Famous Russian diplomats. Reference

Diplomats are often valued much more than politicians and functionaries. In Russia, the diplomatic service has always been on a special account, although not everyone knows its most prominent representatives. We are talking about people who determined the face of the country for the outside world and on whom the issues of war and peace depended.

The diplomatic career of Andrei Andreevich Gromyko began with the preparation of the Tehran, Potsdam and Yalta conferences, and ended almost at the highest point - when he combined the posts of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and Deputy Head of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He headed the Soviet delegation at the conference on the creation of the UN in 1944, then was the first permanent representative of the USSR at the organization, then - the first deputy head of the Foreign Ministry, and ambassador to Great Britain. Gromyko headed the ministry in 1957 and led it for 28 long years. It was the time of the arms race and attempts to stop it, the time of the Cuban crisis and steps to prevent nuclear war, which resulted in the signing of the corresponding agreement in 1973.

In the West, Gromyko was called "Mr. No"

In the West, Gromyko was called "Mr. No" - like Molotov - for his tough negotiating style. However, they note that it was a whole art of exhausting the enemy, which made it possible to negotiate the most significant concessions.

Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov devoted his entire life to the diplomatic service. He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs under Alexander II in 1856 after Russia's humiliating defeat in the Crimean War, when it was necessary to rethink the very principles of relations with foreign countries.

Prince Gorchakov eventually became the personification of the turn from so-called "noble internationalism" to the principle of protecting national interests. Its motto is "Russia Focuses". His main goals at the beginning of the work was the abolition of the most dangerous restrictions imposed on Russia - in particular, the ban on having a navy in the Black Sea. At the same time, Gorchakov determined the priority course for further foreign policy in the light of the German threat - an alliance with France. For 26 years, he literally transformed the ministry and gave the diplomatic service the look that it retained until the October Revolution.

Gorchakov was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs under Alexander II

One of the legends of Russian diplomacy is Count Alexei Bestuzhev-Ryumin. In 1720, he was appointed a resident in Denmark, and four years later he obtained from the Danish king the recognition of Peter I as Emperor. Along with this important political success, Russia received the right to conduct duty-free ships from the Baltic to the North Sea through the Sound.

Bestuzhev-Ryumin then served in Hamburg, was Ambassador Extraordinary to Lower Saxony. As a result, he rose to the title of count, Elizabeth appointed him Chancellor Russian Empire and President of the College of Foreign Affairs. Bestuzhev-Ryumin actually carried out the entire foreign policy of the empire. By the way, he owned Stone Island at the mouth of the Neva.

Bestuzhev-Ryumin was Ambassador Extraordinary to Lower Saxony

Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovaty is called the first official diplomat of Russia. He served as the first clerk of the Ambassadorial Order, which was created by Ivan the Terrible in 1549.

It is from the foundation of this institution that the history of the Russian diplomatic service is counted. Ivan Viskovaty was one of the people closest to the tsar. He was a confidant of the sovereign in the matter of succession to the throne. He advocated an attack on Livonia, which marked the beginning of the Livonian War, and then negotiated with the Livonian ambassadors. Under him, an alliance was signed with Denmark, a twenty-year truce with Sweden. However, like many influential people from the entourage of Ivan the Terrible, Ivan Mikhailovich very easily fell out of favor. On suspicion of involvement in the boyar conspiracy, the head of the Ambassadorial order was executed on July 25, 1570.

Ivan Viskovaty is called the first official diplomat of Russia

One of the most famous Russian diplomats to the general public is famous for his literature. This is Alexander Griboyedov. He entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs as an interpreter in 1817, he was almost immediately assigned to the Russian mission in the United States, but Griboyedov refused.

Then he was appointed to the post of secretary to the royal chargé d'affaires of Persia. There were long business trips to Tehran and Tiflis. At this time, he writes "Woe from Wit." While working in Persia and the Caucasus, Griboyedov learned Arabic, Turkish, Georgian and Persian. He participated in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty, which ended the Russian-Persian war in 1828, personally delivered the treatise to St. Petersburg and was appointed ambassador to Iran. On January 30, 1829, during a trip for an official presentation to the Shah, a rebellious crowd attacked the diplomats. Everyone who was at the embassy was killed, except for the secretary Ivan Maltsov.

Griboedov participated in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty

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18:29 09.03.2019

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16:17 09.03.2019

The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the detention of an employee of the United States Embassy at the capital's Sheremetyevo airport with a mortar mine. This is stated in a statement obtained by RT. The text clarifies that on Saturday, March 9, airport officials detained a US citizen, in whose luggage an object similar to a mortar mine with a fuse was found. It is noted that the mine did not contain explosive. A mortar mine with a fuse was seized from the passenger ..., the passenger was released, they said in

09:22 13.02.2019

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08:13 29.12.2018

Russia and the UK will begin to restore the number of diplomatic missions in the capitals from January 2019. This statement was made by the Russian Ambassador to London, Alexander Yakovenko, on the air of the Rossiya 24 TV channel, Interfax reports. We have reached an agreement in principle that sometime in January the diplomatic staff will be restored both in Moscow and in London, he said. Yakovenko noted that he was not sure about the return to work of all employees. At the same time, he added that half of the embassy would be restored. As writes

14:09 20.12.2018

Former First Secretary of the Russian Embassy in the United States Oleg Divanov is accused of illegally issuing Russian passports to American citizens with Russian roots. The Investigative Committee and the Prosecutor General's Office have already transferred the materials on the diplomat's case to court, and his defense demands that the persecution of her principal be stopped. Divanovvina himself does not recognize, arguing that everything attributed to him is just a slander. As it became known to the Kommersant publication, the investigator of the head office of the ICR, dealing with especially important cases, Andrei Gilev and Deputy Prosecutor General Viktor Grin received statements from a lawyer

22:24 13.12.2018

A military diplomat from Slovakia working in Moscow was declared persona non grata by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation. The diplomat, according to Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova, needs to leave the country within forty-eight hours. Zakharova recalled that last month the Slovak authorities announced the expulsion of a military diplomat from Russia from the country, so Moscow decided to take retaliatory measures, which, apparently, became completely mirrored. The practice of mirror responses is common worldwide.

10:39 11.07.2018

The Greek authorities have decided to expel two Russian diplomats from the country and ban the entry of two more employees of the diplomatic mission, the Athens newspaper Kathimerini reports. According to the publication, the Russians are accused of trying to interfere in the internal affairs of Greece and illegal actions that undermine the country's national security. Among other things, diplomats are suspected of collecting information and bribing officials. The newspaper calls the name of one of the deported Russians Viktor Yakovlev. In the list of diplomatic staff on the website of the Russian embassy in Greece, such a surname

20:21 27.06.2018

The alleged organizer of the smuggling of almost 400 kg of cocaine from Argentina to Russia, businessman Andrey Kovalchuk, asked not to impersonate the Russian side. Official address his lawyers sent him to a Berlin court, which should consider the issue of extradition, RBC reports. The Russian Prosecutor General's Office sent a request to Germany for the extradition of Kovalchuk on March 29. A hearing date has not yet been set. According to the suspect's lawyer, Kovalchuk is very interested in a fair investigation, but Russia's vague and non-specific arguments in favor of him

20:41 11.05.2018

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09:15 12.04.2018

The authenticity of Yulia Skripal's statement, published by Scotland Yard, is in doubt, according to the Russian Embassy in the UK. The Embassy informs that it has read the text of the statement with interest. According to the diplomatic mission, one can only be glad for Skripal if everything stated in it is true. However, in the face of the impossibility of verifying this in practice, the publication of the London Police raises more questions than answers, according to a message on the embassy website. The Embassy noted that the text should clearly support the statements

19:09 06.04.2018

Ukraine intends to submit proposals to the Russian side to send consuls to Rostov-on-Don, a PolitNavigator correspondent reports. This was stated by Vice Prime Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Ukraine Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze on Ukrainian TV. We will submit our proposals to send our consuls to Rostov-on-Don. You and I understand that we need our consuls to be in Rostov. Due to the fact that five of them were expelled from Russia, it is important for us today to protect

15:24 05.04.2018

Austria did not expel Russian diplomats from the country. The chancellor answered the citizens live on the Puls 4 TV channel why Austria did not support the initiative of England against the Russian Federation. The Austrian state traditionally maintains warm and friendly relations with the Russian Federation, and also acts as the headquarters for many international organizations. The head of the country said during the broadcast that some EU countries did not expel Russian diplomats. The same decision was made by Sebastian Kurz and Austrian Foreign Minister Karin Kneissl. Kurtz

07:49 04.04.2018

A spokesman for the US State Department said that Russia could send new diplomats to replace those previously expelled from the country, CNN reports. As has always happened in such situations, the Russian government may request accreditation of diplomats for vacant positions in the diplomatic mission, the State Department said. The Representative noted that each request for new diplomatic accreditations would be considered on a case-by-case basis. Russia has not notified us that it is going to reduce the total number of diplomats who can work for

18:39 01.04.2018

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14:45 01.04.2018

The first plane of the special flight squad Russia with Russian diplomats expelled from the United States by Washington in connection with the Skripal case has arrived in Moscow. In total, 171 people left the United States: 60 employees and their families. Ambassador Antonov sees off expelled diplomats The US announced the expulsion of 60 Russian diplomats on March 26. Washington linked its decision to the Skripal case. Moscow announced a mirror expulsion of 60 American diplomats and the closure of the Consulate General in St. Petersburg. Russian Ambassador to the United States Anatoly Antonov reported that all deportees

01:41 31.03.2018

Russia is expelling 13 Ukrainian diplomats, according to the official website of the Russian Foreign Ministry. As Russkaya Vesna previously reported, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko said on March 26 that Kyiv was expelling 13 Russian diplomats due to the poisoning situation in the UK. former officer GRU Sergei Skripal and his daughter. The Ukrainian Foreign Ministry explained that the expulsion of 13 Russian diplomats will take place in the near future, they will be declared persona non grata. They (the ambassadors, ed.) were handed notes of protest and stated that in response to the unreasonable demands of these, Russia was expelling diplomats from several countries

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02:09 30.03.2018

Russian authorities They gave two days for the complete liberation of the building of the US Consulate General in St. Petersburg. Consent to the opening and operation of the US Consulate General in St. Petersburg has been withdrawn. American representatives must completely vacate the administrative building previously provided to them for the placement of this institution no later than March 31, according to a message published on Thursday on the website of the Russian Foreign Ministry. 60 American diplomats declared persona non grata must leave Russia by April 5: these are 58 embassy employees

20:50 29.03.2018

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said today that Moscow is taking retaliatory measures against the United States. The American Consulate General in St. Petersburg will be closed and historical homeland send sixty US diplomats. Lavrov also noted that the US Ambassador to Russia, John Huntsman, was invited to the Russian Foreign Ministry to see Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov, who will inform him of the decision made in the Kremlin. Similar measures, about which Washington has been warned more than once, have already been put into effect. Western attempts to provide

February 10 is the professional holiday of Russian diplomats. On this day in 1549, the Ambassadorial Order was first mentioned in written sources - the first state institution in Russia, whose direct functions included external relations. Diplomatic Worker's Day has been celebrated since 2003. The decree on the establishment of a new professional holiday was signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin on October 31, 2002.

The structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation includes the central office; foreign institutions (diplomatic missions: embassies and consulates), territorial bodies and various subordinate organizations. For almost 12 years, the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry has been Sergei Viktorovich Lavrov, who gained experience as Russia's permanent representative to the UN.

On the day of a diplomatic worker, as a rule, there are many laudatory speeches. Domestic diplomacy, of course, has something to praise. However, the structures of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation do not always successfully fulfill their obligations to protect the interests of our country and citizens of the Russian Federation. Russian Planet decided to take stock of the activities of Russian diplomacy, which turns 25 in 2016.

Achievements and failures

Over the past quarter of a century, Russian diplomacy has finally found a face. Moscow got rid of militant rhetoric cold war”and at the same time stopped building a foreign policy in the wake of the United States. Russia has declared itself as an influential and independent player on the world stage. Moscow seeks to establish equal relations with partners and constantly emphasizes a friendly and peaceful attitude, while demanding respect for its interests. The symbolic turn of Yevgeny Primakov's plane over the Atlantic in 1999 predetermined the formation new policy Moscow on the entire foreign policy front.

In the 2000s, Russia made every effort to protect Serbia and did not bend to the West in the Kosovo issue. In 2013, our country was able to prevent the American invasion of Syria by concluding an agreement on the elimination of chemical weapons in the Arab Republic. Now the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation in the Syrian direction is supported by the successful work of the Russian Aerospace Forces. But the main achievement of our country is naturally the return of Crimea. Now it becomes clear that work in this direction was carried out long before February-March 2014.

Of course, in the history of modern Russian diplomacy there have been many blunders. Russia failed to prevent two coups d'état in strategically important Ukraine (2004, 2014). The war in Donbass and the fragile Minsk peace are largely the consequences of the quality of work of the Russian Embassy in Kyiv, headed by Mikhail Zurabov.

In addition, Russian diplomacy made mistakes in the North African and Middle East region. In 2011, our country did not block the UN Security Council resolution on the introduction of a no-fly zone in Libya. Humane at first glance, the document provided carte blanche for the Western and Arab Air Force to bombard the positions of troops loyal to Muammar Gaddafi. Also, Russia did not behave very competently on the issue of the sanctions regime against Iran.

Endless work

In the conditions of confrontation with the West and the need to combat the terrorist threat, Russian diplomacy faces extremely difficult, and perhaps practically impossible, tasks. As never before, our diplomats are required to have ingenuity, flair, the ability to foresee the development of the situation, high level professionalism, ability to work with modern technologies, dedication to their work and colossal performance.

“In my opinion, Russia has adopted the right foreign policy strategy. We are not going to fight with anyone, we demonstrate our readiness to be friends and defend national interests. However, it is worth recognizing that so far we are reaping very little of the fruits of such a policy. Yes, we are perceived as a serious player, but we cannot fully defend our national interests, ”says I. about. head of department international relations and Foreign Regional Studies of the Volgograd State University Timur Nelin.

“I mean that our diplomatic corps, although trying, has not yet coped with the key task of explaining to the West that Russia does not pose a threat to it. We see how serious the leaders of Western countries are about the issue of sanctions and "containment" of Russia. I believe that they sincerely believe that the policy pursued by Moscow harms their interests. Russia was branded as an "aggressor" and "occupier". To convince the West of the opposite, of course, is very difficult. But in this field, our diplomats need to work as actively as possible,” the interlocutor of the Republic of Poland believes.

Nelin drew attention to the issue of the effectiveness of the work of Russian diplomatic missions abroad. “We have heard a lot of complaints in the past. The embassies did not have time to monitor the course of political changes in the host country, and the consulates were cool about the requests of Russian citizens and businessmen. As far as I can tell, the situation has not changed radically since then,” Nelin stated.

In his opinion, in the structures of the Russian Foreign Ministry, as in other state departments of our country, nepotism prevails, which negatively affects the quality of work of diplomats. “Smolenskaya Square may send perfectly correct directives, but diplomats on the ground may not carry them out properly. It seems to me that some diplomats are sure that if problems arise, they will be “covered up,” Nelin explained.

The expert stated that the most “tasty” positions are almost always occupied by “their own people”, especially for diplomatic missions in developed countries. “This does not mean that there are mediocrity working there. Russia's interests are protected by professionals. Another thing is that due to the clan system, the level of responsibility of diplomats naturally decreases,” the interlocutor of the Republic of Poland noted.

Nelin connects his hopes for rectifying the situation with the figure of Sergei Lavrov, who, in his opinion, has long been fighting the problem of the incompetence of diplomatic personnel.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Photo: Sergey Savostyanov / TASS

How to beat the West?

Perhaps the most important component of professional and public diplomacy now is the ability to work with information and use the tools of "soft power". Successful activity Russia Today, Sputnik and pro-Russian media abroad allows us to say that a positive reserve for improving the image of Russia has already been created. Moscow began to work with forces sympathetic to the Russian Federation, providing them with a platform for expressing their opinion.

The time when Russia mediocrely lost information wars(Maidan 2004, the war in August 2008), is a thing of the past. “I would like to note that the information component of the work of our Foreign Ministry has improved significantly. Now we have a toolkit that allows us to respond as quickly as possible to rapidly changing events. In particular, the Russian Foreign Ministry has a centralized system for monitoring, collecting and processing information,” says Dmitry Abzalov, president of the Center for Strategic Communications.

“However, the work of the information component needs to be constantly improved and new methods adopted. If we talk about social networks separately, then I would recommend working more actively with reference groups (diasporas and communities). It is necessary to form and develop in foreign countries“support groups,” the expert points out.

Abzalov recommends using the opportunities of economic diplomacy more often. “For example, the Prime Minister of Bavaria visited Russia last week. The formal agenda was purely economic. However, in reality, the visit of Horst Seehofer acquired a distinct political coloring, and friendly to Russia. Given the current relations with Germany, such a maneuver can be unequivocally interpreted as a diplomatic success,” Abzalov said.

As a key approach to the work of domestic diplomacy, the interlocutor of the Republic of Poland singled out a leading method of responding to events. “It is necessary to move away from the catch-up principle, when Russian diplomats react after the fact. For example, Western diplomacy is trying to generate various news stories and prepare responses to them in advance. Thus, the colleagues of the Russians themselves create the conflict, and then give it an exhaustive assessment, drawing conclusions that denigrate our country,” says Abzalov.

“A striking example of the application of the leading method in practice is the recent report of the coroner in the Litvinenko case. A few days before this event, the Western media were full of provocative anti-Russian headlines. There was nothing special in the coroner's report. But a negative information picture for Moscow has already been created. A similar situation for London was the reason for the discussion about the tightening of the sanctions regime in relation to the Russian Federation. At the same time, people were convinced that Litvinenko, who at that time was a citizen of the Kingdom, was eliminated almost personally by the President of the Russian Federation. Let's remember at least the story about "Putin's tea", - said the interlocutor of the Republic of Poland.

Dmitry Abzalov considers the method of playing ahead of the curve the most progressive in modern diplomacy. Manipulations with the media and information campaigns beneficial to Moscow require more advanced analytical work and understanding of the operation of information security mechanisms. Russian diplomacy needs to actively master latest methods work in the media field. In the face of confrontation with the West, it is extremely important for Moscow to form a positive attitude towards its military and political initiatives among the world community.

MOSCOW, 10 February. /TASS/. Employees of the central office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Russian foreign missions celebrate their professional holiday on Saturday - Diplomatic Worker's Day. It was on February 10, 1549 that the first written mention of the Ambassadorial Order dates back, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible instructed the Duma clerk Ivan Viskovaty to "conduct the embassy business." For almost 500 years, many events have taken place, but the principle of work has remained unchanged: defending the interests of the Fatherland, foreign policy is a continuation of the domestic one.

"The legacy left to us obliges a lot. Especially since the situation in the world is not becoming calmer," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said, congratulating his colleagues.

Priorities on the world stage

Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a congratulatory message to employees and veterans of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalled the main priorities of the work - upholding the key role of the UN in world affairs, consolidating the international community in the fight against the threat of terrorism, strengthening the foundations of strategic stability and non-proliferation regimes for weapons of mass destruction. "The international situation is developing very difficult, but, despite the obvious difficulties, you are doing a lot to ensure favorable foreign policy conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of Russia, actively protecting the rights of Russian citizens and compatriots abroad," he said.

"A diplomat is on duty around the clock: at any moment in some part of the world, something can happen that requires a quick and competent response based on good analysis, which should also be an express analysis," the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry noted.

One of the main problems giving rise to others is the crisis of negotiability of Western partners. This is confirmed by general position affairs in North Africa and in the Middle East, especially in Syria, the situation in Ukraine and the situation with the implementation of the agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, the deplorable state of Russian-American relations. Moscow reminds that attempts to isolate Russia and turn it into a slave state are doomed to failure.

"We will develop our partnership, working contacts with all countries that share our approach," Lavrov said. "We will always be open to close and honest cooperation based on equality, mutual respect and a balance of interests."

Reliance on tradition

One of the first diplomatic voyages is a visit to Constantinople in 838, when Russia was first presented at the court of the Byzantine emperor as an independent state. It is worth highlighting the "great embassy" of Peter the Great in 1697-1698.

"Ambassadorial Prikaz" repeatedly changed its official sign - ministry, collegium, people's commissariat, and for the first time the current name appeared in September 1802, the minister was called the chancellor and was the second person after the emperor. The country owes many victories to Chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, the representative of the first graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After the Crimean War (1853-1856), he managed to bring Russia out of international isolation and returned to her position as a military maritime power. Another lyceum student, Alexander Pushkin, also tried himself in the diplomatic field.

Other names are connected with the "order" - Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin, Alexander Griboedov, Fyodor Tyutchev, People's Commissar Georgy Chicherin, Minister Andrei Gromyko.

For objective reasons, Russia's ties with the United States of America, which for the foreseeable future will remain the world's most powerful economic and technological power, are of a priority nature. International security and the effectiveness of the efforts of the world community in the fight against new common threats depend on the situation in Russian-American relations. There are six Russian diplomatic missions on the territory, including the Russian mission to the UN.

Of strategic importance for Russia are relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR), which have become locomotives of the world economy. Ties with Asia-Pacific countries are especially essential for economic recovery eastern regions Russia. Integration processes are gaining momentum in the Asia-Pacific region. Russia is actively strengthening ties with and other countries, participating in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, developing partnerships with the Association of States South-East Asia(ASEAN) and others regional organizations. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which includes Russia, China and the states of Central Asia, has become a factor of stability in Asia.

Russia has a wide network of missions throughout Asia, including four in each of such large states as India, China,. Maintaining ties both with and with the Palestinian National Autonomy, Russia is making active efforts to unblock the Middle East conflict and is a member of the international "quartet" of mediators.
It is in Russia's interests to restore and expand ties with the countries of Africa and Latin America, which followed a period of their certain weakening in the 1990s. These ties, in particular, are important for the implementation of a number of the country's economic tasks and Russia's participation in solving key international problems. A strong impetus to the development of relations with the countries of Africa south of the Sahara was given by the first ever visit to this region of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2006. Russia's interaction with many African and Latin American countries is based on long traditions and closeness of foreign policy views.

Strengthening the representation of Russia and expanding its geography is dictated by the urgent needs of the country and the need to protect the interests of Russian citizens. Broad international relations create favorable conditions for the development of the country's economy and the strengthening of national security.

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