Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Vladimir Dal
worm
m. worm, worm; worm, worm, worm, cherev hard. (from the womb, worm); a ringed, legless animal that crawls, grovels; colloquially they also call caterpillars worms, esp. carnivores, in the body of animals or in corpses, as well as entrails and worms. Perch bites on a worm, takes on an earthworm, earthworm. A worm in the dust - and that is God's creation. He won't crush a worm, meek man. The worm will eat all flesh. Kill the worm, have a snack on hunger. Like a worm in a nut, sadness is in the heart. Not a worm that a person inadvertently eats, but a worm that eats a person! The worm also succeeds for a lifetime. Without God, even a worm will devour. Earthworms crawl out - to bad weather.
Worms, pl. red suit in cards, with glasses in the form of a heart; hooves vlad.
Worm, hyoid ligament, frenulum, in humans and animals.
Worms, tul. surovega, buckwheat dough for kvass, mashed into a sieve and poured with vegetable oil. Worm, worm, worm, relating to worms. A worm tin where anglers keep worms. Worm profit, from a worm. Chervezhnik m. who drives caterpillars, fiddles with them; who digs worms for fishing, etc. Wormy, what worms got into, what they ate. Wormy corpse; - an apple, a tree, a wormhole, a wormhole, a wormhole, a wormhole is also a move, a hole carved by a worm. Pear with a wormhole. Worms for bread coniferous forest. Worm tree. Worm-bitten, worm-bitten bread, forest, fruits. A wormhole is not a reproach to a red apple. Hearty southern. sowing wormy. Basok (red outside), but wormy. Wormy what, make wormy; worm, become wormy, be eaten by worms, caterpillars. Worms. baby, baby, devil, offspring of bees, testicles, caterpillars and larvae; in each black cell, one testicle; bee caterpillars are fed with bee bread, bread, and the larva is sealed tightly with wax, this is a printed or covered devil. Draw, about the uterus, sow, seed, lay eggs. Blackened cells, blackened, in which the testicle. Wormy, draw a hive, transplant a nest, foundation with a worm, from hive to hive. Scarlet, action. by vb.
Establishment of a cherry uterus, children, testicular toe, offspring. Cherit, the same where they say a devil instead of a worm. The mother began to draw. Chervenitsa arch. a kind of shovel, with which worms are dug for oud.
Plant, see bugla. The worm, legless lizard of hot countries. Worm, Coecilia, reptile of hot countries, similar to a snake, legless toad; other types of her eyeless. Meatworm m. Insect Coccus, cochineal, giving paint worm, worm; a simple analysis of it: a stationery seed.
Composition of antimony and sulfur, kermes. Cherven m. old. the month of June, it is time to collect the mealybug in the western provinces;
church yarn or fabrics dyed with a worm. Wormweed m. plant Barbada? turnip?
Rusten. Potentilla argentea. Chervichnik m. gourd? milk, rake, cinquefoil, ulabnik, dog; a mealybug is collected from its root in southern and western Russia.
The worm and the worm are also plants. Scleranthus annuus, diwala, dry grass, kosher, chewing gum, stationery root.
Chervichnik plant Thlaspi arvense, yarutka, money keeper, talaban, verednik, toad, golichek, komelek, klopets? Chervenitsa (wormworm), dye plant, Anchusa tinctoria. Scarlet, worm, crimson and crimson, worm-colored, bright crimson. Chlamyda scarlet, church. And sometimes the royal coffin is wooden, upholstered in cherry velvet in the middle, and worm-like on top, Kotoshikhin. Red banner, red bangs, A word about Igor's regiment. Scarlet scarlet, scarlet w. clothes of this color, now bol. solemn outerwear of the sovereign, ermine, covered with worm cloth, mantle, porphyry.
Worm, scarlet yarn. Scarlet, from crimson yarn, fabric. Chervlenets m. Scarletness purplishness, purplishness. Scarlet, paint with scarlet paint; turn scarlet, become scarlet, turn purple, turn purple. Sunset, sunrise turns scarlet. Chervlen black or black, bright red vohra, ferruginous clay, which is used to paint fences, roofs, etc. Chervonny yuzhn. app. red, scarlet, bright red.
To worms, card suit, related. Ace of Hearts. Chervonka, red card. Red noun. or chervonets m. a gold coin of about three rubles for silver, puchkovy, Dutch gold. Pure gold, of the kindness that goes into gold coins. Chervegonnye (chervogonnye) drugs, anthelmintic. Chervogon, chervogonnik, plant. Zygophillum. Worm-like, worm-like, worm-like or worm-like, similar to a worm.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
worm
worm, m. The ancient name of the letter "h".
worm
worm, pl. worms, worms, m.
An elongated, soft-bodied, boneless animal. Earthworm. You are buried in the bitter cold, the greedy worm has not touched you. Nekrasov.
Insect larva (colloquial). Silkworms.
trans. Nothingness (rhetoric.). I am a king, I am a slave, I am a worm, I am a god. Derzhavin.
trans. Symbolic designation of painful, painful anxiety (book). The worm of suffering lurked in the chest. A.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.
worm
I, pl. -and, -hey, m.
A boneless crawling animal with an elongated body. Flat, ringed worms. Earthen tea. Silkworm tea (silkworm caterpillar).
trans., what. In combination with the words "doubt", "repentance", "envy" and some others: about a hidden, constantly tormenting feeling. Ch. doubt sharpens the heart.
adj. worm, -th, oh (to 1 value).
New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
worm
-
An invertebrate animal that moves by bending its long body.
unfold An insect larva similar to such an animal.
Use as a symbol of excruciating, painful anxiety.
m. A pitiful, insignificant person; nonentity.
m. The name of the letter of the ancient Slavic or old Russian alphabet.
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
Worm (novel)
"Worm", "Chrysalis" - last novel English writer John Fowles, published in 1985. The work describes fictional events that preceded the birth of the founder of the Shaker sect, Anna Lee, postponed by the author one year ahead compared to real events, in February 1737. The title of the novel, explained by the author in the prologue, refers to the late XVII- the beginning of the 18th century English word maggot, which had the meaning of "whim, fantasy"; other possible interpretations of the title become clearer as the story progresses. The style and metanarrative techniques used by Fowles have led critics to attribute this novel to postmodern literature.
The chronology of the events of the novel is clearly marked, they begin at the end of April 1736, when a group of the main participants in the events described is formed. Described from various points of view, at first as some personal vision of the author, they are later transmitted from a third person and in the form of interrogations conducted under oath by the lawyer Henry Askew on behalf of his noble employer, probably a duke, concerned about the disappearance of his youngest son. Gradually, the outer side of events becomes clearer, according to which the missing person, calling himself "Mr. Bartholomew", initially accompanied only by his deaf-mute servant Dick, hires three companions to make a mysterious journey. These companions are London's Rebecca Hocknell, actor John Lacy and the face of no particular occupation David Jones. Each of them, in the process of interrogation, sets out different versions of what happened, according to the degree of their awareness and life views. From their testimony, the reader learns that the educated and alien to the temptations of life "Bartholomew", wanting to make contact with certain "keepers of the waters", and fearing to be followed on his way through Exmoor, hires Lacey and Jones so that their presence distracts on yourself attention. Rebecca's role remains unclear. The version suggested at the beginning that she was hired to participate in an orgy, and then a satanic rite, is refuted by Rebecca's own version, according to which she witnessed the communication of "Bartholomew" with members of the Trinity, first at Stonehenge, and then in a Devonshire cave; “Bartholomew” himself returned to Heaven, from where he, in a sense, came. A modern reader in her description may assume a story about contact with an extraterrestrial civilization or time travelers. The last part of the book is devoted to later life Rebecca and her family, who had changed their original Quaker beliefs to more radical ones closer to the Camisars.
Throughout the book, the author shares his attitude to what is happening, explains the motivations of the heroes of the story based on the ideas of various classes characteristic of that time about the predestination of their position, the role of their "", individualism, women's rights, and progress. The author also gives various details about the life and laws of England in the 1730s, placing his work in a historical context. Thus, the witchcraft law, adopted a year before the events described, is mentioned, which made it illegal to accuse someone of witchcraft; adopted, providing for severe penalties for the most minor offenses. The novel also contains references to literary works and authors of the 18th-19th centuries. Thus, Fowles writes that he sought to use the techniques of Daniel Defoe. He also reports that John Lacy played in Henry Fielding's play "Pasquin" - I wonder what one of the plays by this author is called. The reference in one of Askew's letters to the riots caused by the actions of the captain in Edinburgh may be a reference to the novel Edinburgh Dungeon by Walter Scot, which describes these riots, and the manner of narration is reminiscent of Fowles' techniques in this novel. Moreover, the story of the appearance of the devil in the form of a black man, told in Scot's novel through the mouth of his character David Deans, resembles the version of events in Stonehenge told by Rebecca to David Jones.
The novel was translated into Russian twice: by V. Lanchikov as "Worm" in 1996, and by A. Safronov and O. Serebryanaya as "Dolly" in 2011.
Examples of the use of the word worm in the literature.
Romuald - young rot of West Africa, avant-garde bank worms.
These goods were marine animals: sponges, tunicates, sea anemones, all kinds of starfish, mollusks, barnacles, worms the creeping flowers of the sea, sea urchins- prickly, nondescript golovachi, crabs, Sea Horses, sea goats - so transparent that they almost do not give a shadow - in a word, a fabulous many-sided world of smaller brothers, inhabitants of the ocean.
At home, secluded in his stone cell and having established on the worn out worms On the table, a heavy copper inkwell brought with him, Alexy translated the fiery words of the Teacher, who rejected all earthly self-interest, and immediately remembered who and what kind of bribe should be given tomorrow in the secret of the great chartophylact and who should not be offended by handing a bribe to his blood enemy.
Amirani cut off the last head of the dragon, three worm: white, yellow and blue.
Where the flies sit worms start up, where his anda, there is cunning, deceit, deceit.
Each person secretly gnaws worm anti-state feelings, because any power presses.
During the years of perestroika, when worm anti-state feeling was fed to incredible proportions, all parts of the state were under fire - from economic bodies, the military-industrial complex, the army and the police to the school system and orphanages.
He stepped on holothurians peacefully swallowing silt, on starfish slowly crawling along the bottom, on marble-white sac-shaped sea squirts bursting under his heavy soles, on calcareous tubules. worms, sticking up their feathery gills with the thinnest branching pattern of the circulatory system.
Lifting Guyer with difficulty, he rolled him over the edge of the basket just at the moment when the giant red worm rammed a wall - to stop such a monster, little aerosol was sprayed.
In the same place, the girls, while we were carrying canoes, managed to dig worms for fishing and steal an old iron iron with an obscure past and future.
We got acquainted with ulva - sea lettuce, whose wide leaves are edible, and with red algae, phyllophora and coralline, and with sea worms, who hide in tube houses, and with a sea acorn, one of the most tenacious and tenacious stowaways.
The inscription on the plate was: CHAGI CAPELLA Designed by Raphael All interior decoration by Lorenzo Bernini Langdon read the inscription twice, but still gnawed at it worm doubts.
A scorching heat, fiery worm disappeared from our eyes, but from the trembling of the air over the slope, from the clouds of steam and sheaves of crackling sparks into which the bushes turned, we realized that he was moving towards the top of the hill.
I beat, pick the last trump, win back B10 worms, I move to the table for the queen of spades and my missing diamonds fly to the ace worms and the king of clubs.
Dissolve me quickly, what can burn there, not the guts of Rusty Worm, in fact?
- (Vermes), a combined group of invertebrates, uniting the lower bilaterally symmetrical animals (Bilateria) with an elongated body, to which the swarm was previously given the rank of type. Modern researchers divide Ch. into independent types: flat Ch., nemertins, ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
- (Vermes) extensive c. invertebrates, characterized by a number of common features: a bilateral body structure, the development of a skin-muscular sac that envelops the body and consists of a single-layer epithelium and differently arranged muscles, the absence of ... ... Geological Encyclopedia
Worms, worms... Russian word stress
1. WORMS, to her; WORMS, worms; pl. (unit of worm, s; f.). Card suit, denoted by red hearts. Lead hearts. Seven of worms. Ch. Trumps. On the hands of one h. ◁ Hearts; Chervonny, oh, oh. Ch. ace, king. 2. WORMS see Worm. * * * worms… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Hearts, hearts, suit, worms, worm Dictionary of Russian synonyms. worms n., number of synonyms: 6 fats (5) suit ... Synonym dictionary
WORMS- (vermes), a type (and, according to some authors, a group of types) of invertebrate animals, occupying, in terms of the height of their organization, a kind of middle position between intestinal cavities, on the one hand, and arthropods (and soft-bodied) on the other. Ch. have b. h… … Big Medical Encyclopedia
worms- WORMS, hearts, colloquial. reduced worm... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
WORMS, a group of invertebrates. Most worms have an elongated body, the walls of which consist of the skin and muscles. About 40 thousand species. Free-living forms live in the seas, fresh waters and soil. Moreover,… … Modern Encyclopedia
A combined group of protostomes invertebrates with an elongated body, uniting flatworms, protocavities, nemalmints, nemertines, annelids and etc … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
WORMS, worms. see hearts. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
WORMS, her, pits and WORMS, worms, worms. V playing cards: the name of the red suit with a picture of hearts. King of Hearts. | adj. red, oh, oh and worm, oh, oh (colloquial). Red lady. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Books
- Worms, R. Flanagan. 1995 edition. The security is very good. A country of many millions, proud of its powerful army, enthusiastically chanting "USA" and an army machine that crushes people under it. Army and...
- Worms-parasites - the cause of unrecognized diagnoses, O. I. Eliseeva. What is helminthiasis, what types of parasites can inhabit our organs, and what are the known ways of their penetration into human body. Symptoms of helminthiasis and its similarity with ...
The types of worms bred on very farms are diverse and they belong to invertebrates. In turn, if you are interested in what kind of worms are, then you need to know that representatives of this family have a classification and numerous varieties, but they all have an elongated body, as well as an anterior and posterior end. The body of the worm is enclosed in a musculocutaneous sac.
Types
The type of worms can be the following:
- flat;
- ciliary;
- tape;
- round;
- ringed.
The characteristic of worms provides for their structure and size, which can be different. In the bulk of worms, the body is elongated, has a thread-like shape and is slightly flattened, if we talk about a flat or tapeworm. If we take round and ringed, then its body is cylindrical in section, similar to a circle.
The body size of roundworms can be quite small and can only be seen well with a microscope, so there are species that are impressive in size, one to two meters in length and even more.
flat
Flatworms have, as their name suggests, a flat (even flattened) body symmetrical on both sides, the head and tail are distinctly expressed. Representatives of this species lack respiratory organs and blood vessels. The exchange of gases occurs throughout the body. The musculoskeletal sac is an epithelium and 2 layers of muscles - annular and longitudinal.
Burning briefly about the nervous system of flatworms, it is worth noting that in almost all species it is composed of longitudinal columns (dorsal, abdominal and lateral). Some species have cells of touch, as well as organs that help the worm to navigate and distinguish between chemicals. composition of the environment, which allows them to navigate confidently enough.
Most flatworms are hermaphrodites. This means that they have both male and female cells. However, they cannot reproduce on their own. When mating, two individuals are in close contact with each other with the abdominal parts and sperm is exchanged. As a result, each individual will independently lay eggs.
This video tells all about the life and structure of a flatworm
Ciliary worms are oval in shape - the surface of the body is covered with ciliary epithelium. With the help of these cilia, the worm communicates with the outside world. They live in both salt and fresh water, individual species on land. In front of the body of ciliary worms there are organs of touch, a mouth on the abdomen.
The musculocutaneous sac has circular, longitudinal, and diagonal muscles. In the skin there are glands that secrete mucus, which the worm needs to glide. In some species, it is toxic and with the help of them it can kill prey.
Curious!!! The ciliary worm has pharyngeal glands that secrete an enzyme necessary for digestion. The worm can attack various small crustaceans, which it is not able to swallow. In such a situation, he injects this enzyme into the victim, and then eats the semi-digested mass.
Reproduction of this species occurs similarly to flat ones.
The sizes of tapeworms can be both completely microscopic and quite impressive, up to ten meters. The body of the tapeworm is divided into segments. In the anterior part is the head, which has microscopic suckers, in front of it is the neck, which is constantly turning into new segments. As a result of this process, the worm grows. All segments have reproductive organs. Worms of this species are fertilized crosswise and eggs ripen in all segments.
The roundworm is distinguished by a long body shape, which is a circle in section. The mouth is in front of the body. intestinal tract straight. The back part ends with a hole through which the intestinal tract is emptied. The body is covered with a specific cuticle. Between it and the intestinal tract are longitudinal muscles and 4 chords, which have different purposes. The dorsal and abdominal provide for the nerve trunks, and the lateral - for the sensory nervous system and excretory channels.
Curious!!! Growing in the process of life, worms of this species are released from the old skin, changing it with a new one. This species can reproduce without mating. Very often, the appearance of larvae occurs in the body of the worms themselves.
ringed
Ringed are considered the most organized of all species. Its body is made up of single segments. This species in the process of life does not shed the cuticle, which increases as its body grows. Their body is covered with chitinous bristles, which are its limbs. The movement of individuals of this species occurs due to muscle contraction or with the help of bristles.
Under the skin are longitudinal and circular muscles. In the body of worms of this species is a specific fluid. The intestinal tract is straight, the digestive tract has a through structure.
Curious!!! In individuals of this species, the blood supply system is closed and provides for a pair of vessels, one of which is located on the back and the other on the abdomen. Blood, depending on the species, can be of different colors from red to colorless.
If we talk about the nervous system, then it is quite primitive and consists of two nodes of the head and abdominal. All segments of the body of worms of this species have their own nerve ganglion. Some species have eyes on the head, while others have tactile cells on the body. They can reproduce without a pair.
This video shows what annelids are and everything about their structure and life.
John Shoch and Jon Hupp in 1978. The term "worm" was influenced by the science fiction novels When HARLEY Was One Year Old by David Gerrold (1972), which featured worm-like programs, and On the Shockwave. (English) John Brunner (1975), where the term itself is introduced.
One of the most famous computer worms is the Morris Worm, written in 1988 by Robert Morris Jr., who was then a student at Cornell University. The worm began spreading on November 2, after which the worm quickly infected approximately 6,200 computers (about 10% of all computers connected to the Internet at that time).
Distribution mechanisms
All mechanisms (“attack vectors”) of worm propagation are divided into two large groups:
- Exploitation of vulnerabilities and administrative errors in the software installed on the computer. The Morris worm used known vulnerabilities in software at that time, namely in the sendmail mail server, the finger service, and guessed the password using a dictionary. Such worms can spread autonomously, choosing and attacking computers in a fully automatic manner.
- Using the means of so-called social engineering, the launch of a malicious program is provoked by the user himself. To convince the user that a file is safe, flaws in the program's user interface can be included - for example, the VBS.LoveLetter worm exploited the fact that Outlook Express hides file extensions. This method is widely used in spam mailings, in social networks etc.
Sometimes there are worms with a whole range of different propagation vectors, victim selection strategies, and even exploits for various operating systems.
Propagation speed
The propagation speed of a network worm depends on many factors: the network topology, the algorithm for searching for vulnerable computers, and the average speed of creating new copies.
Network worms that propagate through the network through the direct use of TCP / IP protocols, that is, from any IP address to any other, are characterized by rapid spread. Provided that each instance of the worm reliably knows the address of a previously uninfected network node, exponential reproduction is possible. For example, if each instance infects one computer per second, the entire IPv4 address space will be filled with the worm in half a minute. A hypothetical worm that would be able to spread at such a speed was given the name "blitzkrieg worm". Researcher N. Weaver from the University of Berkeley considered simple suboptimal algorithms that could allow a worm, multiplying somewhat more slowly, to infect the Internet in 15 minutes. A worm of this type was named "Warhol worm" - in honor of Andy Warhol, the author of the saying:
Most mail worms are distributed as a single file. They do not need a separate "infectious" part, since usually the victim user, using an email client or Internet browser, voluntarily downloads and launches the entire worm.
Often worms, even without any payload, overload and temporarily disable networks only due to intensive propagation. A typical meaningful payload may consist in corrupting files on the victim computer (including changing web pages, the so-called “deface”), it is also possible to organize a botnet from infected computers to carry out network attacks, send spam, or (more recently) cryptocurrency mining.
Protection methods
Because of network worms they use vulnerabilities in third-party software or the operating system to penetrate the user's system, the use of signature-based anti-virus monitors is not enough to protect against worms. Also, when using methods
In different sources, you can find "earthworms", "dung worms", "earthworms", "compost worms", etc. Let's see how the worms are called correctly and how they differ.
earthworms called family large soil oligochaeta worms Lumbricidae (Lumbritsida), which belong to the order of higher oligochaetes Lumbricomorpha, the class of oligochaete worms Oligochaeta (Oligochaeta), the subtype of Clitellata (Clitellata) girdle worms, and the type of annelids Annelida (Annelida). The type of annelids, or rings, covers a significant number of species (about 9000) of higher worms.
Types of earthworms differ not only in structure, but also in habitat, lifestyle and a special role in the soil formation process. Everything family species lumbiricidae (Lumbricidae) grouped in eight births, of which the most studied genus Eisenia. The representative of this genus, the dung worm Foetida (Eisenia Foetida), is cultivated in Russia.
Therefore, a dung worm can be safely called an earthworm - it's just a more generalized concept.
Categories of worms according to their behavior
Earthworms are grouped into three categories according to their behavior in natural environment: anecic, endogeic and epigeic.
Anecic species build vertical burrows up to 1.5-2 meters deep. They feed on to a certain extent fermented organic matter on the surface of the soil and convert it into humus. If these worms are deprived of their permanent habitat, they stop multiplying and growing. They are very important for soil formation. The main species are Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea longa.
Endogeic varieties, type Aporrectodea calignosa, build all-round, mostly horizontal burrows where they stay most of the time, feeding on the mineral particles of the soil. Prefer soil less saturated with organic matter. This is the only variety earthworms, which actually feed on a lot of soil. Moving through the soil and passing it through their intestines, they mix and ventilate it, as well as enrich it with nutrients and microflora.
Epigeic species, do not build permanent burrows, they usually live in the topsoil, for example, in the forest under piles of leaves - i.e. in areas rich in organic raw materials. Quite often they can be found in manure heaps. Due to the fact that they do not make deep holes and prefer to eat material rich in organic matter, they are easily adapted to vermiculturing. This is just what it is those worms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andreii. They make up approximately 80-90% of earthworms used in large scale commercial operations.
That diligent Californian
Eisenia foetida is the California red worm. Thus, it is correct to refer to a Californian as both "rain" and "dung." The same applies to the Prospector worm - this is also Eisenia foetida.
Their only difference is that different populations of the same worms were used for selection. The Californian was bred in California using local worms, and Prospector in our country, in the Vladimir region, crossing a local worm and a worm from Kyrgyzstan.
Therefore, both the red Californian worm and the prospector worm can be called breeds earthworm Eisenia foetida.
Igonin A.M. about the differences between a prospector and a Californian
In his book How to Increase Soil Fertility Dozens of Times with the Help of Earthworms (2000, third edition), Professor Igonin writes, “comparative and parallel studies of our technological worms and California red did not reveal any differences between them in 14 features.”
Recall that it was Anatoly Mikhailovich Igonin who in the 80s of the last century received the earthworm breed "prospector".
How to Increase Soil Fertility with California Worms, S. Kulish (2005)
How to increase soil fertility tenfold with the help of earthworms, A. Igonin (2000)
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