Council of Europe (CE) educated in 1949 d. economically developed countries.
V 2008 The Council included 47 states, including former socialist countries and Russia (adopted in 1996 G.).
The goals of the Council of Europe are the protection of human rights, the expansion of democracy, the rapprochement of the positions of European countries on issues of protection environment, education, healthcare.
Member countries ( 47 ): Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Greece, Georgia, Great Britain, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Finland, France, Germany, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Croatia, Switzerland, Sweden, Ukraine, Estonia.
Observer status ( 5 ): Vatican, Canada, Mexico, USA and Japan.
The supreme body is the Committee of Ministers, which deals with the political aspects of cooperation, the budget, and adopts political recommendations.
Within the framework of the Council of Europe, the European Youth Center, the European Court and other organizations and funds operate.
The governing bodies are located in Strasbourg (France).
European Union - EU (European Union - EU)- the most significant political and economic organization of European countries. The forerunners of the EU were the European Coal and Steel Community, formed in 1950 g. to protect these advanced industries from competition with American industry, then the European Economic Community and the European Union.
In 1957, the ECSC countries (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) signed the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (Common Market) and the European Community for atomic energy(Euroatom).
At the end of the 60s. as a result of the merger of three organizations - the ECSC, Euroatom, the EEC - a new integration grouping was created - the European Community. The agreement provided for the gradual abolition of customs restrictions and the establishment of a common trade policy in relation to third countries, ensuring the free movement of capital, goods and labor, the development and implementation of a common policy in the field of Agriculture, the creation of a monetary and political union.
The goals of the EU are to coordinate the actions of member countries in the areas of the economy (Creating a common market, economic and monetary union, a single currency), defense, law, foreign and domestic policy (including coordinating immigration, jointly countering terrorism, improving the living conditions of citizens of member countries) , creating a space without internal boundaries.
In 1973 Great Britain, Denmark and Ireland joined the EEC, in 1981 - Greece, in 1986 - Spain and Portugal.
A new stage in the deepening of European economic integration dates back to the early 1990s. In 1991, the EU and EFTA signed an agreement on the creation of a single European economic area. In 1992 were signed Maastricht Accords(entered into force in 1993), providing for the creation of a genuine European Union - economic, monetary and financial - and the introduction of a single pan-European citizenship.
On November 1, 1993, after the ratification of the agreements by all twelve member countries, the European Economic Union was renamed the European Union.
In 1995, 3 more countries joined the EU - Austria, Sweden, Finland. The planned accession of Norway was blocked by the results of a referendum in the country: citizens spoke out against the country's accession to the EU.
Since January 1, 1999, a single EU currency unit, the euro, has been introduced for non-cash payments. In 2002, the euro was introduced for cash payments. This currency is now used for mutual settlements between 13 EU member countries: Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland. In 2007, Slovenia entered the euro area.
2004 was marked by the largest expansion of the Union in the history of European integration. The union included Cyprus and Malta; former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, as well as former republics that were part of the USSR - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became members of the EU.
European Monetary Union operates within the EU 2008 included 13 countries: Austria, Belgium, Greece (joined in 2001 g.), Italy, Ireland, Spain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Portugal, Finland, Germany. At the end of 2007, Slovenia entered the euro area.
The single currency - the euro - began to be used for non-cash payments, and from January 1, 2002 - in cash.
European Free Trade Association - EFTA (European Free Trade Association - EFTA) established in 1960 g. as a counterbalance to the European Economic Community. Consistently, the EFTA member countries joined the EU; by 2008, 4 members remained in the EFTA - Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
The headquarters is in Geneva (Switzerland).
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) created in 1992 d. to ensure cooperation between the countries of the Baltic Sea basin in the field of economy, development of democratic institutions, humanitarian aid, environmental protection, transport and communications.
Member countries ( 12 ): Denmark, European Union, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Estonia.
Observers ( 7 ): UK, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, USA, France, Ukraine.
The headquarters is located in Stockholm (Sweden).
Nordic Council (NC) created in 1952 city (valid from 1953 d.) for the development of regional socio-economic cooperation and joint actions in the field of environmental protection.
Member countries ( 5 ): Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including the Åland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden.
Observer status is held by the three local governments of the Saami in Finland, Norway and Sweden.
The headquarters is located in Copenhagen (Denmark).
Organization of the Central European Initiative (CEI) operates under this name 1992 (became the successor of the Quadrilateral Initiative, which was formed in 1989), since 1991 - the Hexagonal Initiative.
Goals - economic and political cooperation in the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic.
Member countries (18): Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic.
The headquarters is in London (UK).
Western European Union (Western European Union - WEU) created in 1954 (in force since 1955) to ensure collective defense and unify the political organization of the member countries.
Member countries ( 10 ): Belgium, Great Britain, Greece, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Germany.
Associate Members ( 6 ): Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Turkey, Czech Republic.
Associated Partners ( 7 ): Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia.
Observers ( 5 ): Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Finland, Sweden.
The headquarters is in Brussels (Belgium).
international organization- a permanent association of an intergovernmental or non-governmental nature, created on the basis of an international agreement in order to contribute to the solution of the issues stipulated in the agreement international problems. International organizations are characterized by:
- the presence of a constituent document;
— permanent or regular nature of the activity;
- using multilateral negotiations and discussion of problems as the main method of activity;
There are intergovernmental, non-governmental, global and regional international organizations.
United Nations is an international organization of states founded in 1945. in order to maintain and strengthen peace, security and development of international cooperation.
The principal organs of the UN are the UN General Assembly, the UN Security Council, the UN Economic and Social Council, the UN Trusteeship Council, the UN International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, English: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - established in 1946. specialized agency United Nations, contributing to the implementation of the goals of universal education, the development of culture, the conservation of the world's natural and cultural heritage, international scientific cooperation, ensuring freedom of the press and communication.
European Economic Community (EEC)- the name of the European Union until 1994. The European Community was founded under the Treaty of Rome in 1957. as a common market of six European states.
European Union- economic association of 15 . A single internal market has been created in the EU, restrictions on the free movement of goods, capital, and labor between countries have been lifted, and a single monetary system has been formed with a single governing monetary institution.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC, English: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a cartel (association of entrepreneurs), formed in 1960. some oil-producing countries in order to coordinate the policy of oil production and control over world prices for crude oil. OPEC sets quotas for oil production.
World trade Organization(WTO)- founded in 1995, a global international organization that deals with the rules of international trade. The WTO is based on agreements negotiated, signed and ratified by the majority of countries participating in international trade. The purpose of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers in the conduct of their business. The WTO is the successor to the GATT.
Association of Southeastern States ()- founded in 1967 regional organization, which included , and . The goals of ASEAN are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development of countries, establishing peace in the region.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO, English: North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - a military political alliance created on the initiative on the basis of the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in April 1949 in the United States,
International organizations - one of the most important forms of multilateral cooperation between states. They arise on the basis of an agreement between the participants. The activities of international organizations are regulated by the charter, their effectiveness depends on the degree of coordination between states. The main goals and objectives of all international organizations are the creation of a constructive multilateral base for international cooperation, the establishment of global and regional zones of peaceful coexistence. Today in the world there is a huge number of various blocs and unions of countries that can be combined into three groups: political, economic and mixed.
The main purpose of the activity political blocs - cooperation of the participating countries in the political and military spheres, participation in the creation of a collective defense system, cooperation in maintaining peace and security in their territories and in general in the world, coordination of efforts to solve military-political and legal problems.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO - military-political union of 18 countries, created on 05/04/1949 as part of the USA, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Canada, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Denmark, Iceland; in 1952 Greece and Turkey joined it, in 1955 - Germany, in 1981 - Spain. In 1966, France withdrew from the military structure, in 1983 - Spain, and in 1999 the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary entered.
Target: ensuring the freedom and security of all members by political and military means in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter; common action and comprehensive cooperation to strengthen the security of participating States; ensuring a fair order in Europe based on common values, democracy and human rights. Headquarters - Brussels, Belgium).
Interparliamentary Union. An international governmental organization that brings together national parliamentary groups. Created in 1889 Target - unification of parliamentarians of all countries to strengthen peace and cooperation between states. Headquarters - Geneva, Switzerland).
Organization of African Unity - OAU. Created on 05/26/1963 at the conference of heads of state and government of African countries in Addis Ababa. Compound (52 African countries. Target: promoting unity and solidarity among African countries, intensifying and coordinating efforts to improve living standards; protection of sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence; elimination of all forms of colonialism; coordination of cooperation in the fields of politics, defense and security, economy, education, health and culture. Headquarters - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia).
ANZUS. The five-sided block of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. Target - promotion of collective defense in the Pacific region. Permanent headquarters no.
Organization of American States - OAS. A military-political union created in 1948 at the 9th Inter-American Conference in Bogota, which adopted the Charter of the OAS. Compound (35 countries. Target: maintaining peace and security in America; prevention and peace settlement conflicts between participating States; organizing common actions to repel aggression; coordination of efforts to solve political, economic, legal problems; promotion of economic, social, scientific, technical and cultural progress of the participating countries. Headquarters - Washington (USA).
The strengthening of integration processes in the global economy has strengthened the status economic unions and groupings countries that aim to promote the economic development of the participating countries, improve the living standards of their population and protect the economic interests of these states on the world stage.
Amazon pact- the trade and economic bloc, created on the basis of the Agreement on Cooperation in the Amazon, gained strength in 1980. Compound (8 countries. Target: accelerated general development and rational use natural resources the Amazon basin, protecting it from foreign exploitation, cooperation in building infrastructure. Headquarters - Lima (Peru).
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD - was formed in 1961 as the successor to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, formed with the aim of making the best use of American economic and financial assistance to the reconstruction of Europe (Marshall Plan) in cooperation with the European countries - recipients of this assistance. Compound (25 countries). Target : contribution to the development of the world economy by ensuring optimal economic growth, increasing employment and living standards, maintaining the financial stability of the participating states; promotion of economic and social welfare by coordinating the policies of the participating States; harmonization of OECD assistance to developing countries. Headquarters - Paris, France).
Arab Maghreb Union - UAM - established in 1989 compound included 5 countries: Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia. Target : assistance in the successful solution of issues of economic development, ensuring the high competitiveness of the goods of the countries of the region in the markets of the world. Headquarters - Rabat (Morocco).
Association of Caribbean States - ACS - founded by representatives of 25 countries and 12 territories at a conference in Cartagena in 1994. In compound included 24 countries. Target : promoting the economic integration of Caribbean countries. Headquarters - Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago).
Andean Pact - AP- trade and economic union, formed in 1969 by Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela. In 1976, Chile withdrew. Panama has been an associate member since 1969. Target : liberalization of regional trade and introduction of common external tariffs; creation of a common market; coordination of economic policy regarding foreign capital; development of industry, agriculture and infrastructure through common programs; mobilization of internal and external financial resources; balancing economic influence Brazil, Argentina and Mexico. Headquarters - Lima (Peru).
Visegrad Four formed in 1991 by Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Target - elimination of restrictions and customs borders in trade between members of the Quartet. Permanent headquarters no.
European Free Trade Association - EFTA - established in 1960 compound included 9 countries. Target - independent economic policy; duty-free trade among the participating countries while maintaining their own tariffs in relation to other countries. Headquarters - Geneva, Switzerland).
Latin American Integration Association - LAAI - formed on the basis of the Treaty of Montevideo II, signed by the participating countries, which came into force in 1981. compound included 11 countries. Target - Creation of a single Latin American market. Within the boundaries of LAAI, subregional groups remain: the Treaty of the La Plata Basin (1969), the Cartagena Agreement (1969), the Agreement on Cooperation between the Countries of the Amazon Zone (1978). Headquarters - Montevideo (Uruguay).
La Plata Group - trade and economic union formed on the basis of the Treaty on Economic Integration and General Development of the La Plata River Basin in 1969. compound included 5 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay. Target: general economic development, use and protection of the resources of the La Plata basin. In 1986, a long-term economic cooperation program was signed between Argentina and Brazil - the "act of integration", to which Uruguay joined, and in 1991 - Paraguay. Headquarters - Buenos Aires, Argentina).
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC - organized in 1960 at a conference in Baghdad. The charter was adopted in 1965, and over time it experienced multiple changes. Compound (12 countries): Venezuela, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, Algeria, Nigeria, UAE, Gabon. Target : coordination and unification of the oil policy of the member states; definition of the most effective means protection of their interests; search for means to ensure price stability in the world oil markets; environmental protection. Controls up to 50% of world oil trade. Headquarters - Vienna, Austria).
North American Free Trade Association - NAFTA - the agreement on the creation was signed on December 17, 1992 in Washington, came into force on January 1, 1994. Compound : USA, Canada, Mexico. Target: creation of a free trade zone in North America for 15 years; measures are envisaged to liberalize the movement of goods, services, capital across borders with the gradual elimination of customs and investment barriers. In the future - the unification of all American states (similar to the EU in Europe). Permanent headquarters no.
The Black Sea Region for Economic Cooperation - CHRES - was established in 1990-1992 V compound included 11 countries: Ukraine, Russia, Greece, Turkey, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Armenia. Target: creation of a regime of free movement of goods, services and capital in order to expand industrial cooperation and common entrepreneurship; expansion of economic ties in the Azov-Black Sea region and nearby territories. Provides for common projects in the field of transport, television, energy, ecology, science and technology, agriculture, food industry, the creation of a free economic zone. Possible location headquarters Chief Executive Committee - Istanbul (Turkey).
BENELUX - economic union created on the basis of the customs union. The agreement on the establishment was signed in 1958 for a period of 50 years, began to operate in 1960. Compound : Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg. Headquarters - Brussels, Belgium).
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - APEC - established at the initiative of Australia in 1989 in the amount of 12 countries. In 2001, there were 21 countries. V compound included: Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, USA, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Russia, Vietnam, Peru. Target : creation of APEC; easing mutual trade barriers; exchange of services and investments; expansion of cooperation in the field of trade, environmental protection, etc. Until 2010, it is planned to create an APEC Free Trade Zone. Permanent headquarters no.
TO mixed blocks belong to integration groupings of countries whose goal is cooperation in several areas. The direction of cooperation is determined by the goals of creating the organization.
Association of countries South-East Asia- ASEAN - political and economic union established in 1967 in Bangkok. V composition 9 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar. In 2005, the President of Russia V.V. Putin attended the regular summit. Target: promotion of regional cooperation in the economic, social and cultural spheres with the aim of strengthening peace in the region; accelerating economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through common action on the principle of equality and partnership; cooperation in agriculture, industry, trade, transport, communications in order to improve the living standards of the population; strengthening peace and stability, etc. Headquarters - Jakarta (Indonesia).
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation - SAARC - political and economic union established in 1985 in Dhaka. Compound (7 countries): India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives. Target : Accelerating the economic, social and cultural development of the participating countries, establishing peace and stability in the region. In 1987, an agreement on the establishment of a regional food fund and a convention to combat terrorism were signed in Delhi. Headquarters - Kathmandu (Nepal).
Caribbean Community - CARICOM - political and economic organization for cooperation in the areas of trade, credit, currency relations, coordination of economic and foreign policy, creation of common facilities. Created in 1973 on the basis of the Chaguaramas Treaty (Trinidad and Tobago). V compound included 13 countries. Target : political and economic cooperation; foreign policy coordination; economic convergence of the common customs regime; policy coordination in the areas of currency and credit, infrastructure and tourism, agriculture, industry and trade; cooperation in the fields of education and health. Headquarters - Georgetown (Guyana).
League of Arab States - Arab League - established in 1945 in Cairo on the basis of the Arab League pact. Compound (21 countries). Target: strengthening ties between participating States in various fields (economy, finance, transport, culture, health care); coordination of actions of the participating states to protect national security, ensure independence and sovereignty; prohibition of the use of force to settle disputes. Relations are based on the principles of respect for the existing regimes in other countries and the rejection of attempts to change them. Headquarters - Cairo (Egypt).
Organization "Islamic Conference" - OIC - established in 1971 at a conference of heads of state and government of Muslim countries in Rabbat (Morocco). Compound (50 countries. Target : promoting the strengthening of Muslim solidarity; protection of holy places; support for the struggle of all Muslims to secure independence and national rights; support for the struggle of the Palestinian people; cooperation in economic, social, cultural, scientific and other spheres of life. Headquarters - Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).
Commonwealth of Nations - a voluntary association of independent states, symbolized by the British monarch, recognized head of the Commonwealth. Created in 1947 Compound (51 countries). Target : regular consultations of countries on issues of economy, finance, science, education, military sphere; promoting the well-being of peoples. At meetings of heads of state and government of the Commonwealth member states, the international situation, issues regional development, socio-economic situation, cultural issues, and special programs of the Commonwealth. Headquarters - London, Great Britain).
Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS - political and economic union established by agreement of December 8, 1991 Compound (12 countries): Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The seat of the Executive Secretariat is Minsk (Belarus). CIS budget is formed from equal contributions from participating States. Target: formation of conditions for the stable development of countries in the interests of increasing standard of living population; gradual creation of a common economic space based on market relations; creation of equal opportunities and guarantees for all economic entities; general implementation of economic projects; solution of economic problems; political, military, economic and cultural cooperation of the participating countries. Headquarters - Minsk, Belarus) .
United Nations - UN - established on October 24, 1945, in 2002 it had 190 members. Observers UN: Vatican, Palestine, Organization of African Unity, European Union, Organization of Islamic Conference, International Committee Red Cross, etc. Officially not part of the UN one country is the Vatican. Target : support and strengthening of international security; development of relations between nations based on respect for the principles of equality and self-determination; international cooperation in solving world problems of a political, economic, social, cultural nature; promoting respect for human rights; transformation of the UN into a center for coordinating the efforts of nations and peoples to achieve common goals. Headquarters - New York, USA).
Main subsections The UN is as follows: General Assembly (GA) - the main body of the UN, which unites all its members (on the principle of "one state - one vote"). Security Council (SC) - a single body of the UN, which can make decisions binding on the members of the UN. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOR) - is responsible for economic and social cooperation and solves tasks related to the implementation of the GA recommendations (studies, reports, etc.). Coordinates the activities of the UN specialized agencies. Guardian Council - consists from the permanent members of the Security Council and resolves issues of US trusteeship over some of the islands of Micronesia.
International Court - the principal judicial and legal organ of the United Nations. Created in 1945, location - The Hague (Netherlands). The court decides disputes only between states. UN Secretariat - consists of the Secretary-General (elected for 5 years) and staff appointed by him, who are responsible for carrying out the day-to-day work of the UN. High Commissioner for Human Rights appointed by the Secretary General and responsible for the activities of the United Nations in the field of human rights. official languages UN - English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French.
TO specialized divisions of the UN relate: IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency ( headquarters - Vienna); WMO - World Metrology Organization (Geneva); WHO - World Health Organization (Geneva) ; WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization (protects copyright in any area - Geneva ); UPU - Universal Postal Union ( Berne ); IMO - International Maritime Organization (marine safety and ocean protection - London ); ICAO - International organization civil aviation (Montreal ); ILO - The International Labour Organization ( Geneva ); IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; IMF ; ITU - International Telecommunication Union (radio, telephone, telegraph - Geneva) ; IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development - Rome ; UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization - Paris;FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome.
2. " big seven”- these are the seven leading ones with a market economy. In this. The group includes the USA, Japan, France, Italy and Canada.
The G7 holds annual high-level economic meetings with the participation of representatives of the countries of the European Union. The leaders of the G7 have today moved from considering relatively narrow issues (exchange rates, control over exports and imports) to general analysis search for ways to influence the pace and proportions of its development. More than 50% of the world's gross domestic product is accounted for by the G7 member countries.
3.European Union.
This is an economic grouping, which includes 12 Western European countries: France, Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, and (list of countries as of 1992).
The European Union was formed with the aim of creating a common market for goods, capital and labor by abolishing customs duties in trade between community members, pursuing a coordinated trade policy with respect to third world countries, joint activities in the field of energy, transport and coordinating a common economic and social policy.
4. NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
This is a military-political union that arose in 1949. It includes: USA, UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Portugal,. The official goal of NATO is to ensure the security of peace-loving states and the maintenance of world peace. Obviously, with the collapse of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (a military-political union of former socialist states), NATO members should strive to create a collective security system in Europe.
The headquarters of this military-political bloc is located in Brussels.
5. Organization of American States (OAS).
It is the largest grouping of states in the Western Hemisphere. It includes about 30 states of Northern and.
The goals set by the OAS are to strengthen peace and security in the region, prevent disagreements and peacefully resolve disputes, act together in the event of aggression, help resolve the political, economic and legal problems of the American countries, join efforts for the purposes of scientific, technical and cultural progress.
The headquarters of the OAS is located in.
6. Organization of African Unity (UAE).
This is the largest and most influential grouping of independent countries. By its nature, it is an interstate political organization. It unites over 50 states of the continent. Its main goals are the development of all-round political and economic cooperation between African countries, the strengthening of their solidarity and unity in the international arena, the elimination of all types of colonialism, the protection of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries. The headquarters of the OAU is located in.
7. United Nations (UN).
The most influential international organization that unites sovereign states on a voluntary basis with the aim of maintaining and strengthening international peace and security, as well as developing cooperation between states. The fight against colonialism and gross and mass violations of human rights are also important areas of UN activity.
The name of this organization was proposed by US President Franklin Roosevelt. The official date of the creation of the UN is 1945, when the UN Charter was ratified by the majority of signatory states. The Charter states that the UN was created in order to save the coming generation from the scourge of war, develop friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and contribute to the resolution of international problems of an economic, social and cultural nature.
All peace-loving states that recognize its Charter and are ready to fulfill it can be members of the UN.
The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat.
The UN headquarters is located in New York.
There are many specialized agencies within the UN, such as:
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Its main goal is to achieve a wider use of atomic energy by the countries of the world and to ensure that its use cannot be diverted to military purposes. The Agency advises and assists in the implementation of national programs. The agency is headquartered in .
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
The objectives of the organization are to fight against the world, to promote better nutrition and improve the standard of living of people; increasing the productivity of agriculture, fish farming and forestry; improvement of the distribution system for food and agricultural products.
The headquarters of the organization is located in Rome.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The range of activities of this organization covers a wide range of issues: the fight against illiteracy, the content and planning of education, the creation in developing countries of centers for the training of qualified personnel, activities to develop international cooperation in the field of science; research in the field of human rights and peacebuilding; use of space communications for educational purposes. The headquarters of UNESCO is located in Paris.
World Health Organization (WHO).
This is also a specialized agency of the United Nations, which aims to achieve by all peoples the possible top level health. WHO organizes the fight against diseases, their elimination at the international level, assists various countries in the fight against infectious and other diseases, conducts international control over the quality of medicines, drug control, international actions in the field of quarantine and epidemiological surveillance. The headquarters of the WHO is located in Geneva.
An international organization is an association of member states of this commonwealth that have concluded an agreement between themselves that complies with all norms international law, for the purpose of economic, political, cultural, military and other types of cooperation between its participants.
Main features
A mandatory attribute of this phenomenon in the life of society is the presence of:
Features possessed by such commonwealths
The question often arises as to what characteristics international organizations should have. List of the main features of such communities:
Participation in the association of three or more states.
Compliance of the provisions on the creation of an alliance with international law.
Respect for the sovereignty of each member and non-interference in its internal affairs.
The principle of an international treaty is the basis of unification.
Purposeful cooperation in specific areas.
A clear structure with special organs, each of which performs certain functions.
Classification
There are two main types: intergovernmental and non-governmental. They differ from each other in that the former are based on the association of states or authorized bodies, and the latter (they are also called public) - on the union of subjects from different countries that do not have the goal of political cooperation.
In addition, the international organizations listed below may also be:
Universal (participants from all over the world are involved) and regional (only for states of a certain area).
General (the areas of cooperation are extensive) and special, dedicated to only one aspect of relations (health, education, labor issues, etc.).
c) mixed unions.
So, as we see, there is a fairly developed system for classifying such institutions, which is associated with their prevalence and great influence on global political, economic and cultural processes.
International organizations of the world. List of most influential institutions
To date, there are a huge number of such associations that are active throughout the planet. These are both global organizations with a large number of participants like the UN, and less numerous ones: the Union for the Mediterranean, the South American Community of Nations and others. All of them have completely different areas of activity, ranging from culture to law enforcement, but the most popular are political and political. The list and their tasks are usually numerous. The following are the names and characteristics of the most influential institutions.
UN and its subsidiaries
One of the most developed and well-known among all commonwealths is It was founded back in 1945 to resolve post-war issues that were then on the agenda. Its fields of activity are: preservation of peace; upholding human rights; c As of mid-2015, 193 States from different regions planets.
Due to the fact that the needs of the world community have increased over time and were not limited to purely humanitarian issues, both immediately after the creation of the UN and throughout the second half of the 20th century, as its constituent parts other, more specialized international organizations also appeared. Their list is not limited to all known UNESCO, IAEA and IMF. There are also such divisions as the Postal Union and many others. There are 14 of them in total.
International non-governmental organizations: list, areas of activity, relevance
Among these, the most powerful in terms of the scale of distribution and its activity is, for example, the non-profit charitable organization Wikimedia Foundation, or the International Rescue Committee, which deals with refugee issues. In general, there are more than 100 such unions, and their areas of activity are extremely diverse. Science, education, combating racial or gender discrimination, healthcare, certain industries and much more - all this is done by specialized international non-governmental organizations. The Top 5 list also includes communities such as Partners in Health, Oxfam and BRAC.
Participation of our country in the life of the world community
The Russian Federation is a member of about twenty unions of various types (UN, CIS, BRICS, CSTO, etc.). In the country's foreign policy, priority is cooperation and entry into various international organizations. The list in Russia of those institutions with which the state would like to work is constantly growing. In three commonwealths, she is an observer (IOM, OAS and OIC), maintains an active dialogue with them and participates in the discussion of important issues. Particularly promising is the entry into international economic organizations. The list of them is long (OECD, WTO, UNCTAD, etc.).
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