Adult problems of young students: how to help a first grader adapt to school? How to help a first grader adjust to school.

The beginning of autumn for many parents was marked by a solemn event: the baby went to first grade. Usually, both children and parents prepare for this for a long time and hard: they attend preparatory courses and classes, undergo diagnostics on psychological readiness for school. However, nevertheless, the transition from preschool life to school does not always go smoothly, as it is accompanied by psychological and social problems. A first-grader has a new daily routine, duties, which often causes fatigue, irritability, capriciousness, disobedience. How long this difficult period will last is impossible to say unequivocally, in each family it is individual. An atmosphere should reign in the family that will help the child to integrate into school life as comfortably as possible, succeeding in the field of knowledge. After all, if you do not support a first-grader in time, then the negative of the first difficulties at school can develop into a persistent dislike for learning. How to help a little student get used to school as soon as possible, read in this article.

Adaptation to school

Adaptation to school is the transition of the child to systematic schooling and getting used to it. school conditions. Each first grader experiences this period in his own way. Before school, most of the children attended kindergarten, where every day was filled with games and play activities, walks, and daytime sleep and a leisurely daily routine did not let the kids get tired. At school, everything is different: new requirements, an intensive regimen, the need to keep up with everything. How to adapt to them? This requires strength and time, and most importantly - the understanding of parents that this is necessary.

It is generally accepted that the adaptation of a first-grader lasts from the first 10-15 days to several months. This is influenced by many factors, such as the specifics of the school, and its level of preparedness for school, the volume of workload and the level of complexity educational process other. And here you can not do without the help of a teacher and relatives: parents and grandparents.

Difficulties

Teach your child how to communicate with classmates. Explain how important it is to be polite, attentive to peers - and communication at school will only be a joy.

Psychological

For successful psychological adaptation a friendly and calm atmosphere in the family is important. Don't forget to relax, play quiet games, walk.

Create an atmosphere of well-being in the family. Love the child.
Build your child's self-esteem.
Do not forget that your child is a value in itself for parents.
Be interested in the school, ask the child about the events of each day.
Spend time with your child after school.
Do not allow physical measures to influence the child.
Consider the character and temperament of the child - only an individual approach. Observe what he does better and faster, and where help should be given, prompted.
Give the first grader independence in organizing their own learning activities. Control appropriately.
Encourage the student for various successes - not only for academic ones. Encourage him to reach his goals.

Physiological

During the period of adaptation to school, the child's body is exposed to stress. Medical statistics show that among first-graders there are always children who lose weight as soon as they have studied the first quarter, some children show low arterial pressure, and some have high. Headaches, whims, neurotic states are not a complete list of physiological problems that can happen to your child.

Before you reproach the child for being lazy and shirking from school duties, remember what health problems he has. Nothing complicated - just be attentive to your baby.

What to advise the parents of a first-grader from a physiological point of view?

Form a first grader's daily routine, different from the preschooler's daily routine, gradually.
Make it a rule to follow the change of activities at home.
Do not forget about regular physical education minutes when doing homework.
Make sure the student's posture is correct.
Properly illuminate the place where the child does homework.
Follow proper nutrition first grader. On the recommendation of a doctor - give vitamin preparations.
Activate the physical activity of the child,.
Adhere to the rules of healthy sleep for the child - at least 9.5 hours.
Limit your viewing of TV shows and computer games.
Cultivate a child's will and independence.

"It is interesting! The norm for doing homework with a first grader is 40 minutes.

Social

Children who did not attend kindergarten may have trouble communicating with classmates. In kindergarten, the child goes through a process of socialization, where he acquires communication skills and ways to build relationships in a team. At school, the teacher does not always pay attention to this. That is why your child will again need the help of parents.

Be attentive to your child's messages about his relationships with classmates. Try to help good advice, look for the answer in the psychological and pedagogical literature. Try to tell him how to overcome the conflict situation. Support the parents of those children with whom your baby has a relationship. Notify the teacher of disturbing situations. Remember how important it is to protect your own child, as well as teach him to overcome obstacles himself.

Teach your child to be a person: to have their own opinion, to prove it, but to be tolerant of the opinions of others.

The Golden Rule of Education. A child needs love the most at the time when he least deserves it.”

So if you become happy parent first-grader, then simple tips will help you on how to easily survive such a crucial moment as adaptation to school:

Do not disregard such a crucial moment as the beginning of school life. Help the child in overcoming the period of adaptation to school, support him, provide the necessary conditions living and studying and you will see with what ease he will learn, and how his abilities will be revealed.

Tips for parents

How to help your child adjust to school

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As a rule, the parents of a first-grader are most concerned about issues related to their studies. this is certainly important, but the main parental task during this period is to help the child adapt to school.

although for most children going to school is a joyful event that they are looking forward to (because for them it means becoming almost adults), for any child this event is a lot of stress, and it takes time to adapt to such a global change in their lives .

manifestations of stress

first graders are under stress. it happens in different ways. often this can be seen with the naked eye: the child becomes lethargic, pale, he may have headaches or abdominal pain, sleep is disturbed, he often gets sick.

Parents do not always understand that changes in their child's behavior are a consequence of stress. the child may begin whims and tantrums, or he suddenly begins to be rude and rude to his parents. if this happened in the first months of attending school, you should not write off such behavior as "".

It should be borne in mind that not always stressful manifestations are clearly negative. often stress manifests itself in the fact that the child becomes surprisingly disciplined: without reminders in the evening he collects a portfolio, jumps out of bed immediately after the alarm goes off, strives to come to school half an hour before the start of classes. parents rejoice: “wonderful! went to school and immediately matured!” but one should not fall into illusions. such responsibility and discipline, which was unusual for a child before, indicates that he is very worried and worried.

Parents during this period should be especially sensitive and careful towards their child. any changes in their baby's behavior should be a warning signal for them, because our task is not only to ensure that our children receive a good education, but also that they maintain their physical and mental health.

adaptation to school takes from 2 to 6 months. let's talk about how to help the child go through the period of adaptation to school with the least loss.

leave it for an extension?

in each family, this issue is resolved, of course, in accordance with the capabilities of the family itself, and yet, if there is at least some possibility, then in the first months it is better that the baby goes home immediately after school.

if you are working, you can try to go part-time for a couple of months. maybe your grandmother or some other relative can help you? or will you arrange with a retired neighbor to pick up the child from school? if possible, hire a nanny for a couple of months. if you or your dad have a vacation, then it’s better to take it now so that at least during the first weeks the child can not attend an after-school program.

if this is not possible, then be sure to get to know the teacher of the extended day group better in the very first days and carefully look at her attitude towards children.

do not rely on the fact that the school you sent your child to has a good reputation.

even in a good school, high demands are usually made on teachers, and not on the tutors of the GPD, so everything depends on the personality of a particular educator. someone treats his wards with a soul, seeks to organize for them Interesting games communicates kindly.

but there are also those who allow themselves to yell at children or can “forget” the child on the street, and in response to a parent’s complaint, takes out the offense on the child - only he forbids him to leave the classroom for the whole time until the parents come (I know such a case). it is obvious that during the period of the child's adaptation to school, being "under the wing" of such a teacher is simply contraindicated.

exercise stress

We know how important physical activity is for a child's development. and it is precisely her that is sorely lacking in the child at school! before school, the kid was almost constantly in motion, and now he is forced to sit still in the classroom, and for several hours in a row.

breaks do not count, firstly, they are short, and secondly, usually at school, children are not allowed to run or play too active games during the break. two physical education lessons a week also do not make up for the lack of physical activity. as a result, the child becomes tired of immobility, which gradually becomes chronic.

in addition, during this period, the child experiences a high nervous and mental load, and in this situation, physical activity is the first "medicine".

be sure to organize the child's leisure in such a way that he compensates for his long sitting at the desk. it can be swimming, cycling or ordinary outdoor games in the yard. average, a child of this age should be in active movement for at least 2 hours a day.

if possible, it is better to walk to school and back. and if the school is located nearby, you can leave early so that, after making a small detour, you can walk an extra 15 minutes.

Fresh air

It has been observed that children attending school walk an average of 15 minutes a day. Agree, when you see such a figure, you feel bitterness. after all, a first grader is still small, and he needs to be in the fresh air just like a preschooler. a child whose nervous system is under stress from the loads that have fallen on him, this is doubly necessary.

Now, in connection with the new, school, mode, morning walks are canceled, so in the afternoon it is advisable to fit 2 walks. it is best to arrange the first walk 20 minutes after dinner, and the second one before going to bed, instead of sitting at a computer or TV. Moreover, the child usually lacks communication alone with mom or dad, and walking before going to bed, you can talk heart to heart and play a little. so such a walk would serve two purposes at once.

On weekends and holidays, try to walk with your child in the same mode as it happened before school: in the morning and in the evening, for about 1.5 hours, and in good weather for 2 hours.

dream

It is very important that during this period the child gets enough sleep. if the child experiences a lack of sleep, then he will “fill up” in the first two lessons. it is clear that the effectiveness of training under such circumstances will not be too high.

If the child is used to sleeping during the day, then put him to an afternoon nap.

A child of this age should sleep approximately 11 hours a day. try to get him to bed no later than 9 o'clock in the evening.

Try not to play noisy exciting games or play on the computer before going to bed.

Before going to bed, give him a relaxing massage, offer to take a warm bath. A very good relaxing remedy is a cup of warm milk, drunk before going to bed.

A sleepy child meets the morning in a joyful mood. if your child looks gloomy or lethargic in the morning, then the hours allotted for sleep are not enough for him.

Organize your child's routine so that he has enough time before going to school. the child should not feel rushed and nervous, he should calmly put himself in order, have breakfast and tune in to the “working day”.

hometasks

according to the law, first-graders cannot be assigned to work on their homework in the first half of the year, but not all teachers adhere to this. so a few suggestions on this topic.

The second peak of brain activity occurs at 14-17 hours (the first - from 9 to 12 in the morning), therefore homework perform better during this period of time.

Before doing homework, the child must not only have lunch, but also take a walk without fail.

A first grader should not sit on homework for more than an hour. if this does not work, then it makes sense to talk to the teacher.

It happens that in primary school children are given so much homework that there is no need to talk about a reasonable time for its completion. sometimes in this work, to be honest, there is no serious need (for example, the student already writes well, but the teacher insists that all workbooks be filled out in writing). let's say you see that the child has been diligently sitting at the lessons for an hour, obviously already tired, but then it turns out that you still need to learn a poem for the holiday. in this case, I think it is not a sin to help him. by this you will not make the child lazy, but you will preserve his health and will not instill an aversion to learning.

It is best to start homework with reading, and then do the rest of the subjects. this will help the child to tune in to the performance of tasks in other subjects. if the baby wants to start with a task that is this moment seems to him more interesting, then parents need to give him complete freedom in this matter.

Give your child 10 minutes of breaks while doing homework. and let him get used to the fact that a home “break” is not a seat in front of a TV or computer. it is best if he jumps, somersaults or dances.

studies

try to worry less about this topic during this period. be interested in your child's studies, but in moderation.

do not forget that it is very difficult for a first grader during the whole school day be attentive, diligent and accurate. therefore, do not be discouraged if at first he forgets something or does not have time, the sticks in the copybooks will be uneven, and the numbers will be written the other way around. a normally developing, healthy child will certainly eventually learn to read, count and write.

teachers are well aware that a girl who does well in elementary school can later turn out to be a very mediocre student, and, conversely, a boy who had difficulty writing penmanship can win all the Olympiads in mathematics and physics in high school.

at this age, the most important thing is to maintain interest in learning and learning new things.

Under no circumstances should you reproach your child for not being good at something, or for listening to or forgetting something.

Don't compare his school performance to other kids' or your own when you were his age, for better or worse.

Do not frighten him with deuces, which he will receive if he does not learn to write, count, and in general be attentive and assiduous, as a diligent student is supposed to be.

Do not tell horror stories, such as "you will study poorly, you will become a janitor."

Don't reward (let alone punish) academic achievement.

But be interested in what the baby has learned, celebrate with joy if he managed to do something well. ask what interesting things he learned today, what he drew at the drawing lesson, what he played with friends at recess. If your child shares something they heard in class that they found interesting, try to develop the topic, for example, tell something more interesting about it.

One hundred parents of first-graders now connect one more argument to their instructions: “shame on you, you got all dirty! You are big - you go to school! or it becomes a new argument for some kind of restrictions or motives: “Give in to your little sister. You're a student now! sometimes parents believe that, having become a first-grader, the child has moved “to a different rank” and therefore must give up some of his childhood habits.

in fact, the first grader is already suffering from the fact that a whole heap of new rules, requirements and duties have fallen on him, and they are not fully understood and not known to him.

it is hard for the kid to cope with this burden, he worries and worries, being in this new school life, and from time to time he needs to feel like a small child who does not owe anything to anyone.

1) in the first months of adaptation to school, give your child the opportunity to feel small if he wants to: sit on your lap, read long-known and favorite poems or fairy tales, crawl along the floor with him, playing with cars or dolls, allow him to fall asleep in your bed, etc.

2) do not appeal to the fact that he is now a schoolboy and "big". you will not argue with the fact that a person cannot grow up or change suddenly, just because he now has a new role (a young wife will not become a wonderful housewife the next day after the wedding). the child will not become more conscious from such words, but under the yoke of such appeals it will be harder for him to get used to the new load.

3) during this period, reduce the level of normal requirements for the child.

4) in addition to new school responsibilities, do not burden the child with other new requirements, except for those that are related to the school and are mandatory. for example, coming to school by the beginning of the lessons is a mandatory requirement (conditionally), but preparing clothes for tomorrow is not yet mandatory.

5) during these few months of adaptation to school, postpone visiting additional circles and sections if they are not sports.

6) if you notice that the child is tired, do not be afraid to leave him for one day at home, or let him not do homework. To avoid misunderstandings, warn the teacher with a call or a note.

7) to make the kid feel more confident at school, give him his favorite toys (but not the most favorite ones, as they can be lost at school).

8) give the child mobile phone so that at any time he can contact you, and you can help him cope with the problem that has arisen.

9) for the psychological comfort of the child, it is very important that he has friends and acquaintances in the new community. talk with the child himself, the teacher, observe how the child communicates with classmates.

If you are convinced that your child needs help in this matter, then provide it:

Help the children exchange phone numbers;

Give your child a small treat for new friends: sweets, gummies, etc.

Give your child small interesting toys with you so that it is easier for him to join the game with one of the other children during the break.

Material for the lesson.

The period of adaptation of the child to school usually lasts from 4 to 7 weeks. During this period, the student gets used to the features school regime. A first-grader not only has to wake up and get up on time, but also needs to sit still in all lessons, get used to the fact that the lesson lasts 45 minutes, and homework must be done at home. Without proper habits, the child develops excessive fatigue, missed classes. It is necessary that teachers and parents clearly and clearly express the new requirements for the life of the child, constantly monitor their implementation, even though most children by the age of 6-7 are psychophysiologically prepared to form the appropriate habits.

In the first few months, the child has adaptation to the school community, those. to the teacher, to their new comrades - classmates. Often a first-grader is lost in a new school environment for him, cannot immediately get to know the children, feels lonely. With all possible friendliness and benevolence on the part of the teacher, he nevertheless acts as an authoritative and strict mentor, putting forward certain rules of behavior and suppressing any deviations from them. He constantly evaluates the work of children. His position is such that the child cannot help but feel some timidity when communicating with him. The teacher must make the same demands on all children and at the same time carefully observe the individual characteristics of the fulfillment of these requirements by different children. On the basis of such a special study of children, one can choose one or another specific method of influencing them, the purpose of which is to instill in all first-graders the habit of calm, restrained behavior in the classroom, observing the general pace of training sessions.

An important goal of educational work in the first months of a child's stay at school is to instill in him the feeling that the class, and then the school, is not a group of people alien to him, but a benevolent and sensitive team.

As the child enters school, it changes child's position in the family. There are new responsibilities and new rights. A first-grader should have his own study place, where he can do his homework in a relaxed atmosphere. Family members should be sympathetic to the child's new daily routine.

Difficulties in adapting a child to school include the parents' sometimes fear of school, the fear that the child will be ill at school, the fear that the child will catch a cold and get sick at school. In other cases, some parents, on the contrary, expect excessively from the child. high results, achievements, therefore, whenever he can’t cope with something, he doesn’t know how, they actively demonstrate their dissatisfaction with him, thereby giving rise to a feeling of self-doubt, anxiety, fear and unwillingness to learn.

18. Psychological characteristics of educational activities.

A child really becomes a schoolboy when he acquires an appropriate internal position, he is included in the educational activity as the most significant for him, which happens due to a change in the social situation of the child's development, guided by the social value of what he does.

In primary school age, learning activity becomes the leading one. This is an unusually difficult activity, which will be given a lot of time and effort - 10 or 11 years of life. Naturally, she has a certain structure. Let us briefly consider the components of educational activity in accordance with the ideas of D.B. Elkonin.

The first component is motivation. Educational activity is polymotivated - it is stimulated and directed by various educational motives.

D.B. Elkonin calls them learning-cognitive motives. They are based on the cognitive need and the need for self-development. This is an interest in the content side of educational activity, in what is being studied, and an interest in the process of activity - how, in what ways results are achieved, educational tasks are solved. The child must be motivated not only by the result, but also by the process of learning activities. It is also a motive for one's own growth, self-improvement, development of one's abilities.

The second component is learning task, those. a system of tasks in which the child masters the most common methods of action. The learning task must be distinguished from individual tasks. Usually, children, when solving many specific problems, spontaneously discover for themselves a general way of solving them, and this way turns out to be conscious to a different extent in different students, and they make mistakes when solving similar problems. Developmental learning involves the joint "discovery" and formulation by children and the teacher of a common way to solve a whole class of problems. In this case, the general method is assimilated as a model and is more easily transferred to other tasks of this class, educational work becomes more productive, and errors are less common and the connection between changes in form and meaning disappears faster.

Training operations are included in the course of action. Operations and the learning task are considered to be the main link in the structure of learning activities.

Each training operation must be worked out.

The fourth component is control. Initially academic work The children are supervised by the teacher. But gradually they begin to control it themselves, learning this partly spontaneously, partly under the guidance of a teacher.

The last stage of control - grade. It can be considered the fifth component of the structure of learning activities. The child, controlling his work, must learn and adequately evaluate it.

ADAPTATION OF THE CHILD TO SCHOOL

The transition from preschool childhood to school life is one of the turning points in the mental development of the child. This is a serious test for most children, associated with a drastic change in the whole way of life. They must get used to the team, to new requirements, to everyday duties.

The leading activity of a preschooler is a game. It is a voluntary activity. Having crossed the threshold of the school, the child must move on to the activity of learning,changing the motives of behavior. This activity, in comparison with play, makes new demands on the development of the child, a new type of his relationship both in the family and at school.

The beginning of schooling coincides with the intensive mental development. Formation in progress cognitive activity, various types of memory, verbal and logical thinking develop.

Thus, entering the first grade, the child begins new life. Now he has a new social status - he is a student. As a rule, children strive to become schoolchildren: they go to school with great interest and readiness to complete educational tasks. But for many of them, the school requirements are too difficult and the routine is too strict. For these children, the transition to school can be traumatic.

Adaptation is a natural state of a person, manifested in fixture(accustoming) to new conditions of life, new activities, new social contacts, new social roles. The meaning of this entry period into a life situation unusual for children is manifested in the fact that not only success depends on its course learning activities, but also the comfort of being at school, and most importantly, the health of the child, his attitude to school and learning.

The process of adapting a child to school can be divided into several stages, each of which has its own characteristics.

First stage - indicative, characterized violent reaction and significant stress in almost all body systems. Lasts two to three weeks.

Second phase - an unstable adaptation, when the body seeks and finds some optimal options for reactions to these influences. At the second stage, costs are reduced, the violent reaction begins to subside.

Third stage - a period of relatively stable adaptation, when the body finds the most suitable options for responding to the load, requiring less stress on all systems. The possibilities of the child's body are far from limitless, and prolonged stress and the overwork associated with it can cost the child's body health.

There are groups of children who give

easy adaptation, moderate and heavy.

First group children adapt to school during the first two months of training. These children relatively quickly join the team, get used to school, make new friends in the class; they almost always have a good mood, they are benevolent, conscientiously and without visible tension fulfill all the requirements of the teacher. Sometimes they have difficulties either in contacts with children or in relations with the teacher, since it is still difficult for them to fulfill all the requirements of the rules of conduct. But by the end of October, there is a development with a new status of a student, and with new requirements, and with a new regime. This light form of adaptation.

Second group children has a long period of adaptation, the period of non-compliance of their behavior with the requirements of the school is delayed: children cannot accept the situation of learning, communication with the teacher, children. As a rule, these children experience difficulties in mastering the curriculum. Only by the end of the first half of the year, the reactions of these children become adequate to the school requirements. This is the form middle gravity adaptation.

Third group - children whose social and psychological adaptation is associated with significant difficulties; in addition, they do not master the curriculum, they have negative forms of behavior, a sharp manifestation of negative emotions. It is these children that teachers and parents most often complain about. This heavy form of adaptation. Constant failure in studies, lack of contact with the teacher create alienation and negative attitudes of peers. Among these children there may be those who need special treatment - students with neuropsychiatric disorders, but there may also be students who are not ready for learning. If you do not understand the causes of bad behavior in time, do not correct the difficulties of adaptation, then all together can lead to a breakdown, further developmental delay and adversely affect the child's health. One way or another, bad behavior is an alarm signal, a reason to take a closer look at the student and, together with parents, understand the reasons for the difficulty of adapting to school.

Adaptation of children begins in preschool age and is defined by the term "introduction of the child into school life". Every child needs to attend preschool (preschool educational institution). It is in kindergarten that children acquire communication experience, skills of their own initiative, and become familiar with cultural values. Preschool education provides the foundation for the development of the child, which will allow him to further master different areas of knowledge.

Everyone knows that on the basis of many schools, structural units for pre-school education of children have been opened (our parents call it “kindergarten at the school”), one of the goals of which issuccessful adaptation of the child to school.Graduates structural unit well adapted to all school conditions. They have wonderful spacious playrooms, bedrooms, classrooms. They are regular visitors to the assembly and sports halls, music class. The school corridor - their way to the cafeteria - is also familiar to them. teachers primary school have an excellent opportunity to communicate with their future students and their parents, to work closely with the educators of the structural unit.

My current students (14 people) are the first graduates of our kindergarten at the school. For a more successful adaptation, I got to know the children in advance: I attended their classes, chose a program that was as close as possible to the one they were studying, invited the children to my class, met with their parents at meetings, held open classes with children and their parents. This is a huge job, but thanks to the cooperation of educators, primary school teachers and an educational psychologist, it was easy.

I would like to note that in almost all children the adaptation took place in a mild form, and only in a few - in the middle. This is the first time in my teaching practice. Preschoolers who came to our class from other kindergartens (4 people) easily joined the team, but their adaptation was a little difficult. Most importantly, the incidence of children from the structural unit is much lower than that of graduates of other kindergartens, because the children have already adapted to the new conditions and to each other. And the health of children, both physical and mental, is the basis of successful schooling, which is dear to every parent and teacher.

Many pass on this fear to their children, who are yet to learn what school is. And the child considers the upcoming changes in his life as something interesting and unknown. Indeed, in terms of its physiological characteristics, a child at this age is more inquisitive than you and I, adults. So let's figure out how we can't extinguish that spark of interest in a child's soul even before school days. We have a whole summer ahead of us.

, compare the school system with the kindergarten, drawing parallels between the child's personal qualities and his future failures in school. Without realizing it, adults, with their fears and parting words “with the best of intentions”, create a negative program for the child of his school life. Each adult has his own (successful or less successful) school experience, and the child will acquire his own. The duty of parents is to protect and help the child in overcoming difficulties along the way. After all, there were funny moments among school days! Your stories about this will only benefit, help relieve the child's tension in front of an unknown future. Funny stories of famous writers, such as V. Dragunsky, V. Golyavkin, E. Uspensky, will also help you.

The home training system operates taking into account the personal qualities of the child, and this is its advantage. Everyone knows the feeling when, after a long rest, you have to rebuild your daily routine and change habits in a hurry. This is always given with great difficulty and causes a natural rejection of impending changes. If we start You can avoid stress and embrace change in a positive way. Also with the preparation of the child for school, it is better to start it from the first month of summer vacation.

Ø organization;

Ø development of communication skills;

Ø independence;

Ø development of learning skills;

Children go through this stage at different speeds; for many, the peak of the crisis falls in the first months of schooling or just in the summer months. It is difficult for a child to control his emotions about entering school, and they are quite diverse. Often there are situations when children begin to actively protest against their growing up, this is manifested both in behavior (imitation of toddlers) and in physiology (urinary and fecal incontinence, speech problems, etc.). Parents should not shame the fidget, especially in the presence of strangers, set him as an example the children of his friends. Everyone goes through this stage differently, but in order to

Games are a great way to get to know your own child better. You can start a good evening tradition of educational board games for children 6-7 years old. It is better to play with the whole family to create a competitive spirit. To develop the child’s vocabulary, you can periodically play “words” with him, this also develops quick wits. Interest in the upcoming studies can be warmed up by role-playing games at school. Trying on the role of a teacher, the child shows his knowledge to adults, and in the role of a student he acquires new knowledge much easier than in a real school.

For this, role-playing games in the store, walking around real stores in order to learn to count are suitable. Everyday mathematics is well mastered everywhere in everyday situations: count the number of berries on a bunch of grapes, clothespins on a rope, divide sweets, dumplings, etc. equally among family members. Arithmetic problems about pies or pieces of a pie, which must be divided equally among all family members, will help the child easily solve abstract math problems for the entire course of elementary school.

You can allocate 15-20 minutes a day for this. It is better to start from the first month of summer, because it takes at least twenty-one days to consolidate stable habits. Acting in accordance with the temperament of the child, methodically and purposefully, you can achieve good results by September.

This feeling is very important in order to make it easier for the child to get used to the school routine. Of course, it is still difficult for a seven-year-old to navigate by minutes, so “special hours” will come to the rescue. This is a watch with a dial, on which, instead of numbers, there will be pictures depicting actions that need to be done at this time of day. In the manufacture of such watches, you can show creativity, ideas are easy to find on the Internet. To make the clock work, you can insert a real mechanism into it, and periodically draw the child's attention to the movement of the hands in a circle. If he is interested in the meaning of the numbers in hours, you can tell him the basics, teach him to determine the time in hours and minutes. In order to teach a child to be organized, you can introduce him to thematic fairy tales, for example, you can read to him “The Tale of Lost Time” by E. Schwartz.

This moment is the most difficult and necessary for the development in the child of independence and the skill of self-service, which is so necessary in school life.

At 6-7 years of age, the child is already capable of doing some household chores. It is necessary to highlight the range of responsibilities that the child must do independently. Let at first it will be one or two things, but you need to make sure that their implementation becomes a habit in the child. It is good if a child at this age has a pet. Then you can entrust him with the right to feed your pet daily and monitor the condition of his home (tray, toilet). It is not necessary for a child to clean up the animal’s feces, but he, as the owner, can monitor the situation and inform an adult in time about the need for cleaning.

Also, it is necessary to allocate to the child the area for which he is responsible when cleaning the house. It can be a corner with his toys, where he establishes his own order, which cannot be interfered with. It is not so important how clean it will be in this area, although it is also necessary to accustom the child to cleanliness and neatness, but this will come with time. The main task is to form in the child a sense of responsibility for things that are in the zone of his attention. A personal example is also important, so parents themselves need to competently distribute household chores among themselves and not be lazy to fulfill them on time.

Prepare your child psychologically for academic success in school. The rest of the teachers will help you.

Good luck dear parents!!!

Primary school teacher of the highest category

MBOU secondary school No. 4, Vyazma, Smolensk region

Maksimova Valentina Sergeevna

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How to help your child adjust to school life more easily.

At the end of May, graduations are held in kindergartens, a sonorous summer is ahead. But the parents of future first-graders are worried, they are frightened by the unknown: how will my son or daughter adapt to school conditions? Parents experience natural excitement associated with the entry of the child into the ranks of first graders. modern school causes fear. Lately on everyone’s lips are the Federal State Educational Standards, TESTS, MONITORINGS, EXAMS and other “horror stories” like: “School is not a kindergarten, they will force you to obey, everything is strict there!” Many adults pass on these doubts and fears to their children and grandchildren, who are yet to learn what a school is.
Many pass on this fear to their children, who are yet to learn what school is. And the child considers the upcoming changes in his life as something interesting and unknown. Indeed, in terms of its physiological characteristics, a child at this age is more inquisitive than you and I, adults. So let's figure out how we can't extinguish that spark of interest in a child's soul even before school days. We have a whole summer ahead of us.

You can not set the child negatively, compare the school system with the kindergarten, drawing parallels between the child's personal qualities and his future failures in school. Without realizing it, adults, with their fears and parting words “with the best of intentions”, create a negative program for the child of his school life. Each adult has his own (successful or less successful) school experience, and the child will acquire his own. The duty of parents is to protect and help the child in overcoming difficulties along the way. After all, there were funny moments among school days! Your stories about this will only benefit, help relieve the child's tension in front of an unknown future. Funny stories of famous writers, such as V. Dragunsky, V. Golyavkin, E. Uspensky, will also help you.

What should be paid special attention to?

The home training system operates taking into account the personal qualities of the child, and this is its advantage. Everyone knows the feeling when, after a long rest, you have to rebuild your daily routine and change habits in a hurry. This is always given with great difficulty and causes a natural rejection of impending changes. If we startpreparing for the upcoming changes in advance and graduallyYou can avoid stress and embrace change in a positive way. Also with the preparation of the child for school, it is better to start it from the first month of summer vacation.

Preparation of the child for school is carried out in several directions.:

organization;
development of communication skills;
independence;
development of learning skills;

Emphasis should be placed on the development of the personality of the child.Primary school teachers note that modern children change very quickly, are highly mobile in education, and can fill gaps in their knowledge very quickly. But to teach a child to communicate with other children, to develop in him the best personal qualities that will help successful learning and adaptation in the school environment is the task of parents, not teachers. At home, you can develop a child's independence, sense of time, the ability to defend their interests and many other skills that will help him overcome the crisis of the first year of study.
At the age of 6-7 years, significant physiological and psychological changes occur in the child's body.Children go through this stage at different speeds; for many, the peak of the crisis falls in the first months of schooling or just in the summer months. It is difficult for a child to control his emotions about entering school, and they are quite diverse. Often there are situations when children begin to actively protest against their growing up, this is manifested both in behavior (imitation of toddlers) and in physiology (urinary and fecal incontinence, speech problems, etc.). Parents should not shame the fidget, especially in the presence of strangers, set him as an example the children of his friends. Everyone goes through this stage differently, but in order toto help a preschooler move to a new stage of development, you need to accustom him to innovations gradually.The desire to remain forever in a carefree childhood is based on uncertainty and fear of the future. Therefore, there is no need to climb to the child with endless “needs”, it is better to expand the range of his duties, but at the same time leave room for his interests. Sometimes you can fool around with him, devote more time to joint games, communication with your family.
So, gradually, unobtrusively, we prepare the child for the new status of his life, albeit not a long one, the path:

Exciting games to consolidate acquired knowledge and master new ones.

Develop a child's sense of time.