- 04.09.2017
Mustang Resources has scheduled an auction for the sale of rubies mined at the Montepuez project in Mozambique at the end of October 2017. Bidding, which will be exposed to about two hundred thousand carats of precious stones, will be held in Port Louis on the island of Mauritius. This is the first sale of rubies from the Montepuez project, and leading buyers from different countries. - 20.06.2017
At the end of the auction, which sold rubies from the Montepuez project in Mozambique, the Gemfields company gained almost fifty-five million dollars. Eight hundred ninety-six thousand carats of precious stones were presented at the auction, the average price for which was more than sixty-one dollars per carat. - 06.03.2017
Despite the fact that Rosneft, in a consortium with ExxonMobil, won the tender for three license blocks offshore Mozambique in 2015, concession agreements for these fields have not yet been signed. The delay occurred for reasons beyond the control of the partners, and at the end of last year, the companies received an invitation from the Mozambican authorities to continue negotiations on this issue. According to Rosneft, agreements on these fields are expected to be signed in the coming months. - 27.12.2016
Gemfields raised over $30 million in rubies from the Montepuez mine in Mozambique in a recent auction in Singapore. A total of almost one and a half million carats of rubies and corundum were put up for auction, of which one million one hundred thousand carats of precious stones were sold. - 22.09.2016
The authorities of Mozambique are striving to bring the country's diamond mining industry to a commercial level. Certification of this mining industry under the Kimberley Process will make it possible to export rough diamonds. On the this moment Mozambican authorities are working to bring the country's diamond mining industry to a commercial level. Certification of this mining industry under the Kimberley Process will make it possible to export rough diamonds. At the moment, work is underway in the country to prepare for certification. - 19.08.2016
Another ruby deposit has been found at the Montepuez concession in Mozambique, which is being developed by Mustang Resources. According to the company, it has found nineteen high-quality gems. The total weight of rubies found by the company during exploration work at the concession is 5.79 carats so far. - 13.07.2016
Gemfields intends to invest $45 million to develop the Montepuez ruby mine in Mozambique. The company plans to increase the production of rough gemstones at the project up to twenty million carats per year. - 17.04.2014
Gemfields plans to boost ruby production at its mine in Mozambique
Gemfields is going to use its own experience in increasing emerald production (as happened at the Kagem mine in Zambia) and increase the volume of diamonds produced in Mozambique. Until June current year the company plans to hold the first ruby auction - 07.02.2014
The Mozambican government plans to increase taxes and increase royalties on mining, including diamond mining. The authorities assure that the increase in taxes will be negligible compared to existing rates - 15.04.2013
Botswana Diamonds' assets in Mozambique expand with the addition of a new license
Botswana Diamonds has added another license to its assets in Mozambique
General information
The People's Republic of Mozambique (Republica Popular de Mocambique) is a state in southeastern Africa. The area is 783 thousand km2. Population 13.5 million (1983). The capital is Maputo. The country is divided into 10 provinces. Official language- Portuguese. The monetary unit is metical.
General characteristics of the economy. Mozambique is an agrarian country (about 80% of the economically active population is employed in agriculture). In the structure of GDP, 43% falls on agriculture, 37% - on industry (including 3% on mining). After 1975, landed property, the mining industry, foreign trade, banks, large factories and plants were nationalized. In the structure of the fuel and energy balance, 55% is coal, 24% is hydropower and 21% is liquid fuel (imported oil). Electricity production 4.2 billion kWh (1983). Length railways over 3.8 thousand km, automobile - over 39 thousand km, incl. about 4 thousand paved (1982). Seaports - Maputo, Beira, Nacala.
Nature. The territory of Mozambique is located within the East African Plateau (in the north, the city of Namuli, 2419 m), stepwise lowering from the west (the Matabele ledge, the city of Bingo, 2436 m) to the east, and the Mozambique swampy lowland (in the south and east). Along the border with South Africa is the volcanic Mount Lebombo. The climate is subequatorial in the north, tropical trade winds in the south. The average winter temperature on the coast is 15-20°С, on the plateau 12-17°С, spring-summer temperatures are 25-30° and 22-27° respectively. Precipitation is 500-1500 mm per year on the coast, 1000-2000 mm in the mountains. Major rivers- Zambezi, Limpopo, Ruvuma, Savi.
Geological structure. In most of the country's territory (northern provinces), Precambrian formations of the basement of the African Platform are developed; a smaller part (southern provinces) is covered by the Phanerozoic volcanic-sedimentary cover. Structurally, in the Precambrian basement, the Zimbabwe craton, a small part of which is located on the territory of Mozambique (in the west), and the heterogeneous Mozambique belt (in the east) stand out. The most ancient rocks (3.7 billion years) were found within the Zimbabwe Craton, composed mainly of greenstone rocks in the lower part, conglomerates and shales intruded by intrusions from acidic to basic composition, which are associated with copper, nickel and gold mineralization, in the upper part. . The Mozambique belt is represented by heterogeneous tectonic elements (stable isometric blocks and narrow mobile belts), differing in lithological composition, degree of metamorphism, and metallogeny. Mobile zones (of the Lurio type) filled with metavolcanic-sedimentary formations are associated with polymetallic, sometimes gold and copper mineralization, with stable blocks - unique areas of rare-metal pegmatites (for example, Altu Ligonya), sometimes tin-ore mineralization. Deposits of asbestos, titanium, chromium, nickel and iron ores are associated with the basic and ultrabasic complexes.
The oldest deposits of the sedimentary cover are the Kappy continental system of Permian-Triassic age, which includes industrial deposits of coal. Early Jurassic basalts, rhyolites and tuffs are developed in the south and west of the country. Massifs of Mesozoic carbonatites contain industrial concentrations of pyrochlore. Cenozoic deposits are represented by thick strata of marine and continental deposits (deposits of natural gas, limestone, diatomites and montmorillonite). Bauxite deposits are associated with the weathering crust on the Mesozoic alkaline intrusions, and titanium-bearing beach placers are associated with the Quaternary deposits, widely developed at the mouth of the Zambezi River and on the ocean coast.
Minerals. The most important minerals are coal, ores of rare metals, precious stones, natural gas, and iron ore (Table 1).
The main natural gas fields are located in the Mozambique oil and gas basin (area 187 thousand km2, including 5 thousand km2 shelf) with a thickness of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary strata up to 5000 m in coastal areas, up to 7000 m on the shelf and up to 12000 m in Delta of the Zambezi River. Senon-Paleocene deposits are oil and gas bearing, the main fields are Pande (reserves 46.3 billion m3), Temane (1.7 billion m3) and Buzi (0.4 billion m3).
The only coal deposit being developed is Moatize (Meotiz) with proven reserves of 393.1 million tons (29.3 million tons are suitable for open-cast mining). Coal contains germanium, gallium and uranium. Promising areas are Mukanya-Vuzi (projected resources of 4.2 billion tons) and Sangva-Estima with coking coal (Tete province), Lunyu with thermal coal (Nyasa province). In Mozambique, one industrial deposit of uranium ores of the hydrothermal type Mavudzi (mined in 1953-68) is known, associated with an array of gabbro-pyroxenites.
Deposits of iron ores are associated with ferruginous quartzites (500 million tons in the Namapa area and 100 million tons in the Honde area), igneous deposits are also known (Caldas Xavier, Mazamba, Doa, and others). Titanium-bearing heavy sands have been found in placers along the entire coast of the Indian Ocean (the Pebane and Mwebaze deposits).
Bauxite deposits associated with weathering crusts of alkaline rocks are of low quality. The largest deposit, Alumen, has been mothballed (initial reserves 60 million tons, the remaining reserves 2.5 million tons; 1980). Small gold deposits (primary and alluvial) are located in the provinces of Manica, Tete, Zambezia and Cabo Delgado. On the territory of Mozambique, small hydrothermal deposits of copper ores Edmundien and Lonro (in the province of Manica) and the skarn deposit of Shidue (in the province of Tete) are known. On the territory of Mozambique, significant reserves of ores of rare metals (cesium, lithium, beryllium, tantalum, niobium, etc.) associated with granitic pegmatites in the provinces of Zambezia, Nampula, Manica and with massifs of carbonatites in the province of Tete have been identified. In the provinces of Zambezia and Nampula, on an area of over 50 thousand km2, about 800 ore occurrences and 100 deposits of granite pegmatites have been discovered. The most significant deposits of the Alto Ligonya region are: Muyane (Muyane), whose reserves are 1045 tons of Ta2O5 (1985), Moppya (2800 tons of Ta2O5), Marropino (720 tons of Ta2O5), Manea (72.2 tons of Ta2O5). The ores contain tantalo-niobates, beryl, spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, pollucite, bismuth, muscovite, precious tourmaline, black beryl, aquamarine, sparrowite, rose quartz, microcline, kaolin, etc. On the periphery of the Alto Ligonya region there are deposits of granite pegmatites with rare-earth (deposits of Ile, Guilhermi, Komua, etc.) and uranium-thorium (Enluma, Mugotaya, etc.) mineralization. The rare-metal pegmatites of Alto Ligogna also contain cassiterite and bismuth. In the province of Manica, the deposit of tin-bearing pegmatites Inshope is known. Ore potential of carbonatites and nepheline syenites is poorly studied. More than 1 million tons of ore containing 0.09-0.2% Nb2O5 and 0.2-0.6% Tr2O3 have been explored in the Mwambe carbonatite massif. The fluorite deposits of Dzhangire, Dombe, Lupata, and Kanshishe are confined to brecciated zones of contact between Precambrian gneisses and rocks of the Kappy system.
Precious and ornamental stones have been found in the rare-metal pegmatites of the Alto Ligonya region, where emeralds are mined (Maria-III deposit, Niane, Marropino, Monapo, Carapira), precious colored varieties of beryl (sparrowite, black beryl, noble beryl, aquamarine), tourmaline (rubellite , verdelite, indicolite) and spodumene (kunzite, hiddenite), as well as heliodor, topaz, zircon, purple and rose quartz, amazonite. Accumulations of chalcedony, agate, dumortierite and other ornamental stones are known in the northern provinces. On the territory of Mozambique, there are also deposits of asbestos (Mavita), a significant number of small deposits of graphite (Montepkez, Monapo, Nipepe, Nicomisone, Mazese), marble, limestone in the areas of Vilankulus, Mashish, Maputo, Beira, montmorillonite, diatomite and bentonite in the province of Maputo. Muscovite (Boa Esperanza, Naoppa, Mokashaya), microcline, quartz, and kaolinite were found in Alto Ligonya pegmatites.
Mining. On the territory of Mozambique, deposits of coal, ores of rare metals, precious and ornamental stones, and non-metallic minerals are being developed (Table 2, map).
Operation is carried out by artisanal and semi-artisanal methods. Coal is mined underground from the Moatize field in Tete province by the state-owned Carbomoc company. With the technical and financial assistance of the GDR and other countries, the construction of a coal pit is being carried out. Coking coal is exported to the GDR, CPP, Japan and Malawi.
Gold mining was carried out by prospectors mainly from placers (the deposits of Braganza, Revue, etc.) in 1910-49, the average annual production was 150-250 kg. copper ores on the territory of Mozambique, they have been mined intermittently since 1902 by an underground method at the Edmundien and Lonro deposits. In total, 8,000 tons of concentrate were produced, containing an average of 22% copper.
The development of rare-metal pegmatites in the Alto Ligonya region is carried out by the national companies "Minas Gerais de Mozambique Ltd." and "Empesa Mineira do Alto Ligonha SARL" open way at a depth of up to 20-25 m (fields Moppya, Marropino, Muyane). The main mining equipment is bulldozers, scrapers. Processing is carried out at the processing plants "Moppya" (100 tons of tantalum concentrate, 1983) and "Marropino" (30 tons). The average annual production in the Alto Ligonya region (1967-74) was 70 tons of microlite, 70 tons of bismuth, 300 tons of lepidolite. Taking into account losses (70-75%), up to 10 thousand tons of tantalum-niobates were extracted from the weathered ores of the Alto Ligonya deposits. Along the way, muscovite is mined in Alto Ligonya, in 1910-70 more than 1 thousand tons of sheet muscovite and scrap were mined (in the 80s up to 100 tons per year). Raw is exported to South Africa and the UK.
On the territory of the country, open-pit mining is carried out with manual ore picking of abrasive (annual production 240-884 tons) and jewelry garnet (2-17 tons), emeralds (Niana, Marropino, Piteya deposits, at least 18 kg) and emerald chips (up to 3 tons ), aquamarines and heliodors (Moppya, 500 kg), colored tourmalines (Manea, 4-12 tons), topazes (Muyane, up to 16 tons).
From the 60s. deposits of limestone (Mashishi, Vilankulos, Maputo), diatomite (Mariana, Diana, Consha), montmorillonite and bentonite (Movene, Portela, Seramika) deposits are periodically developed in the province of Maputo. Mining is carried out in an open way using excavators and bulldozers. Annually up to 6000 tons of bentonite are exported to the UK, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand. Kaolin is mined from the pegmatites of Alto Ligogna, from the Alumen bauxite deposit, and in other areas.
CLIMATE, WEATHER
The Republic of Mozambique is located in the southeast of the African continent. The area of the state is 801.6 km2. From the eastern side it is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Strait. The capital of Mozambique is called Maputo, located in the southern part of the country.
The northern half of the state belongs to a flat plateau. Its coastline is rocky, but low, dissected by natural bays. And the south of Mozambique belongs to the lowlands, so the sea coast is swampy in places. There are natural harbors here.
The territory of Mozambique belongs to two climatic zones. The north is subequatorial, the south is tropical. The difference in temperature amplitudes between the parts is 2-3 degrees. The southern part is cooler. The average annual rainfall varies between 600-1200 mm. The rainy season is from November to May.
Tourists travel to Mozambique to get to know a civilization whose heart has been beating for 2 million years. Here, the African flavor is combined with Portuguese traditions, since for some time the territory was a colony of Portugal. Before buying a tour, we recommend that you pay attention to weather in Mozambique for months.
Weather in Mozambique in January
January in Mozambique is rainy. This month, 3-5 days with precipitation are recorded. Drops up to 150 mm. Humidity reaches a maximum and is equal to 75%. The air temperature during the day is set within + 28 ° С ... + 31 ° С, and at night the thermometer drops to + 24 ° С. The wind speed in January varies in the range of 1-5 m/s. The temperature of coastal waters reaches +26°С…+29°С.
Weather in Mozambique in February
In February, the thermometer during the day remains within + 28 ° С ... + 31 ° С. At night, the thermometer drops to +23°C. There are still 3 rainy days in the month. However, the amount of precipitation drops to 80 mm. Humidity is 73%. The wind speed does not change, 1-5 m/s. The average water temperature in the strait is +28°C.
Weather in Mozambique in March
In March, the water temperature in the Mozambique Channel cools down to +26°C in places. The air temperature during daylight hours fluctuates in the range of +27°С…+30°С, at night the bar slides down to +23°С. 105 mm of precipitation is registered. Will wait 3 days. Humidity is 74%.
Weather in Mozambique in April
It gets cold in April. The air temperature in the daytime is set at + 24 ° С ... + 28 ° С, at night the column is kept within + 21 ° С. The amount of precipitation is 55 mm. 2 rainy days are registered. Humidity is 70%. The wind speed does not exceed 3 m/s. The water temperature fluctuates in the range of +25°С…+27°С.
Weather in Mozambique in May
There are 24 cloudless days in May. 1 day with precipitation is recorded. 11 mm of rain falls. Humidity drops to 64%. The air temperature during daylight hours averages +26°C, and at night - +20°C. The wind speed varies within 1-4 m/s. The water in the strait is cooled down to +24°С.
Weather in Mozambique in June
In June, the water temperature in the strait is set at +23°C. Daytime air temperature fluctuates between +22°С…+25°С, and at night the thermometer shows +18°С. 15 mm of precipitation is recorded in a month. Wait 1 day. The humidity level is 59%. The wind speed reaches 7 m/s, but in places there are gusts up to 27 m/s.
Weather in Mozambique in July
July in Mozambique is the coldest. Daytime air temperature fluctuates within +23°С, and at night the thermometer readings are set at +17°С. However, July is the driest month of the year. The amount of precipitation does not exceed 8 mm, it will rain for 20-30 minutes. However, the air humidity rises to 61%. The water temperature drops by one more mark, +22°С.
Weather in Mozambique in August
In August temperature regime June is identical. During the day, the thermometer shows + 24 ° С, and at night - + 18 ° С. Precipitation rises to 13 mm and air humidity is set to 60%. The water temperature fluctuates in the range of +21°С…+23°С. The wind speed in August sometimes reaches 9 m/s.
Weather in Mozambique in September
In September, east and southeast winds blow predominantly at a speed of 5-12 m/s. The air temperature during daylight hours varies between +26°C ... +29°C, at night the column drops to +20°C. 27 mm of precipitation falls per month. Humidity is 62%. The water in the strait warms up to +24°С…+25°С.
Weather in Mozambique in October
In October, the wind speed subsides to 4-9 m/s. The water in the strait warms up to +24°С…+27°С. During the day, the thermometer readings fluctuate between + 25 ° С ... + 27 ° С, and at night the thermometer stays at + 21 ° С. In a month, 2 days with precipitation are recorded, 75 mm of rain falls. Humidity is 69%.
Weather in Mozambique in November
In November, in Mozambique, the average daytime air temperature is +27°C, and at night the thermometer readings are set within +22°C. The amount of precipitation reaches 110 mm, it will rain for 3 days. Humidity is 72%. The water temperature remains within +24°С…+27°С. A predominantly east wind blows with gusts up to 9 m/s.
Weather in Mozambique in December
In December it rains 3-4 days. Up to 110 mm of precipitation falls. Humidity is 74%. Winds blow at a speed of 4-7 m/s. The air in the daytime warms up to + 31 ° С, and at night the thermometer readings fall to + 23 ° С. The water temperature in the strait rises to +28°C.
MOZAMBIQUE
Geographical position and nature:
State in the southeast of the African continent. In the west it borders on Malawi (the length of the border is 1,569 km), Zimbabwe (1,231 km) and Zambia (419 km), in the southwest - on the Republic of South Africa (491 km) and Swaziland (105 km), in the north - with Tanzania (756 km). In the east, the country is washed by the Mozambique Channel. The total length of the border is 4,571 km, the length of the coastline is 2,470 km. total area countries 802000 km 2 (land area - 784090 km 2). In the north of the country there is a plateau of the East African Plateau with a height of up to 2419m.
In the west rises the Matabele ledge with the highest point of the country 2436m. To the east are the coastal low plains. The central part is occupied by hills. The main rivers of the country are the Zambezi and the Limpopo. The country's largest lake is Lake Nyasa (Malawi), partly located in Mozambique. Main minerals: coal, titanium, iron ore, bauxite, copper.
Population:
The population is 18115 250 people (1995), the average population density is about 22 people per km 2. The population is mainly concentrated in the coastal regions of the country. The largest among the local tribal groups are Makua Lomwe, Tsonga, Shona, Malawi, Europeans and Indians also live in the country. The official language is Portuguese, other common languages are Makua, Malawi, Tsonga, Shona, Swahili. Local pagan beliefs are followed by 60% of the population, Christianity is practiced by 30%, Islam - 10%. Birth rate - 44.6 newborns per 1,000 people (1995) Mortality - 15.94 deaths per 1,000 people (infant mortality rate - 126 deaths per 1,000 newborns). Average life expectancy: men - 47 years, women - 51 years (1995). Only one third of the population (45% of men, 21% of women) aged 15 and over can read and write (1990).
The climate in the north is subequatorial monsoon, in the south - tropical trade winds, there are almost no temperature differences between seasons (average temperatures are 25-28°C). In the southern part of the country, the average temperatures are slightly lower (about 20 ° C), and the amount of precipitation is also less: 750 - 1,000 mm falls here annually, while in the northern part of the country and on the windward slopes of the plateaus - up to 1,500 mm.
The northern part of Mozambique is characterized by light forests, in the center of the country - light rainforests, v species composition which is dominated by brachistegia, Mlandzhian cedar. To the south of the Zambezi River, tall-grass savannahs with groups of acacias and baobabs appear.
The fauna of Mozambique is rich and varied: herds of elephants, hippos, ungulates, an abundance of lions and crocodiles live here; there are rare white rhinoceros, kaffir buffalo. Lots of birds: toucans and parrots, marabou and hawks. The coastal waters are inhabited by sawfish, swordfish, many shrimps and lobsters.
state structure, political parties:
Full name - People's Republic of Mozambique. Political system- republic. The country consists of 11 provinces, including the capital - the city of Maputo - has the status of a province. Mozambique received independence on June 25, 1975 from Portugal, this day is celebrated as a national holiday - Independence Day. The legislation is based on Portuguese civil law. The head of state and government is the president, the prime minister assists the president in managing the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is exercised by a unicameral parliament - the Assembly of the Republic. The most influential political parties: FRELIMO Party, Mozambique National Union (UNAMO), Liberal Democratic Party of Mozambique (PALMO), Mozambique National Movement (MONAMO).
Economy, transport communications:
Mozambique remains one of the poorest countries in Africa, despite the economic potential of agriculture and hydropower. GDP in 1994 amounted to $10.6 billion (GNP per capita - S610). The most developed industries: oil refining, chemical, textile, tobacco, food. Agriculture provides 50% of GNP and about 90% of exports, the main crops are cotton, sugar cane, tea, cassava, corn, rice. Cashew nuts and shrimp are the main export commodities. A sharp increase in foreign investment encouraged by government policy during recent years led to an increase in economic growth. The monetary unit is the metical (1 metical (Mt) is equal to 100 centavos). Main trading partners: Spain, South Africa, France, Japan, Great Britain, Portugal.
The total length of railways is 3,288 km, roads - 26,498 km, inland waterways - about 3,750 km. The main ports of the country: Beira, Maputo, Nacala.
In the Middle Ages, Arab traders founded their colonies on the coast of modern Mozambique. In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached the coast of Mozambique, and the Portuguese concluded agreements with the leaders of local tribes, according to which Portugal could control only the coastal regions of the country. Study central region Mozambique began with the Portuguese under the leadership of Serpa Pinto at the end of the 19th century, and in 1951 Mozambique became a maritime province of Portugal. The armed organization FRELIMO (Front for the Liberation of Mozambique), formed in 1962, fought against the Portuguese, who on June 25, 1975 recognized the independence of Mozambique. Lasted 16 years in the country Civil War ended with the signing in 1992 of a peace treaty between the ruling regime and the National Resistance Movement of Mozambique.
Sights:
Mozambique has wonderful sandy beaches, interesting fauna that attracts tourists here.
Participation in international organizations:
AfDB, TKK, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, MAP, IFAD, IFC, ILO IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAP, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO.
Mozambique a country in southeastern Africa. It borders Tanzania to the north and Tanzania to the south and southwest. South Africa and Swaziland, in the west - with Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. In the east it is washed by the Mozambique Channel.
The name of the country comes from the name of Sultan Musa Ben Mbika.
Official name: Republic of Mozambique
Capital: Maputo
The area of the land: 799.38 thousand sq. km
Total population: 22.1 million people
Administrative division: The state is divided into 11 provinces.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: President elected for a term of 5 years.
Composition of the population: 98% of the peoples of the Bantu language family: Makua, Tsonga, Malawi, Shona, etc.; immigrants from Europe and Asia (Portuguese, Indians, Pakistanis, etc.) - about 40 thousand people in total.
Official language: Portuguese. English is also used (especially in the capital). The most commonly spoken local languages are Imakua (Makua), Chinyangja (Malawi), Chishona (Shona), and Shangaan (Tsonga).
Religion: 24.25% - non-religious, 24.2% - Catholics, 17.8% - Muslims, 11.45% - non-Catholic Christians (mostly Protestants), 18.7% - syncretic cults, 3.6% - other.
Internet domain: .mz
Mains voltage:~220 V, 50 Hz
Phone country code: +258
Climate
The climate of the northern regions is subequatorial, monsoon, and the central and southern regions are tropical trade winds. Two seasons: wet (summer - November-March) and dry (winter - June-October). Average annual temperatures air is + 22 ° -27 ° С, in mountainous areas - + 18 °. Precipitation falls in the form of tropical downpours and floods occur. 2/3 of the territory receives less than 1000 mm of precipitation per year, and is subject to regular droughts (3 out of 10 years are dry). The mountains receive more than 1000 mm of precipitation per year.Geography
Mozambique stretches for 2500 km. along the southeastern coast of the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean in the southeast of the African continent. In the north it borders with Tanzania, in the south and southwest - with South Africa and Swaziland, in the west - with Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The relief of the country is very diverse and picturesque.
Almost half of the country is occupied by the Mozambique lowland, reaching a width of 400 km in the south, and narrowing to several tens of kilometers in the north.
In the north there is the Nyasa plateau (average heights 500-1000 m, some peaks rise up to 2000 m), which breaks off to the lake of the same name, and in the west and northwest there are the crystalline plateaus of Mozambique, Angoni and Motabeli with the highest point of the country - Mount Binga (2436 m.). In the southwest, near the border with South Africa, the volcanic mountains of Lebombo rise.
A part of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) also lies on the territory of the country.
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
2/3 of the territory is covered with light tropical miombo forests and savannahs. Miombos are common in the north and consist of 80% brachystegia trees (deciduous from the legume family), there are also berlinia, combretum, lianas and yulbernardia (acacia). In the river valleys, iron, red, rose and ebony trees, palm trees (Guinea, fan, raffia, date) and silk acacia grow, and in the mountains - brown mahogany and mahogany, Mlangia cedar and podocarpus (yellow tree).
Mangrove forests are located in the estuaries and on the coast. Tall-grass savannas with low-growing trees (acacia, baobab, bauhinya, kaffra, sausage tree(kigelia), sclerocaria, terminalia) prevail in the center and in the south. Acacias and mopanes, broad-leaved trees from the legume family, grow in arid areas.
Animal world
The fauna is extremely rich, especially the world of birds - doves, marabou, parrots, owls, ostriches, weavers, toucans, hoopoes, herons and hawks. Large mammals (buffaloes, giraffes, wild boars, rhinos and elephants) live mainly in national parks. Antelopes, hippos, viverras, wolves, hyenas, wild goats, zebras, crocodiles, lemurs, leopards, lions, monkeys and jackals are common. Lots of reptiles (cobras, pythons, horned snakes, turtles and lizards) and insects. Coastal waters are rich in fish (swordfish, sawfish, sardines, tuna), shrimps and lobsters.
sights
Mozambique is one of the most ancient states in the world. People have been living here for more than 2 million years, the first fossil remains of Homo sapiens were first discovered in this area. Various peoples, many of whom have now disappeared from the face of the Earth, swept through this earth in waves of migration for at least 100,000 years. Around 2,000 years ago, Bantu peoples began migrating to this area, bringing iron tools and weapons, and formed the basis modern population country. The flourishing trade in gold and ivory raised the civilization of Mozambique to one of the most high levels in Africa, and until now the bowels of the country are fraught with many mysteries and secrets of past eras.
Tourists are attracted to the country mainly by beautiful sandy beaches. The beautiful shores of Tofu, Moma, Langoshe, Lourio and Cape Barra were legendary places until recently and are rapidly regaining their former fame. The Tofu area is more accessible and more developed, with a hotel and a well-organized recreational structure relatively lightly affected. Barra is somewhat more inaccessible, but quieter, and with somewhat better conditions: clear dunes with constant surf on one side and mangrove forests and palm groves on the other side of the cape, where flocks of almost tame parrots and monkeys are quite common.
Banks and currency
Metical (international designation - MZM). $1 is equal to approximately 1000 meticals.
US dollars and South African rands are readily accepted at any point of sale. In the south it is possible to pay a large number of things and services in rands. The best place for currency exchange is private exchange offices in Maputo, which offer better conditions than banks.
Local banks have branches in most cities and make the exchange without delay, but the exchange rate is quite low and the commission is much higher than in private offices. Exchanging money on the street is not safe for a reason high level crime, mostly fraud.
The use of credit cards and traveler's checks is difficult throughout the country, in the provinces it is impossible.
Useful information for tourists
The flourishing trade in gold and ivory raised the civilization of Mozambique to one of the highest levels in Africa, and to this day the bowels of the country are fraught with many mysteries and mysteries of past eras. Tourists are attracted to the country mainly by beautiful sandy beaches. The beautiful shores of Tofu, Moma, Langoshe, Lurio and Cape Barra are legendary holiday destinations.Mozambique is located in southeast Africa, on the coast of the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean. Its territory (802 thousand sq. km) stretches from north to south along the ocean coast for almost 3000 km. It is divided into two large regions by a part of the territory of Malawi deeply wedged into the country.
In the north it borders with Tanzania, in the south and southwest - with South Africa and Swaziland, in the west - with Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. In the east it is washed by the Mozambique Channel. Two-fifths of the country's territory is occupied by coastal plains. There are several plateaus in the center of the country, reaching the highest point of 2436 m (Mount Binga) near the western border. The Namuli mountain range in the north of the country rises to 2419 m. In the northeast lies the Angonia plateau.
In the northern - wider area lies the Mozambique Plateau, descending in steps to the east to a narrow coastal lowland (up to 30 km wide). To the south, the lowland expands to 400 km, occupying a total of 44% of the entire area of the country. The northern shores are rocky and steep with coral reefs and sandy islands, the southern shores are low, partially swampy. Beautiful sea bays in the past were a haven for pirates, and then the centers of the slave trade. Along the border with South Africa, the volcanic mountains of Lebombo rise; to the north (near the border with Zimbabwe) they pass into the Inyanga ledge (with the highest point of the country - Mount Binga, 2436 m) and the Gorongoza mountain range.
Relief, soils and minerals of Mozambique
The relief of the territory is quite uniform, it is a flat plateau, inclined from west to east. Only in the northwest rise small mountain spurs. The highest peak is Mount Binga (2436 m). In the east, the plateau merges into a horizontal coastal plain stretching from the border with Tanzania to the border with South Africa, it accounts for 45% of the entire territory.
From west to east, the country is cut by 25 fairly full-flowing rivers flowing into the Indian Ocean, the largest of which is the Zambezi. Of the 820 km of its channel on the territory of M., 460 km are navigable. On the border with Malawi is Lake Nyasa, and on the border with Zimbabwe is the Kabora Bassa reservoir.
The soils are very diverse: sandy, red-brown laterized and alferritic, alluvial, etc.
The subsoil is poorly explored, the discovered minerals testify to their wealth. Coal deposits are known (its reserves are estimated at 10 billion tons), iron ore(500 million tons), tantalite, ilmenite, graphite, bauxite, manganese, platinum, gold, nickel, uranium, titanium, zirconium. In 1999, geologists discovered another titanium deposit, perhaps the largest in the world (100 million tons of metal). Two natural gas fields have been discovered (reserves of at least 60 bcm).
Water resources of Mozambique
Numerous rivers of the country originate in the mountains in the west and flow into the Mozambique Channel. main river is Zambezi, and the largest are Ruvuma, Savi and Limpopo. On the territory of the country lies also part of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi).
Ruvuma is a river in East Africa, most of the river forms the border between Tanzania and Mozambique. It is formed by the confluence of two almost equal tributaries, the longer of them, the Luzhenda, flows from the northwest, the other, also named Rovuma, from the west. Its source is located on a hilly plateau at an altitude of about 1000 m, strictly east of Lake Nyasa. Other significant tributaries, besides the Luzhenda, are the Msinzhe and the Luchulingo, flowing through wide valleys from south to north. In the lower reaches, the river expands noticeably, forming islands covered with forests, many of which are inhabited. During the dry season, the river can be forded in many places. The width of the mouth is about 1600 m. The Rovuma in the lower reaches is mostly shallow, although its width is about 800 m. There it flows through swampy plains, on the sides of which rise steep slopes of the plateau, from which several insignificant tributaries flow. The length of the river is about 1600 km.
Nyasa, Malawi, a lake in Africa, in Mozambique, Tanzania and Malawi. It is located in a discharge depression at an altitude of 472 m. The area is 30.8 thousand km2. Depth up to 706 m (in the northern part of the reservoir, where its bottom lies significantly below sea level). The shores are steep and rocky, high, especially in the north and northeast. The southern part of the basin lies in a wide depression, the banks are framed by a narrow strip of the coastal plain. The average annual inflow of water into the lake (river runoff plus precipitation) is about 72 km2, evaporation is about 66 km3. Stock on the river. Shire, flowing into the river. Zambezi. Seasonal level fluctuations reach 1 m. Wider. The lake is rich in fish (about 230 species), in particular species of tilapis, crocodiles, hippos, and many waterfowl. Strong storms and surfs near steep coasts are typical, making navigation difficult (passengers are transported only during the day). Ports: Chipoka, Nkota-Kota, Karonga, Bandawa, Monkey Bay (Malawi), Mwaya, Mbamba Bay (Tanzania), Kobwe, Metangula (Mozambique). Discovered in 1616 by the Portuguese G. Bucarru.
Climate of Mozambique
The climate of the north is close to equatorial; in the south - tropical trade winds. There are only two seasons: wet summer and dry winter. Temperatures in most areas are very high (+25 - +28C), and the maximum marks occur during the rainy season. On the plains there is almost no difference between summer and winter temperatures, although the plateau is somewhat cooler. The amount of precipitation decreases from north to south from 1500 to 500 mm per year. Tropical showers occur on the coast and in the mountains, sometimes causing catastrophic floods, and in the south the main disaster is droughts (especially strong were observed in 1974, 1982 and 1983). There are many rivers, the largest of them - Zambezi, Limpopo, Savi and Ruvuma are navigable only in the lowlands. All rivers flow from west to east and empty into the Indian Ocean. In the rainy season, floods take on a threatening character in some years, while in the dry season, many rivers become shallow, turning into chains of lakes, or completely dry up. The inconstancy of the flow, shallows, rapids and waterfalls in the mountainous part make navigation difficult. Mozambique owns the eastern steep shores of a giant freshwater lake. Nyasa, lying at the junction of Mozambique, Malawi and Tanzania.
Flora and fauna of Mozambique
Approximately 2/3 of the country's territory is occupied either by tall grass savannah with isolated groups of acacias and baobabs (park savannah), or deciduous light forest called miombo. Savannah dominates the plateaus and uplands, as well as in the dry central regions in the south of the country. Miombo is found in many places, but especially on the plateau north of the river. Zambezi. The high areas are occupied by mountain forests with Mlangian cedar and podocarpu. In southern Mozambique, broad-leaved mopani, acacia and other low-growing trees form a forest savanna ("mopaniveld") that sheds its leaves during the dry season. Dense tropical forests with valuable species of trees (black, iron, pink), palm trees and lianas stand like a green wall along the banks of the rivers; The coast is occupied by mangroves. In general, forests occupy about 1/5 of the territory, but they are becoming less and less due to clearing for agriculture or for fuel. Arable land occupies about 4% of the country's area, pastures - 56%. The animal world is extremely rich and diverse, especially the world of reptiles and birds, and Russian swallows winter in the south of the country.
At the same time, large mammals and predators are fully represented only in natural parks: elephants, African (Kaffir) buffaloes (here are the largest herds), white rhinos, antelopes, zebras, lions, leopards, hyenas, jackals, hippos, crocodiles.
Population of Mozambique
The population of Mozambique in 2007 was 20,366,795 people. In 2006, the natural population growth was 1.8%, having decreased by 0.8% compared to 1996. Infant mortality has decreased since 1996 from 125 to 109 per 1,000 babies. The birth rate decreased from 45 to 30, while the death rate increased from 18.97 to 20.51 per 1,000 people, respectively. The number of people over 65 increased from 2.8% to 3%, children - decreased from 46% to 44.7%, respectively. According to forecasts, by 2050 the number of people over 65 in the country will grow to 7.8%.
98% of the population of Mozambique are peoples of the Bantu language family. The most numerous people are the Makua people (more than 50%) living in the north of the country. In the south, on the border with South Africa, the Tsonga (about 25%) are settled. Malawi (about 13%) and Yao (more than 3%) live along Lake Nyasa, in the center - Shona (about 6%), in the northeast - Makonde. There are also Swahili, Zulu, which are much smaller in number.
The country is inhabited by immigrants from Asia (Indians make up 0.08% of the population), as well as mulattos. The number of people of European nationality has greatly decreased (from 2% to 0.06%) after Mozambique gained independence. In total, 16 different ethnic groups are represented here, the largest of which is the Makua people living in northern Mozambique. to one more northern peoples include Makonde, known for their wood carvings and lupembe (wind instruments). In the central part of Mozambique live the Sen, in the south of the Shangaan. Europeans and Portuguese make up only less than 1% of the population.
The majority of the population of Mozambique adhere to traditional African beliefs, while the remaining minority professes Christianity (especially urban residents) or Islam (mainly residents of the northern region of the country). These three main religious groups are in constant interaction with each other, so it is quite common to see specific traits traditional beliefs in Mozambican Christianity or Islam and vice versa.
The official language in Mozambique is Portuguese, but it is spoken by only about a quarter of the population, those who have a school education. The Portuguese language is used in educational institutions, in business and the economy, the government, which in turn causes considerable inconvenience to those residents of the country who do not speak this language at all. In addition to the Portuguese language, about 60 different languages and dialects are used by the local population, mostly with Bantu roots. It is quite primitive to classify the use of a particular language depending on the region of the country. So, for example, 40% of the population living in the north of the Zambezi River use a rare Macua Longwe dialect. The Tsonga language is predominant south of Limpopo, while the Tonga and Shona languages can be heard in the central part of the country. Some residents communicate in the Kiswahili language, which is a simplified version of the Bantu language with Arabic features.
Source - http://www.igras.ru/
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