Rows are poisonous (Tricholoma pardinum). False and dangerous double among edible species: descriptions of the poisonous row What does the ordinary row look like

Ryadovki belong to the genus of ground agaric mushrooms from the family of the same name. characteristic features are colored hats with a scaly or fibrous surface, fairly dense legs, and a very strong and pungent odor. Consider what different types rows differ from each other, and what features they have.

In nature, there are a huge variety of varieties of rows, which differ significantly from each other both in appearance, as well as properties. The list is quite large, and includes about thirty items, including:

It should be borne in mind that among these species there are edible and poisonous rows. Therefore, when going to the forest for these mushrooms, it is important to learn how to understand them well.

What do mushrooms look like

It is very important for lovers of mushroom dishes to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat rows look like so as not to mistakenly send a dangerous poisonous specimen to their basket.

Depending on the species, these mushrooms can have a different shape and color, so it is very important to know how to distinguish one variety from another.

Rows are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous. It is quite difficult for inexperienced mushroom pickers to tell the difference between them at a glance. Therefore, we will first consider those types of rows that can be collected without any fear.

One of the most popular varieties is the edible gray row. It is characterized by a hat diameter of 3 to 12 cm. The color of the hat is gray, in some cases with an olive or purple tint. Its shape may initially be slightly conical or convex, but becomes flatter with time. Roughness or ripples are visible along the edges. The leg of this type of mushroom can reach a height of 5 to 16 centimeters. Its color is usually white or slightly yellowish, in most cases, powdery. The pulp has a fibrous structure, as well as a mild odor.

Row purple belongs to the category conditionally edible mushrooms. Young specimens are characterized by a bright and rich purple color, which eventually begins to fade and turn pale. Like many other species, the cap has a slightly curved and wavy shape. Another distinctive feature of this species is a pleasant taste and aroma, somewhat similar to the aroma of anise. Like many other types of conditionally edible mushrooms, before that, they must be processed in accordance with all the rules.

Another popular species is the poplar row, which belongs to the category of edible mushrooms of the third category. This type of fungus got its name due to the ability to form mycorrhiza (symbiosis) with poplar roots. His hat is spherical and rather fleshy with slightly curled edges - its diameter can vary from 6 to 12 cm. Its color is very interesting, since it varies from gray-reddish to olive-brown. As the fungus grows, uneven cracks begin to form on the edges of the cap. The color of the pulp of this fruit is whitish, and directly under the cap is reddish.

Where do they grow?

For everyone who is interested in cooking delicious mushroom dishes, it is important to know where the rows grow. Most often they are found in those types of terrain, which are characterized by sandy soils covered with moss. They grow mainly in coniferous forests and pine forests, which is why they are often called sunflowers. In addition, rows often grow in parks and gardens. The very name of these mushrooms suggests that they grow in rows, which are often quite long.

It should be borne in mind that representatives of different varieties of rows prefer different habitats. So, for example, May can be found not only in coniferous forests, but also in deciduous, as well as in meadows and fields.

When can you collect?

Another important question that interests everyone who would like to cook something tasty from these mushrooms is when to collect rows. The very first mushrooms begin to appear as early as May, but the bulk of the crop is usually harvested from early August to late October.

Experienced mushroom pickers prefer such types of this mushroom as gray, red, and also crowded rows. Using these fruits, you can cook many delicious dishes. They can be fried, pickled or salted, however, when starting cooking, it is imperative to pre-process them:

carefully remove the skin from the caps,
Rinse each fruit thoroughly under running water.

It is necessary to rinse very carefully, since the smallest grains of sand and debris can clog between the plates in the cracks.

Edible and non-edible: how to distinguish

Even before harvesting mushrooms, it is important to understand how rows of edible and inedible rows are distinguished from each other.

Fortunately, most varieties are edible and completely safe. These include:

Each of these species is characterized by individual properties and features.

The May row is characterized by a cream color, which begins to turn white over time. White plates, on the contrary, turn gray over time. According to its taste and aromatic properties, the pulp of this mushroom resembles fresh flour.

It is quite easy to recognize a twisted row. Often these mushrooms grow together so closely that it becomes very problematic to separate them from each other. This explains their characteristic name. The cap of this variety is fleshy, but at the same time brittle. The grayish-brown pulp has an elastic and fibrous texture, a pronounced floury smell, as well as a delicate and pleasant taste that leaves no gourmet indifferent.

Earthy rowing is quite widely used in cooking in many European countries. The color of the cap can vary from gray to grayish brown. Its flesh has a dense texture and white color. Pronounced taste and aromatic properties are not characteristic of it.

Row poplar - one of the largest species. Its color is predominantly yellowish or terracotta with noticeable lightened edges. The dense pulp, as a rule, has a whitish color.

As for inedible varieties, these include:

brown;
white;
leopard.

Eating them leads to serious poisoning, so take extra care when harvesting mushrooms.

Row is poisonous: how to determine it

A huge danger is poisonous rowing, some of the species of which in appearance are in many ways similar to edible specimens. The gray row is poisonous, containing a toxic substance, contributes to the occurrence of gastric disorders in severe forms.

A similar effect is exerted by the white poisonous row, which has a dull and nondescript gray-white color. Young individuals practically do not have any smell, however, over time, something very unpleasant begins to appear, reminiscent of the musty smell of stale radish.

Some other varieties of toxic rows, unfortunately, have a smell that is almost indistinguishable from the smell of edible specimens, so you need to Special attention give outward signs. One of them is a tiger or leopard row, a characteristic spotted color.

There are many varieties of rows. It is very important to learn how to distinguish safe from toxic if you want to cook delicious mushroom dishes.

Systematics:

Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
Family: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomovye or Ryadovkovye)
Genus: Tricholoma (Tricholoma or Ryadovka)
View: Tricholoma portentosum (Grey row)

Other names for mushroom:

Synonyms:

Row hatched
Row is strange
sunflower
Podzelenka
Sandpiper gray
Serushka
Agaricus portentosus
Gyrophila portentosa
Gyrophila sejuncta var. portentosa
Melanoleuca portentosa

Description

Hat: 4-12, up to 15 centimeters in diameter, broadly bell-shaped, convexly procumbent with age, then flatly procumbent, in adult specimens the edge of the cap may be slightly wavy and fissured. A wide tubercle remains in the center. Light gray, darker with age, there is a yellowish or greenish tinge. The skin of the cap is smooth, dry, pleasant to the touch, in wet weather it is sticky, covered with pressed fibers of a darker, blackish color, diverging radially from the center of the cap, so the center of the cap is always darker than the edges.

Leg: 5-8 (and up to 10) centimeters long and up to 2.5 cm thick. Cylindrical, sometimes slightly thickened at the base, can be curved and go deep into the soil. White, greyish, greyish-yellowish, light lemon yellowish, slightly fibrous in the upper part or may be covered with very small dark scales.

plates: adnate with a tooth, medium frequency, wide, thick, thinning towards the edge. White in young mushrooms, with age - grayish, with yellowish spots or completely yellowish, lemon yellow.

Bedspread, ring, Volvo: absent.

spore powder: White
controversy: 5-6 x 3.5-5 µm, colorless, smooth, broadly ellipsoid or ovate-ellipsoid.

pulp: The gray row is quite fleshy in the cap, where the flesh is white, under the skin - gray. The leg is dense with yellowish flesh, yellowness is more intense in case of mechanical damage.
Smell: slight, pleasant, mushroomy and slightly floury, in old mushrooms sometimes unpleasant, floury.
Taste: soft, sweetish.

Season and distribution

From autumn to winter frosts. With a slight freezing, it completely restores the taste. It was previously indicated that Ryadovka gray grows mainly in the southern regions (Crimea, Novorossiysk, Mariupol), but its region is much wider, it is found throughout the temperate zone. Featured in Western Siberia. Fruits unevenly, often in large groups.

Ecology

The fungus appears to form mycorrhiza with pine. Grows on sandy soil in pine and mixed with pine forests and old plantings. Often grows in the same places as Ryadovka green (greenfinch,). According to some reports, it also occurs on rich soils in deciduous forests with the participation of beech and linden (information from the SNO).

Edibility

A good edible mushroom, consumed after heat treatment (boiling). Suitable for preservation, salting, pickling, you can eat freshly prepared. It can also be prepared for future use by drying. It is also important that even very adults retain their taste qualities (they do not taste bitter).
M. Vishnevsky notes medicinal properties of this row, in particular, the antioxidant effect.

Similar species

There are a great many rows with a predominance of gray in color, we will name only the main similar ones.
An inexperienced mushroom picker may confuse the gray row with the poisonous pointed row (), which has a bitter taste and a more pronounced, sharp tubercle.
The row is earthy-gray (earthy) () does not turn yellow with age and on damage, in addition, very young specimens of Tricholoma terreum have a private veil, which collapses very quickly.
Row Gulden () is more attached to spruces than pines, and prefers to grow on loamy or calcareous soils, while Row gray prefers sandy soils.

Ryadovka is the collective name of mushrooms belonging to the lamellar genus, the Ryadovkovy family. More than 2500 members of this family have been classified. Most of Rows are edible, but there are also poisonous mushrooms.

Edible rows include: gray row, poplar row, giant row, scaly row, massive row, matsutake, purple-legged row, yellow row. Most of them are classified as conditionally edible mushrooms. Row mushroom loves to grow on sandy soil in mixed or coniferous forests. Fruits, mainly from August to October. Edible rowan mushrooms have a pleasant taste.

They are pickled, salted, fried, pre-processed (boil for 30 minutes). But it is better to collect young mushrooms for food, since mature rows have a bitter taste. These mushrooms are of great value for tuberculosis patients, but it is better to use them after consulting specialists.

You should not give these mushrooms, as well as others, to children.

Mushroom photo

Row mushrooms (photo), the main difference of which is the color of the cap, forms mycorrhiza with coniferous trees. Often they can be seen growing in a row or in a circle. Ryadovka (photo) has healing properties.

They are used in the preparation of antibiotics.

Row purple- a good edible mushroom, the hallmark of which is the color of the cap. It is also called the violet row for the purple hue of the skin on the hat. The hat itself reaches 15 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, in mature ones, with an almost flat hat shape, the edges remain bent to the bottom.

The flesh of the cap is dense, with a purple tint in young mushrooms. The smell has floral shades. The mushroom plates are wide and free. The stem may be slightly paler than the cap. The height reaches 8 cm, and the thickness is 2 cm. Another name for this type of rowing is the purple-legged rowing.

Row poplar belongs to category 3 mushrooms. Its other name is poplar mushroom. It is also a rather large mushroom, having a cap up to 15 cm in adulthood.

In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, sometimes rounded-cone-shaped, while in mature mushrooms, the cap becomes flatter with a small notch in the center. The edges of the cap are usually uneven with cracks. The color of the skin varies from yellow to terracotta, with lightened edges. To the touch, the skin is sticky with sticky litter. The stem reaches 6 cm in length, 3 cm in diameter.

The shape can be cylindrical, sometimes spindle-shaped. Slightly widened towards the base. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, white.

- the Russian version of the name of the row, which is better known as the tiger or leopard row. The mushroom owes such an unusual name to gray scales that densely dotted the hat. The cap itself has a silvery bluish tint with a black tubercle in the center. In young mushrooms, the plates are off-white in color with a greenish tinge, later they are painted olive-gray.

The leg has a powdery coating. Prefers to grow on calcareous soils alone or in circles. This type of rowing causes severe gastrointestinal poisoning. The main danger of the fungus is its pleasant smell, which does not at all resemble a poisonous mushroom.

In case of poisoning, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea appear already in the first 15 minutes after ingestion. Row gray differs from its relatives in a pale gray hat, sometimes with a purple tint. The shape of young mushrooms is conical-convex, and later acquires a flat shape with a flat tubercle in the center. The surface is smooth, but as it matures, cracks appear.

The leg of the gray row is white or grayish. The smooth surface can sometimes be covered with flakes. The flesh of the fungus may have a yellowish tint, but is more often grayish-white. It has a pleasant taste and powdery smell.

With a row of gray, a great similarity is found in the earthy row. But the difference is the fibrous-scaly cap and rarer plates. Inexperienced mushroom pickers often confuse a gray row with a poisonous fibrous row, which has a thinner skin on an ash-gray hat (it is white-gray in an edible one) and a burning flesh. Brown row or sweetie- although it looks like a very attractive mushroom, it is considered inedible by many because of the bitter taste of its pulp. The color of the cap is more of a reddish-brown.

The skin is dry to the touch, with small scales. The edges are usually lighter than the middle, in the center of which there is a blunt tubercle. The plates are wide and frequent. At the beginning of development, they are white, then they acquire a red-brown hue with spots.

The pulp of the mushroom is dense, white, slightly fibrous. Grows in close proximity to pine trees. Row red more commonly known as pine or yellow-red honey agaric, it belongs to category 4 conditionally edible mushrooms. It is harvested at the beginning of ripening, as more mature mushrooms develop an unpleasant aftertaste.

In appearance, it differs in a more massive, slightly curved leg with a thickened base. The mushroom cap is orange-yellow. It is velvety to the touch and covered with reddish fibrous scales.

The flesh is bright yellow in color, thick and dense in the cap, and more fibrous in the stem. Bitter in taste. It has a sour smell, reminiscent of rotten wood. Row yellow or a beautiful (decorated) rowing is slightly smaller in size than the rest of the family. Quite a rare mushroom.

There is practically no tubercle on the olive-yellow cap, but the center of the cap is painted in a darker color. In mature mushrooms, it acquires an almost flat shape, with jagged edges. The plates are yellow, frequent and narrow. The stem has a small diameter - only 1 cm in mature mushrooms. Thickened at the base.

Small scales are visible on the surface. The leg is hollow inside. The color of the pulp is yellow on the cap and brown on the stem.

It has a pleasant woody aroma, but a bitter aftertaste. He likes to grow on the remains of trees, rotten trees, in small groups.

White-brown rowing (Tricholoma albobrunneum) photo

It grows in dry coniferous (usually pine) forests, in July-September. The cap is 4-9 cm in diameter, at first hemispherical, convex-prostrate, tuberculate, radially fibrous, finely scaly in the center, dark red-brown, chestnut-brown-brown with a darker middle. The flesh of the cap is white, reddish-brown under the skin.

The plates are adnate with a tooth, white, with reddish spots. Leg 3-7 cm long, 1-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, widened, in a mature mushroom sometimes narrowed towards the base, fibrous, mealy at the top, white, usually with a clear color border, without a gradual transition, downwards - brownish-fibrous, with red -brown belts, brownish to the base. Leg flesh is white.

Row white-brown inedible.

Row mouse (pointed) (Tricholoma virgatum) photo

It grows in moist coniferous and deciduous forests, in September-October. Occurs frequently. The cap is 4-8 cm in diameter, first bell-conical, then hump-shaped, ash-gray, dark in the center, with a striped edge and a sharp tubercle. The plates are frequent, wide, adhering to the stalk with a tooth or almost free, deeply notched, grayish, with a black edge, turning gray with age. Spore powder is white.

The taste is sharp, bitter. Leg 6-8 cm long, 1.5-2 cm thick, cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, dense, whitish or grayish. The surface of the mushroom stem is slightly fibrous.

Row pointed inedible.

Sulfur-yellow rowing (Tricholoma sulphureum) photo

It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests on the ground and on stumps in August-October. The cap is 3-10 cm in diameter, at first conical, with a tubercle, later flat-convex, bright sulfur-yellow, darker in the center, pale along the edges. The pulp is sulfur-yellow or greenish, the smell and taste are unpleasant, tar or hydrogen sulfide.

The plates are rare, sulfur-yellow. Spore powder is white. Leg 5-8 cm long, 0.7-1 cm thick, smooth, often curved, whitish-gray-yellow.

Row gray-yellow inedible, slightly poisonous.

This type of fungus is very poisonous and dangerous to human health. If you use it in food, even in small quantities, it can cause disorders. gastrointestinal tract in serious form. The reason is an unexplored toxin that is contained in these mushrooms. Its danger to a greater extent lies in the fact that it has a very pleasant smell and taste, so it is difficult to perceive it as poisonous. Most often, this mushroom can be seen in deciduous and coniferous forests.

Although it is a mycorrhizal fungus, it can also often be found on the edges of forests, where they occur in large groups, forming the so-called witch rings. These mushrooms are most fruitful from August to October. As for the cap of the poison row, it is first spherical in shape, and then becomes flat-prostrate with a wrapped edge.

Its color is grayish-white, off-white or blackish-gray with a bluish tint. From above, it is covered with flaky scales that diverge concentrically. The pulp of the mushroom is very dense, grayish in color with a floury smell.

The mushroom is very poisonous, can cause serious damage to the gastrointestinal tract, so we do not recommend eating it.

Row white

Row brown-yellow

Row smelly

Row yellow-red

Row pointed

Larch row

Row soapy

Ryadovka belted

Row orange

Row poplar

Row decorated

Stinky Row (Tricholoma inamoenum) photo

It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, singly and in groups, in September-November. The hat is 5-8 cm in diameter, white, with brownish tints, convex or flattened. The plates are quite rare, whitish, adherent to the stem. Spore powder white.

The pulp is light, dense, has a pungent smell of lighting gas. The leg is long, dense and elastic, 1-2 cm in diameter, the same color as the cap. Row smelly - inedible hallucinogenic mushroom, causing auditory and visual hallucinations when consumed.

Systematics:

Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
Family: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomovye or Ryadovkovye)
Genus: Tricholoma (Tricholoma or Ryadovka)
View: Tricholoma pardinum (poisonous rowweed)

Other names for mushroom:

Synonyms:

Row leopard
Agaricus unguentatus
Tricholoma unguentatum

First officially described by Person (Christiaan Hendrik Persoon) in 1801, the Poison Row (Tricholoma pardinum) has a convoluted taxonomic history that spans over two centuries. In 1762, the German naturalist Jacob Christian Schäffer described the species Agaricus tigrinus with an illustration consistent with what is thought to be T. pardinum, and consequently the name Tricholoma tigrinum was erroneously used in some European writings.

As of now (spring 2019): some sources consider the name Tricholoma tigrinum to be synonymous with Tricholoma pardinum. However, authoritative databases (Species Fungorum, MycoBank) support Tricholoma tigrinum as a distinct species, although the name is hardly practical at present and there is no modern description for it.