- Department: Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
- Subdivision: Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycotins)
- Class: Pezizomycetes (Pezizomycetes)
- Subclass: Pezizomycetidae (Pezizomycetes)
- Order: Pezizales (Pezizales)
- Family: Discinaceae (Discinaceae)
- Genus: Gyromitra (Stitch)
- View: Gyromitra infula (Autumn line)
- Other names for mushroom:
Other names:
Autumn vane
Infull-like lobe
Gyromitra
Gelvella infula
Helwella infull-like
Stitch horned
Gyromitra untouchable
Smarzhok
Helvella infula
It is directly related to the genus of lobes (or gelwells). It is considered the most common of all this genus of lobes (or gelwells). And this mushroom received the pseudonym "autumn" because of its peculiarity to grow in late summer - early autumn, unlike its fellow tribesmen, lines of "spring" (, ), which grow in early spring. And he still has a difference from them - the autumn line contains a much larger amount of poisons and toxins.
The autumn line refers to marsupial mushrooms.
Hat: usually up to 10 cm wide, folded, brown, becoming brownish-blackish with age, with a velvety surface. The shape of the cap is horn-shaped-saddle-shaped (more often found in the form of three fused horns), the edges of the cap grow together with the stem. Hat line autumn folded, irregular and incomprehensible shape. The color of the cap is from light brown in young mushrooms to brown-black in adults, with a velvety surface.
Leg: 3-10 cm long, up to 1.5 cm wide, hollow, often laterally flattened, color can vary from whitish to brownish-grayish.
Its leg is cylindrical, thickened downwards and hollow inside, waxy-white-gray in color.
pulp: fragile, cartilaginous, thin, whitish, wax-like, odorless, very similar to the pulp of related species, for example, which grows in early spring.
habitats: The autumn line occurs singly from July, but active growth starts from the end of August. Often found in small groups of 4-7 specimens in coniferous and deciduous forests on the soil, as well as on the remains of decaying wood.
The autumn line likes to grow either in coniferous or deciduous forests, sometimes singly, sometimes in small families and, preferably, on or near rotting wood. It can be found throughout temperate zone Europe and Russia. Its main fruiting period is at the end of July and lasts until the end of September.
Edibility: Although the lines of the autumn and find it possible to eat, it is worth noting that, like the line of the ordinary in its raw form, it is deadly poisonous. Incorrectly prepared, it can cause very serious poisoning. You can not eat it often, as the toxins contained in it have cumulative properties and can accumulate in the body.
A conditionally edible mushroom, category 4, is used as food after boiling (15-20 minutes, the water is drained) or drying. Deadly poisonous when raw.
Research conducted by mycologists different countries, showed that these lines contain toxic substances of protein composition - gyrometrin and methylhydrazine, which, once in the human body, can cause poisoning and even death. It depends on the age of the fungus. The fact is that the lines grow and ripen very slowly, so that both young mushrooms and overripe ones that have reached the age of several weeks can get into one basket at the same time. In them, apparently, the content of toxic substances is higher. The poison gyrometryn does not dissolve in hot water, it can be removed only as a result of 3-4 weeks of drying mushrooms. Remember, the lines can be eaten just after drying.
The line is autumn, some primary sources even consider it a deadly poisonous mushroom. But this is not, at all, the case of poisoning with lethal outcome autumn lines, so far, have not been registered. And the degree of poisoning by them, as well as by all mushrooms of this family, strongly depends on the amount and frequency of their use. Therefore, it is highly undesirable to use the autumn line for food, otherwise you can get serious food poisoning with very, very sad consequences. Because of this, the autumn line is related to. Science knows that the toxicity of the lines is largely due to temperature and climate indicators and directly depends on the places where they grow. And the warmer climatic conditions the more poisonous these mushrooms will become. That is why, in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, with their warm climate, absolutely all lines belong to, and in Russia, with its much colder climate, only autumn lines are considered inedible, which, unlike the lines of "spring" (and ), growing early in spring, begin their active development and maturation after a period warm summer, on warm soil and, therefore, manage to collect enough a large number of dangerous, poisonous substances, so that they can be considered unfit for human consumption.
Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Mekk.
The autumn line is also called Lopastnik. Both names reflect the characteristics of the fungus. It grows in autumn in September - October, and its hat looks like the blades of some outlandish fan.
Although this mushroom is conditionally edible (conditionally poisonous), we do not collect it. At this time, many other tasty mushrooms grow. In this fungus, poison is found - gyrometryn. Requires mandatory boiling with draining of water and washing in cold water, or drying followed by exposure for several months. During this time, the gyrometry disappears.
1. An autumn line can sometimes be found on Uloma Zheleznaya.
2. This is a rather strange mushroom.
3. His hat is intricately curved, ...
4. ... forming several blades.
5. Therefore, the mushroom is also called the lobe.
6. It differs from the spring line primarily in the shape of the hat.
7. It is not brain-shaped, but lobed.
8. Yes, and the leg is much longer than that of the spring line.
9. Although the autumn line is a large mushroom, ...
10. ... inside it is completely empty.
11. Therefore, there is very little actual "meat" in the mushroom, ...
12. ... and the mushroom itself is very light.
13. Sometimes autumn lines look like outlandish butterflies.
14. Despite their fragile appearance, mushrooms can tolerate repeated frosts.
15. They grow to persistent frosts.
16. Autumn lines like mixed forests.
17. Usually they are found either on the edges, ...
18. ... or in a sparse forest.
19. Most often, mushrooms can be seen on fallen trunks.
20. They also grow on stumps, ...
21. ...and on the ground near the rotting wood.
22. Even if the autumn line has grown on the soil, there are still remains of rotten wood inside.
23. But most often the mushroom grows on an old aspen trunk ...
24. ... or birches.
25. It can be trunks of other hardwoods.
26. Autumn line - medium-sized mushroom.
27. This is the usual height of the mushroom.
28. Such huge monsters are rare.
29. Here you can compare the size of the mushroom with the size of the box.
30. I want to look at this huge mushroom again.
31. Hat line in autumn brown.
32. Its shape is defined as saddle-lobed.
33. We do not know how to call the shape of this fancy hat.
34. For some reason they write about two or four lobes of a mushroom.
35. But often there are also three-lobed specimens.
36. This is what happens to old mushrooms.
37. They can even get moldy.
38. The inner surface of the cap is smooth and light.
39. The hat itself is very thin and fragile.
40. Autumn morel has a pronounced leg.
41. The leg may be brownish, ...
42. ...and almost white.
43. Sometimes the leg is stocky, ...
44. ... but more often she is quite thin and tall.
45. The leg is uneven, slightly furrowed.
46. She seems to be a little crumpled.
47. So the legs are attached to the ground.
48. Inside the leg is hollow.
49. This cavity is uneven along the length of the stem.
50. The pulp of the autumn line is very fragile.
51. She is thin and brittle.
Autumn line ( lat. Gyromitra infula).
Other names:
- Autumn vane
- Infull-like lobe
- Gyromitra
- Gelvella infula
- Helwella infull-like
- Stitch horned
- Gyromitra untouchable
- Smarzhok
- Helvella infula
The autumn line is directly related to the genus of lobes (or gelwells). In Russia, this species (autumn line), and scientifically, it is an inful-like lobe or an inful-like gelvella, is considered the most common of all this kind of lobe (or gelwell). Therefore, unlike other mushrooms of this family, he found his sonorous Russian name - the autumn line. And this mushroom received the pseudonym "autumn" because of its peculiarity to grow in late summer - early autumn, unlike its fellow tribesmen, "spring" lines (ordinary line, giant line), which grow in early spring. And he still has a difference from them - the autumn line contains a much larger amount of poisons and toxins.
The autumn line refers to marsupial mushrooms.
Hat: usually up to 10 cm wide, folded, brown, becoming brownish-blackish with age, with a velvety surface. The shape of the cap is horn-shaped-saddle-shaped (more often found in the form of three fused horns), the edges of the cap grow together with the stem. Hat line autumn folded, irregular and incomprehensible shape. The color of the cap is from light brown in young mushrooms to brown-black in adults, with a velvety surface.
Stem: 3-10 cm long, up to 1.5 cm wide, hollow, often laterally flattened, color may vary from whitish to brownish-grayish.
Its leg is cylindrical, thickened downwards and hollow inside, waxy-white-gray in color.
Flesh: brittle, cartilaginous, thin, whitish, waxy, odorless, very similar to the pulp of related species, such as common stitch, which grows in early spring.
Habitat: Solitarily found from July, but active growth starts from the end of August. Often found in small groups of 4-7 specimens in coniferous and deciduous forests on the soil, as well as on the remains of decaying wood.
The autumn line likes to grow either in coniferous or deciduous forests, sometimes singly, sometimes in small families and, preferably, on or near rotting wood. It can be found throughout the temperate zone of Europe and Russia. Its main fruiting period is at the end of July and lasts until the end of September.
Edibility: Although it is found edible, it is worth noting that, like the common weed, it is deadly poisonous when raw. Incorrectly prepared, it can cause very serious poisoning. You can not eat it often, as the toxins contained in it have cumulative properties and can accumulate in the body.
A conditionally edible mushroom, category 4, is used as food after boiling (15-20 minutes, the water is drained) or drying. In its raw form, it is deadly poisonous.
Studies conducted by mycologists from different countries have shown that these lines contain toxic substances of protein composition - gyrometrin and methylhydrazine, which, once in the human body, can cause poisoning and even death. It depends on the age of the fungus. The fact is that the lines grow and ripen very slowly, so that both young mushrooms and overripe ones that have reached the age of several weeks can get into one basket at the same time. In them, apparently, the content of toxic substances is higher. The poison gyrometryn does not dissolve in hot water, it can be removed only as a result of 3-4 weeks of drying the mushrooms. Remember, stitches can only be eaten after drying.
The line is autumn, some primary sources even consider it a deadly poisonous mushroom. But this is not, at all, and cases of poisoning with a fatal outcome by autumn lines, so far, have not been registered. And the degree of poisoning by them, as well as by all mushrooms of this family, strongly depends on the amount and frequency of their use. Therefore, it is highly undesirable to use the autumn line for food, otherwise you can get serious food poisoning with very, very sad consequences. Because of this, the autumn line is related to inedible mushrooms. Science knows that the toxicity of the lines is largely due to temperature and climate indicators and directly depends on the places where they grow. And the warmer the climatic conditions are, the more poisonous these mushrooms will become. That is why, in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, with their warm climate, absolutely all lines refer to poisonous mushrooms, and in Russia, with its much colder climate, only autumn lines are considered inedible, which, unlike the “spring” lines (ordinary and giant), growing early in spring, begin their active development and maturation after a period of warm summer, on a warm soil and, therefore, manage to collect in themselves a sufficiently large number of dangerous, poisonous substances so that they can be considered unsuitable for human consumption.
(smarzhok)
or a horned line, the gyromitra is inviolable
- inedible mushroom
✎ Belonging and generic features
Autumn line(lat. Gyromitra infula) is inedible appearance from the genus of marsupial fungi of the lines (gyromitra) (lat. Gyromitra), the family of discins (lat. Discinaceae) and the order of pezizales (lat. Pezizales).
The autumn line (whatever online publications would not claim, indiscriminately ripping off the text from each other) never had at all and now has no relation to the genus Helvella (lat. Helvella) (or lobes) and is not even included in the same family with them. Simply, together with the lobes (gelvells), it belongs to the order of the Petsicaceae, which is why it is often called the autumn lobe (infull-like), or the infull-like gelvella. But it’s only more correct to call it (in strict accordance with ancestry) - gyromitra inviolable.
In Russia, the autumn line is called differently - line horned, and among the people - smarzhok. And, unlike other species of its genus, it was given the epithet "autumn" for its peculiarity to grow in autumn, and not in spring, when almost all of its "spring" relatives grow:
- - ordinary line (edible);
- line giant (large);
- line peaked (beam);
- line long-legged (brilliant).
And the autumn line has one more, perhaps the most important difference from other spring lines: the autumn line contains much more of any poison (gyrometry) than its spring counterparts (perhaps even taken together). This is due to the fact that spring lines bear fruit in early spring, at the end of winter (in a colder period, on cold soil), and autumn lines ripen only at the end of summer (in a warmer period, on warm ground). In this case, his mycelium, grown in a warm summer environment, produces much more toxic gyrometrin and transfers it to its fruits than the mycelium of early lines. That is why spring stitches in Russia are used for food, and autumn stitches - in no case.
Not many sources consider the autumn line even deadly poisonous. And this is not at all the case, cases of poisoning with a fatal outcome by autumn lines have not yet been recorded, and the degree of poisoning with them, like with all mushrooms of this family, strongly depends on the quantity and frequency of their use. For which the autumn line is assigned to inedible mushrooms, they do not use it for food, so as not to get poisoned.
Science has determined that the toxicity of the lines is largely due to the temperature and climatic conditions of their growth and directly depends on the area of origin. And, the warmer the climatic conditions, the more poisonous these mushrooms will be. Therefore, in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, with their climate, absolutely all lines belong to poisonous mushrooms, and in Russia, with its very cold climate, only autumn lines have always been considered inedible.
✎ Similar Views
Autumn line(Gyromitra inviolable) is visually similar to some lobe mushrooms of the Helwellian family. You can confuse it:
- with a curly lobe, which, like the autumn line, grows in autumn, is distinguished by a folded, two-four-lobed cap with wavy edges and a strongly ribbed, with deep longitudinal grooves and folds, leg;
- with an elastic lobe, but it grows a little earlier and already descends in September, it is distinguished by a saddle-shaped, two-lobed, but sometimes slightly wavy, with a cap that hangs freely at the edges and a short, slightly curved, and sometimes with deep, longitudinal grooves and folds, white colors, leg;
- with a pitted lobe, which grows in the early autumn period and in time completely intersects with the autumn line, but differs in a folded, two-three-lobed and saddle-shaped, irregularly shaped cap and a short, pitted-striated leg, consisting of fused parallel tubules;
- with a black lobe that grows in late summer or early autumn and also exactly intersects with the autumn line in time, but differs in a small saucer model with lobes, tubercles and folds on the surface, a hat and a small and usually curved, with slightly noticeable pubescence, longitudinal ribs at the base or stripes along the entire length, stalk.
All other lobes bear fruit in spring, being early views, or extremely rare in Russia. In any case, any similar lines autumn views mushrooms, or inedible, or nutritional value basically they don't. Therefore, you should not be afraid of confusion, you just do not need to pick up such or similar mushrooms.
✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality
Autumn line (inviolable gyromitra) is a common saprotroph that grows on soil or decaying decaying wood and close to it, in deciduous and coniferous forests sometimes singly, sometimes in small families.
The autumn line can be found in moderate climate zone Europe and Russia, as well as in the northern United States of America and Canada.
The main fruiting period for the autumn row falls at the end of August and lasts until the end of September, and sometimes until the middle or end of October.
✎ Brief description and application
The autumn line (inviolable gyromitra) belongs to the section of marsupial fungi and it reproduces by spores that are in the fruiting body, in a specialized spore-bearing "bag". Its fruiting body (apothecium) is in the form of a hat on a stalk. The hat is saddle-shaped or irregular in shape, two or four lobed, with edges bluntly turned inward, adhering to the stem. The outer side of the cap is wrinkled and less often smooth, radiant brown (in young fruits), red-brown and dark coffee (in mature fruits), but the inner sphere is paler, velvety to the touch. The leg is cylindrical and slightly granular to the touch, slightly thickened at the base, hollow inside, waxy-white-gray or pink-beige. The flesh is thin, brittle, translucent, grayish in color, tasteless and odorless.
Eating autumn lines (in any form) is not entirely safe, and therefore highly undesirable!
edible mushroom black morel has fragile fruiting bodies 5-12 cm tall, 4-7 cm wide. Cellular conical, ovoid or pear-shaped hat, occupying 2/3 of the fungus in height, dark brown or black with light brown cells. The leg is hollow, fragile, white with a granular surface. The pulp is fragile, not bitter and not burning. There is no milky juice.
Look at the edible morel mushrooms in the photo and remember what they look like to distinguish them from poisonous species:
Mushroom morel growing in mixed forest 
Edible mushroom morel black
Grows in coniferous and mixed forests. Prefers limestone soil.
Black morel occurs in early spring. In central Russia, its fruiting falls on May 10-20, immediately after the wave of fruiting lines. The black morel is quickly damaged by the mushroom mosquito ("worms"), so you need to have time to collect it immediately after the start of fruiting. Fruits abundantly in pine forests after their fires. Grows on fires or close to them.
The black morel has no poisonous twins.
Does not require pre-boiling. The most delicious after cooking for 10 minutes.
Mushroom lines ordinary (with photo)
Mushroom lines ordinary is conditionally edible, its fragile fruit bodies are 4-12 cm tall and wide, hollow with a brown, chestnut or yellow-chestnut hat. The cap is brain-folded, like the inside walnut, irregularly shaped with internal cavities in rather thick pulp. The pulp is light without bitterness and odorless. The leg is white, sometimes pink, also with cavities.
Grows in deciduous and mixed forests, often in small ravines and roadside pits.
Look at the photo of the mushroom lines of this species - they show appearance in different periods of development:
Common line in a mixed forest 
Mushroom lines ordinary
Occurs from late April to mid-May.
There are no toxic twins.
In Russia they eat it. After pre-boiling for 15 minutes and draining the water, it is boiled in salt water or fried. The smell of boiled mushroom lines. The taste of boiled mushroom is good, the texture is pleasant. In France and Germany, the common line is considered a poisonous mushroom.
Mushroom lines autumn: photo and description
If you read the description, the autumn lines mushroom is considered inedible. Fragile fruiting bodies 6-15 cm tall and 4-8 cm wide, hollow with a light brown, dark brown or purple-brown cap. The irregularly shaped cap consists of lobes and cavities. The pulp is thin, fragile, light without bitterness and odorless. The leg is light brown with a finely fleecy surface, also with cavities. Autumn lines are not damaged by insects.
Look at this mushroom lines in the photo and in the description, you should remember it and not try to eat it:
Mushroom lines autumn grows on stumps overgrown with moss 
Line mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forest
Grows in deciduous and mixed forests on destroyed stumps and trunks overgrown with moss or on the ground near them. Autumn line - tree fungus.
Occurs from late August until frost.
Has no poisonous twins.
The mushroom is considered inedible. However, in Russia they eat it. After pre-boiling for 15 minutes and draining the water, it is boiled in salt water or fried. The smell of boiled mushroom lines.
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