The current Federal Law "On Education in Russian Federation» No. 273-FZ was adopted on December 29, 2012. However, since then, various amendments have been adopted, changes have been made, or by-laws have been adopted to clarify or supplement certain norms of the legal document. This article will highlight the main provisions of this law.
The structure of the education system
The educational system in Russia consists of several interrelated elements:
Determining the content - FGT, GEF, programs and standards for individual subjects and in general for the formation of a graduate;
Controlling the implementation - municipal authorities and above;
Forming a portrait of a graduate - potential employers, organizations, institutions, public associations, etc.;
Those involved in the execution of the social order are teachers, schoolchildren and their parents, as well as educational institutions of all levels of education.
Levels of Education
System general education presented in several categories:
Professional education:
professional education;
additional education.
There are four levels of general education:
preschool;
initial;
main;
the average.
An innovation was the recognition of preschool education as one of the levels educational system which increases the importance of attending kindergartens. The once familiar name of the upper level of the school stage of education has been replaced by the term "secondary general education", and the "levels" themselves have disappeared from official documents. From now on, these are “levels of education”.
Professional education does not lag behind general education, whose multilevelness is also represented by four levels:
The average;
higher education with bachelor's degree;
higher education with training of specialists and masters;
higher with the training of highly qualified personnel.
The structure of vocational education with the introduction of the new law has undergone many significant changes. Among them:
The introduction of the previously existing initial vocational training into the structure of secondary vocational education under the brand name "training of qualified specialists";
The traditional open source software has been renamed into the training of mid-level specialists;
In system higher education a third level of training of highly qualified personnel appeared - residency, postgraduate studies, etc.;
Doctoral studies are taken out of the scope of education and included in the scientific sphere.
Is preschool education compulsory?
According to the provisions, preschool education is the right of a citizen of the Russian Federation and is supported by a state guarantee of its receipt. This is a right, not an obligation, so the decision to use it or not is made by the legal representatives of a minor child on their own. This will not affect enrollment in the 1st grade of an educational institution.
Is postgraduate education retained as postgraduate education?
The professional postgraduate education that existed before was transformed into highest level vocational education for the training of qualified personnel for special programs. The list of these programs includes:
Scientific and pedagogical adjuncture (postgraduate studies);
residency;
internship assistant.
How can you get an education?
The legislative framework in the field of education involves the choice of not only the forms of education. Thus, the legal representatives of minor Russian citizens have the right to send their child to study in a specially created institution - a school, technical school, college, gymnasium, lyceum, institute, etc. Or they can limit themselves to home schooling or family education.
As a rule, the majority receives education according to the first option. But even here it is possible several scenarios that are usually in demand when receiving higher professional education:
Full-time education;
part-time;
completely offhand.
Family education or home schooling is less common. This option is mainly used by people with disabilities.
In July 2015, the President of Russia signed the Federal Law on Education No. 273 as amended. The previous version was adopted on December 21, 2012.
This bill provides every citizen of Russia with the constitutionally guaranteed right to receive education in our country. Let's take a look at what changes have been made to it.
Changes:
- The deadline for issuing documentation for schools and universities was extended until 2017. In particular, these structures have one more year left to properly issue their license and undergo accreditation.
- Also, the winners of the Olympiads can use their achievements for another 4 years when entering higher educational institutions in Russia.
- The educational system has also changed. Thus, pre-school institutions are now included in the 1st level of vocational training.
Types of education in the Russian Federation under the new law
According to the new law (Article 10, 273 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation, as amended in 2016), the types of education in our country are divided into four levels of education:
- 1. Preschool
- 2. Common primary
- 3. Basic general
- 4. General average.
The stages of professional acquisition of knowledge are as follows:
- 1. Secondary vocational
- 2. Higher - bachelor's degree
- 3. Higher - specialty, magistracy
- 4. Preparation of the highest personnel qualification.
Methodical day of the teacher according to the new law 273
According to Article 46 of the Federal Law in the new edition, pedagogical activity are entitled to be engaged in by persons who have undergone appropriate special training in educational institutions higher and professional order. Regularly the teaching staff should improve their qualifications.
A separate paragraph of Article 49 states that certification of educators must be carried out at least once every five years. In addition, there is the so-called intermediate certification, which is carried out almost every year.
The teacher is in charge of drawing up his work plan for the students. To do this, he is given a special methodological day, on which the teacher draws up curricula for classes and adjusts his work.
Article 273 of the Federal Law on Education in the Russian Federation
Law 273 is an important document regulating public relations in the field of the educational process. This current regulatory legal act is freely available on the official website of the Ministry of Education, the text is provided with all the latest additions. Also read it summary, features and main provisions are available online for free on the Wikipedia resource. On sites on the Internet, an explanation is given for such a concept as the Federal State Educational Standard - what it is, with answers and pictures. In particular, it says that the fgos (or educational standard) is a set of requirements for training and the level of training of the teaching staff. This document is approved by the federal authority of our state.
Calendar training schedule 2016
The calendar curriculum for 2016 is developed by the teaching staff on the basis of Article 32 of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation. He distinguishes two parts of the educational system, which summarize the plan for the coming academic year. Also, the act must indicate the date when it was adopted.
Work program requirements
Federal Law 273 On Education in the Russian Federation defines the requirements for work program, charter of educational institutions, duties of teachers, parents and students.
According to the law, all children have the right to knowledge, the implementation of which is entrusted primarily to schools. The guarantor of this right is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The program for the educational process also includes amendments regarding persons with disabilities.
The student must attend school without fail, absenting classes should not take place without a good reason. Also, the student is obliged to monitor the state of his health, personal hygiene, observance of discipline and rules of conduct in society.
Legal obligations of parents
The new law "On Education" caused an unprecedented stir both among officials and among ordinary employees of the education sector. And now, the bill, on which the authors have been working for more than 4 years, has finally come into force. What new will he bring to the life of students and teachers?
Highlights of the 2016 Education Law
The task of the Federal Law "On Education" is the settlement of legal relations in the course of educational process. This document declares an individual approach to the organization of the educational process of each student and contains many new products:- preschool institutions are included in the general education system. The training stage does not provide for testing or exams at the end of it. Preschool education provided free of charge, although parents will pay for babysitting services as before;
- municipalities are required to ensure the availability of primary education. So, for each first grader, a place is assigned in a school located in the area where the child lives. If there are not enough places, the school administration will inform parents about free places in other schools in the microdistrict;
- if necessary, the student can study on an individual schedule;
- USE results valid for 4 years;
- compulsory testing of ninth graders. From 2016, they will take tests on forms similar to the USE forms;
- You can now enter a university only on the basis of the results of state exams. The minimum number of USE points for admission by applicants is set by educational organization. This indicator should not be less than that provided by the federal body;
- the higher education system now includes bachelor's, specialist's and master's degrees.
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