The effect of alcohol on the body. The effect of alcohol on the human body

Content

The use of alcoholic beverages in large doses has a negative impact on health, as a rule, the pathophysiological effect of alcohol on the human body is due to its strength and numerous harmful impurities. With regular drinking of alcoholic beverages, alcoholism develops. This mental illness greatly worsens health, while the ability to work and moral values ​​​​of a person fall.

What is alcohol

The modern market in our country is replete with a variety of alcoholic beverages, which differ in strength, manufacturer and composition. As a rule, the effect of alcohol on the human body is always negative, because when it gets inside, it quickly spreads through the blood to all organs, often causing their destruction. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH is a toxin, when taken, the liver tries to neutralize it. This volatile transparent liquid, which has a characteristic odor, pungent taste, is perfectly diluted with water.

This yeast fermentation product can be produced chemically. It burns well, is highly flammable, and is used as a technical brake fluid, as a solvent or fuel. Often a disease such as alcoholism is hereditary, if both parents drank in the family, and they were not given proper treatment, then their child may also become an alcoholic in the future.

How alcohol affects the human body

People who love strong drinks are often interested in the question of how alcohol affects the human body? Ethanol, as a rule, is concentrated in the brain and liver, it is quickly able to kill the cells of these organs. In addition, alcohol is a mutagen. As a rule, in an adult body, mutant cells are eliminated by the immune system, but if it fails, then people with alcoholism develop cancer of the stomach, mouth, liver, and esophagus. Alcohol also affects

in the following way:

• disrupts the development of the fetus. The brain often suffers, the heart of the child is affected, and underdevelopment of the limbs occurs.
• Activates GABA amino acid receptors, the main inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system. As a result, the excitability of cells decreases.
• The high content of ethanol enhances the synthesis of endorphins and dopamine. The patient is euphoric.
• Violates the metabolism in the body. This factor provokes the development of a psychological syndrome.
• toxic action. As a rule, it is determined by an increase in heart rate, lack of air, a violation of the heart.
• The systematic use of strong drinks provokes fatty degeneration and inflammation of the liver. Hepatocytes are destroyed, cirrhosis occurs.
• Provokes alcoholic encephalopathy. The disease begins with mental disorders with static or monotonous visual illusions and hallucinations.

lethal dose

The harmful effect of alcohol on human health is impossible only when a man or woman does not drink strong drinks at all. Everyone else, as a rule, experiences the harmful effects of drinking ethyl alcohol. Only in small doses, alcohol is good for the body, but if you drink a little too much, then there will be more harm than good. Each person has their own lethal dose of alcohol. For a 70 kg man who does not drink, this is:

• 750 ml of vodka drunk in five hours;
• 300 ml of pure alcohol drunk for five hours.

For women it is:

• 450 ml of vodka drunk in five hours.

If a person constantly drinks alcohol, he can die from 3 bottles of vodka or 600 ml of pure alcohol, drunk in 5 hours or less. Normal blood can contain 0.4 ppm (‰) and this is an acceptable level. When the concentration of alcohol is more than 3.8 ppm, paralysis of the respiratory tract can occur, as a result of which a person dies. Death is still possible when the concentration reaches 2.2-3.2‰.

What does alcohol affect

Often people are interested in the question of which organs are affected by alcohol? Based on research, doctors claim that it negatively affects the entire body, but to varying degrees. The basis of alcoholic beverages is ethanol - a compound that has a toxic effect. When it penetrates into the body as part of vodka, beer, wine or another drink, it is quickly absorbed from the intestines. Further, ethanol is distributed to all internal organs. At the same time, alcohol has a devastating effect on the heart, brain, stomach and reproductive system.

to the respiratory system

We know that breathing is life. When alcohol affects the lungs and bronchi, the work of the lung tissue is disrupted, which leads to a failure of the entire respiratory system. The mucous membranes dry out, the body's immunity weakens, and there is a high risk of tuberculosis. The first sign of its appearance is a strong cough, which can occur on the second day after excessive drinking. In addition, the negative effect of alcohol on the respiratory system can cause the following diseases:

• emphysema;
• tracheobronchitis;
• Chronical bronchitis.

On the stomach

Alcoholic drinks have a detrimental effect on the cells of the digestive organs, destroying them, causing burns, resulting in tissue necrosis. In this case, the pancreas atrophies, and the cells that produce insulin die. This contributes to the fact that the flow of absorption of beneficial nutrients is disturbed, inhibition of the release of enzymes occurs, food stagnation forms in the intestines and stomach. As a rule, the negative effect of alcohol on the stomach can cause:

• diabetes;
• chronic stage of pancreatitis;
• gastritis;
• stomach cancer;
• severe pain in the abdomen.

to the reproductive system

Strong drinks are considered especially dangerous for girls and women, because their dependence on alcohol occurs quickly. Girls suffering from alcoholism are prone to damage to the ovaries, because of this, menstruation is eventually disturbed. Representatives of the strong half of humanity also suffer from excessive consumption of strong drinks. The harmful effect of alcohol on the male reproductive system is expressed in a decrease in sexual desire, the development of impotence and infertility. Drunkenness still provokes testicular atrophy, leads to the birth of an unhealthy child.

on the human cardiovascular system

Alcoholic drinks provoke the destruction of blood cells - red blood cells. This causes deformation of the red cells, while they do not transfer the necessary amount of oxygen from the lungs to other tissues. In addition, the regulation of sugar is disturbed, which causes irreversible consequences: improper brain function, diabetes mellitus, problems with blood vessels. The influence of alcohol on the human cardiovascular system has negative consequences. This may be evidenced by such diseases:

• high blood pressure;
• atherosclerosis;
• arrhythmia;
• ischemic heart disease.

How alcohol affects the brain

The central nervous system and the brain are more likely than others to suffer from ethyl alcohol. The concentration of alcohol in such organs after consumption becomes higher than in the whole body. Alcohol is toxic to brain tissue, so you can often experience a state of intoxication after drinking strong drinks. Alcohol can provoke the destruction, numbness and death of the cerebral cortex. Negative effects of how alcohol affects the brain:

• endocrine functions are disturbed;
• brain centers that regulate vascular tone are affected;
• the reaction of vegetative origin changes;
• there are problems with the psyche, memory, mental development.

Effects on the skin and muscles

Chronic use of strong drinks often provokes weakening and wasting of muscles. In addition, 50% of alcoholics develop skin diseases, because the immune system is only half working, it cannot cope with various viruses. The liver also does not cleanse the body at full strength, so ulcers, boils, allergic rashes and acne begin to appear on the surface of the skin. Alcohol's effect on the skin and muscle condition is manifested in the following:

• dehydration occurs.
• testosterone decreases;
• increased estrogen;
• muscle mass decreases;
• muscles weaken, atrophy, lose their tone;
• reduced protein synthesis;
• there is a deficiency of minerals (phosphorus, calcium, zinc) and vitamins (A, B and C);
• there is an uncontrolled replenishment of the body with calories.

The positive effect of alcohol on the human body

Few people believe that the effect of ethyl alcohol on the human body can be positive. Indeed, in a small dosage, ethanol is useful for humans. For example, red wine contains trace elements and antioxidants that the body needs. At the same time, you should drink no more than three glasses a week. In addition, red wine removes waste and toxins, normalizes metabolism, and is an excellent prophylactic against atherosclerosis. Based on the drink, a positive effect can be distinguished:

• champagne can be taken in small doses for a weak heart;
• mulled wine supports the body with bronchitis, colds, pneumonia, flu;
• vodka can lower cholesterol;
• beer slows down the aging process, reduces the risk of heart disease.

But what dose of alcohol is good for a person? Doctors recommend that men drink no more than 20 grams of pure alcohol, and women - 10 grams. As a rule, this amount is contained in 100 grams of wine, 30 grams of vodka and 300 ml of beer. Taking one spoonful of alcohol twice a week can serve as a mobilizer for the body, i.e., the effect of hormesis occurs. This method helps a person shake himself quickly. It is strictly forbidden to give strong drinks to a child. If alcohol accidentally enters the child's body, an urgent flush should be done and a doctor should be called.

Video: The effect of alcohol

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Alcohol is the most dangerous drug of all. Scientists came to this conclusion after evaluating the harm that ethyl alcohol causes to the body. This takes into account the influence of alcohol not only on the drinker, but also on others. The amount of drinks consumed is also of great importance. So, alcohol took first place among other drugs.

Can alcohol be helpful?

There is an opinion that small doses of alcohol can be beneficial for a person. Ethanol is one of the substances necessary for the normal functioning of the body. But for this, its own physiological processes of its production as a result of metabolism are provided.

Remember that the breakdown products of ethanol are concentrated in the brain, not in the blood. Their positive effect is associated with the nervous system:

• alcohol relieves stress, calms, reduces the excitability of nerve cells;
• alcohol improves mood, causes euphoria.

Pseudo-positive effects do not last long and are always associated with the risk of addiction. Despite this, studies are constantly published confirming the benefits of moderate doses of alcohol for organs and systems. Of course, such data should not be taken as a call to action. However, they contribute to the formation of the illusion of the safety of drinking alcohol.

How alcohol works

The effect of alcohol on the body can be clearly considered harmful. With an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed, it is impossible to protect the internal organs and brain from damage. Inevitably, there comes a point when there is no longer any hope of getting rid of an addiction on your own.

So, what is the harmful effect of alcohol?

• Cell poisoning. Alcohol is a poison that kills all living things. That is why it is used as an antibacterial agent for tissue damage. The main concentration of ethanol is observed in the liver and brain. For cell death, men need more than 20 ml of alcohol, women - more than 10 ml.
• mutagenic effect. The human immune system is set up to destroy all foreign cells. Alcohol causes mutation in tissues. This leads to cancer, as the immune system can not cope with the load.
• Sexual dysfunction. In men, spermatozoa are formed within 75 days. To avoid the appearance of mutagens in children, he needs to refrain from drinking alcohol for 2.5 months before conception. For women, things are much more difficult. Eggs are present in the body from birth, so all mutations are stored in them at the genetic level and can manifest themselves in offspring.
• Violation of the development of the fetus. This fact is not associated with mutation, but with the incorrect functioning of the systems. Most often, the brain and limbs are affected.
• Alcohol is a drug. Concentrated in the brain, it affects the work of two groups of neurotransmitters. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors begin to work in an enhanced mode. These cells are responsible for the inhibitory responses of the nervous system. The person calms down. Endorphins and dopamine begin to be produced in a larger volume, which leads to a state of euphoria.

The effect of alcohol on the brain

To a greater extent, the effect of alcohol extends to the brain. This organ is the main consumer of energy, it involves all other organs and receptors, and affects the functioning of systems as a whole. The negative effect of alcohol on the brain is based on the cessation of oxygen supply to neurons due to alcohol intoxication. Cells die, a person gradually becomes feeble-minded.

Intensive alcohol consumption has irreversible effects:

• decrease in brain functions;
• damage to the cells of the cerebral cortex.

All this invariably affects the intellectual abilities, and also explains the change in behavior, addictions and hobbies of alcoholics.

The effect of alcohol on other organs and systems

• Heart and blood vessels. Diseases of these organs occupy the first place among other disorders caused by the use of alcohol. The action of alcohol destroys the heart muscle, leading to serious consequences up to death. Alcohol abuse leads to the development of hypertension, coronary disease, causes heart attacks. People with relatively little alcohol "experience" often have an increase in heart and heart rhythm disturbances.
• System of external respiration. The effect of alcohol is manifested in the violation of the normal rhythm, the alternation of inhalations and exhalations. The result is serious disruption. Breathing becomes more frequent, as alcoholism develops, deterioration occurs. Against the background of such a disorder, diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema, tracheobronchitis, and tuberculosis occur. When combined with smoking, alcohol has a deadly effect on the respiratory system.
• GIT. The mucous membrane of the stomach is the first to take a hit from the systematic use of alcohol. Studies reveal gastritis, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the duodenum. The action of alcohol damages the salivary glands. With the progression of the disease, other tissue lesions are observed.
• The liver occupies a special place among the digestive organs. Its functions include the neutralization of toxic substances, the removal of toxins. The liver is involved in the metabolism of almost all incoming elements - proteins, fats, carbohydrates and even water. Under the influence of alcohol, the body loses the ability to perform its functions normally. cirrhosis develops.
• Kidneys. Almost all alcoholics suffer from impaired excretory function of this organ. Alcohol disrupts the work of the adrenal glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. This leads to improper regulation of renal activity. The epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the organs and protect them from damage die. This inevitably ends with serious pathological diseases.
• Psyche. Under the influence of alcohol, a wide variety of deviations develop - hallucinations, convulsive phenomena, numbness in the limbs, severe weakness, muscle dysfunction. Often there is paralysis, which disappears during the period of abstinence from alcohol.
• Immunity. The process of hematopoiesis is disturbed due to the systematic use of alcoholic beverages, the production of lymphocytes decreases, and allergies appear.
• reproductive system. Sexual dysfunction is an indispensable companion of alcoholism. In men, against the background of impaired reproductive ability, neuroses and depression develop. Women suffer from the impossibility of conception, frequent toxicosis during pregnancy, early cessation of menstruation.

In addition to the above, the effect of alcohol depletes the muscles and worsens the condition of the skin. In patients, delirium tremens is observed, life expectancy and its quality are reduced.

Risk to future children

The negative effect of alcohol on fetal development has been known since ancient Greece. Then the first attempts were made to limit the addiction. Today, scientists have unequivocally proven that chronic alcoholics are practically unable to conceive healthy offspring.

The problem is complicated by the fact that genetic coding due to illness of the parents is almost impossible to correct by pharmacological means. As a result, risks for offspring increase:

• mental retardation is manifested in most cases;
• physical deformity is often the result of chronic alcoholism in parents;
• in 94% of cases, even healthy children subsequently become drunkards themselves.

Of course, the question of the birth of healthy offspring is made up of many factors. But the danger of conceiving a sick child is too high. Even in almost healthy people who are prone to drinking alcohol, children with disabilities can be born. Especially if conception occurs at the time of intoxication.

A number of studies by European scientists were aimed at assessing the degradation of several generations of alcoholics in one family. The results of the observations were disappointing facts:

• the first generation of chronic alcoholics showed moral depravity, excessive drinking;
• the second generation suffered from alcoholism in the full sense of the word;
• in the third generation there appeared hypochondriacs, melancholics, and homicidal persons;
• the fourth generation became an indicator of the decline and cessation of the race (infertility, idiocy, mental inferiority).

Not only the effect of alcohol at the genetic level plays a role, but also the unfavorable environment in which children are brought up. Social factors are no less significant. Children are in a state of constant stress, they have learning difficulties. As a result, the child develops psychological disorders that lead to aggressiveness or isolation.

How to stop drinking alcohol?

The effect of alcohol on the body destroys a person. Not only the drinkers themselves suffer from the disease, but also the people around them, especially children. How to stop destroying yourself and find the strength to fight the disease?

Allen Carr's book The Easy Way to Quit Drinking will help you break free from addiction. The bestseller is specially created for people who have decided to change their lives and get rid of the harmful effects of alcohol. The book will help to realize the need for change and show the way back to normal life.

Mottolesson:

Lesson Objectives:

Cognitive: In a research way to prove the detrimental effect of alcohol on the proteins of living organisms, to expand students' knowledge about the causes and consequences of the negative effects of alcohol on the human body.

Developing: to continue the development of general educational skills in the performance of laboratory work; analysis of information, its generalization, conducting an experiment in compliance with safety regulations; the ability to observe, draw conclusions, establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Educational: to form a negative attitude towards alcoholism as a social phenomenon; lead students to a conscious refusal of alcohol, based on knowledge of its harmful effects.

Formation of key competencies:

value-semantic- to see and understand the world around from the position of chemistry, to choose the target and semantic settings for their actions and deeds, to lead a healthy lifestyle;

communicative- to know the chemical language, to be able to work in a group;

educational and educational- independently set goals, acquire knowledge based on observations, analysis, generalization of the results of the experiment, conduct a reflection of their own activities, evaluate their work;

informational- search, analyze, select the necessary information, transform its homework.

Lesson type: integrated lesson-research in the study of new material.

Methods:

learning - dialogic;

teaching - illustrative and stimulating;

exercises - partially exploratory, experimental.

Equipment:

multimedia projector with screen;

presentation for the lesson (Presentation);

computer.

For students (for each table):

instructional map for conducting a chemistry lesson ( );

6 test tubes;

spirit lamp;

Reagents: ethyl alcohol solution; water; egg white solution; vegetable oil; copper wire.

During the classes

Organizational. Greeting students. Check readiness for the lesson.

Orientation-motivational.

The topic of our today's lesson will be prompted by the objects that you see on your tables. Among them - medicines, household chemicals, cosmetics.

Slide number 1-4. What do you think unites them?

Suggested student responses: Availability alcohol as part of the proposed perfumes and cosmetics, medicines, household chemicals, we are offered substances and materials that can be obtained using alcohols.

Today we will get acquainted with the toxic effects of ethanol on the human body, consider the mechanism of action of alcohol on cells, organs, and systems of the human body, and identify the causes of ethyl alcohol toxicity.

Introduction by the teacher. - Since ancient times, a large number of toxic substances have been known to man, all of them differ in the strength of their effect on the body. Among them, a substance stands out, which is known in medicine as a strong protoplasmic poison - this is ethyl alcohol. Is ethyl alcohol a poison or not? What is meant by the word "poison".

Slide number 5. "Poison that takes longer to act does not become less dangerous."

Let's turn to the epigraph of our lesson. "Poison that takes longer to act does not become less dangerous."

Slide number 6. That's right, the topic of our lesson is "Ethyl alcohol and its effect on the human body."

Today in the lesson we will look at the effects of ethyl alcohol on the human body, talk about the dangers of alcohol.

You have instructional cards on your desks, in which you will work today, and, of course, your work will be appreciated. So now write down your last name and class ( students fill in the heading of the instruction card).

Slide number 7. Today in class you:

explore the properties of ethanol;

you will acquire knowledge based on observations, analysis and generalization of the results of the experiment;

you will learn about the detrimental effect of ethanol on the human body;

You will be pleasantly surprised: it turns out that you already know so much!

What associations do you have with the word "alcohol"?

Remember the positive and negative role of alcohols:

The positive role of alcohols

The negative role of alcohols

slide number 8, As a rule, in the negative role of alcohols, students indicate the disease alcoholism and the antisocial behavior of people associated with it.

Alcohol is used not only for the manufacture of alcoholic beverages. In medicine, alcohol is used as a disinfectant, an agent for compresses, for the preparation of extracts and tinctures, a solvent for many drugs.

In perfumery, it is the basis of cologne, eau de toilette, lotions and perfumes.

The most important problem today is the search for alternative energy sources. The use of alcohol as a motor fuel seems attractive. This is both environmental cleanliness and oil savings. In some countries of Europe, South America and Africa, “gasohol” is poured into car tanks - a mixture of gasoline with 10-12% alcohol. Due to the high octane number of this product, there is no need for ethylation with tetraethyl lead, a very toxic substance for nature.

Butadiene is obtained from alcohol, which is used in the production of synthetic rubber. Our Voronezh synthetic rubber plant uses ready-made butadiene, which is supplied from other enterprises in Russia and Belarus.

In addition, ethers and esters, dyes, and plastics are obtained from alcohol. For example, a medical ether, as shown by an expert chemist.

Slide number 9. Ethanol is used in optics and electronics as a drying and washing agent, in biology as a preservative. Finally, alcohol thermometers would not be possible without it.

Slide number 10. A table about the role of alcohols in human life and the words of the famous alchemist and physician Paracelsus are projected on the screen: "Everything is a poison, Everything is a medicine, It's all about the dose."

Slide number 11-18. Introductory word. Death statistics from alcohol.

Alcohol abuse, according to researchers, leads to high mortality, especially among men. In particular, in Siberia, alcohol mortality is 22% of the total level, in the Central Federal District - about 12%. Experts believe that the total number of alcoholics in our country is about 7 million. For every chronic alcoholic, there are 3-4 people who abuse alcohol. In recent years, in Russia, the death rate from alcoholism among men has increased by 2.5 times, among women - by 3 times. In Russia, men live 18 years less than in the US, and 12 years less than in Europe. This is related to the amount of alcohol consumed per capita. (diagram on slide).

In order for a substance not to become a poison, a person must know everything about it and skillfully use it. Therefore, today our main task in the lesson is to study the properties of ethanol and its effect on human health. We will begin our acquaintance with it with physical properties.

Slide number 19-20. History reference

Studies show that the ancient Chinese, Egyptians, Hindus, Greeks and other peoples already had alcoholic beverages. In ancient Greece and ancient Rome, festivities called bacchanalia were held in honor of the grape harvest. They were accompanied by the most unbridled revelry and drunken orgies. The first bottle of vodka was obtained by distilling wine by the Arab alchemist Rabez in 860.

However, humanity soon began to understand the detrimental consequences of drunkenness. Some Chinese emperors executed drunkards. In ancient India, those convicted of drunkenness were forced to drink boiling wine or urine. In Rome, plebeians found drunk were turned into slaves. And in ancient Sparta, slaves were soldered and shown to young Spartans in order to arouse their aversion to drinking.

In the 15th century, Europe received the technology for making strong alcoholic beverages with a strength of up to 40-50 degrees, it was discovered by the Italian alchemist-monk Valentinus. Drunkenness is spreading rapidly throughout Europe. Widely indulged in drunkenness and the nobility, and chivalry. An old English proverb said: "Drunk like a lord."

In ancient times, Russians also used intoxicating drinks, such as honey or mash, their strength was not higher than 5-10 degrees, and they drank only on holidays. Ivan the Terrible in 1552 arranges the first large tavern - only for guardsmen. Income from vodka replenished the state treasury.

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich (1613-1645) destroyed all taverns and established drinking houses where wine was sold only in small doses. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676.) again gave at the mercy of strong drinks and ordered to start taverns in all cities one at a time. Until the time of Peter I, noble people spent their time drinking, which was not considered a vice.

Under Peter I, drunkards were imprisoned and a medal weighing 17 pounds was hung on their chests with the inscription "For drunkenness."

We study the physical properties of ethanol by conducting laboratory experiments.

You will write your observations and conclusions in the instructive map.

Slide number 21. Conducted safety briefing:

Substances for conducting experiments must be taken in such quantity as indicated in the instructions.

Light the spirit lamp only with a match, do not tilt the spirit lamp to another burning spirit lamp.

Place the object to be heated in the upper third of the flame.

To extinguish the flame of the spirit lamp, it should be closed with a cap.

Slide number 22.

1 EXPERIENCE. Solubility of ethyl alcohol in water.

Target: study the physical properties of ethyl alcohol.

Experience progress: Pour 1 ml of water and the same amount of alcohol into a test tube. The students are experimenting.

Slide number 23.

2 EXPERIENCE. Ethyl alcohol is a fat solvent.

Purpose: in find out if ethanol dissolves fats.

Experience progress: Pour 1 ml of water into 1 test tube, 1 ml of ethanol into the second test tube, add 1-2 drops of vegetable fat to each. Shake the tubes.

The guys make a conclusion about the solubility of alcohol. The data is recorded in a table.

State of aggregation

Solubility in water

Solubility in fats

colorless

characteristic odor

miscible with water in any ratio

Dissolve fats

Conclusion: because alcohol is highly soluble in fats, the rate of passage of alcohol molecules is greater than the rate of passage of water, therefore, ethyl alcohol is absorbed into the blood quickly.

slide number 24 THE PATH OF ALCOHOL IN THE HUMAN BODY

slide number 25 What alcohol does to our body

Slide number 26-27. The alcohol molecule approaches the fat molecule, interacts with it and knocks out the cell membrane. The cell is damaged. It is as a result of this alcoholic damage to the cell that anything can get inside it: "bad ecology", chemistry, slags. Other molecules can “pull” inside the damaged cell through the wound inflicted by the alcohol molecule. And inside the cell - the nucleus, chromosomes. Ultimately, alcohol can completely kill this cell.

Slide number 28-29. Alcohol is poisonous: 6-8 g of alcohol per 1 kg of adult weight is a lethal dose. And what is the lethal dose of alcohol for you, let's solve the problem.

However, this dose may vary depending on the sensitivity to ethyl alcohol, the conditions of its intake (the strength of drinks, the fullness of the stomach with food), etc. In some individuals, death may occur after taking 100-150 g of pure ethyl alcohol, while in others, death does not occur after taking 600-800 g of this substance.

The lethal dose of alcohol for a person is 7 g per 1 kg of body weight. If a person weighs 70 kg, then this is about 500 g of pure alcohol, for children - 3 g per 1 kg of body weight, for adolescents - 4-5 g per 1 kg of body weight (about 0.5 l of vodka).

For a child, a glass of vodka is fatal (1.5-2 g per 1 kg of body weight).

Slide number 30. Penetrating into the body, alcohol greedily absorbs water from tissues, negatively affects the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, the renal and hepatic epithelium, causing irritation and inflammation. Alcohol also leads to peptic ulcers and enlargement of the stomach.

Slide number 31. The following experiment will help us learn about the effect of alcohol on protein molecules.

3 EXPERIENCE. "The effect of ethanol on protein molecules».

Target: find out how alcohol affects the structure and properties of proteins.

Experience progress: Pour 1 ml of egg white into two test tubes. Add 3 ml of water to one, and the same amount of alcohol 80 - 90% to the other.

Observation and output: In the first test tube, the protein dissolves, as it is a highly soluble protein and is well absorbed by the body. A dense white precipitate forms in the second test tube - proteins do not dissolve in alcohol, alcohol takes away water from proteins. As a result, the structure and properties of the protein, its functions are violated.

Question for students: What happens to the cells of the body when a high concentration of alcohol enters?

Answer. Ethyl alcohol molecules can freely cross biological membranes due to their small size, weak polarization, the formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules, and the good solubility of alcohol in fats. Proteins of the cell begin to break down, which leads to disruption of the work of all cells of the organs. (Students write their own observations and conclusions.)

slide number 32. And since a living organism consists of proteins, we can draw the following conclusions:

a) The effect of alcohol on cell membranes - destruction.

b) The effect of alcohol on enzymes (destruction)

c) Contact of alcohol with red blood cells causes clotting of blood cells.

d) Why does alcohol have a disinfectant property?

slide number 33.

Burning the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, it enters the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike many other substances, alcohol is quickly and completely absorbed in the stomach. Easily overcoming biological membranes, in about an hour it reaches its maximum concentration in the blood.

There is not a single organ in the human body that would not be destroyed by alcohol. But the strongest changes and in the very first place occur in the human brain. It is there that this poison tends to accumulate. After taking a mug of beer, a glass of wine, 100 grams of vodka, the alcohol contained in them is absorbed into the bloodstream, goes to the brain with the bloodstream, and the process of intensive destruction of the cerebral cortex begins in a person.

The path taken by alcohols in the body:

100 g of beer kills 3000 neurons,

100 g of wine kills 500 neurons

100 g of vodka kills 7500 neurons.

Alcohol entered the human body. What happens to this substance? Approximately 90% of it is retained in the liver, where it is converted by enzymes into the more toxic acetaldehyde and acetic acid. The effect of acetaldehyde on the body is stunning, accompanied by vomiting, dizziness. Morning fume is the smell of acetaldehyde. However, acetaldehyde in very small amounts ism is still necessary. It is important for cellular respiration. In the blood of a healthy person there is a small amount of alcohol - 0.002%. Therefore, the ingestion of an additional small amount of alcohol leads to a state of elation, euphoria. The absorption of oxygen is facilitated, the cell breathes easily and well. But now there is more alcohol, the cell loses control, anesthesia sets in, the person gets drunk. Cells begin to desperately fight excess acetaldehyde, oxidizing it to acetic acid. At the same time, naturally, its own aldehyde is not synthesized. The cell removes all the aldehyde, but at the same time cellular respiration becomes difficult. That is why a person wakes up with a headache, tired and overwhelmed. This condition is called a hangover. You can get out of it with a very small dose of alcohol - to return the natural level of acetaldehyde.

Imagine a person who constantly drinks alcohol. The cell stops synthesizing its own acetaldehyde. Now a person depends on the intake of alcohol from the outside. No alcohol - every cell begins to suffocate. This disease is called alcoholism. Alcohol is a drug, it enters the metabolism and becomes vital for a person.

A rat, for example, was turned into an alcoholic in 6 weeks. Instead of a drinker with drinking water, a drinker with a 5% solution of ethyl alcohol was placed in her cage. After 6 weeks, a drinking bowl with clean water was placed in the cage. The rat was no longer looking at the water.

Answer the question, why do those who "slightly" overdrink alcohol the next morning remember nothing?

Answer: because, first of all, brain cells responsible for memory die, irreversible death of neurons occurs as a result of thrombosis and microstrokes in the cerebral cortex, this leads to the loss of part of the information and to impaired short-term memory.

Slide number 34-35. Since alcohol dissolves easily in water, it is immediately absorbed and carried throughout the body in the bloodstream. We will also consider the processes that occur with the standard in the liver. In the liver, toxic substances entering the blood are neutralized. Doctors call this organ a target for alcohol, tk. 90% of ethanol is neutralized in it. Chemical processes of oxidation of ethyl alcohol take place in the liver.

Working with the class. We recall with students the stages of the process of alcohol oxidation:

"Ethanol metabolism in liver cells".

Ethyl alcohol is oxidized to final decomposition products if the daily consumption of ethanol does not exceed 20 g. If the dose is exceeded, then intermediate decomposition products accumulate in the body. This leads to a number of negative side effects:

Increased formation of fat and its accumulation in liver cells;

The accumulation of peroxide compounds capable of destroying cell membranes, as a result of which the contents of the cells flow out through the formed pores;

Undesirable phenomena, the totality of which leads to the destruction of the liver - cirrhosis.

Acetic aldehyde is 30 times more toxic than ethyl alcohol. In addition, as a result of various biochemical reactions in tissues and organs, including the brain, the formation of tetrahydropapaverolin is possible, the structure and properties of which resemble the well-known psychotropic drugs - morphine and canabinol. Doctors have proved that it is acetaldehyde that causes the occurrence of mutations and various deformities in embryos. Acetic acid enhances the synthesis of fatty acids and leads to fatty degeneration of the liver.

slide number 36. The use of more than 20-40 grams of alcohol in the liver with the help of enzymes turns it into acetaldehyde, which is 30 times more toxic than alcohol itself. The effect of the latter on the body is stunning, accompanied by vomiting, dizziness - acid-base balance is disturbed in the body. Let's, having done a simple experiment, make sure that alcohol is able to turn into acetaldehyde, which is easy to recognize by smell: in low concentration it has a pleasant smell - the smell of rotten apples.

Slide number 37. So let's get started

EXPERIMENT 4. Oxidation of alcohol.

Objective: prove that alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde.

Equipment and reagents: 1 test tube, ethyl alcohol, spirit lamp, copper wire.

Progress: Ignite the spiral of copper wire in the flame of an alcohol lamp until a black coating (copper oxide II) appears and lower it into a test tube with alcohol. Repeat 2-3 times.

Conclusion: Copper is reduced and alcohol is oxidized to aldehyde

C 2 H 5 OH + CuO → CH 3 CHO + Cu + H 2 O

slide number 38. Alcohol metabolite - aldehyde causes liver damage, cirrhosis. Doctors have proven that the occurrence of mutations and malformations in embryos causes acetaldehyde.

I would like to quote the words of the great ancient physician Avicenna: “Wine is the enemy of the drunkard, but it is also the friend of the moderate. A little of it is an antidote, in large quantities it is poison! It is permitted to the wise and forbidden to fools.” But neither smart nor fool - no one can predict when, after what glass, at what fateful moment the cells of the body include alcohol in their metabolic processes and since then they can no longer do without it. It depends on age, weight, gender, individual sensitivity, the specifics of work and other factors.

Slide number 39. Now, almost at every step, you can meet people drinking the now fashionable beer. There is as much alcohol in 1 liter of beer as in 100 g of vodka. There are many cases when a person becomes an alcoholic by drinking a harmless mug of beer. Physicians even have the term “beer alcoholism”. At first, general obesity gradually develops, which is figuratively noticed by the people “who drinks more beer - his belly is thicker”, then “fatty of the heart” sets in. A “beer” heart is unable to withstand even minor physical exertion.

slide number 40. Alcohol causes profound changes in the sexual sphere, up to the development of impotence, there is a high probability of infertility, especially if you start taking it during puberty, because. the number (up to 65%) of immobile, incapable of fertilization spermatozoa increases.

Slide number 41-44. If the child was conceived by drunken parents, and also if the mother took alcohol during fetal development, then this can lead to the birth of weakened children, with deformities. Sometimes a single intoxication is enough for the conception to be pathological.

That is why, according to the laws of ancient Greece, a drunken husband was strictly forbidden to get along with his wife. A law was also passed there forbidding newlyweds to drink wine on their wedding day. Fetal alcohol syndrome: developmental delay, head size reduction, typical face with a short upturned nose, narrow, slanting eyes, there may be congenital defects of the upper lip, palate (cleft lip), extra fingers and other defects. Alcohol consumption is most dangerous in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

If a breastfeeding mother drinks alcohol, then the children of such mothers are restless, nervous - “breast alcoholics” - usually frail, mentally retarded. The worst thing is that such children are potential drunkards and alcoholics.

The social harm of drunkenness is well known. In ancient India, drunkenness was drunk with boiling water, molten silver, and lead. In ancient Rome, it was allowed to kill wives who abused alcohol with impunity.

CONCLUSION: Alcohol has a catastrophic effect on offspring. Firstly, the likelihood of infertility is high, especially if you use it during puberty. According to the laws of ancient Greece, a drunken husband was strictly forbidden to have sexual intercourse. There, the law forbade newlyweds to drink wine on their wedding day. Reason: even a slight intoxication of parents at the moment of conception leads to the birth of weakened children, children with congenital deformities. Fetal alcohol syndrome: developmental delay, head size reduction, typical face with a short upturned nose, narrow, slanting eyes, there may be congenital defects of the upper lip, palate (cleft lip), extra fingers and other defects. Alcohol consumption is most dangerous in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

SOCIOLOGIST Alcohol is to blame for the existence of 100 million mentally retarded people in the world. This fact is known: according to observations of children of 215 families where parents abused alcohol, it was found that:

35 children were born prematurely

16 - stillborn

38 - lagged behind their peers in terms of development

55 - subsequently fell ill with tuberculosis (weakened body)

145 had various mental disorders.

According to the Voronezh Narcological Dispensary, they have over 17,000 registered people, 0.8% of whom are teenagers. These are chronic alcoholics.

According to statistics, even moderate doses of alcohol reduce labor productivity by 30%.

Slide number 46. The 11th-century Arab scholar Abul Faraj wrote: “Wine tells everyone who drinks it four qualities: first, a peacock, then a monkey, then a lion, and finally a pig.

More than half of the crimes are committed while drunk, including 2/3 of murders and grievous bodily injuries, the same number of robberies and robberies, and almost all hooligan misconduct. In most cases, alcohol consumption is associated with injuries and manufacturing defects, absenteeism and other violations of labor discipline.

Slide number 47. Let's listen to S. Mikhalkov's fable "Hare in the hop" ( ), and then answer the question:

What are behavioral effects of alcohol on the body?

What is the name of the substances that affect the psyche?

What is a drug? What is its danger?

Students form a conclusion: alcohol is a psychotropic substance that has narcotic properties.

Slide number 48-49. Reference: Alcohol is the No. 1 drug. Russia produces 8.5 liters of 100% alcohol per capita per year. Legal drug. The trading network is the best in the world. The great patron is the state.

Medic. 6-8 g of alcohol per 1 kg of adult weight is a lethal dose. For a child, a glass of vodka is fatal. With the systematic use of alcohol, irreversible damage occurs. Alcohol affects all human organs. The brain suffers: nervous tissue is reborn, red blood cells stick together in clusters, which leads to blockage of blood vessels and hemorrhage (stroke). The liver suffers: active cells die, being replaced by fatty ones (cirrhosis). Alcohol irritates the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, renal and hepatic epithelium. Consequence: gastritis, ulcer, stomach cancer. The muscle fibers of the heart are reborn into connective tissue, the heart rhythm changes, and hypertension (high blood pressure) develops.

And count the calorie content of a bottle of vodka! 1 g of alcohol - 7 kcal. In a bottle of vodka - 1400 kcal. This is where alcoholics get cirrhosis - fatty degeneration of liver cells.

Consolidation.

Slide number 50. Fill in the table: "The toxic effect of ethyl alcohol on various levels of organization of living matter."

Guys! Now we will conduct a quiz on the homework of the last lesson. Answer the following questions:

1. Why does an intoxicated person freeze in the cold faster than a sober one? (Alcohol dilates blood vessels and increases heat dissipation.)

2. What changes occur in the human body under the influence of alcohol? (Attention and working capacity decrease, hearing, vision, will and reflexes are weakened).

3. How is the problem of combating alcoholism reflected in the laws of different countries? (In Switzerland, the retail sale of alcohol is limited. In Muslim countries - Libya, Iran, Pakistan - the punishment for the transport, manufacture, sale of alcohol is up to 100 lashes. In Russia, commercial enterprises selling vodka to persons under 21 years of age lose their license).

Homework.

Slide number 51. Find information about the use and importance of alcohol in human life.
You can use the addresses of sites recorded on instructional maps.

http://school-collection.edu.ru/

http://lifelib.ru/articles/

http://nauka.relis.ru/

Summing up the lesson.

Slide number 52. People wish each other, first of all, health and then there will be success, luck, family well-being nearby. You don't have to drink to your health.

At the festive table, remember that "drunkenness is an exercise in madness, and alcoholism is a terrible, serious disease." And then, you will not cross this line, beyond which grief, tears of our loved ones, people who love us, who need us.

Reflection.

The negative impact of alcohol is not limited to the human body, this problem is of a social nature and it is impossible to generalize all aspects of the problem in one lesson. To create a good mood, it is better to use simple, but very effective means. Scientists have found that in order to live in the world for a long time, you need to smile every day for at least 17 minutes. We wish you that a good mood never leaves you, and that you have more happy moments in your life.

Man is born

To create, dare - and nothing else,

To leave a good mark in life

And solve all the difficult problems.

Man is born...

For what? Look for your answer!

Complete the reflection sheets. ( ).

List of used literature

www.alcoholiki.com.ua

www.schools.mari-ei.ru

www.xumuk.ru/encyklopedia

Artamonova I.G., Sagaidachnaya V.V. Practical work with the study of drugs and household chemicals. //Chemistry at school. - 2002. - No. 9. - P.73 - 76.

Vetrov N.I. If only I knew the law. - M., 1986.

Gabrielyan O.S., Ostroumov I.G. Handbook of the teacher. Chemistry, 10th grade. – M.: Bustard, 2004. – 479 p.

Zverev I.D. Reading book on human anatomy, physiology and hygiene. - M.: Enlightenment, 1983. - 215 p.

Ignatieva S.Yu. Prevention of alcoholism: an integrated lesson in grade 10. //Chemistry at school. - 2003. - No. 1. - P.32 - 35.

Kolesov D.V. Prevention of bad habits in schoolchildren. - M., 1984.

Kopyt N.Ya., Skvortsova E.S. Alcohol and teenagers. - M., 1984.

Maleeva V.F. From the experience of conducting generalizing lessons. //Chemistry at school. - 2006. - No. 1. - P.25 - 30.

Radetsky A.M. Practical work in extracurricular activities. //Chemistry at school. - 2004. - No. 5. – P.65 – 68.

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Filinova I.P. Generalizing lesson on the topic "Alcohols and phenols". //Chemistry at school. - 2003. - No. 8. – P.34 – 38.

How does alcohol affect the human body? Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages adversely affects all organs of the drinker. But the worst thing is that an alcoholic falls out of society, losing his personality. Mental, physical and social degradation develops. Alcoholism is a disease that people cannot cope with on their own. The help of specialists and relatives is required.

Alcohol impact on the human body

Alcohol and its impact on human health began to be intensively studied in the 19th century, when scientists began to worry about the human future. In 1952, alcoholism was given the status of a disease. Not a single person is immune from drunkenness.

The detrimental effect of ethyl alcohol on the body is reflected in the medical and social aspects, these are:

• personality degradation;
• distortion of thinking;
• endangering others, such as drunk driving;
• damage to internal organs;
• mental disorders.

Alcohol genesis has different causes. Grief, joy or fatigue after a hard day's work make you want to take a bottle of alcohol and relax.

The active ingredient in any alcoholic beverage is ethanol. The component is quickly absorbed into the walls of the stomach and penetrates into the human brain, contacting the brain neurons. The substance is excreted from the body unchanged. Ethanol is biotransformed in the liver and exits through the sweat and mammary glands, lungs, kidneys, feces and urine. The negative effect of ethanol on the human body occurs during its oxidation. The alcohol component turns into a toxic substance - acetaldehyde.

Long-term influence of ethyl alcohol on the human body leads to irreversible consequences. Intoxication develops, affecting to varying degrees all organs - alcoholic visceropathy. First of all, the vessels, liver and brain are poisoned. Common diseases of alcoholics:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• pancreatitis;
• immune disorders;
• hypertension;
• myocardial dystrophy;
• hemolytic anemia;
• encephalopathy;
• thrombophlebitis;
• cancer of the esophagus and rectum.

The effect of alcohol on the brain and nervous system

Chronic alcoholism increases the risk of bleeding in the brain (stroke). Violation of blood circulation leads to the formation of blood clots in the capillaries and their rupture.

When taking only 50 ml of vodka, thousands of neurons die. Dead brain cells do not regenerate, so prolonged drinking leads to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's.

When opening the skull of an alcoholic, abnormal changes are revealed:

• atrophy of brain tissues and smoothing of its convolutions;
• point hemorrhages;
• voids with liquid form at the site of dead neurons;
• multiple scarring of brain tissue.

The pathological effect of alcohol on the nervous system (CNS) is its oppression. It is only at the initial stage of alcoholism that a surge of strength and euphoria is felt. In the future, the functional ability of the brain weakens, and cognitive abilities are reduced to a critical level. There are such phenomena:

• hallucinations and delusions;
• astereognosia (disorder of perception);
• decrease in intellectual ability;
• immoral behavior;
• incoherent speech.

The consequences of frequent drinking affect not only the drinker, but also the people around him. In a chronic alcoholic, the boundaries of what is permitted are erased. Unreasonable anger and rage lead to unpredictable consequences (swearing, fights, indecent behavior).

With depression of the central nervous system, an alcoholic suffers from chronic depression, panic disorder and other psychological disorders. Over time, a drinking person loses the meaning of life. His apathetic state leads to labor and creative stagnation, which inevitably affects work and social status.

Alcohol and the cardiovascular system

Even with a small dose of alcohol, vasospasm occurs, forcing the heart to work with a vengeance. When drinking alcohol becomes systematic, the organ undergoes abnormal processes: due to the growth of adipose tissue, its volume gradually increases, and the heart muscle atrophies (myocardial dystrophy). Heart dysfunction inevitably leads to serious pathologies (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary disease, etc.). With heart failure, a person develops shortness of breath, unstable heartbeat (arrhythmia), swelling of organs and limbs, and a characteristic cough.

The first reaction of blood vessels to alcohol intake is expansion. But after a short period of time there is a sharp narrowing. If the process is repeated often, then the vascular system begins to malfunction: the walls of the vessels lose their elasticity and become covered with fatty plaques (atherosclerosis), blood circulation is disturbed. At the same time, all human organs feel an acute deficiency of nutrients and oxygen (hypoxia), metabolism is disturbed, the immune system weakens.

With a large dose of alcohol, the adrenal glands begin to intensively produce hormones (adrenaline, norepinephrine). This process wears out the cardiovascular system. The fragility of the capillaries is expressed by bluish streaks on the face and nose of the drinker.

The effect of alcohol on the joints

Alcoholism leads to disruption of metabolic processes in the body. As a result, pathological changes not only affect the internal organs, but also affect the musculoskeletal system. Alcohol and arthritis-damaged joints are usually perceived as disparate facts. In fact, doctors point to a direct dependence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system on alcohol abuse.

Pathologies of the joints of an alcoholic:

• arthritis;
• gout;
• arthrosis;
• aseptic necrosis.

Inflammatory processes that occur due to excessive alcohol consumption affect the cartilage. Joint deformity occurs due to wear and tear of cartilage tissue.

Potassium - a trace element necessary for the proper functioning of the skeletal system - is washed out through alcoholic beverages. As a result of potassium deficiency, fluid with inflammatory pathology accumulates inside the joint. In this case, the person feels severe pain.

Joint mobility may decrease due to the deposition of salts formed against the background of kidney dysfunction. Alcohol intake interferes with kidney metabolism and proper metabolism.

Violation of blood flow can also provoke joint pain.

beer alcoholism

Doctors constantly warn about the harmful effects of alcohol on the human body.

Frequent drinking of beer is considered another form of alcoholism. A painful addiction to a foamy drink causes a steady addiction. If alcohol-containing alcohol causes rejection in many, then beer is tried already in childhood. A natural product can and does have beneficial properties, but today the food industry offers a surrogate with the addition of the same alcohol.

Narcologists often mention the harm of beer on the body. This type of alcohol acts more slowly than alcoholic beverages, but in the end the result is the same. The insidiousness of beer - in its less repulsive form. In some countries, there is no concept of beer alcoholism at all. Passion for a foamy drink is characterized by the following:

1. Counterfeit beer production does not lead to high mortality of beer alcoholics, as, for example, counterfeit vodka.
2. Beer intoxication is much easier than alcohol poisoning, but the risk of addiction is higher than that of hard drink users.
3. Somatic anomaly (bodily diseases) in beer drinkers is ahead of psychopathic disorders. Along with this, personal degradation is poorly expressed. Beer alcoholics for a long time retain the intellectual and professional qualities that are necessary for a fruitful life and work.
4. Beer abuse eventually causes the same health problems as alcohol-containing drinks. A "beer heart syndrome" appears, which can be accompanied by a change in its structure, necrosis of the heart muscle, and enlarged ventricles.
5. Cobalt, a beer foam stabilizer, negatively affects the digestive system, causing inflammation.
6. Beer lovers have a hormonal imbalance in the endocrine system: men have a beer belly, breast glands enlarge, women's voice becomes hoarse, mustaches and beards begin to grow.

hangover hunger

Why do you want to eat after drinking? The next day after drinking alcohol, a hangover sets in: headache, nausea, tremor of the limbs, a feeling of emptiness in the stomach. But these consequences are overshadowed by uncontrollable hunger. This reaction of the body is caused by a sharp decrease in blood glucose. Insulin deficiency sends a signal to the brain that it is time to eat.

With a hangover, you should stick to a diet so as not to harm the body even more. Warm food is better than cold food. It should be remembered:

1. Broth or light soup in the morning will have a beneficial effect on the stomach and help eliminate toxic substances.
2. Porridge will saturate the body for a long time and help to establish the functions of peristalsis.
3. Sour-milk drinks will restore the disturbed intestinal microflora.
4. Tea with lemon will quench your thirst well and make up for the colossal losses of vitamin C.
5. Eliminate spicy and fatty foods from hangover foods. It is difficult for an organism suffering from alcohol to cope with the additional load.
6. For dessert, eat fruit and some dark chocolate, which increases glycogen levels (responsible for performance and well-being).

The negative effect of ethyl alcohol on the human body is known to all. But that doesn't stop anyone. At first, a person denies the fact that he can become an alcoholic. Then he does not recognize his dependence on alcohol for a long time. At this stage, relatives should help in understanding what is happening. The drinker himself is no longer able to control the consumption of alcohol. Alcoholism enters the stage of chronic pathology.

Alcoholism- This is a chronic mental and physiological disease, which is caused by a persistent dependence on ethyl alcohol.

In the course of its progression, the patient ceases to control the volume of alcohol consumed, the body's ability to tolerate ever-larger doses of alcohol increases.

There are signs of a hangover syndrome and damage to internal organs by toxic toxins.

• Beer
• Vodka
• Wine
• Whiskey
• Cognac
• Vermouth
• Champagne
• Liquor
• Tincture

Skin and
fabrics

Repro-
ductive
system

Most people consider beer a harmless drink and are ready to drink it every day. However, such abuse leads to very negative consequences. Muscle tissues are depleted and weakened, the skin is dehydrated and deprived of nutrients.

With regular consumption of the drink, the liver gradually gets used to it and stops cleansing the body of harmful elements. As a result - cirrhosis or hepatitis. Fatty degeneration of the liver is also possible. The first signs announcing the onset of these serious diseases are the appearance of circles under the eyes, age spots on the skin, a yellowish tint of all skin integuments.

The human reproductive system is especially susceptible to the negative effects of beer. Regular exposure to ethyl alcohol is extremely detrimental to the germ cells of both men and women. It causes many congenital pathologies in children. It must be understood that the regular consumption of even low-alcohol drinks during pregnancy is completely unacceptable. In men, there is a weakening of potency, the number of spermatozoa produced is reduced. Women who love beer, due to hormonal imbalance, may experience irreversible changes in the menstrual cycle and even complete infertility.

Serious changes are also taking place in the brain tissue. Blood cells stick together, preventing its natural circulation. The brain is gradually deprived of nutrition. Forgetfulness appears, the intellect weakens. Often there is a decrease in brain volume, leading to dementia. If it is impossible to get another portion of alcohol, the body responds with brittleness. The person becomes nervous, unable to perform the simplest tasks.

Beer has a very negative effect on the cardiovascular system. The cobalt contained in the drink contributes to an increase in the size of the heart. The organ stops working fully, the load on it becomes excessive, the muscle weakens. All this leads to such deadly diseases as heart attack, coronary disease, hypertension. People suffering from beer alcoholism suffer from shortness of breath, tingling in the fingertips, jumps in blood pressure. At the same time, a decrease in the effectiveness of the effects of drugs that can eliminate these symptoms is noticed.

First of all, the gastrointestinal tract is, of course, exposed to the negative effects of beer. The hormone-producing cells of the pancreas gradually die off, instead of them, fibrous cells grow. There is acute pancreatitis, and then - chronic. The amount of insulin produced drops sharply, which causes diabetes mellitus. Against the background of the constant use of beer, gastritis and ulcers most often develop, and malignant neoplasms are not uncommon.

The work of the kidneys in the body of an alcoholic is literally worn out. The urinary system fights excess alcohol in an enhanced mode, which leads to dehydration. Vitamins and vital substances are washed out of the body. Not having time to recover so quickly, the kidney tissue dies. Renal failure develops. Metabolism deteriorates sharply. All this leads to sclerosis of the kidneys and numerous hemorrhages.

A person who abuses vodka can be immediately distinguished by the burgundy color of the skin on his face. All skin integuments are severely affected by the effects of strong alcohol. The skin ages, becomes dehydrated, wrinkled and flabby. The muscular system also weakens and depletes.

Vodka destroys the liver. Ethyl alcohol destroys healthy cells, scar tissue appears instead. The liver becomes shrunken and small. The blood flow in it is disturbed, and the pressure increases, which leads to extensive bleeding. These are symptoms of a terrible and incurable disease - cirrhosis of the liver. In eight out of ten cases of cirrhosis, the patient has less than a year to live from the moment of the first bleeding.

Vodka quickly destroys the human reproductive system. Spermatozoa in male alcoholics become few and unviable. The emergence of impotence is inevitable, it is only a matter of time. The body of a woman from the effects of alcohol is destroyed even more. All reproductive properties are lost. But even if it is possible to conceive a child, the probability of malformations of its development is close to one hundred percent.

Severe and irreversible changes affect the human brain. Severe swelling, vasodilation, micro hemorrhages, numerous cysts - these are the brain damages characteristic of alcoholics. Cells die in large areas of higher nerve centers. The psyche of people who drink is seriously disturbed.

After taking vodka, a violation of cardiac activity immediately occurs. The load on the heart instantly increases, and it takes a long time to normalize, sometimes it takes several days to recover. The heart beats faster, blood pressure rises, blood vessels dilate. This contributes to the development of such ailments as atherosclerosis, ischemia, arrhythmia, strokes and heart attacks occur. Alcoholics experience chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, nocturnal cough. These are all signs of cardiomyopathy.

The stomach of the drinker takes the first blow. Vodka is the strongest irritant of his mucous membrane. The production of mucus and digestive enzymes becomes excessive. Very soon, the mucosa can completely atrophy, which will lead to the occurrence of gastritis and ulcers. Vodka destroys the pancreas. Tissue scarring occurs. And this is a direct path to pancreatitis and diabetes.

Kidney poisoning is another deplorable result of alcoholism. When the kidneys can no longer cope with the removal of toxins from the body, poisoning occurs. Immunity is reduced, pathogenic microorganisms multiply. A violation of the urinary system leads to the formation of stones and tumors.

The negative impact that the use of whiskey has has been established. In large quantities, it causes muscle atrophy and skin damage. Aging flabby skin with a burgundy tint is a characteristic feature of the face of a person who abuses this drink.

Ethyl alcohol contained in whiskey is oxidized in the liver to form acetaldehyde. This substance is extremely dangerous. It destroys healthy cells, which are replaced by scar tissue. The liver - the main filter of our body - stops working normally. Toxic substances enter the blood, gradually poisoning all organs. Without treatment and restoration of liver cells, cirrhosis, hepatitis and cancer develop.

Regular consumption of strong drinks such as whiskey causes an irreparable blow to the human reproductive system. In men, it is fraught with the development of erectile dysfunction and impotence. The number and motility of spermatozoa decreases, up to the onset of infertility. The production of testosterone - the male sex hormone - is sharply reduced. In women, whiskey abuse can cause an increase in the production of the male sex hormone and a decrease in the female. When drinking whiskey during pregnancy, there is a high risk of miscarriage.

Drinking whiskey contributes to the disruption of brain activity. Absent-mindedness, weakening of memory, impaired coordination of movements and speech - these are the signs of excessive consumption of whiskey. The cells of the cerebral cortex are gradually destroyed and die. If the dose of alcohol is not reduced in time, a coma may occur, and subsequently death.

Taking whiskey, a person significantly increases the load on the blood vessels, which leads to increased pressure and arrhythmia of the heart. Such a strong alcoholic drink, like whiskey, can provoke a violation and cardiac arrest. Destroying cells, ethanol leads to scarring, the walls of the heart muscle lose their elasticity.

The control of metabolism in the human body is produced by the pancreas. It is responsible for proper digestion and the production of insulin in the body, normalizes blood sugar levels. Frequent use of whiskey harms the pancreas. Her cells are being destroyed. There is a formation of protein plugs that increase the pressure in the duct of the gland. Enzymes enter the tissue of the gland and begin to steadily destroy it.

No doubt, all alcoholic beverages affect the purification of the blood. For example, large doses of whiskey act on the tubules of the kidneys, causing their tissue to die. Because of this, a person can manifest any infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Due to intoxication of the organ, its performance decreases: half-life products, toxins and poisons are not excreted quickly enough. As a result - the whole organism is sent, the systems fail, immunity decreases. A large amount of whiskey in the blood is one of the major factors for the reproduction of viruses.

Despite the fact that wine belongs to low-alcohol drinks, if consumed excessively, it can cause blood dehydration and worsen metabolic processes, thereby very negatively affecting the general condition of human tissues. In people who drink a lot of wine, the skin condition noticeably worsens, muscle mass decreases.

Like stronger alcohol, large quantities of wine have a devastating effect on the liver. Violating metabolic processes, wine can cause fatty liver, which significantly reduces its performance and will not be slow to negatively affect the functioning of the body as a whole.

Wine has a very negative effect on the hormonal balance in the human body. The production of the most important hormones - testosterone and estrogen - under the influence of wine can stop. This leads to irreversible damage to the reproductive system. In men, this manifests itself in a weakening of potency. In women - in possible infertility, the birth of children with pathological changes, premature menopause.

Drinking alcohol can negatively affect the functioning of the brain. Intoxication leads to dehydration of the blood. Thick blood creates the risk of thrombosis. Gradually accumulating in the body, the ethanol contained in wine leads to the destruction of cells, which ultimately leads to damage to the cerebral cortex.

Having consumed just one glass of wine, a person instantly disturbs the natural balance of the circulatory system. The load on the heart increases, the vessels are destroyed, the composition of the blood worsens. The entire cardiovascular system of the body is affected.

The decay products of ethanol found in wine have a very negative effect on the pancreas. Toxic substances destroy cells, and scar tissue forms in their place. Blood microcirculation is disturbed, the supply of nutrients and oxygen is deteriorating. There are spasms and stagnation of juice in the stomach, enzymes corrode its walls, gastritis and peptic ulcer occur.

In large doses, wine can greatly harm the functioning of the kidneys. Signs of poor functioning - the presence of edema, cyanosis of the face. This happens because the ethanol breakdown products are not completely removed from the body, continuously poisoning it. Ultimately, such poisoning leads to kidney failure and intoxication of the whole organism.

Any vermouth is an alcoholic drink. Therefore, it has a negative effect on the state of the muscular system and human skin. Vermouth lowers growth hormone levels, while depleting vitamin stores and dehydrating tissues. The high sugar content of this drink contributes to fat formation, which is exacerbated by the presence of a high concentration of alcohol, which reduces testosterone and increases estrogen. These factors are detrimental to the state of the muscular corset. The impact of one glass of vermouth on a person is comparable to skipping a workout by an athlete - the muscles noticeably lose their tone. Vermouth is a drink based on a variety of herbal preparations. Such diversity may not be well tolerated by everyone. Allergic reactions on the skin are possible - redness, rashes. The color of the skin of the face can also be spoiled due to the expansion of the pores and the appearance of the capillary network.

Over 15 percent of ethanol is part of the vermouth. Drinking this strong drink as an aperitif, a person causes serious damage to his liver, the cells of which rapidly die and are replaced by adipose tissue. Hepatosis, fatty degeneration of the liver, always precedes cirrhosis. Taking vermouth in cocktails can only aggravate the situation. The sweet taste and diluted consistency allows you to quietly consume unexpectedly large amounts of alcohol. The flavorings that make up the drink mask the harmful effects of ethanol and increase poisoning.

Even small doses of vermouth can change the delicate balance of the female body and cause irreparable harm. By destroying the cell membrane, alcohol disrupts the structure of DNA. Congenital malformations in children are the sad result of such an impact. Alcohol, the most powerful mutogen, has a detrimental and fast effect on spermatozoa.

The alcohol in vermouth destroys brain cells. It happens like this: being absorbed into the blood, ethanol damages and sticks together red blood cells. The resulting clots travel through the bloodstream to the brain and clog some of its cells. There is a so-called starvation of the brain. Cells die en masse, are excreted from the body, the cortex is destroyed, the size of the brain is reduced. This process is irreversible.

Light euphoria when using vermouth is due to the primary vasodilation. However, this is always followed by their spasm, and this is a direct path to a stroke or heart attack. Alcohol significantly damages blood vessels. The delay in the outflow of blood causes a lack of oxygen to feed the heart. In an attempt to speed up the flow, the body raises blood pressure. The veins dilate and varicose veins occur.

Reception of vermouth as an aperitif whets the appetite, at the same time irritates the gastric mucosa. Herbal supplements enhance the negative effect, contribute to the occurrence of gastritis and ulcers. When it enters the pancreas, alcohol destroys its cells, provoking the release of an excess of enzymes that digest the tissues of the gland itself. Such processes in the body are life-threatening.

The work of the kidneys suffers even from small doses of vermouth. Cells are destroyed, kidney failure occurs. Blood filtration deteriorates sharply. The kidneys become small and wrinkled. The risk of sand and stones in them increases.

Harmless festive drink - champagne - with regular use is harmful to health. The appearance of weakness, a decrease in physical activity is only the beginning. With frequent use of sweet low-grade alcohol, there is a loss of muscle tone, a set of excess weight. The protective reactions of the body weaken, as vitamins and nutrients are washed out of it. The immune system is weakening. The person's appearance deteriorates. The skin loses its elasticity, acquires an unhealthy color.

Due to a violation of the hormonal background, the reproductive system can be severely affected, infertility can occur. Pregnant women who recklessly decide to drink champagne may have a miscarriage. However, men should also remember that champagne, drunk in large quantities, can cause impotence, no less than any other alcoholic beverages.

The human brain can suffer from excessive drinking of champagne. The appearance of a headache, decreased performance, dulling of memory - these are just the most harmless consequences of excessive drinking. Loss of coordination of movement, an unstable psycho-emotional state, a tendency to depression - the next step towards the destruction of the brain. With regular use of alcohol, the consequences are severe and completely irreversible. It catastrophically decreases in size, the cells of the cortex are destroyed, hemorrhages occur. In fairness, it should be noted that in small quantities, a sparkling drink has a positive effect on the brain, stimulating its cognitive functions.

The tendency to frequent consumption of champagne can lead to diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as ischemia, hypertension, heart attack and others. The heart muscle is destroyed, covered with scars, loses elasticity. From the drunk, the heart begins to work at the limit, increases in size, acquires a fatty layer. There is a lack of oxygen in the blood. Clots form, creating deadly blood clots.

A carbonated drink, entering the body, primarily harms the pancreas and stomach. Champagne consumed on an empty stomach sharply lowers acidity, causing gastritis and ulcers. The first symptoms are bloating and pain in the abdomen. In the future, the occurrence of inflammatory processes of the pancreas, turning into chronic pancreatitis, is possible.

With regular consumption of champagne, negative processes occur in the kidneys. Removing toxins from the body, the kidneys work hard. If you do not stop drinking alcohol, the kidneys can no longer cope with toxins and begin to break down under their influence. The constant use of carbonated low-alcohol drinks will necessarily lead to inflammatory processes, disorders in the work of the adrenal glands, the formation of sand and stones in the kidneys.

The use of even small doses of cognac significantly reduces the reserves of the body. The short-term effect of relaxation after taking a strong drink is too much to pay for the harmful effects that will not slow down to affect the general condition of the drinking person and his appearance. The body under the influence of ethyl alcohol weakens and wears out quickly. Flaccid muscles, a loose physique, flabby skin of an unhealthy color, weakness, shortness of breath and a depressive state are the characteristic signs of a person suffering from alcohol addiction.

Once in the body, cognac deals a heavy blow to the liver. This body tries to process poisonous ethanol as quickly as possible. Cognac has a high content of tannins. Their bitterness provokes the production of a large amount of bile. The size of the gallbladder is greatly increased. At the same time, the liver, struggling with alcohol, cannot always perform its functions of cleaning the body. And essential oils, which are found in large quantities in cognac to give a noble taste and aroma, greatly complicate the work of the liver.

For the normal functioning of the reproductive system, the constant production of such important hormones as testosterone and estrogen is necessary. However, even a slight use of cognac significantly reduces the amount of hormones produced. The euphoria and relaxation that occurs as a result of intoxication leads to the fact that the body refuses to work and produce hormones in sufficient quantities.

Once in the human body, alcohol begins to affect his consciousness and psyche. The effect of relaxation cognac surpasses many alcoholic beverages. A relaxed and pleasant state is close to a drug one, the perception of reality is distorted, euphoria sets in. This is largely due to the pleasant natural aroma, noble tart taste of the drink. But the main effect of relaxation is achieved precisely by a large percentage of ethyl alcohol in the drink. It is strong alcohol that contributes to the rapid expansion of blood vessels and the acceleration of blood flow. The supply of oxygen to the brain is increased. However, along with the blood, alcohol also enters the vessels of the brain. Numerous neurons (nerve cells) in this case irretrievably die or are seriously damaged. Irreversible degenerative processes begin to occur in the brain.

The vasodilating effect of cognac is mistakenly considered to be beneficial. This is a big misconception. The retribution for short-term pleasure and warmth is a serious increase in the load on the heart and vascular system. The main human organ begins to work too intensively. There is an increase in blood pressure. Vessels, especially small, capillary ones, may not withstand overload and burst. A red capillary network on the face is a clear sign of cognac abuse. Like any strong alcohol, cognac causes arrhythmia. The heart is working hard, the frequency of its beats is unstable. In this case, the heart muscle is subjected to severe wear.

Alcohol is a naturally occurring toxic substance. Any overdose of toxins can be fatal. Cognac is no exception to this rule. Entering the body, first of all, it damages the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, then the entire esophagus. Having made its harmful path and getting into the stomach, cognac begins to destroy the mucous membrane of this organ. The astringent properties of the tannins contained in the drink somewhat soften this burn effect, but at the same time they reduce internal secretion for a while. This masks the harmful effects and enhances the damage done. The pancreas also suffers from the use of cognac. Trying to break down alcohol faster in order to cleanse the body, the gland secretes a huge amount of enzymes. Their excess is dangerous. Enzymes are taken to break down the cells of the pancreas itself. Failure of the production of enzymes always leads to diabetes.

It should be noted that the use of high-quality cognac in small quantities has a beneficial effect on the kidneys. The presence of tannin in the drink suggests an anti-inflammatory effect. However, all the benefits will be negated if the dose of the drink is increased. In large quantities, ethyl alcohol in itself is a strong irritant, and the essential oils contained in cognac enhance this effect. Trying to cleanse the body of poison, flush it and remove toxins, the kidneys and adrenal glands work in an enhanced mode, filtering the blood. After such a load, it is not always possible to restore the healthy state of these important organs.

The use of liquors can be quite dangerous. The huge amount of sugar contained in the product itself is already unhealthy, and in addition, sugar and flavoring additives mask and soften the high alcohol content of ethanol. Being carried away by the consumption of this oversweetened drink, you can imperceptibly consume an excess amount of alcohol. Dehydration can be a dangerous consequence. The state of dehydration in the morning is well known to anyone who has abused alcohol the day before. The result of dehydration and metabolic disorders can be seen already during an external examination of the patient. Pathological changes in the cells of the skin and muscles, characteristic of alcoholics - dryness, flabbiness and friability of tissues, swelling, unhealthy color. So the body makes it clear about alcohol intoxication.

Liqueurs are pretty strong drinks. It is known that strong alcohol has a destructive effect on liver cells. Viable cells die trying to process ethanol, and cicatricial ones appear in their place. Such tissues cannot perform the protective and hematopoietic functions of the liver. And this is a disaster for the whole organism as a whole. A terrible and incurable disease - cirrhosis - arises from excessive alcohol consumption.

A strong and sweet drink can imperceptibly, but very strongly disrupt the functions of reproduction in humans. This is especially true for women. Carried away by a sweet drink, you can get the strongest alcohol intoxication. The work of the endocrine gland is under attack. The production of hormones is disrupted. All biochemical processes in the body are out of control. Hormonal failures, violations of monthly cycles, premature menopause - this is how a woman can pay for immoderation. But the most terrible consequences await expectant mothers. Alcohol provokes miscarriages and the development of severe fetal pathologies. In men, impotence becomes a retribution for drunkenness.

In large quantities, liquors can adversely affect human brain activity. Under the influence of alcohol, erythrocytes, red blood cells stick together. Moving through thin capillaries, such blood clots can completely block the access of blood to brain cells. Due to oxygen starvation, cells die and are washed out of the body. The brain gradually decreases in volume, unable to cope with its functions. This process is irreversible.

A slight intoxication and a pleasant taste of liquor can play a cruel joke on the person drinking it. The amount of sugar and alcohol in the blood gradually increases. The work of the cardiovascular system is at serious risk. There is a failure in the work of the myocardium. A decrease in the amount of calcium does not allow the heart muscle to fully contract. The balance of fats and proteins is disturbed. Adipose tissue grows, displacing healthy dying cells, the heart increases in size and stops working normally.

The amount of ethanol in liqueurs can reach 75 percent. This is a very strong alcohol. Its effect on the pancreas and stomach is extremely destructive. Drinking liquor on an empty stomach, a person provokes a strong secretion of gastric juice. This juice begins to destroy the mucous membrane, and then the walls of the stomach. Such processes lead to the occurrence of gastritis, and then stomach ulcers. The possibility of developing cancer is not ruled out.

The work of the kidneys is to remove poisonous substances and toxins from the body. Struggling with alcohol intoxication, the kidneys are inevitably exposed to the destructive effects of alcohol, which is contained in large quantities in liqueurs. With regular exposure to ethyl alcohol, the kidneys cease to cope with their task. The first symptom of kidney disease is the appearance of protein in the urine (proteinuria). If you ignore this alarm signal and do not stop drinking alcohol, the dire consequences will not keep you waiting. Sluggishly current kidney dystrophy or sudden acute renal failure is the result of alcohol abuse.

The basis of any alcoholic beverage is ethyl alcohol. It is a dangerous and poisonous substance. Drinking alcohol gradually becomes addictive, prompting a person to take larger and larger doses of it. All processes in the human body are disrupted. The body is dehydrated by alcohol. It becomes noticeable. Flabby skin takes on an earthy hue with burgundy spots of broken capillaries. Protein synthesis in the muscles is sharply reduced, their volume decreases, elasticity is lost. Hormonal balance is disturbed. The psycho-emotional state becomes unstable. General well-being deteriorates significantly.

The habit of regularly using alcohol tinctures leads to the development of severe pathological processes in the liver. This hematopoietic and cleansing organ takes over the entire volume of ethanol taken. Over time, the liver can no longer cope with the processing of alcohol. The first wake-up call is hepatosis (fatty liver disease). If you do not start treatment and stop drinking, you can wait for alcoholic hepatitis. And this is already a sure harbinger of a deadly disease - cirrhosis of the liver.

With prolonged exposure to alcohol, sexual dysfunctions occur. Women suffering from alcohol dependence, due to hormonal imbalance, gradually become infertile. And if you still managed to conceive a child, there is a high risk of miscarriage or the birth of a baby with severe pathologies. In men who regularly drink alcohol, reproductive functions quickly fade away. Lack of erection, testicular atrophy, complete impotence - these are milestones on the sad path of an alcoholic. In addition, by weakening the body, alcohol increases the chances of contracting infectious and sexually transmitted diseases by dozens of times.

Penetrating with the bloodstream into the membrane of the brain, alcohol triggers irreversible degradation processes. The gradual death of brain cells occurs with the following symptoms: emotional instability, irritability, irascibility, depression, auditory and visual hallucinations, loss of consciousness. The logical outcome of these processes is a lethal outcome.

Tinctures based on ethyl alcohol or vodka increase blood pressure. The blood circulation of a person is disturbed. Red blood cells are destroyed, forming blood clots. In turn, blood clots clog small vessels - capillaries. This prevents the supply of tissues with oxygen. All organs are affected. Alcohol tinctures increase cholesterol levels, cause dystrophy of the heart muscle. Immoderate and frequent consumption of them brings death closer.

The organs of the digestive tract are the first to take on the negative effects of tinctures on alcohol. Possible burns of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and pancreas. Damage to the mucosa leads to necrosis (necrosis) of tissues. The gastrointestinal tract ceases to function normally. Against this background, such serious diseases as gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus develop. The risk of cancer increases.

The kidneys and genitourinary system remove toxic residues of ethyl alcohol from the body. With alcohol abuse, these organs are constantly forced to work in an enhanced mode, trying to cope with poisons as quickly as possible.
This results in their destruction. Organs weaken and become susceptible to a large number of diseases, both infectious and inflammatory. For example, pyelonephritis and nephritis. The general weakening of the immune system does not allow you to effectively fight diseases.

Prolonged alcoholism destroys the brain and central nervous system. Against this background, there is a mental disorder - the perception of the real world and memory is disturbed, disorganization of behavior and inhibition of thinking appear.

The toxic effect of ethanol and its decay products causes irreversible changes in the body. First of all, in the gastrointestinal tract, heart and blood vessels. According to statistics, most of the deaths in addicted people are due to "alcoholic" diseases.

In order to notice in time that a person has become addicted to alcohol and prevent tragic consequences, it is necessary to know the degrees of alcoholism and their signs.

The article will talk about the effect of alcohol on the body, how it is harmful and what consequences it has for life.

Consequences of alcoholism for life

The negative effects of alcohol consumption are observed in all areas of life:

• health deteriorates and the patient's personality degrades;
• problems begin in the family;
• social adaptation is broken;
• a person loses his ability to work.

The main danger of alcohol addiction lies in in mass lesions of the patient's organs:

• cirrhosis of the liver is formed and progresses;
• the mechanisms of the heart and blood vessels are upset;
• increases the risk of cancer.

A person under the influence of alcohol:

• becomes super-aggressive;
• suffers from inhibition of thoughts;
• suffers from general mental problems;
• in advanced cases, it reaches psychosis and epilepsy.

Because alcoholics lose control of their behavior, they often find themselves in dangerous situations. All sorts of accidents happen to them with consequences in the form of injuries, hypothermia and other serious conditions.

Often they use low-grade alcohol, which can cause not only disability, but also death.

Disorders in the social life of alcoholics are manifested by discord in families, a decrease in labor activity, and loss of work. Often they fall into the hands of scammers and are left without a livelihood.

Alcoholism contributes to the growth of crime. An addicted person is ready for any means of obtaining another portion of alcohol, whether it be a robbery or even murder. There are numerous accidents involving drunk drivers.

The effect of alcohol on the human body

Alcohol inevitably harms the human body. Its prolonged use leads to severe damage to almost all vital systems.

Psyche

Alcohol affects the psyche gradually. Even the smallest dose of ethanol destroys the central nervous system. If you regularly abuse alcohol for a long time, a person's behavior changes beyond recognition.

• The addict has problems with verbal communication, he becomes withdrawn, loses life orientations and values.

His aspirations and goals disappear, attacks of aggression and irritability often occur. He is constantly dissatisfied with others and initiates conflicts with them.

• Problems of a socio-economic nature are also not long in coming.

A decrease in working capacity as a result of alcohol abuse leads to trouble at work - a person ceases to cope with his official functions.

First, he receives preventive measures from the boss, and in the event of a systematic violation of labor discipline, he loses his job altogether. Nevertheless, this does not force the patient to give up alcohol, and soon he completely loses his motivation to work.

• Alcoholics who have reached a late stage of the disease live asocially and closed.

They are not interested in anything other than getting another dose of alcohol.

• Alcoholism, lasting for years, inevitably leads to the degradation of the individual.

This is a serious complication of psychological and physiological dependence, which has developed into a chronic form. Ethanol acts as a depressant on the brain and nervous system, a person becomes mentally unbalanced, there is a comprehensive weakening of activity.

The negative effect of ethanol is characterized by such personality disorders in chronic alcoholics:

1. Man categorically does not recognize himself as sick and refuses treatment.
2. His emotional background suffers, the will is lost, depression progresses, the focus is on alcohol.
3. Sick unable to control his aggression. Women may experience mental seizures.
4. alcohol dependent loses vital interests and moral qualities.
5. Often sick suicidal tendencies.
6. Memory worsens and reduced mental capacity.
7. Schizoaffective disorder appears- a mental disorder that is characterized by both signs of schizophrenia and a mood disorder.
8. Sick falls into a state of delirium tremens, accompanied by all sorts of hallucinations, pain in the head, gag reflex, biased anxiety.
9. Neurasthenia begins－ disorder of the psyche and nervous system against the background of physical and psycho-emotional exhaustion. It is accompanied by increased excitability, rapid fatigue, frequent headaches and insomnia.
10. In the later stages of the disease Acquired dementia (dementia) develops:
    • cognitive ability is reduced;
    • previously acquired knowledge and skills are lost;
    • spatial orientation is disturbed;
    • there are gaps in short-term and long-term memory.

In severe stages of dementia, a person's daily activities are disrupted to such an extent that he needs continuous supervision.

It has the following states:

• disorientation in space;
• inability to follow the rules of personal hygiene;
• not recognizing oneself in the mirror;
• lack of criticism and compassion;
• aggression.

central nervous system

The harmful effect of alcohol on the brain causes a malfunction of the entire central nervous system.

Alcohol, getting into the blood, instantly acts on all organs. Therefore, even when taking a small dose of alcohol, the behavior of the drinker changes. In some people, alcohol excites the nervous system, in others it depresses.

• The brain is the fastest saturated with blood.

Therefore, it is in it that ethanol rapidly reaches its maximum concentration. Under the destructive influence of alcohol on neurons, a person becomes intoxicated. The sections of the cerebral cortex cease to interact correctly with each other, the control centers wither.

All this causes changes in human behavior. He ceases to control his actions, there are sharp mood swings. In the later stages of intoxication, a person becomes insane. He cannot maintain balance and coordination in movements, becomes aggressive and dangerous to others, speech is disturbed.

• Ethanol disrupts the work of capillaries, which contributes to the formation of blood clots.

Because of this, the nutrition of tissues with blood is complicated, causing hypoxia and dehydration. As a result, a person feels uplifted and relaxed. But soon euphoria is replaced by apathy or aggression, consciousness is confused, thoughts lose their clarity, reflexes slow down, the language is spun.

• In people who abuse alcohol for a long time, constant poisoning of the body leads to severe pathologies in the brain, up to amnesia and mental retardation.

Common in chronic alcoholics developing Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

• Chronic microbleeds in the brain under the influence of alcohol, they threaten the appearance of dangerous diseases - alcoholic encephalopathy, cerebral infarction, acute epileptiform syndrome.
• Due to prolonged intoxication, the vessels of the brain become very fragile and there is a danger of their rupture.

Especially in people with cardiovascular disease. In addition, vasospasm as a result of blood clotting disorders and thrombosis threatens with ischemic stroke of the brain and atrophy of the optic and auditory nerve.

The cardiovascular system

Alcohol has a detrimental effect on the regulation of the cardiovascular system:

1. reduces the tone of arteries and veins;
2. dilates blood vessels, but soon spasms them;
3. provokes degenerative changes in the heart muscle;
4. causes spasm of the coronary vessels.

As a result of such exposure, a chronically dependent person develops serious circulatory disorders, which leads to diseases such as heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and hypertension.

reproductive system

The negative impact of alcohol on the body affects the reproductive functions of both men and women.

If we briefly outline its detrimental effect on the reproductive system, then it can be noted that alcoholism is a common cause of promiscuity, leading to the risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases.

Its toxic effect causes the following pathologies of the genital area

In men:

1. erectile dysfunction due to a decrease in sexual desire;
2. the risk of formation of prostate adenoma;
3. testicular atrophy.

Among women:

1. menstrual irregularities;
2. inflammation of the pelvic organs;
3. premature menopause;
4. the risk of tumor formation: benign (polyps, cysts, fibroids) and malignant (breast cancer, cervical cancer).

Everyone has:

1. inflammatory processes of the genital organs, often hidden;
2. violation of the formation of germ cells, their deformation and reduced productivity;
3. hormonal disorders;
4. infertility.

In addition to destroying the health of future parents, alcohol leads to the risk of fetal pathologies and has a detrimental effect on the health of the unborn child.

Respiratory system

• Some of the breakdown products of ethanol are excreted by the body along with breathing. Passing through the lungs, these toxins dry out their surface, damage the bronchi, trachea. As a result, a person feels a lack of oxygen, asthma attacks, immunity suffers.
• Due to the fact that the weakened airways at this moment open to germs and viruses comorbidities appear. The most severe of them is an open form of tuberculosis.

In especially neglected cases, it can reach obstruction and oncogenic tumors of organs.

Gastrointestinal tract

Alcohol has a very negative effect on the digestive system. Prolonged abuse provokes:

1. metabolic disorders and loss of appetite;
2. the appearance of ulcers and inflammation in the esophagus;
3. death of liver and pancreas cells;
4. pancreatitis and diabetes.

Deficiency of nutrients due to their incomplete assimilation by the body, weakened by the action of alcohol, reduces the overall immunity, performance and resistance of an addicted person to viruses.

• Primarily from the toxic effects of alcohol the liver suffers, since it is in it that the metabolism of the incoming ethanol occurs.

With prolonged abuse, this organ cannot cope with the removal of alcohol decay products. The work of the liver is disrupted, fibrous tissue grows in it, which subsequently leads to the development of cirrhosis.

• In addition, ethanol toxic effect on the stomach and pancreas, contributes to the formation of malignant tumors in them.

• The toxic effect of ethanol on the liver can provoke other diseases - hepatitis, ascites, pathological expansion of venous vessels in the lower part of the esophagus and alcoholic hepatopathy.

In this area of ​​life, there are also inevitably many problems that are directly related to the use of alcohol. Social life of an alcohol addict deteriorates in every way:

1. the established social circle is changing to a new environment of people who abuse alcohol;
2. conflicts in the family become frequent, marriages and established relationships collapse;
3. due to a shift in vital interests, former hobbies, skills, and a desire to learn are lost;
4. efficiency and labor discipline are reduced, which ultimately ends in the loss of work;
5. a person cannot concentrate and focus on anything but alcohol.

Contrary to popular belief that beer is harmless, its consumption also contributes to the development of chronic addiction. Beer alcoholism is no less harmful to health.

• Despite the fact that beer contains alcohol in a lower concentration, its systematic use leads to sustainable addiction.

At first, the body needs a daily intake of ethanol, and later - in new doses.

• Taking beer for a long time a person develops withdrawal symptoms (withdrawal syndrome). He suffers from headache, intense thirst, tremors in his arms and legs.

And without receiving another portion of alcohol, the patient becomes nervous and impulsive.

• If alcohol abstinence lasts 2-3 days, the patient may experience alcoholic psychosis - the so-called "white tremens".

The condition is dangerous both for himself and for those around him. In this case, you must immediately call an ambulance.

• Beer negatively affects hormonal levels and reproductive functions.

Under the influence of phytoestrogens contained in this drink, the production of male hormones in the body (primarily testosterone) is suppressed, and the production of female hormones increases. In this regard, erectile and fertile functions are disturbed in men, and the physique changes to the female type.

• In women, alcohol abuse leads to rapid and persistent increase in progesterone- a hormone that affects the menstrual cycle, conception, pregnancy and its development.

In addition, women develop obesity and edema.

• The diuretic effect of beer contributes to the leaching of potassium, which is important for the health of the heart, from the body, and also puts a heavy burden on the kidneys and liver.

Prolonged beer alcoholism is no less dangerous than ordinary alcoholism. alcohol addiction This is a human disease.

The general availability of alcoholic beverages, their mass advertising in the information environment, as well as popular folk traditions - all this contributes to the fact that the growth rate of alcoholism is increasing every year.

Considering that any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, everyone needs to get acquainted with the consequences of this terrible addiction. Because not only an individual person suffers from this, but society as a whole.

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