms. The bound charges create an electric field, which inside the dielectric is directed opposite to the external field strength vector. This process is called dielectric polarization. As a result, the total electric field inside the dielectric turns out to be smaller in absolute value than the external field. The physical quantity equal to the ratio of the modulus of the external electric field in vacuum E0 to the modulus of the total field in a homogeneous dielectric E is called the permittivity of the substance:
slide 6
There are several mechanisms for the polarization of dielectrics. The main ones are orientational and deformation polarizations. Orientational or dipole polarization occurs in the case of polar dielectrics consisting of molecules in which the centers of distribution of positive and negative charges do not coincide. Such molecules are microscopic electric dipoles - a neutral combination of two charges, equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, located at some distance from each other. For example, a water molecule has a dipole moment, as well as molecules of a number of other dielectrics (H2S, NO2, etc.). In the absence of an external electric field, the axes of molecular dipoles are randomly oriented due to thermal motion, so that on the surface of the dielectric and in any element of the volume, the electric charge is on average equal to zero. When a dielectric is introduced into an external field, a partial orientation of molecular dipoles occurs. As a result, uncompensated macroscopic bound charges appear on the surface of the dielectric, creating a field directed towards the external field.
Slide 7
The polarization of polar dielectrics strongly depends on temperature, since the thermal motion of molecules plays the role of a disorienting factor. The figure shows that in an external field, oppositely directed forces act on opposite poles of a polar dielectric molecule, which try to rotate the molecule along the field strength vector.
Slide 8
The deformation (or elastic) mechanism manifests itself during the polarization of nonpolar dielectrics, the molecules of which do not possess a dipole moment in the absence of an external field. During electron polarization under the action of an electric field, the electron shells of nonpolar dielectrics are deformed - positive charges are displaced in the direction of the vector, and negative charges in the opposite direction. As a result, each molecule turns into an electric dipole, the axis of which is directed along the external field. Uncompensated bound charges appear on the surface of the dielectric, creating their own field directed towards the external field. This is how the polarization of a nonpolar dielectric occurs. An example of a non-polar molecule is the methane CH4 molecule. This molecule has a fourfold ionized carbon ion C4– located in the center of a regular pyramid, at the tops of which there are hydrogen ions H+. When an external field is applied, the carbon ion is displaced from the center of the pyramid, and the molecule has a dipole moment proportional to the external field.
Slide 9
In the case of solid crystalline dielectrics, a kind of deformation polarization is observed - the so-called ionic polarization, in which ions of different signs that make up the crystal lattice, when an external field is applied, shift in opposite directions, as a result of which bound (uncompensated) charges appear on the crystal faces. An example of such a mechanism is the polarization of a NaCl crystal, in which the Na+ and Cl– ions form two nested sublattices. In the absence of an external field, each unit cell of the NaCl crystal is electrically neutral and does not have a dipole moment. In an external electric field, both sublattices are displaced in opposite directions, i.e., the crystal is polarized.
Slide 10
The figure shows that an external field acts on a nonpolar dielectric molecule, moving opposite charges inside it in different directions, as a result of which this molecule becomes similar to a polar dielectric molecule, orienting itself along the field lines. The deformation of nonpolar molecules under the action of an external electric field does not depend on their thermal motion, therefore the polarization of a nonpolar dielectric does not depend on temperature.
slide 11
Fundamentals of the band theory of solids Band theory is one of the main sections of the quantum theory of solids, describing the motion of electrons in crystals, and is the basis of the modern theory of metals, semiconductors and dielectrics. The energy spectrum of electrons in a solid differs significantly from the energy spectrum of free electrons (which is continuous) or the spectrum of electrons belonging to individual isolated atoms (discrete with a certain set of available levels) - it consists of separate allowed energy bands separated by forbidden energy bands. According to Bohr's quantum mechanical postulates, in an isolated atom, the energy of an electron can take on strictly discrete values (an electron has a certain energy and is located in one of the orbitals).
slide 12
In the case of a system of several atoms united by a chemical bond, the electronic energy levels are split in an amount proportional to the number of atoms. The measure of splitting is determined by the interaction of the electron shells of atoms. With a further increase in the system to a macroscopic level, the number of levels becomes very large, and the difference in the energies of electrons located in neighboring orbitals, respectively, is very small - the energy levels are split into two practically continuous discrete sets - energy bands.
slide 13
The highest of the allowed energy bands in semiconductors and dielectrics, in which at a temperature of 0 K all energy states are occupied by electrons, is called the valence band, followed by the conduction band. According to the principle of the mutual arrangement of these zones, all solid substances are divided into three large groups: conductors - materials in which the conduction band and valence band overlap (there is no energy gap), forming one zone, called the conduction band (thus, an electron can move freely between them, having received any admissibly small energy); dielectrics - materials in which the zones do not overlap and the distance between them is more than 3 eV (in order to transfer an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, significant energy is required, therefore dielectrics practically do not conduct current); semiconductors - materials in which the zones do not overlap and the distance between them (the band gap) lies in the range of 0.1–3 eV (in order to transfer an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, less energy is required than for a dielectric, therefore pure Semiconductors conduct little current.
Slide 14
The band gap (the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands) is a key quantity in the band theory and determines the optical and electrical properties of the material. The transition of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band is called the process of generating charge carriers (negative - an electron, and positive - a hole), and the reverse transition is called a recombination process.
slide 15
Semiconductors are substances whose band gap is on the order of a few electron volts (eV). For example, diamond can be attributed to wide-gap semiconductors, and indium arsenide - to narrow-gap ones. Semiconductors include many chemical elements (germanium, silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, and others), a huge number of alloys and chemical compounds (gallium arsenide, etc.). The most common semiconductor in nature is silicon, which makes up almost 30% of the earth's crust. A semiconductor is a material that, in terms of its conductivity, occupies an intermediate position between conductors and dielectrics and differs from conductors in its strong dependence of conductivity on impurity concentration, temperature, and exposure to various types of radiation. The main property of a semiconductor is an increase in electrical conductivity with increasing temperature.
slide 16
Semiconductors are characterized by both the properties of conductors and dielectrics. In semiconductor crystals, electrons need about 1-2 10-19 J (approximately 1 eV) of energy to be released from the atom, versus 7-10 10-19 J (approximately 5 eV) for dielectrics, which characterizes the main difference between semiconductors and dielectrics . This energy appears in them with an increase in temperature (for example, at room temperature, the energy level of the thermal motion of atoms is 0.4 10 −19 J), and individual electrons receive energy to detach from the nucleus. They leave their nuclei, forming free electrons and holes. As the temperature rises, the number of free electrons and holes increases; therefore, in a semiconductor that does not contain impurities, the electrical resistivity decreases. Conventionally, it is customary to consider as semiconductors elements with an electron binding energy of less than 2-3 eV. The electron-hole mechanism of conduction manifests itself in intrinsic (that is, without impurities) semiconductors. It is called intrinsic electrical conductivity of semiconductors.
Slide 17
The probability of an electron transition from the valence band to the conduction band is proportional to (-Еg/kT), where Еg is the band gap. With a large value of Еg (2-3 eV), this probability turns out to be very small. Thus, the division of substances into metals and non-metals has a well-defined basis. In contrast, the division of nonmetals into semiconductors and dielectrics has no such basis and is purely arbitrary.
Slide 18
Intrinsic and Impurity Conductivity Semiconductors in which free electrons and "holes" appear in the process of ionization of the atoms from which the entire crystal is built are called semiconductors with intrinsic conductivity. In semiconductors with intrinsic conductivity, the concentration of free electrons is equal to the concentration of "holes". Impurity conductivity Crystals with impurity conductivity are often used to create semiconductor devices. Such crystals are made by introducing impurities with atoms of a pentavalent or trivalent chemical element.
Slide 19
Electronic semiconductors (n-type) The term "n-type" is derived from the word "negative", which refers to the negative charge of the majority carriers. An impurity of a pentavalent semiconductor (for example, arsenic) is added to a tetravalent semiconductor (for example, silicon). During the interaction, each impurity atom enters into a covalent bond with silicon atoms. However, there is no place for the fifth electron of the arsenic atom in saturated valence bonds, and it breaks off and turns into a free one. In this case, charge transfer is carried out by an electron, not a hole, that is, this type of semiconductor conducts electric current like metals. Impurities that are added to semiconductors, as a result of which they turn into n-type semiconductors, are called donor impurities.
Slide 20
Hole semiconductors (p-type) The term "p-type" comes from the word "positive", denoting the positive charge of the majority carriers. This type of semiconductors, in addition to the impurity base, is characterized by the hole nature of conductivity. A small amount of atoms of a trivalent element (for example, indium) is added to a tetravalent semiconductor (for example, silicon). Each impurity atom establishes a covalent bond with three neighboring silicon atoms. To establish a bond with the fourth silicon atom, the indium atom does not have a valence electron, so it captures a valence electron from a covalent bond between neighboring silicon atoms and becomes a negatively charged ion, as a result of which a hole is formed. The impurities that are added in this case are called acceptor impurities.
slide 21
slide 22
The physical properties of semiconductors are the most studied in comparison with metals and dielectrics. To a large extent, this is facilitated by a huge number of effects that cannot be observed in either substance, primarily related to the band structure of semiconductors and the presence of a fairly narrow band gap. Semiconductor compounds are divided into several types: simple semiconductor materials - the actual chemical elements: boron B, carbon C, germanium Ge, silicon Si, selenium Se, sulfur S, antimony Sb, tellurium Te and iodine I. Germanium, silicon and selenium. The rest are most often used as dopants or as components of complex semiconductor materials. The group of complex semiconductor materials includes chemical compounds that have semiconductor properties and include two, three or more chemical elements. Of course, the main stimulus for the study of semiconductors is the production of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits.
slide 23
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CONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRIC IN ELECTRIC FIELD
Basic course
- Conductors are substances in which there are free electric charges that can move under the influence of an arbitrarily weak electric field.
CONDUCTORS
IONIZED
GASES
METALS
ELECTROLYTES
Electrostatic protection- a phenomenon according to which it is possible to shield the electric field by "hiding" from it inside a closed shell of an electrically conductive material (for example, metal).
Electrostatic protection.
The phenomenon was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1836. He noticed that an external electric field cannot get inside a grounded metal cage. Principle of operation Faraday cages is that under the action of an external electric field, free electrons in the metal begin to move and create a charge on the surface of the cell, which completely compensates for this external field.
Dielectrics (or insulators) are substances that conduct electricity relatively poorly (compared to conductors).
- In dielectrics, all electrons are bound, that is, they belong to individual atoms, and the electric field does not tear them off, but only slightly displaces them, that is, polarizes them. Therefore, an electric field can exist inside the dielectric, the dielectric has a certain effect on the electric field
Dielectrics are divided into polar and non-polar .
Polar dielectrics
consist of molecules in which the centers of distribution of positive and negative charges do not coincide. Such molecules can be represented as two identical in modulus opposite point charges located at some distance from each other, called dipole .
Non-polar dielectrics
consist of atoms and molecules in which the centers of distribution of positive and negative charges coincide.
Polarization of polar dielectrics.
- The placement of a polar dielectric in an electrostatic field (for example, between two charged plates) leads to a turn and displacement of previously randomly oriented dipoles along the field.
The reversal occurs under the action of a pair of forces applied from the side of the field to two charges of the dipole.
The displacement of dipoles is called polarization. However, only partial polarization occurs due to thermal motion. Inside the dielectric, the positive and negative charges of the dipoles compensate each other, and a bound charge appears on the surface of the dielectric: negative on the side of the positively charged plate, and vice versa.
Polarization of non-polar dielectrics
A nonpolar dielectric in an electric field also polarizes. Under the influence of an electric field, positive and negative charges in a molecule are shifted in opposite directions, so that the centers of charge distribution are shifted, as in polar molecules. The axis of the dipole induced by the field is oriented along the field. Bound charges appear on the dielectric surfaces adjacent to the charged plates.
A polarized dielectric itself creates an electric field.
This field weakens the external electric field inside the dielectric
The degree of this attenuation depends on the properties of the dielectric.
The decrease in the strength of the electrostatic field in matter compared to the field in vacuum is characterized by the relative permittivity of the medium.
Conductors in an electric field
Dielectrics in an electric field
1. There are free electrons
1. There are no free charge carriers.
2.electrons are collected on the surface of the conductor
2. In an electric field, molecules and atoms turn so that on the one hand, an excess positive charge appears in the dielectric, and on the other, a negative charge
3. There is no electric field inside the conductor
3. The electric field inside the conductor weakens by ε times.
4. The conductor can be divided into 2 parts in an electric field, and each part will be charged with different signs.
4. Dielectric can be divided into 2 parts in an electric field, but each of them will be uncharged
Control questions
1 . What substances are called conductors?
2 What electric charges are called free?
3. What particles are carriers of free charges in metals?
4. What happens in a metal placed in an electric field?
5. How is the dawn communicated to him distributed over the conductor d?
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
6. If a conductor in an electric field is divided into two parts, how will these parts be charged?
7. On what principle is electrostatic protection based?
8. What substances are called dielectrics?
9. What are dielectrics? What is the difference?
10. Explain the behavior of a dipole in an external electric field.
11. How dielectric polarization occurs.
12. If a dielectric placed in an electric field is divided in half, what will be the charge of each part?
13. A negatively charged cloud passes over the lightning rod. Explain on the basis of electronic concepts why a charge arises on the tip of a lightning rod. What is his sign?
Conductors and dielectrics
Slides: 8 Words: 168 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Electric field in matter. Any medium weakens the strength of the electric field. The electrical characteristics of a medium are determined by the mobility of charged particles in it. Substances, conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics. Substances. Free charges are charged particles of the same sign that can move under the influence of an electric field. Bound charges are unlike charges that cannot move under the action of an electric field independently of each other. Conductors. Conductors are substances in which free charges can move throughout the volume. Conductors - metals, solutions of salts, acids, moist air, plasma, human body. - Explorer.ppt
Conductors in an electric field
Slides: 10 Words: 282 Sounds: 1 Effects: 208conductors in an electric field. There is no electric field in other conductors. Let's consider an electric field inside a metal conductor…… Dielectrics. In nonpolar dielectrics, the center of positive and negative charge is the same. In an electric field, any dielectric becomes polar. Dipole. Polarization of dielectrics. - Conductors in an electric field.ppt
Conductors in an electrostatic field
Slides: 11 Words: 347 Sounds: 0 Effects: 18Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field. Conductors in an electrostatic field Dielectrics in an electrostatic field. - Metals; liquid solutions and melts of electrolytes; plasma. Conductors include: Conductors in an electrostatic field. Evnesh. The inner field will weaken the outer one. Evt. There is no field inside a conductor placed in an electrostatic field. Electrostatic properties of homogeneous metallic conductors. Dielectrics. Polar. Nonpolar. Dielectrics include air, glass, ebonite, mica, porcelain, dry wood. Dielectrics in an electrostatic field. - Conductors in an electrostatic field.ppt
Conductors and dielectrics
Slides: 18 Words: 507 Sounds: 0 Effects: 206Electric field. Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field. Conductors and dielectrics. Conductive substances. last electron. The structure of metals. Metal conductor. Metal conductor in an electrostatic field. The structure of the dielectric. The structure of a polar dielectric. Dielectric in an electric field. Dielectric permittivity of the medium. Coulomb's law. Microwave. Microwave. How microwaves heat food. Power. - Conductors and dielectrics.ppt
Conductors in an electric field Dielectrics in an electric field
Slides: 18 Words: 624 Sounds: 1 Effects: 145Topic: "Conductors and dielectrics in an electric field." Conductors. charge inside a conductor. According to the principle of superposition of fields, the tension inside the conductor is zero. conductive sphere. Take an arbitrary point A. The charges of the sites are equal. electrostatic induction. equipotential surfaces. The most famous electric fish are. Electric Stingray. Electric eel. Dielectrics. Dielectrics are materials in which there are no free electric charges. There are three types of dielectrics: polar, non-polar and ferroelectric. - Conductors in an electric field Dielectrics in an electric field.ppt
Electric field in dielectrics
Slides: 31 Words: 2090 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Dielectrics do not conduct electricity under normal conditions. The term "dielectrics" was introduced by Faraday. A dielectric, like any substance, consists of atoms and molecules. Dielectric molecules are electrically neutral. Polarization. Field strength in a dielectric. Under the action of the field, the dielectric is polarized. The resulting field inside the dielectric. Field. electrical displacement. The external field is created by a system of free electric charges. Gauss's theorem for a field in a dielectric. Gauss's theorem for an electrostatic field in a dielectric. The properties of ferroelectrics strongly depend on temperature. - Dielectric.ppt
Polarization of dielectrics
Slides: 20 Words: 1598 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Polarization of dielectrics. Relative permittivity. Polarization vector. Mechanisms of polarization. spontaneous polarization. migratory polarization. Types of elastic polarization. Ionic elastic polarization. Dipole elastic polarization. Types of thermal polarization. Dipole thermal polarization. Electronic thermal polarization. The dielectric constant. Ferroelectrics. Piezoelectrics. Piezoelectric effects are observed only in crystals that do not have a center of symmetry. Pyroelectrics. Pyroelectrics exhibit spontaneous polarization along the polar axis. Photopolarization. -
slide presentation
Slide text: Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field Mezhetsky Artyom 10 "B" Completed by: Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 30 of the city of Belovo" Head: Popova Irina Aleksandrovna Belovo 2011
Slide text: Plan: 1. Conductors and dielectrics. 2. Conductors in an electrostatic field. 3. Dielectrics in an electrostatic field. Two types of dielectrics. 4. Dielectric constant.
Slide text: conductive substances conductors are substances that conduct electric current there are free charges dielectrics are substances that do not conduct electric current there are no free charges
Slide text: The structure of metals + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - -
Slide text: Metal conductor in an electrostatic field + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + Evt. Evt. Evt.= Etn. -
Slide text: Metal conductor in an electrostatic field E ext.= E int. Etot=0 CONCLUSION: There is no electric field inside the conductor. The entire static charge of a conductor is concentrated on its surface.
Slide text: The structure of the dielectric The structure of the sodium chloride NaCl molecule is an electric dipole - a set of two point charges that are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. NaCl - - - - - - - - + - + -
Slide text: Types of dielectrics Polar Consist of molecules that do not have the same distribution centers of positive and negative charges table salt, alcohols, water, etc. Non-polar Consist of molecules that have the same centers of distribution of positive and negative charges. inert gases, O2, H2, benzene, polyethylene, etc.
Slide text: The structure of a polar dielectric + - + - + - + - + - + -
Slide #10
Slide text: Dielectric in an electric field + - + + + + + + + - E ext. E int. + - + - + - + - E int.< Е внеш. ВЫВОД: ДИЭЛЕКТРИК ОСЛАБЛЯЕТ ВНЕШНЕЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛЕ
Slide #11
Slide text: The dielectric constant of the medium is a characteristic of the electrical properties of the dielectric E Eo - the electric field strength in vacuum - the electric field strength in the dielectric - the dielectric constant of the medium = Eo E
Slide #12
Slide text: Dielectric constant of substances substance Dielectric constant of medium water 81 kerosene 2.1 oil 2.5 paraffin 2.1 mica 6 glass 7
Slide #13
Slide text: Coulomb's Law: The strength of the electric field created by a point charge: q1 q2 r 2 q r 2
Slide #14
Slide text: Task
Slide #15
Slide text: Problem solving
Slide #16
Slide text: Problem solving
Slide #17
Slide text: Problem solving
Slide #18
Slide text: Test No. 1: A positively charged body is brought to three contacting plates A, B, C. Plates B, C are a conductor, and A is a dielectric. What charges will be on the plates after plate B has been completely pulled out? Answer options
Slide #19
Slide text: No. 2: A charged metal ball is successively immersed in two dielectric liquids (1< 2). Какой из нижеприведенных графиков наиболее точно отражает зависимость потенциала поля от расстояния, отсчитываемого от центра шара?
Slide #20
Slide text: No. 3: When the space between the plates of a flat capacitor was completely filled with a dielectric, the field strength inside the capacitor changed 9 times. How many times has the capacitance of the capacitor changed? A) It has tripled. B) Decreased by 3 times. C) Increased 9 times. D) Decreased by 9 times. E) Hasn't changed.
Slide #21
Slide text: #4: A positive charge was placed in the center of a thick-walled, uncharged metal sphere. Which of the following figures corresponds to the distribution pattern of the lines of force of the electrostatic field?
Slide #22
Slide text: No. 5: Which of the following figures corresponds to the distribution pattern of field lines for a positive charge and a grounded metal plane?
Slide #23
Slide text: Literature used Kasyanov, V.A. Physics, grade 10 [Text]: textbook for secondary schools / V.A. Kasyanov. - LLC "Drofa", 2004. - 116 p. Kabardin O.F., Orlov V.A., Evenchik E.E., Shamash S.Ya., Pinsky A.A., Kabardina S.I., Dick Yu.I., Nikiforov G.G., Shefer N .AND. "Physics. Grade 10”, “Enlightenment”, 2007
Slide #24
Slide text: Everything =)
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