Life does not stand still and constantly makes new demands on the level of training and work suitability of workers. Any specialist should periodically be ready to test their own professional skills. Teachers, educators and other workers in the education system are no exception.
From 01/01/2011, the procedure for certification of kindergarten and school teachers has changed.
What happened?
As you know, there is certification mandatory and voluntary. The task of the first is to confirm the compliance of the teacher with the position he occupies. The second takes place when it comes to raising the qualification category.
According to the rules in force before, if a teacher wanted to increase his salary, he, on his own initiative, filed an application with a request to assign one of the categories - the highest, first or second. This was done by the leadership of the children's institution or the educational authority.
Later, the second category as such was canceled. Certification began to be managed by educational authorities at the level of a subject of the Russian Federation. Most importantly, this procedure is now mandatory. Once every five years, absolutely all teachers, regardless of their length of service, regardless of their own desire, must pass it in order to confirm their compliance with the position they occupy.
Who needs a category
Certification of a kindergarten teacher for the first category (or higher) is optional. Those who wish to receive it have the right to apply accordingly. Its purpose is to be certified. That is, they established the correspondence of the professional level of the categories. Any of them is assigned for a period of 5 years, then requires an extension in the same manner.
If the qualification of the teacher is not confirmed in a timely manner, it is automatically reduced. What then?
A former employee of the first category will have to re-apply for certification (in order to restore it).
What if he doesn't? In this case, among others, to be certified for confirmation of conformity.
Anyone who has lost the highest will have to "go through" all over again. First, certification of the educator for category 1 will be required. And not earlier than after two years he will have the right to pass on the highest.
Categories received before the specified date (01/01/2011) are valid until the end of the assignment period. But the old position - after 20 years the second category remains forever - is now abolished. These educators will also have to confirm their aptitude every five years.
What is certification
Consider both its types - mandatory and voluntary.
The first, as already mentioned, must take place once every five years. Its purpose is to confirm that the teacher corresponds to his position. All employees who do not have categories and have no desire to receive them are required to pass it.
Those who hold positions for no more than 2 years, mothers on maternity leave and pregnant women are exempted from certification. The due date for them will come no earlier than two years after the end of the leave granted to care for the child.
Presentation of the educator for certification is made by the employer. If a teacher occupies several positions at once in one institution, and is not certified for any of them, then it is possible for all at once.
If he works part-time in different places, then each employer is authorized to send him for certification.
How are documents submitted?
The submission to the teacher is drawn up by the employer according to the established model. The document contains all the necessary information for certification of the educator, a detailed comprehensive assessment of the employee's professional skills and the quality of his work in the position. In addition, there is information about all advanced training courses taken and the results of past certifications.
The teacher is introduced to the performance a month before the test against signature. The documents are submitted by the employer to the attestation commission of the relevant subject of the Russian Federation, where the date, time and place of the certification are set. The term of its passage should not be more than two months.
How does it go?
Certification of senior and other employees is carried out in accordance with the established procedure. In the course of it, to confirm the qualifications, the subjects are subjected to written examinations or computer testing. Their purpose is to identify the level of proficiency in professional methods of modern education, to confirm the valuable experience of the teacher of preschool educational institutions and the level of their own competence.
The decision taken by the commission is drawn up in the form of a protocol and entered into the employee's certification sheet. The latter is kept in the personal file of the teacher.
If the certification is passed successfully, the commission's verdict is "corresponding to the position held." Otherwise, "does not match".
If you're out of luck
In the latter case, the employer has the legal right to terminate the contract with the employee, but is not obliged to do so. He may suggest that he go to advanced training courses and then re-certify.
Instead of dismissal, the employee can and should be transferred, with his consent, to another position (lower position), if there is a vacancy. They also do not have the right to deprive a temporarily disabled person of work, a pregnant woman and a woman with children under 3 years old, or a single mother with a child under 14 years old or a disabled child.
Voluntary certification
It is organized to assign the first (or highest) category at the initiative of the employee and on the basis of his application. Its purpose is to establish the compliance of the teacher's qualification with the requirements of the declared category.
Employees who do not yet have any are entitled to apply for the first one. Or those whose validity period of the previously received 1 category is coming to an end. For the highest - those who received the first two or more years ago, as well as those who wish to extend the existing one.
An application for attestation of a teacher is submitted by the teacher independently at any time. In order for the previous one not to expire during the period of its consideration, it is recommended to submit it in advance - 3 months in advance.
How to draw up documents correctly
Their complete package should include an application for certification according to the model, the last certification sheet (photocopy) - if available, a completed new sheet, a portfolio of achievements. For the compilation of the latter, there are methodological recommendations.
Documents submitted to the commission for attestation of a local subject of the Russian Federation are usually considered for about a month, then a place and date are set. It should only take place within a certain period of time.
Certification of preschool teachers is carried out in strict accordance with existing rules and regulations. What are the requirements for each of the qualification categories?
Certification of a kindergarten teacher for the first category
The teacher must have modern technologies education and be able to use them effectively in practice. Demonstrate the accumulated experience of the teacher of the preschool educational institution. Prove your own personal contribution to quality improvement by improving the methods used. Show the results of mastering the programs by pupils and the dynamics of achievements.
Certification for the highest category of educator: requirements are growing
It requires the presence of the first qualification category, the successful application in practice of new educational methods and technologies, a demonstration of the development of practiced programs by pupils. The results should be stable, and the indicators of the dynamics of success should be above the average level of the subject of the Russian Federation.
The educator will have to demonstrate his personal contribution to the improvement of educational and educational methods, improving the quality of education. And also - the possession of new technologies and the dissemination of personal professional experience.
Pass order
Certification of a kindergarten teacher for the first category, as well as for the highest, is carried out in a certain way. His professional achievements, designed in the form of a portfolio, are presented for examination.
Qualification testing takes place at a meeting of the attestation commission, which is conducted both with the teacher and without his participation. A record of the intention to attend the discussion must be included in the assessment application in advance. If after that, for some reason, he does not appear at the meeting, the commission has the right to consider his documents in absentia.
The decision taken is recorded in the protocol, as well as in the employee's certification sheet. After that, it is approved by a higher authority - at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. The results (an extract from the act of this body and an attestation sheet) are transferred to the employer.
And then what?
If the certification of a kindergarten teacher for the first category (or the highest) was successful, and a decision was made on compliance with the necessary requirements, the date of assignment of the corresponding category is considered the day the decision was made by the commission. From the same moment, the teacher will be produced at a new rate.
A record that a certain category has been assigned is mandatory in the work book.
In case of "failure" of certification, a decision "does not meet the requirements" is made. Then those who applied for the first category remain without it and are required to be certified for compliance with the position they occupy.
Those who have not passed the highest qualification have the first category until the end of the current period. Then the teacher has the right to try again to "earn" the highest category, or he will have to confirm the first one.
Appealing the results of attestation
The right to such an appeal is documented. This is done by filing an application with the labor dispute commission or even with the court, and in the latter case it is important to do this within three months from the date of certification.
But in practice, such situations rarely happen. As a rule, teachers submit documents for certification, being thoroughly prepared - having thoroughly studied all the necessary requirements, having prepared a competent and worthy portfolio and being completely confident in their own abilities.
Illustration — Anna Lukyanova.
The profession of educator appeared in the 19th century. Due to the fact that a woman began to engage in social work, it became necessary to create a network of preschool institutions. In the process of developing the system of kindergartens, a new profession appeared - a teacher of preschool education. And in modern society, this is one of the most important professions. Of course, no one can replace a child's communication with parents, but the reality of our life is such that modern parents, grandparents most time busy at work. Therefore, the teacher teaches the child independence, the rules of behavior, it is the educator who prepares for school.
Educator of preschool education is not just a profession, but a vocation and everyday great work. Many very quickly leave this profession, because they do not see themselves in it.
Where Can You Get a Career as an Early Childhood Educator?
In modern society, serious requirements are imposed on the teacher of preschool education. Therefore, the kindergarten teacher must have a special education. Secondary vocational education can be obtained at the Pedagogical College. Or you need to undergo appropriate training at a pedagogical institute or university at the faculty of preschool pedagogy and psychology. Get an education in educational institutions it is possible for full-time or part-time education on the basis of incomplete secondary and secondary education. In addition, training is possible on a budgetary and paid basis.
In any preschool institution, not only a specialist with a diploma of secondary or higher vocational education, but also specialist with additional specialization. For example, an instructor physical education, speech therapist, art specialist and others.
What are the duties of an educator?
In a number normative documents The responsibilities of the teacher are clearly defined. These are legal documents such as:
- an employment contract concluded by the preschool teacher and the employer;
- job description;
- sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13.
In accordance with these documents, the teacher of preschool education will perform his duties.
The current stage of development of preschool education is characterized by the rapid pace of introduction of innovative technologies into the practice of kindergartens. The federal state educational standards (FSES) that are being put into practice impose certain requirements on the structure of the general education program and the four educational areas identified in it (communicative-personal, cognitive-speech, artistic-aesthetic, and the field of physical development). And also, on the basis of the interaction between an adult and a child, it is planned to build an educational process in kindergarten. Therefore, the requirements for the professional qualities of the educator are also being improved.
A new concept has emerged "professional competence" which manifests itself in the ability to effectively carry out pedagogical activities, defined by job responsibilities, and is based on scientific education and emotional and value attitude to pedagogical activity. Professional competence assumes that the preschool teacher has the necessary base of professionally significant attitudes and personal qualities, theoretical knowledge, professional skills and abilities that he will improve in the process of self-education.
Up for discussion project called "Professional standard of the teacher"(concept and content), which is scheduled to be operational by September 2014. In this project, in paragraph 4.5. lists the professional competencies of a preschool teacher (educator), reflecting the specifics of work at the preschool level of education.
According to this project, the teacher of preschool education should:
To know the specifics of preschool education and the peculiarities of the organization of educational work with children of early and preschool age.
Know general patterns child development in early and preschool childhood; features of the formation and development of children's activities at an early and preschool age.
To be able to organize the leading types of activities at preschool age: object-manipulative and play, ensuring the development of children. Organize joint and independent activities of preschoolers.
Own the theory and pedagogical methods of physical, cognitive and personal development of children of early and preschool age.
To be able to plan, implement and analyze educational work with children of early and preschool age in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education (FGT).
Be able to plan and adjust educational tasks (together with a psychologist and other specialists) based on the results of monitoring, taking into account the individual characteristics of the development of each child of early and / or preschool age.
Participate in the creation of a psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment, ensuring the safety of children's lives, maintaining and strengthening their health, supporting the emotional well-being of the child during their stay in an educational organization.
Own the methods and means of analyzing psychological and pedagogical monitoring, which makes it possible to evaluate the results of the development of educational programs by children, the degree of formation of the necessary integrative qualities of preschool children necessary for further education and development in primary school.
Own methods and means of psychological and pedagogical education of parents (legal representatives) of children of early and preschool age, be able to build partnerships with them to solve educational problems.
Possess ICT competencies necessary and sufficient for planning, implementation and evaluation of educational work with children of early and preschool age.
What qualities should a teacher have?
The specifics of professional activity imposes certain requirements on the teacher of preschool education. And in order to fulfill his professional duties, he must have certain personality traits. Here are some of them:
- professional orientation.
At the heart of such a quality of a person as a professional orientation lies an interest in the profession of an educator and love for children, a pedagogical vocation, professional and pedagogical intentions and inclinations. It is these factors that encourage the desire to acquire pedagogical knowledge and constantly improve their professional level.
- Empathy.
This feeling is characterized by the ability to empathize and sympathize, emotionally respond to the experiences of the child. Early childhood educator knowing age features preschoolers, should carefully notice the slightest changes in the behavior of the child, show sensitivity, caring, goodwill, tact in relationships.
- Pedagogical tact.
Tact is a sense of proportion, which is manifested in the ability to observe the rules of decency and behave properly. When the optimal combination of affection and firmness, kindness and exactingness, trust and control, joke and strictness, flexibility of behavior and educational actions are found in the actions of the educator, we can talk about the tactfulness of the educator.
Along with the demands on the participants in the educational process (children, parents, colleagues), the preschool teacher remains friendly to them, believes in their strengths and capabilities.
- pedagogical optimism.
The basis of pedagogical optimism is the educator's faith in the strength and capabilities of each child. A preschool teacher who loves children is always tuned in to the perception of their positive qualities. By creating conditions for the manifestation of the abilities of each child, the educator helps to reveal the personal potential of the preschooler. An optimistic educator will not speak badly about the child, complain about him to his parents. An optimistic educator is characterized by the ability to inspire, cheerfulness, and a sense of humor.
- Culture of professional communication.
The teacher of preschool education must be able to build the right relationships with children, parents, colleagues, that is, with all participants in the pedagogical process.
First, to have a high cultural level and impeccable behavior. Children are good "imitators", it is the behavior of the educator that they imitate in the first place.
Secondly, try to establish partnerships with parents, be able to prevent and resolve conflict situations.
Thirdly, treat colleagues with respect and attention, share experiences, and accept criticism.
- Pedagogical reflection.
The success of the teacher's professional activity largely depends on the ability for pedagogical reflection. Reflection implies the ability to analyze the steps taken, evaluate the results obtained and compare them with the planned goal. Based on the findings, the early childhood educator adjusts the follow-up activities in order to get better results.
- Authority.
The trust of parents is the first step towards gaining authority. To enjoy authority among children, parents and colleagues means to get an assessment of one's moral qualities, culture, erudition, devotion to the profession. The ability to fight for one's authority, to cherish it, to maintain the authority of parents and colleagues, is given only to an educator dedicated to his work.
Of the necessary qualities of the personality of the educator, one can also single out: conscientiousness, exactingness to oneself, initiative, patience and endurance. It is good if the preschool teacher knows how to make, draw, sing well, has acting skills. In this case, he will always be interesting to his pupils. Not the last role belongs to the appearance of the educator. Children like charming, neat educators who have fashionable hairstyles and dress stylishly.
Thus, it can be noted that a modern educator today needs special professional training.
A preschool teacher must be proficient in the latest technologies in the field of teaching and raising children, as well as have broad erudition, pedagogical intuition, highly developed intelligence and high level moral culture.
Elena Pastushenko
Professional standard of a teacher: requirements for an educator in the light of the Federal State Educational Standard
From January 1, 2014, all preschool educational institutions in Russia switched to the new Federal State Educational standard preschool education (GEF DO) .
What's happened GEF preschool education? This is a set of required requirements to preschool education.
Federal State Educational Standards are established in Russian Federation in accordance with article 12"Education Law" and according to article 2 paragraph 6 of the new law "On education" are "a set of mandatory requirements to preschool education, approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state and legal regulation in the field of education.
What is the distinguishing feature standard?
For the first time in history, preschool childhood has become a special self-valuable level of education, main goal formation of a successful personality. key setting the standard- support for the diversity of childhood through the creation of conditions for the social situation of the assistance of adults and children for the development of the abilities of each child. This condition standard. If the conditions are created - Standard implemented.
One of the main tasks of the modern system of preschool education is to improve the quality educational- educational work, which in turn directly depends on the staff. The work of preschool institutions today is subject to ever higher requirements. These requirements are refracted into a system of tasks facing preschool teachers, since the level and nature of the child's achievements depend primarily on professional competence of a teacher, his ability to work on himself, constantly improve professionally. Society today needs competent teacher, comprehensively prepared, being an example of philanthropy, decency, teacher, owning pedagogical skills.
Recognition of this leads to special expectations of society for the quality professional activity of a teacher preschool educational organization. The world is changing, children are changing, which, in turn, puts forward new teacher qualification requirements.
September 20, 2013, Council for professional standards Ministry of Labor of Russia approved (teachers and educator) . Currently standard undergoes a serious approbation in order to subsequently evaluate the work teachers and schools, and the kindergarten was carried out taking into account uniform requirements throughout the Russian Federation. What is professional standard?
professional standard- this is a characteristic of the qualifications necessary for an employee to carry out a certain type of professional activity, but
Qualification of an employee is the level of knowledge, skills, professional employee skills and experience.
The reason for the introduction of the ministry professional standards was the unsatisfactory situation that has developed in determining the qualifications that workers should have in those areas to which the state devotes Special attention. Active before adoption professional standards norms are only advisory in nature and are not always applied in practice. In addition, some of the descriptions professions in the field of education were approved more than 20 years ago and simply do not correspond to the current situation.
Introduction professional standards for teachers allows you to solve several questions:
Determine exactly what qualifications you need to have teacher.
Provide necessary training future workers in this area.
notify educators about the requirements that will apply to them.
Engage the teachers themselves educators and teachers to improve the level of education in Russia.
The fundamental document containing the totality of personal and professional competencies of a teacher
Generally professional standard of pedagogical employees is a document from which depends:
opportunity for a particular person to work in pedagogical sphere;
the amount of wages;
the procedure for calculating the experience;
determining the amount of the pension;
career planning teacher.
In a word, professional standard of a teacher is a document, which not only establishes the basic requirements for the qualification of a teacher, but also gives a general definition of the activities carried out by this worker.
professional standard is a framework document and, if necessary, supplemented requirements approved in the regions, taking into account local characteristics. In addition, internal standards educational institutions may also contain additional requirements for a teacher.
Professional standard of a teacher developed on the basis "Layout professional standard» , therefore, when meeting with him, his form may seem unusual for educators.
Professional standard of the educator in kindergarten and other preschool educational institutions includes the following structural parts:
General information about standard
This section defines which specific type of activity relates to teacher's professional standard preschool education, which OKZ and OKVED codes should be used when accounting for this type of activity. Here it should be noted that professional standard concept« teacher» wider than « educator» . TO teachers are treated like educators and teachers in schools and other institutions general education. Separation occurs at the level of OKZ codes (to educators apply code 3320) and OKVED (80.10.1 - pre-school education services).
functional card
It describes the functions that the work must perform teacher. Applied to professional standard of the educator Preschool educational institutions will be the main ones in relation to children functions:
learning;
education;
development.
Feature Description
In this part professional standard of the teacher of the preschool educational institution functions, mentioned in the functional map, are characterized in detail. In addition, here established official job titles « educator» , « teacher» etc., requirements education and other qualifications. It should be noted that the data of the unified qualification guide, approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in 2010, are also used here.
Information about which organizations have developed professional standard
Developer mention professional standard are placed in a separate section. So, professional standard of a preschool teacher according to GEF was developed by the Moscow State Pedagogical University with the participation of the Central Organ No. 109 of Moscow.
Why do you need professional standard of a teacher
Standard- a tool for implementing the strategy of education in a changing world. Standard- a tool for improving the quality of education and bringing domestic education to the international level.
Standard– an objective measure of qualification teacher.
The standard is a means of selecting pedagogical personnel in educational institutions. Standard- the basis for the formation of an employment contract that fixes the relationship between the employee and the employer.
In other words, first of all would need when applying for a job « teacher» . Further-given "reference" will help experts evaluate the work of the certified teacher. Via standard qualifications can be teacher required for quality education and training. Given the criteria contained in this document, it is possible to provide the necessary professional training of teachers for high productivity. The standard will help the teacher have an idea about requirements which are presented to him by the employer.
As we all know, new (GEF) standard preschool education presents requirements not only to the content of education, to its results, but also, the most important difference from FGT, to the conditions for the implementation of the educational process. In terms of implementation GEF DOs pay special attention to staffing and training teachers preschool education. And here are the main requirements for teachers defined in text Professional standard of the teacher.
What is the connection between requirements for a preschool teacher according to the Federal State Educational Standard and professional standard?
To the teachers of the preschool educational institution (educators, teachers, etc. e.) Currently there are 2 types standards: GEF, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; professional standard, approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. Both standard developed in 2013, but belong to different spheres: GEF concerns educational institutions in general, and professional standard refers to personnel policy, certification work, the development of job instructions and other actions related to specific employees. Besides, GEF is already in effect, but professional standard with respect to educators comes into force only from 2017. Nevertheless and GEF, And professional standard of the educator DOEs are closely related to each other. The fact is that from 2017, when they come into force professional standards for teachers, GEF should be developed taking into account the professional standard of requirements.
In conclusion, it remains to be said that professional standard for a preschool teacher to be introduced in 2017 should be new and effective way streamlining the work of kindergartens and other preschool institutions, improve the efficiency educational and educational activities in them, as well as to achieve greater competence from employees. How useful will the introduction be? professional standards time will tell...
Many educators often ask: should they make repairs in the group or buy methodological literature with their own money? Parents also have many questions about the duties of a kindergarten teacher.
The duties of a kindergarten teacher are clearly enshrined in a number of regulatory documents:
- in the job description
- in the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for preschool institutions (SanPiN 2.4.1.2660),
- in an employment contract concluded between the preschool teacher and the employer.
Anything that is not specified in these legal documents is not the responsibility of the kindergarten teacher and, accordingly, he is not obliged to fulfill them.
As a “cheat sheet”, we collected all the information from legal documents and distributed the duties of a kindergarten teacher in several areas:
- when accepting children in a group,
- in catering,
- when working in a group during the day,
- when organizing sleep
- on a walk,
- at the end of the working day.
Responsibilities of a kindergarten teacher when accepting children into a group
- Daily morning reception of children is carried out by educators who interview parents about the state of health of children.
Responsibilities of the kindergarten teacher in catering
- Educators help children eat, very young children are fed up.
Responsibilities of a kindergarten teacher when working in a group during the day
- Ensures strict implementation of the established daily regimen and the schedule of classes.
- Monitors the behavior of children during the period of adaptation, helps them; in early age groups keeps a diary of observations.
- Regularly informs the head of the institution and the head nurse about changes in the health status of children. Informs the head nurse about absent children, finds out the reason for their absence, maintains an attendance record.
- He treats each child in his group with respect and care, shows restraint and pedagogical tact in communicating with children and their parents.
- Together with the music director and physical education instructor, he prepares holidays and organizes leisure activities for children.
- With children of the second and third years of life, physical exercises are carried out by educators in subgroups 2-3 times a week. Classes in kindergarten with children of the second year of life are carried out in a group room, with children of the third year of life - in a group room or in a gym.
Responsibilities of a kindergarten teacher when organizing sleep in a group
- Children with difficulty falling asleep and light sleep are recommended to be put to bed first and wake up last. In age groups, older children wake up earlier after sleep. During the sleep of children, the presence of a teacher (or his assistant) in the bedroom is mandatory.
Responsibilities of a kindergarten teacher on a walk
- The teacher must help the children get dressed.
- While walking with children, it is necessary to conduct games and physical exercises. Outdoor games are carried out at the end of the walk before the children return to the preschool premises.
- On the site, together with the children, she works on landscaping according to the program of her age group.
Responsibilities of the kindergarten teacher at the end of the working day
- When transferring a shift at the end of the working day, he leaves an exemplary order in the group.
- The teacher hands over the shift personally to the second teacher, transfers the children according to the list.
- Transfer of children strictly to parents and legal representatives (only adults).
In addition, the responsibilities of the educator include planning educational activities, reporting, advanced training and interaction with kindergarten staff and parents:
- Fulfills the requirement of the head, the head nurse, the head educator, related to pedagogical work and the protection of the life and health of children.
- Maintains documentation in a timely and accurate manner.
- Systematically improves professional qualifications and pedagogical level at courses, seminars, open viewings.
- Participates in the pedagogical councils of institutions, methodological associations in the region, district, organizes competitions and exhibitions of children's works for open days, holds parent meetings, participates in holidays.
- Works with parents on the issues of raising children in the family, involves them in active cooperation with the kindergarten. Works actively with parent committees and individual parents to ensure the creation of necessary conditions in the premises of the group and on the site for the successful implementation of the educational program.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A TEACHER ACCORDING TOIMPLEMENTATION OF GEF IN DOW.
The Federal Educational Standard (FGOS) has firmly entered the life of the country's education system. In terms of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard, special attention is paid to the staffing and training of teachers of preschool education. The teacher becomes the main figure capable of fulfilling the educational and educational tasks set. And not just a teacher, but a specialist with a high level of professional competence.
The qualifications of pedagogical workers must correspond to the qualification characteristics established in the Unified Qualification Handbook for the Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees, section "Qualification Characteristics of the Positions of Educational Workers", approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated August 26, 2010, No. 761n.
The main requirements for teachers are defined in the text of the Teacher's Professional Standard, which came into force on January 1, 2015.
According to this standard, the teacher of preschool education must:
- Know the specifics of preschool education and the organization of educational work with children of early and preschool age.
- Know the general patterns of child development in early and preschool childhood; features of the formation and development of children's activities at an early and preschool age.
- To be able to organize the leading types of activities at preschool age: object-manipulative and play, ensuring the development of children. Organize joint and independent activities of preschoolers.
- Own the theory and pedagogical methods of physical, cognitive and personal development of children of early and preschool age.
- To be able to plan, implement and analyze educational work with children of early and preschool age in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education (FGOS).
- Be able to plan and adjust educational tasks (together with a psychologist and other specialists) based on the results of monitoring, taking into account the individual characteristics of the development of each child of early and / or preschool age.
- To implement the pedagogical recommendations of specialists (psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist, etc.) in working with children who experience difficulties in mastering the program, or children with special educational needs.
- Participate in the creation of a psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment, ensuring the safety of children's lives, maintaining and strengthening their health, supporting the emotional well-being of the child during their stay in an educational organization.
- Own the methods and means of analyzing psychological and pedagogical monitoring, which makes it possible to evaluate the results of the development of educational programs by children, the degree of formation of the necessary integrative qualities of preschool children necessary for further education and development in primary school.
- Own methods and means of psychological and pedagogical education of parents (legal representatives) of children of early and preschool age, be able to build partnerships with them to solve educational problems.
- Own ICT - competencies necessary and sufficient for planning, implementation and evaluation of educational work with children of early and preschool age.
The conditions necessary to create a social situation for the development of children, corresponding to the specifics of preschool age, suggest:
1) Ensuring emotional well-being through:
Direct communication with each child;
Respectful attitude to each child, to his feelings and needs;
2) Support for the individuality and initiative of children through:
Creation of conditions for children to freely choose activities, participants joint activities;
Creating conditions for children to make decisions, express their feelings and thoughts;
Non-directive assistance to children, support for children's initiative and independence in different types activities (game, research, project, cognitive, etc.);
3) Establishment of rules of interaction in different situations:
Creation of conditions for positive, friendly relations between children, including those belonging to different national-cultural, religious communities, social strata, as well as those with different (including limited) health opportunities;
Development of children's communication skills, allowing them to resolve conflict situations with peers;
Development of children's ability to work in a group of peers;
4) Construction of a variable developmental education focused on the level of development, manifested in the child in joint activities with adults and more experienced peers, but not actualized in his individual activities (hereinafter referred to as the zone of proximal development of each child), through:
Creation of conditions for mastering cultural means of activity;
Organization of activities that contribute to the development of thinking, speech, communication, imagination and children's creativity, personal, physical and artistic and aesthetic development of children;
Support for spontaneous play of children, its enrichment, providing play time and space;
Assessment of the individual development of children;
5) interaction with parents (legal representatives) on the education of the child, their direct involvement in educational activities, including through the creation of educational projects together with the family based on the identification of their needs to support the educational initiatives of the family.
The specifics of professional activity imposes certain requirements on the teacher of preschool education. And in order to fulfill his professional duties, he must have certain personality traits:
Professional orientation, which is based on interest in the profession of educator and love for children.
It is these factors that encourage the desire to acquire pedagogical knowledge and constantly improve their professional level. The teacher should be able to empathize and sympathize, emotionally respond to the experiences of the child.
Know the age characteristics of preschoolers, should carefully notice the slightest changes in the behavior of the child, show sensitivity, caring, goodwill, tact in relationships. Along with the demands on the participants in the educational process (children, parents, colleagues), the preschool teacher remains friendly to them, believes in their strengths and capabilities. A teacher who loves children is always tuned in to the perception of their positive qualities.
Create conditions for the manifestation of the abilities of each child and help to reveal the personal potential of a preschooler. An optimistic educator will not speak badly about the child, complain about him to his parents. An optimistic educator is characterized by the ability to inspire with cheerfulness, a sense of humor. When the optimal combination of affection and firmness, kindness and exactingness, trust and control, joke and strictness, flexibility of behavior and educational actions are found in the actions of the educator, we can talk about the tactfulness of the educator.
The teacher must be able to build the right relationships both with children and parents, and with colleagues, that is, with all participants in the pedagogical process. The teacher must show his pupils impeccable behavior. After all, children imitate the behavior of the teacher in the first place. Also, the educator should try to establish partnerships with parents, be able to prevent and resolve conflict situations.
Treat colleagues with respect and attention, share experience, accept criticism. To enjoy authority among children, parents and colleagues means to get an assessment of one's moral and professional qualities, culture, erudition, devotion to the profession.
Be dedicated to your work and fight for your authority, cherish it. The success of the teacher's professional activity largely depends on the ability for pedagogical reflection. After all, reflection implies the ability to analyze the steps taken, evaluate the results and compare them with the planned goal. Based on the findings, the early childhood educator adjusts the follow-up activities in order to get better results. - - The teacher of preschool education must own the latest technologies in the field of teaching and raising children, as well as have broad erudition, pedagogical intuition, highly developed intellect and a high level of moral culture.
Be conscientious, demanding of yourself, show initiative, patience and endurance. It is good if the preschool teacher knows how to make, draw, sing well, has acting skills. In this case, he will always be interesting to his pupils.
Thus, it can be noted that a modern educator today needs special professional training. And for this you need to seriously work on improving the competence of the teacher, which will allow them to work according to the standard. And therefore, the competence of the teacheris one of the main requirements of the standard.
Based on these requirements, a teacher training system will be built, which will include: the study of thematic literature, holding training seminars, the development of new approaches, methods and technologies for teaching and education by teachers. Conducting teachers' councils and open viewings and master classes. Institutes for advanced training will restructure their curricula so that the preschool education system can work in accordance with modern requirements.
Loading...