Some samples and characteristics of the Russian military equipment.
Title: Perspective aviation complex front-line aviation PAK-FA: T-50
Type: fifth generation multirole fighter
Developer: Sukhoi Design Bureau, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m: 19.7
Height, m: 4.7
Wingspan, m: 14
Wing area, m2: 79
Masses, kg:
Empty: 18500
Normal takeoff: 26000
Maximum takeoff: 36000
Fuel in internal tanks: 10400
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 2440 (M=2.3)
Near the ground: 1700
Practical ceiling, m: 20000
Rate of climb, m/s: 330
Maximum operating overload: 10.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 350/350
Practical range, km:
4300 without PTB,
5500 with 2 PTB
Range, km: 1500…1800
Flight duration: up to 5.8 hours
Engine: 2 TRDDF Saturn "Product 117S" AL-41F1 (flight at supersonic speed without afterburner and resource increased to 4000 hours, in 2016 it is planned to install a promising engine "Product 129", which has flat nozzles to reduce radar visibility).
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8800
Afterburner: 2x14500
Name: Tank T-14 "Armata"
Type: main tank
Manufacturer: KB UralVagonZavod, Russia
Crew, people: 3
Length, body m: 8.35
Length with gun forward, m: 10.40
Width, m: 4
Height, m: 2.80 on the roof of the tower
Combat weight, kg: 57000
Engine: 12 - cylinder, X-shaped diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (aka 12N360 and 2V12-3)
Power, hp: lowered from 1500 to 1200 to save engine life
Dry engine weight, kg: 1550
Speed, km/h:
Highway: 70
Power reserve, km: 520
Armament:
1 x 125mm 2A82 smoothbore gun capable of firing guided missiles
1 x 7.62 mm tank modernized Kalashnikov machine gun
1x12.7 mm machine gun "Kord" (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander's panorama
Like a tank gun, machine gun control is remote-digital
Ammunition, pcs:
Shots to the gun: 45 (of which 32 in the automatic loader)
Cartridges for machine guns: caliber 7.62 - 2000 pcs. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds in the belts at the rear of the turret.
Caliber 12.7 mm - 300 pcs. and 300 cartridges in tapes are stored in a box
Loading: automatic loader
Rate of fire in combat conditions, rds / min: 10
Target detection range, m: up to 5000
Target engagement range, m: up to 7000
Built on the universal tracked platform "Armata", it uses the best practices from the projects of experimental tanks T-95 and "Black Eagle". The tank is larger and heavier than the T-90 and has seven rollers on board. The crew consists of three people. Among the main features of "Armata" is an uninhabited tower. None of the crew members are stationed in the tower during the battle. Resistant armor is created using a new grade of steel, and the addition of ceramic and composite layers. Steel grade 44S-SV-Sh was created at JSC Research Institute of Steel.
The operation of the tower is fully automated and has a remote control. Emphasis was placed on the comfort and safety of the crew. The crew must be better protected than any other tank in the world. The capsule has active protection.
Name: T-72B
Type: main tank
Developer: Design Bureau of the Ural Carriage Works, Russia
Start of production: 1985
Combat weight, t: 42.5
Crew, people: 3
Dimensions:
Length (with gun forward), m: 9.53
Width, m: 3.46
Height (on the roof of the tower), m: 2.226
Clearance, m: 0.47
Booking: anti-projectile combined with hinged dynamic protection
Armament: 1 x 125 mm 2A46M cannon 1 x 7.62 mm PKT machine gun 1 x 12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
1 x 9K120 Svir guided weapon system (ATGM 9M112 with radio control and optical feedback)
Cannon firing range, m:
Maximum: 4000
Effective: n/a
Projectile weight: up to 23kg
Beginning projectile speed, m / s: up to 850 (at 23 kg) up to 1700 (at 7.05 kg)
Ammunition for the gun, pcs.: 45
Ammunition for the PKT machine gun, piece: 2000
Ammunition for the NSVT machine gun, pcs.: 300
Ammunition for anti-tank systems, pcs.: 4
Pointing angles:
Horizontally, degrees: 360
Vertical, degrees: -6 to +14
Engine: V-84-1 diesel
Power, l/s: 840
Max, speed, km/h:
Highway: 60
Cross country: 35
By water: n/a
Power reserve, km: 500 (700 with external tanks)
Overcome obstacles:
Rise at an angle, deg.: 30
Roll, degrees: 25
Wall height, m: 0.85
Ditch width, m: 2.8
Ford depth, m: 1.2 (with OPVT - 5)
Equipment:
R-173 radio station, R-174 intercom, GPK-59 navigation equipment, TDA smoke screen installation, 8 x 902B, commander's sighting system TKN-ZV, fire extinguishing equipment ZETS13 "Hoarfrost" with freon cylinders.
Adoption Soviet army in 1985, tanks of a new modification T-72B became a kind of response to the appearance in the armed forces of NATO of tanks of the third post-war generation: "Leopard-2", Ml "Abrams" and "Challenger". The design of the T-72B implemented the latest achievements of the then Soviet defense industry - a dynamic protection system and a complex of tank guided weapons.
Armor protection:
The armor of the T-72 is rolled and cast steel, the VLD of the hull (on all models) and the frontal armor of the turret (most models) are combined. The hull of the tank is welded, made of rolled armor parts of various thicknesses and designs. VLD combined, inclined at an angle of 68° from the vertical. NLD made of homogeneous steel, its thickness is 80 mm (on the T-72A it was increased to 100 mm). The steel sheets of the side armor are 70-80 mm thick.
Name: Tu-160 "Blackjack"
Type: Strategic supersonic missile bomber
Crew: 4
Length, m: 54.1
Height, m: 13.1
Wingspan, m: 55.7/35.6
Wing area, m2: 360
Masses, kg:
Empty: 118000
Normal takeoff: 267600
Maxim. takeoff: 275000
Fuel: 148000
Maxim. combat load: 40000
Normal combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Altitude: 2200
Near the ground: 1030
Cruising: 850
Practical ceiling, m: 15000
Maxim. rate of climb, m/min: 4200
Maxim. operating overload: 3.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 2000/1600
Required runway length, m: 3050
Breakaway speed, km/h: 284
Landing speed, km/h: 300
Practical range, km (without refueling):
With normal loading - more than 12500
With max. Loading - 10500
Flight duration, h: 15
Engine: 4xTRDDF NK-32
Thrust, kgf:
Afterburner: 4x25000
Armament: no built-in armament. Two weapon compartments can accommodate various loading options weighing up to 40,000 kg: up to 12 X-55 type missiles, up to 12 X-15 type missiles, KAB of various types with a caliber of up to 1500 kg, thermonuclear and conventional bombs, mines.
avionics: the aircraft is equipped with an integrated sighting and navigation system, including a backup INS, an astronavigation system, a radar, an optoelectronic automatic bombing sight. There is an electronic warfare complex.
Name: Tu-142M "Bear-E"
Type: Anti-submarine aircraft
Developer: Tupolev Design Bureau, Russia
Crew, people: 10-11
Length, m: 55.1
Height, m: 13.6
Wingspan, m: 50.04
Wing area, m2: 289.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: 91800
Maxim. takeoff: 182000
Fuel: 86000
Maxim. combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Maxim. at altitude: 855
Cruising: 735
Practical ceiling, m: 10600
Takeoff / run length, m: 2530 / n.d
Practical flight range, km: 10050
Range, km: 5000
Flight duration, h: 12
Engine: 4xTVD NK-12MV
Power, hp: 4х15000
Armament:
Ammunition: n / a
The bomb bays can accommodate various weapons weighing up to 9000 kg; depth charges, torpedoes, rockets, as well as various sonar buoys. Up to 8 Kh-35 anti-ship missiles can be suspended on parts of the aircraft under the wings.
Airborne avionics: aircraft are equipped with various search and sighting systems: Korshun, Korshun-Kaira, 2 Korshun-K, Berkut, as well as electronic warfare systems.
Name: Su-30 (T-10PU) "Flanker-C"
Type: Air defense fighter-interceptor
Manufacturer: OKB Sukhoi, Russia
Crew: 2
Length, m (with PVD): 21.93
Height, m: 6.35
Wingspan, m: 14.7
Wing area, m2: 62.04
Masses, kg:
Empty: 17500
Normal takeoff: 24000
Maxim. takeoff: 30500
Fuel in internal tanks: 9400
Maxim. combat load: 4000
Speed, km/h:
At height: 2125(M=2.0)
Near the ground: 1400 (M=1.14)
Practical ceiling, m: 17500
Rate of climb, m/s: 13700
Maxim. operating overload: 9
Takeoff / run length, m: 750/650
Breakaway speed, km/h: 270
Landing speed, km/h: 240
Practical range, km:
Altitude: 3000
Near ground: 1300
With one refueling: 5200
Engine: 2xAL-31F
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x7600
Afterburner: 2x12500
Armament:
1хGSh-301 (30mm, 1500 rds/min)
Ammunition, pcs: 150
Air-to-air missile armament is similar to that of the Su-27P, but with the possibility of using R-77 missiles with an active RGSN.
avionics: SUV similar to that used on the Su-27P. Additionally, the Su-30 avionics includes special communication and guidance equipment for fighters operating in the group. All data on the tactical situation is displayed on a widescreen display in the rear cockpit, from where the target distribution in the group takes place. Also on the Su-30, the navigation system, SDU, have been modernized, there is an in-flight refueling system. The defense complex is similar to the Su-27P. Serial production started in 1991. in Irkutsk.
Name: MiG-25PD (ed. 84D) "Foxbat-E"
Type: Interceptor
Producer: OKB MiG, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m (with LDPE): 22.3
Height, m: 6.6
Wingspan, m: 14.056
Wing area, m2: 61.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: about 20,000
Normal takeoff: 34920
Maxim. takeoff: 41000
Fuel in internal tanks: 14750
Maxim. combat load: 1800
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 3000 (M=2.83)
Near ground: 1200
Practical ceiling, m: 20700
Rate of climb, m/sec: n/a
Maxim. operating overload: 5
Takeoff / run length, m: 1250/800 (with TP)
Breakaway speed, km/h: 360
Landing speed, km/h: 290
Practical range, km: 1730
Ferry range, km: n/a
Engine: 2xRD-15BD-300
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8000
Afterburner: 2x11200
Armament: up to four R-40RD missiles with PARGSN and R-40TD with IKGSN, or up to four R-60 and R-60M missiles with IKGSN in various combinations. There is no built-in cannon armament. It is possible to hang one PTB (5300kg) under the fuselage.
Airborne: N005 Sapphire-25 radar with AVM-25 computer and TP-23Sh1 heat direction finder.
The interceptor is guided using the Lazur-M command radio control line, SPO-15 Bereza is installed to warn about exposure.
The first flight of the MiG-25PD was made on November 19, 1977 under the control of test pilot Menitsky V.E. Serial production took place at the Sokol NGAZ in 1978-79, more than 150 units were produced, some of the machines were exported to Iraq, Syria and Algeria.
Name: 5P85S
Type: launcher of the S-300PS complex
Equipped with preparation and management container
Rocket launch and autonomous power supply system 5S18A
Combat crew, people: 4
Type of missiles: 5V55R.
Ammunition, pcs: 4
SAM deployment time: 5 min.
Maximum effective launch range:
(target height over 2000m) 47 km.
(target height up to 25m) 25 km.
Max Height
Launch: 30000 m.
Minimum launch height: 25 m.
Max speed
Targets: 1.167 m/s
Chassis: MAZ-543M
Maximum speed, km/h: 60
Power reserve, km: 650
Weight, kg: 20000
Length: 9.4 m.
Width: 3.1 m.
Height: 3.7 m.
Type: 130-mm self-propelled gun mount of the coastal artillery complex A-222 "Bereg"
Producer: TsKB "Titan", Russia
Crew: 8
Length, m: 12.95
Width, m: 3.2
Height, m: 3.925
Combat weight, kg: 43700
Booking: n/a
Engine: diesel, D-12A-525A
Power, hp: 525
Max. speed, km/h:
Highway:60
Power reserve, km: 650
Armament:
1x130mm gun
Firing range, km: 23
Projectile type: high-explosive F-44
Projectile weight, kg: 33.4 (all types)
Beginning projectile speed, m/s: 850.
Ammunition, pcs: 48
Pointing angles, degrees:
Vertical: -5/+50
Horizontal: +/-120
Rate of fire, rds / min: 14
State tests of the 130-mm self-propelled coastal artillery system A-222 "Bereg" were completed on May 30, 1993.
The complex is designed to defend the coast from ships, aircraft and KR (within the guidance angles) of the enemy.
The complex consists of a self-propelled artillery mount(up to 4 units), fire control system BR-136 and combat duty support vehicle.
All components of the A-222 "Bereg" complex are placed on the MAZ-543M chassis with the wheel arrangement 8X8. The weight of the chassis is 21 tons.
The gun mount cannon uses shells from the AK-130 ship gun mount, but the barrel has a muzzle brake and an ejector. The length of the barrel is about 54 calibers, a number of elements of the swinging part are taken from the self-propelled guns 2S19 "Msta".
Charging unitary type.
The installation is equipped with a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder and an optoelectronic command sight, which allows you to autonomously fire at targets in the event of the destruction or failure of the BR-136 Podacha fire control system.
Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (project 1143.5 "Eagle")
Displacement, tons: 55000 standard 67500 full
Dimensions, m: 302.5 × 72.3 × 10.5.2 aircraft lifts
Speed, knots: 30
Power plant: 8 boilers, 4 GTZA. 200000 hp 4 screws.
Range, miles: 3850 at 29 knots, 8500 at 18 knots, 12000 at 10 knots
Crew: 2590 people, incl. 626 air wing.
Armament: 12 launchers SM-233 SCRC P-700 "Granit", 4 × 6 VPU air defense systems "Dagger" 192 SAMs 9M-330, 8 SAMs "Kortik" - 2x4 SAMs 9M311 + 2x500 pieces, 6 × 6-30mm AK- 630M - in the installation of 2000pcs, 2x10 RKPTZ-1 "Udav-1M" - 60 RSL-120, 24 Su-33, 18 Ka-27 missiles of various modifications.
REO: CICS "Lesorub", navigation and communication radar, space communication system, "Mars-Passat" complex, radar "Fregat-MA", radar "Podkat", antenna launchers for air defense systems and artillery, flight control radar "Resistor", landing system "Moon", the electronic warfare system "Constellation-BR".
1 of 20
Presentation on the topic: Military equipment
slide number 1
Description of the slide:
slide number 2
Description of the slide:
Our military equipment caused fear and panic among the enemies. On the ground, fear was inspired by the legendary T-34 (and later T-34-85), which had no equal on the battlefield. In the Battle of Kursk, the Katyushas swept away the fascist formations, which were ready to rush into the attack. And in the air, the Nazi vultures were rammed by our Il-2, which the Nazis called " black death". This technique brought us victory in a bloody war.
slide number 3
Description of the slide:
Steam locomotive of the Eu series Steam locomotive of the Eu series of medium power, designed to service passenger and freight trains. Steam locomotives of this series were distinguished by their power and reliability, the ability to work on any type of fuel. It was this locomotive that was destined to become the main front-line steam locomotive. Weight 85t
slide number 4
Description of the slide:
Katyusha The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of guide rails and their guidance device. For aiming, swivel and lifting mechanisms and an artillery sight were provided. There were two jacks in the rear of the car, providing greater stability when firing. The rocket was a welded cylinder, divided into three compartments - warhead, fuel and jet nozzle. One machine contained from 14 to 48 guides. The RS-132 projectile for installing the BM-13 was 1.8 m long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg.
slide number 5
Description of the slide:
On the eve of the war, rifle troops were equipped with automatic weapons. Designers V.A. Degtyarev, F.V. Tokarev, S.G. Simonov, G.S. Shpagin and others in the prewar years created various types of automatic weapons: self-loading rifles (SVT), light and anti-aircraft machine guns, submachine gun ( PPD and PPSh). By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War firepower rifle battalion was about 15980 rounds per minute. This significantly increased the firepower of the infantry troops.
slide number 6
Description of the slide:
In the early 1930s, Soviet gunsmiths developed a potentially new individual automatic melee weapon that combined the fighting qualities of a pistol (light weight, portability) and a machine gun (high firepower). Prototypes of machine guns were made, the best of which was recognized as the Degtyarev submachine gun (PPD).
slide number 7
Description of the slide:
The 152-mm cannon of the 1935 model was designed by a group of engineers led by I.I. Ivanov. She successfully withstood field tests in 1936 and was put into service. This long-range gun, capable of sending a projectile over a distance of almost 26 km, was used in the artillery units of the High Command.
slide number 8
Description of the slide:
In 1938, a group of designers led by F.F. Petrov created a 122-mm howitzer, which, in its design, was one of the simplest domestic artillery systems. The howitzer proved itself well during the Great Patriotic War. She successfully suppressed and destroyed enemy manpower and firepower both in open areas and in shelters, destroyed field-type structures and fought artillery and even tanks.
slide number 9
Description of the slide:
During the Second World War, the 25-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun was widely used by the Red Army to fight aircraft at ranges up to 2400 m and at altitudes up to 2000 m. If necessary, it could also be fired at light tanks and armored vehicles.
slide number 10
Description of the slide:
The Soviet 57-mm anti-tank gun ZIS-2 was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War to fight enemy tanks and armored vehicles. According to its characteristics, it had no equal among small-caliber anti-tank artillery: at an initial speed of 700 m / s, its projectile pierced armor 100 mm thick at a distance of 500 m.
slide number 11
Description of the slide:
In 1942, the Soviet Union developed a new missile M-30 caliber 300 mm, designed to destroy enemy fortifications in the front line. A powerful over-caliber warhead weighing about 29 kg was joined by a rocket engine from the M-13 projectile. The aerodynamic qualities of the M-30 were unsatisfactory, which adversely affected the range and accuracy of fire, but they were largely offset by the much greater destructive power of the new projectile. The launch of the M-30 was made from ordinary transport wooden closures. Four or eight of these boxes were placed on a metal frame with removable racks in the front to adjust the elevation angle and coulters to stop in the rear.
slide number 12
Description of the slide:
The first Soviet 82-mm mortar was developed in 1934 and two years later was put into service under the designation "82-mm battalion mortar mod. 1936. It was a smooth pipe with a biped, resting on a massive slab. A shock absorber, lifting and turning mechanisms and a sight were located on the biped. A feathered mine for firing a shot fell into the barrel of a mortar and, under the influence of its own weight, was pricked with a primer on the firing pin in the breech. The charge of the mine, ignited at the same time, threw it out of the barrel. To increase the firing range between the wings of the tail of the mine, additional charges were invested.
slide number 13
Description of the slide:
To partially replace divisional howitzers in 1940, the GAU announced a competition for the creation of a cheaper 160-mm mortar designed to destroy enemy fortifications at a short firing range. A year later, two prototypes of the mortar developed by the design bureaus of I.G. Teverovsky and B.I. Shavyrin. According to the test results, preference was given to the Teverovsky system, after appropriate modifications, it was put into service under the designation "160-mm mortar mod. 1943".
slide number 14
Description of the slide:
At the end of 1942, the Soviet troops switched to offensive operations, and a fairly maneuverable 152-mm corps howitzer with a relatively light weight was required to support the formations. Its development was entrusted to the design bureau under the leadership of F.F. Petrov. They took the barrel from a 152-mm howitzer mod. 1938 (M-10), and put it on the carriage of the 122-mm M-30 divisional howitzer. Thus, just 18 days after the start of work, the new gun under the designation D-1 successfully passed field tests, and then military tests. It was quite light for its class, and the suspension mechanism allowed it to be towed at speeds up to 40 km/h.
slide number 15
Description of the slide:
The development of a 50-mm company mortar was started in the Design Bureau of Plant No. 7 at the beginning of 1937. During the year, several prototype mortars were tested. The 50-mm company mortar arr. 1938 was adopted in 1938. Its serial production began in 1939. 1720 mortars were manufactured in a year. For the I-III quarters of 1940, eleven factories were given a plan for 23105 50-mm mortars mod. 1938, by August 1, 1940, 18,994 mortars were manufactured at a price of 3,600 rubles. a piece.
slide number 16
Description of the slide:
The mortar is assembled according to a blind scheme (all parts of the mortar are mounted on a base plate) and equipped with a remote valve with gas outlet upwards. Mortar plate stamp-welded membrane type. Three coulters were attached to the plate. The mortar carriage consisted of two parts: the lower one, connected to the bearing plate and rotating around the bearing, and the upper one, swinging around the swivel with the lower part of the carriage.
Description of the slide:
76.2 mm regimental gun mod. 1927 was widely used during military conflicts on the CER, near Lake Khasan and on the Khalkhin-Gol River, as well as in the first period of the Great Patriotic War. However, for offensive operations The infantry of the Red Army needed a lighter gun with an increased sector of horizontal fire to deal with moving targets. The project of a new regimental gun was developed at the plant in Motovilikha by engineers led by M. Tsirulnikov. They used a method that had already been tried many times, putting the barrel of the old "colonel" on the carriage of a 45-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1942. Thus, the gun's horizontal aiming angle was increased to 60 ° due to the use of sliding beds.
slide number 19
Description of the slide:
During the Great Patriotic War, the 37-mm cannon of the 1939 model was the main anti-aircraft gun of the Red Army to protect ground troops from attacks by low-flying enemy aircraft. Anti-aircraft guns, depending on the situation, were also used in battles with enemy armored vehicles. The 37-mm anti-aircraft gun with the factory index 31-K was developed in 1938 at the plant. Kalinin under the leadership of the chief designer M.N. Loginova. A prototype machine entered the test in October of the same year and showed pretty good results.
city competition research work"I am a researcher"
Section: story
Job title:
« Military equipment of the USSR during the Second World War »
Konovalov Bulat Nazimovich
g.o. Tolyatti
MBU "School No. 66"
3rd grade
Supervisor:
Pavlova Svetlana Valerievna
teacher primary school
MBU "School No. 66"
Tolyatti
2016
Content
Conducting a survey.
Presentation of military equipment
Introduction
Main content.
Conclusion
List of used sources and literature
1. Introduction
For the study, we chose the topic "Military equipment of the USSR in the period
WWII", the material is of informational value for students who are interested in history and technology. In our work, information about the military equipment of the USSR during the Second World War is collected and described. The value of this work lies in the fact that in our time it is given Special attention patriotic education of children and adults.
My parents and I often visit the park complex of the history of technology named after. K.G. Sakharov. The idea of creating the Technical Museum of JSC AVTOVAZ belongs to the vice-president of AvtoVAZ - Konstantin Grigorievich Sakharov. The Technical Museum of JSC AVTOVAZ was opened on September 7, 2001. On an area of 38 hectares, there are more than 450 exhibits of equipment: aviation, space, engineering, railway, automobile, armored, etc.
Technical Museum. Sakharov is one of the attractions of our city, it is huge and interesting. It houses a unique collection of military equipment and more…
When relatives come to us, we visit it with them and I become a guide for them. Some exhibits are striking in their size ...
Problem: I visited the VAZ Technical Museum (named after Sakharov) and I had a question - “What do students know elementary school about military equipment during the Second World War?
Target: get acquainted with the history of creation and technical characteristics of military equipment of the period of the Second World War.
Object of study: military equipment of the WWII period.
Hypothesis: Let's pretend that most of classmates do not have enough knowledge about the military equipment of the Second World War.
Tasks:
1. Conduct a survey among students 3 "G" MBU "School No. 66" - "Do they know what equipment the Red Army used during the Second World War?".
2. Find out what types of military equipment the Red Army used during the Second World War.
3. To study the history of the creation of military equipment and its specifications.
Research methods:
1. Observation
2. The study of special literature.
3. Student survey
4. Collection, generalization and systematization of material on this topic.
Stages of work:
Preparatory stage.
Conducting a survey of students of the 3rd "G" class.
Presentation of military equipment at an extracurricular lesson.
Summarizing.
2. Main content.
At the preparatory stage of the project, we defined the goal, chose the subject of research, set tasks, developed an action plan and thought over the forms for presenting the results. I figured out how to conduct a survey correctly, I found out who an optant (the person with whom the survey is being conducted) is. Questions for oral survey were developed.
2.1. Conducting a survey.
We spentsurvey of students of the 3rd grade and got the following results:
visited the VAZ Technical Museum - 14 students;
know what technique was used during the Second World War and can name it - 4 students;
know the history of creation and technical characteristics - 0 students.
On the histogram, we see that in reality the guys have little idea about the technique of the Second World War.
2.2 Presentation of military equipment
Since we don’t have a history lesson yet, I decided to present a generalized material at the circle “I am a citizen of Russia”.
At the beginning of the 1930s, trends and prospects for development were clearly manifested, more perfect species weapons, new types of artillery pieces, tanks, aircraft, vehicles, etc.
Military scientific thought took into account these trends, the role and place of new types of military equipment and weapons in a future war, as well as the state and direction of development of armaments of armies, potential opponents of the Red Army.
During the Second World War, the Red Army used the followingtypes of equipment :
artillery equipment
aviation technology
armored
Artillery equipment .
BM-13 (Katyusha)
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the artillery installation. One of them: the installation was named after a partisan girl who destroyed many Nazis.
BM-31-12 ("Vanyusha")
In June 1944, a new BM-31-12 launcher for the M-13 entered service on the Studebaker or ZIS-6 chassis.
The launcher has lifting and turning mechanisms, which provide sufficient accuracy and speed of guidance.
Modification of the guards jet mortars of the "Katyusha" type. For firing, M-31 shells were used, which were more powerful than the M-13 shell. By analogy with "Katyusha" he received the nickname "Vanyusha".
Aviation technology
Sturmovik IL-2
The first production Il-2s were manufactured in February 1941 in Voronezh at plant number 18.
Start of operation 1941.
End of operation 1954 (Yugoslavia and Bulgaria).
36,183 units produced.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
Heavy Soviet bomber TB-3.
Tupolev begins work on the project in 1926. The TB-1 was taken as the basis. An experimental model with a ski chassis was tested on December 22, 1930 by Mikhail Gromov. On February 20, 1931, the USSR Air Force launched an aircraft with M-17 engines into serial production. A total of 818 copies were built.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
Armored vehicles .
Tank KV-1 (Klim Voroshilov)
On December 31, 1940, the first KV was assembled at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (classification - heavy tank).
Serial production began in February 1940 at the Kirov plant.
The name of the tank was given in honor of the Soviet commander Klimenty Efremovich Voroshilov.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
The feat of the tankman Kalabanov .
In 30 minutes of battle, Kolobanov's crew knocked out all 22 tanks in the column. Of the double ammunition load, 98 armor-piercing rounds were used up. After the battle on Zinovy Kolobanov's KV-1, more than a hundred hits were counted.
Immediately after this tank battle, which ended in the complete victory of Soviet weapons, an article appeared in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper about the feat of the tankman Kolobanov.
And in the archives of the Ministry of Defense, a unique document has been preserved - the award list of Zinovy Kolobanov.
The award sheet is presented on the slide.
Tank T-34
Soviet medium tank of the period of the Great Patriotic War, developed design bureau tank department of the Kharkov plant number 183 under the leadership of Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin.
TSpecifications are shown on the slide.
The first T-34s began to enter the troops in the late autumn of 1940.
By June 22, 1941, 1066 T-34 tanks were produced.
Since the autumn of 1941, T-34s began to be German troops a serious problem.
After the battle for Moscow, the T-34 became the main tank of the Red Army; since 1942, more of them have been produced than all other tanks combined.
1943 was the year of the most mass production and use of T-34 tanks.
Biggest battle this period has become Battle of Kursk, which were based on the T-34.
The most successful T-34 tanker was Bochkovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich, on his account 36 destroyed German tanks.
Below are the surviving examples.
Some of the surviving cars are memorials to war heroes, others are exhibits of historical exhibitions.
For example, the last T-34, produced by Uralvagonzavod, at the request of the workers in 1945, was installed in front of the factory entrance. After 36 years - in 1981 - he moved to a new pedestal on his own and since then has been participating in parades on Victory Day every year.
In the city of Salavat, near the Eternal Flame memorial, there is a rare copy of the T-34 tank of the 1941 model with the F-34 gun. This tank was destroyed in a fierce battle in the swamps of the Kaluga region in 1942, but was rebuilt from separate parts.
Hundreds of these tanks, raised on a pedestal, stand throughout the country and half of Europe as a monument to the Liberation. T-34 best tank World War II, a masterpiece of world tank building, which for many decades ahead determined the general path of its development.
3. Conclusion
Work on the project aroused great interest not only from my side, but also from classmates, peers and even parents.
During the theoretical study, I replenished my knowledge, this question fascinated me so much that I plan to continue this work. Firstly, because not all students were in the VAZ technical museum, we plan to conduct an excursion on May 9 with the whole class. During the tour, we will make a photo report, find exhibits that we have not talked about, but want to know.
We found:
military equipment of the Second World War is a worthy topic for studying the valiant history of our country;
military equipment of the Second World War of the USSR was a high-class means of fighting against the fascist invaders.
Learned:
conduct a survey;
collect, summarize and systematize material;
make a presentation;
show the result.
4. List of used sources and literature
Military encyclopedia. M., 1997
Children's encyclopedia of military affairs. Great Patriotic War. Ed. AST, 2014.
Internet sources:
en. wikipedia. Org
What budget money is spent on, spending on defense spending can be seen by looking at the changes in the Russian army in last years. The latest types of weapons have already begun to arrive in a variety of units of the Russian army. On February 23, we prepared a review of the most effective Russian military equipment.
1. "Typhoon"
The first batch of ultra-protected Typhoon trucks entered the Russian armed forces for testing in 2014. Each vehicle uses combined ceramic plate armor. Without serious damage and death of personnel, the Typhoon can withstand an explosion of up to 8 kg of TNT under the wheel or bottom. The machines also have an information and control system GALS-D1M.
2. "Defender" Su-34
The first Su-34s entered service in 2014 in the amount of 16 units. According to its classification, the aircraft is a fighter-bomber. According to NATO classification, it passes as Fullback and belongs to the 4+ generation of aircraft. It was created on the basis of the Su-27. The aircraft can strike at ground and surface targets. It can also carry nuclear weapons.
3. Monomakh
In December 2014, a new nuclear submarine cruiser "Vladimir Monomakh" was launched and put into service with the Russian Navy. Today it is one of the best submarines in the world. Armed with a new complex intercontinental missiles"Mace".
4. "White Swan"
Two years ago, deliveries of upgraded Tu-160M strategic bombers began to the RF Armed Forces. For the most part, engineers worked to improve the flight performance of the machine, in particular, the latest flight and navigation system was installed. The aircraft can reach speeds up to 2000 km/h. Without refueling overcomes ¼ of the earth's equator.
5. "Bakhcha"
BMD-4M "Bakhcha" completed military tests and began to enter service. This is a new maneuverable, airmobile, amphibious vehicle with high firepower designed for use by troops. The first batch of 64 vehicles was delivered in 2015.
6. S-400 "Triumph"
To date, the S-400 "Triumph" is only 7 units in the army, but in the future this machine will become a new standard for air defense. The S-400 Triumph station can simultaneously fire at 36 targets with up to 72 missiles aimed at them.
7. "Tornado"
Multiple rocket launchers MLRS "Tornado-G" of the latest model began to replenish the Russian army in early 2014. "Tornado" is a modification of the MLRS "Grad", has an increased rate of fire and a greater effective range. The installation can hit objects at a distance of up to 40 km.
8. MiG-31BM
Modernized MiG-31BM fighter-interceptors began to enter the army in 2014. Aircraft in the course of modernization received latest system management. The target detection range was increased to 320 km and the engagement range to 280 km. The interceptor can hit up to 6 targets and "target" up to 10.
9. "Yars"
Patriotic education of a child is the basis for the formation of a future citizen. Patriotic feeling does not arise by itself. This is the result of a long and focused educational process starting from an early age. More classic teachers, such as Ya.A. Kamensky, A.S. Makarenko, V.A. Sukhomlinsky in their writings raised the topic of patriotic education. L.N. Tolstoy, K.D. Ushinsky believed that it was necessary to begin to educate children in patriotism with preschool age.
Historically, love for the Motherland, patriotism in the Russian state at all times have been a feature of the national character. But due to recent changes, the loss of traditional Russian patriotic consciousness by our society has become more and more noticeable.
If earlier we glorified service in the army, and everyone dreamed of growing up a true defender of the fatherland, now the priorities have changed somewhat.
For the current generation of young and relatively young parents, the issues of patriotism education are associated with handicrafts that were mastered in kindergarten and school.
In this regard, the urgency of solving the most acute problems of instilling patriotism in work with children of preschool age is obvious. How to teach a child to always love relatives and friends, to treat their homeland with care and love, to feel pride in their people, is a very difficult task. At present, this work is relevant and especially difficult, it requires great tact and patience, since in young families the issues of education of patriotism and citizenship are not considered important and often cause only bewilderment.
One of the most important directions in overcoming the lack of spirituality of a significant part of society is the patriotic upbringing and education of children. Introducing preschoolers to the defenders of the Fatherland, with history, we instill in them feelings of pride and love for their Motherland.
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Slides captions:
Project "Military equipment" senior group№11 Prepared by: Kravchenko I.V. Educator without category. Syktyvkar, 2016 MADOU "Kindergarten No. 92 of a general developmental type"
Project type: By composition of participants: Group (children, parents, teachers) By target setting: Information View project Creative-cognitive Age of children 5-6 years old (senior group) Duration of the project: Short-term, 1 week. Project participants: Children, parents, educators.
Relevance: If earlier we glorified service in the army, and everyone dreamed of growing up a truly defender of the fatherland, now the priorities have changed somewhat. For the current generation of young and relatively young parents, the issues of patriotism education are associated with crafts that were mastered in kindergarten and school. In this regard, the urgency of solving the most acute problems of instilling patriotism in work with children of preschool age is obvious. How to teach a child to always love relatives and friends, to treat their homeland with care and love, to feel pride in their people, is a very difficult task. At present, this work is relevant and especially difficult, it requires great tact and patience, since in young families the issues of education of patriotism and citizenship are not considered important and often cause only bewilderment.
The purpose of the project: Moral and patriotic education of children based on the study of military equipment and acquaintance with the Russian Army. Project objectives: To expand children's knowledge about military equipment, about people in military professions. To promote the development of cognitive research and productive (constructive) activities. To organize cooperation of children, parents, educators in the joint development of this topic. Cultivate a sense of love and respect for Russian Army.
Expected result: Children: They will gain knowledge about military equipment, will be able to depict them in their creative activities, will know about people of military professions, about the Russian Army. Parents: Together with the children, they will build models of military equipment; They will be active participants in the educational process of the preschool educational institution. Educators: Creation of a series of conversations about military equipment; Creation of a mini-exhibition of military equipment; Bring the family closer to kindergarten.
Lesson on the application "Military Truck"
Drawing lessons "Tank", "Warship"
Design lesson "Armored personnel carrier"
We built equipment from designers
Played mobile, didactic, role-playing games
Created a mini-exhibition of military equipment
Thank you for your attention!
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