Culture of Neighborhood
Topic
. The need to protect the nature of Crimea. The work of people (foresters, firefighters, zoologists, botanists, etc.) who care about the protection of nature. Protection of steppes, mountains, forests from fires and pests. Protection of reservoirs. Journey to the Crimean forest (green zone, steppe, mountains, etc.). Vegetable world region of residence. Basic rules of conduct during a natural history excursion. Reservoirs (seas, lakes, rivers, springs) and mountains: opportunities for active recreationTarget:
to show the historical role of the Crimean peninsula in the history and modernity of Russia, the validity of reunification from the point of view of moral and ethical standards.
Tasks:
educational:
– development of new, previously unstudied material about new subjects of the Russian Federation,
- Introduce students to history cultural heritage Crimea, to form an idea of the nature of Crimea;
- introduce students to the work of Russian artists (I.K. Aivazovsky, I.I. Levitan, A.P. Bogolyubov, K.A. Korovin, R.G. Sudkovsky), writers and poets (A.S. Pushkin, A. K. Tolstoy, M. Gorky, M. M. Kotsyubinsky and others);
- contribute to the formation of the concept of the landscape and the ability to analyze it;
educational:
- education in students of pride and respect for the history of their country, its achievements and heritage, education of tolerance and friendly relations between fraternal peoples, patriotism, love for nature;
developing:
- to interest students in the proposed material, to give them the opportunity to independently continue the study of this topic.
Formation of cognitive UUD:
expand the idea of Crimea as a landscape and historical and cultural reserve, sung in works of literature and art; to form key competencies in the field of literature, geography, information technology; develop cognitive interest in various fields of knowledge.
Formation of personal UUD:
communication skills; creative abilities of students.
Formation of regulatory UUD:
education of patriotic feelings, tolerance and respect for the ethnic diversity of the Crimean population
During the classes
1. Organizational stage
Organization of classroom space for children to work. Greeting students, checking their readiness for the lesson. Workplace preparation.
2. The stage of preparing students for the active assimilation of knowledge
Teacher:
Guys, today we again turn to those works that are stored and exhibited in museums.
In order to find out what genre of fine art we will turn to, we will solve the rebus
Question for children:
- Do you know what a landscape is?
Teacher:
The word comes from French and is translated into Russian as "image of the country", i.e. an image of an area.
We live in central Russia, but today we will not turn to native nature, and to the nature of the amazing region - to the nature of the Crimean peninsula.
Questions for children:
- Have you heard of such a peninsula? Has anyone been to Crimea?
- Do you know why we are talking about Crimea?
Teacher:
Today you have the opportunity to admire one of the most beautiful places planets. The great Chilean poet Pablo Neruda called Crimea an order on the chest of planet Earth. Not only him, but many others creative people I was fascinated by the beauty of this region, which the gods created for themselves, but then presented to people.
Crimea is a wonderful corner of generous nature, a museum under open sky. How much magic in the Crimean names!
Viewing and commenting by the teacher of the slide presentation "Nature of Crimea".
1.
Epigraph:
... I love more and more painfully
Every meter of this strange land
The burning sun above her
Burning mountains in the distance
Heat-worn villages
Herds exhausted by the heat...
Dry hot sighs,
Frantic songs of cicadas.
And in the heavy delirium of dry wind,
In merciless prickly dust
I keep on loving without getting sober
Every meter of this difficult land
Let it be gloomy, let it be unsung,
Let such an unusual in the Crimea.
Yu.V. Drunina
Next, the teacher demonstrates slides with photographs of the nature of the Crimea, accompanying them with the statements of poets and writers.
2.
K.G. Paustovsky (1892-1968) wrote:
"There are corners of our land so beautiful that every visit to them causes a feeling of happiness.... Such is Crimea..."
3.
The Polish poet A. Mickiewicz, shocked by the charm of the southern coast of Crimea, writes: "Before me is a country of magical beauty. The sky is clear here, the faces are so beautiful..."
4.
"I walked here as if in a dream," Ukrainian poet M.M. Kotsyubinsky conveys his impression.
5.
"He walked in mute admiration ..." - M. Gorky admitted in the story "My Companion".
Many admiring lines about the Crimea belong to the poet A. S. Pushkin.
In Crimea, a unique combination of steppe plains and mountain peaks, cooled down and mud hills, cozy bays and steep cliffs, sandy or pebbly picturesque coasts. It is not for nothing that the southern coast is called the Crimean paradise. Here are sheer steep mountains, expanses of the sea, deep gorges, shady forests, swift mountain streams and waterfalls. On the South Coast you can find corners reminiscent of the nature of many countries of the world - Italy and Spain, Australia and Greece.
The peninsula is washed by the Black and Azov seas. There are more than 150 rivers and streams in Crimea.
6.
Benediktov's poem "Streams":
Not wide, not deep
Crimean water streams,
But there are a whole swarm of them ...
7.
One of the rarest and most amazingly beautiful corners of our Motherland is the Kara-Dag mountain range. It originated from the heyday of volcanic activity in the Crimea many millions of years ago. The name "Kara-Dag" came down to us from the Middle Ages and in the Turkic languages means "black mountain".
The Crimean cities - Yalta, Feodosia, Koktebel, Evpatoria, Sudak, Sevastopol and Simferopol were sung by many poets. Here the best people of Russia drew inspiration, indulged in romantic impulses, some even found personal happiness. These cities have not lost their charm in our time - they still inspire writers, poets, and artists.
But why a lot of stories, legends, fairy tales have been collected about the small Crimea. What for? Because it is part of the culture and history of our amazing corner of the earth and cannot but be of interest.
8.
You will now hear one of the many legends about one of the most remarkable natural monuments of the southern coast of Crimea - Mount Ayu-Dag. Its resemblance to a bear, which, as if seized with thirst, fell to the sea to get drunk has long been surprising and gave rise to many legends about this natural monument.
Legend of Bear Mountain.
In remote times, a herd of huge animals settled on the very shore of the sea. It was controlled by the leader - an old and formidable bear. Once the bears returned from a raid and found the wreckage of a ship on the shore.
Among them lay a bundle. The old leader unfolded it and saw a little girl. The girl began to live among the bears. As the years passed, she grew and became beautiful girl.
Once, not far from the bear's lair, a boat with a young handsome young man was washed ashore. The storm carried his boat along the waves for a long time, until it was thrown onto the Crimean coast. The girl carried the young man to a secluded place. Many times she brought the young man food and drink. The young man told her how people live in his native land. And these days they fell in love with each other.
The young man was already strong, he made a mast, made a sail - the lovers decided to leave the bear coast.
Then the bears returned to the shore from a distant campaign and did not find the girl. The leader looked at the sea and roared furiously. He lowered his huge mouth into the blue moisture and began to draw in the water with force. Others followed suit. The current carried the boat back to shore.
And the girl sang. As soon as her voice reached the animals, they raised their heads from the water and listened. Only the old leader continued his work. He plunged his front paws and muzzle even deeper into the cold waves. The sea was seething at his mouth, pouring into it in wide streams.
In the song, the girl conjured all the forces of earth and heaven to stand in defense of her first, pure love. She begged the old bear to spare the young man. And the girl's prayer was so fervent that the terrible beast stopped drawing water into itself. But he did not want to leave the coast, he continued to lie, peering into the distance, where the boat with the creature to which he had become attached disappeared.
And the old bear has been lying on the shore for thousands of years. His mighty body petrified. Powerful sides turned into steep abysses, a high back became the top of a mountain that reaches the clouds, the head became a sharp rock, thick coat turned into a dense forest. The old leader-bear became Bear-mountain.
9.
Swallow's Nest is an architectural monument located on a sheer 40-meter Aurora rock. And it has its own history, but, unfortunately, in one lesson we will not have enough time to learn everything about the nature of Crimea. I hope that at home with your parents you will be able to find many more interesting information about this magical land.
3. Goal setting.
The teacher organizes a dialogue with the students, during which he helps to formulate some of the objectives of the lesson.
Questions for children:
- What image do you have after watching the presentation?
What do you think the goals and objectives of the lesson are?
3. Stage of assimilation of new knowledge
1.
Teacher:
Let's get acquainted with the history and cultural heritage of Crimea.
The paths of its history are complex and whimsical. When you try to trace them from today, it begins to seem as if someone almighty was amused by this small peninsula, like a precious toy: “But I will do something else with it ... And what will happen?” ....
For many centuries Crimea was conquered and inhabited different nations, it had different names - Taurida, Khazaria, the Crimean Khanate, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic .... In the 10th century in the Crimea, Prince Vladimir of Kyiv adopted Christianity, from the Crimean land it spread to Russia. Then the Crimea was captured Ottoman Empire. In the 18th century, Empress Catherine II signed a decree on the annexation of Crimea to Russia. In the middle of the 20th century, the leader Soviet Union N. Khrushchev transferred the Crimean region to Ukraine. And now from March 21, 2014 again Crimean peninsula found himself with his homeland - Russia!
Time changes, peoples change, but love for the Crimea remains unchanged ... Love for this amazing corner of the Earth.
2.
Acquaintance with the work of Russian artists and poets who dedicated their works to the Crimea.
Crimea is an amazing place that was admired by everyone who has been here. He did not leave indifferent not only writers, poets, but also artists who visited here.
The artist and teacher A. M. Dubinchik said that "Landscape is the artist's confession."
Questions for children:
- What does confession mean? (confess, tell the truth, tell secrets)
- And what can artists confess, confess to us, the audience, depicting nature? (in love with her)
View slide presentation "Crimea in the works of artists":
1. I.K. Aivazovsky "Moonlit night in the Crimea",
2. L.I. Levitan "Crimean coast",
3. A.P. Bogolyubov "Gurzuf and Ayu-Dag"
4. A. Kuindzhi "Crimea. Yayla",
5. Kuprin "Bakhchisaray. Poplars",
6. Konchalovsky "Bakhchisarai. Poplars",
7.K.A. Korovin.
Artists, like poets, have a special interest in Crimean landscapes.
3.
All landscapes are different, but there are some rules for constructing a drawing that artists use.
4. Practical activity.
The teacher proposes to complete the landscape of the Crimean nature, guided by the knowledge gained.
5. Summing up the lesson.
The teacher invites students to demonstrate their work to each other and evaluate their work.
6. Reflection.
So our acquaintance with the nature of Crimea ended. What did you learn new today?
Statements (in a chain) of students:
Crimea is .... (Nature Reserve; the land where all year round, something blooms; a land that is always ready to receive guests; sea tale; land of ancient legends, etc.)
Teacher: Crimea is a beautiful land! I hope that each of you will be able to visit there someday and see all the splendor of the Crimean nature is no longer in the photographs and paintings of artists.
Fauna protection provides for:
obtaining products and raw materials for human needs (meat, furs, antlers, etc.);
regulation of the number of species depending on their role in the life and economy of people;
preservation of species diversity, the gene pool of the animal world.
The protection of wild animals is a wide range of activities carried out by state and public organizations to preserve the species composition of the fauna, to maintain the optimal number of useful animals. It includes legal regulation hunting, explanatory work among the population, securing land for hunting groups, biotechnical measures aimed at preserving and increasing the number of birds and animals, organizing wildlife sanctuaries, nature reserves, protected hunting farms, protecting habitats of wild fauna, combating poaching, regulating trapping for zoos and for export, breeding in game grounds.
Especially careful should be the protection of rare and endangered animals. Measures for their conservation, in addition to absolute protection, provide for strict adherence to the rules for the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, captive breeding and gradual domestication of animals, the preservation of natural ecologically optimal biotopes, resettlement and acclimatization, and propaganda among the population of the ideas of protecting rare species.
The goal of protecting rare game animals is to increase their numbers to a level that allows them to be used in the interests of man. With an increase in the number of animals, they again become commercial objects, since if they exceed the optimal norms, they can harm adjacent sectors of the economy. Thus, in a number of areas, excessively breeding elk over large areas destroy the young forest or damage the most valuable tree species in it. Wild boars damage potato fields, crops of peas, oats, and other crops. Mass raids on the fields are made in autumn by waterfowl.
In modern conditions, the protection of animals should be active. One of the rational ways to preserve and increase the number of valuable animals is Organization of intensive hunting AND Fisheries. At the same time, animals are taken into account, fed, diseases are prevented, etc. They are shot or caught in such a way that this does not affect the state of reproduction of the population. The greatest effect is given by a complex of biotechnical measures that simultaneously affect both animals and their environment.
TO Biotechnical These include measures aimed at preserving wild fauna, improving the conditions for its existence and reproduction: active direct protection of animals, conservation of biotopes occupied by animals, increasing the protective properties of lands, improving and expanding the food supply, providing conditions for nesting, combating diseases, regulating the number of predators, resettlement (acclimatization and re-acclimatization) of fauna, assistance during natural disasters (floods, snowfalls, etc.).
To rescue animals in distress harsh winter, their reinforced feeding is practiced, laying paths to feeding grounds. During the flood period, animals are caught and taken out from unflooded islands in boats. For top dressing, hay, root crops, concentrated feed, grain waste, pre-cut and dried shoots of woody plants are used, fodder fields are created, salt licks are built.
For the breeding season, rest zones and periods of silence are established. When planting forests, heddle (protective) areas are created from prickly and dense rocks, fruit and berry plants are planted.
To prevent the death of ANIMALS in the FIELDS, harvesting begins not from the periphery, but from the center of the field, various scaring devices are used - hinged rattles, rods with dragging chains, scarecrows made of metal plates that emit a rattling SOUND even in light wind.
Animals can die on highways. To prevent death at the crossing points, Animals are provided with warning signs and speed limits.
All animals and birds in a state of natural freedom constitute State HUNTING Fund. This fund can only be used in compliance with the Established Rules.
Land and forest areas, which are the habitat of wild animals and birds, are hunting grounds. In accordance with the Regulations on hunting and hunting economy, the main form of organizing a hunting economy is the assignment of land to state, cooperative and public organizations. Hunting groups carry out a set of measures in these lands to protect and increase WILD ANIMALS, and during the hunting season they get them.
Consolidation is carried out for a period of at least ten years, in the future, the assigned team is given a priority right to use these lands.
voluntary hunting societies unite 2.5 million hunters-athletes in our country
Hunters must have appropriate Documents and strictly follow the rules of hunting. Hunting weapons can only be purchased with a hunting license and a special permit from the police. The rules of hunting provide for the prohibition of hunting in nature reserves, green areas of cities. It is prohibited to build traps dangerous to humans, use nets, loops, lighting devices at night, hunt in pasta, deep snow, drive animals onto smooth ice, and hunt animals in distress. It is not allowed to install crossbows, use trapping pits, loops, poisons, explosives, apply for hunting vehicles, harvest beavers, otter, mink, muskrat, muskrat with firearms.
Hunting in violation of established rules- Poaching. This is hunting without a hunting license, with a hunting license that is invalid or belonging to another person, hunting in prohibited places and within prohibited periods for birds and animals prohibited for hunting, with someone else's weapons, using generally dangerous tools and methods, in violation of all other hunting rules. Products of illegal hunting from poachers are confiscated free of charge, tools and hunting equipment are confiscated, fines and other penalties are applied.
The forbidden methods of hunting include hunting for hares in white camouflage; on fur and hoofed animals with greyhounds, service and yard dogs; shooting from under the headlights, from any type of transport, including motor boats; fishing with traps, snares, nets, hooks (except for animals that harm agriculture). It is also forbidden to catch birds caught in bad weather, collect bird eggs and destroy nests.
Fines have been established for damage caused to hunting fauna by poaching activities.
Hunting is the easiest way to use wild fauna. So that it does not exceed the natural increase in livestock and does not have an exhausting character, the production of animals is regulated.
The next step in the rational use of wild animal resources is to provide them with shelter, shelters, and food for protection and reproduction during a difficult period of the year.
The most intensive form of use of wild fauna is domestication, When the life of an animal is fully associated with human economic activity.
The possibilities for domesticating animals are far from being exhausted. There are not many domesticated species. Now work continues on the domestication of elk, deer, some antelopes, musk ox, ostriches, partridges, quails, bustards. In addition, wild animals are used in breeding work with livestock (sheep, goats). In particular, chain breeds of sheep have been bred.
Many hunting animals (for example, sable, mouflon, spotted deer, European fallow deer, maned ram, capercaillie, etc.), as well as endangered animals, are bred in nurseries and reserves, that is, in captivity. In this way, bison, bison, David's deer, Przhevalsky's horse (the last two species are no longer found in natural conditions), white oryx, and Hawaiian goose were saved.
For the protection and rational use of resources aquatic animals They establish fish protection zones, limit the fishing of especially valuable species, fight against poaching, prohibit predatory fishing gear, and introduce fish. Thus, grass carp, silver carp, and Ladoga whitefish have been successfully introduced in Ukraine. Natural self-renewal of fish stocks cannot satisfy fishing needs. Therefore, in many regions of the country, fish farms have been organized, artificial spawning grounds of various types have been created, and industrial fish (carp, etc.) are kept in cages in the thermal waters of thermal power plants and enterprises. Methods of artificial breeding of trout, sturgeons, pike perch, mullet, eel, salmon, catfish, perch, shrimps, oysters are being developed. According to forecasts, by the year 2000, aquaculture production will be comparable in scale to fisheries. In general, this is a very important way to preserve the diversity of aquatic fauna, the importance of which will increase.
On reservoirs with a low dam, fish passes are built, which are a system of pools or trays in the form of a ladder, which the fish overcome by swimming upstream. Fish elevators are being built at large state district power plants. They consist of two trays - lower and upper, interconnected by a vertical shaft.
The most effective measures are carried out in a complex way - not only on the reservoir, but also on the entire catchment area.
Commercial fishing is carried out in amounts not exceeding the annual increase. Measures to increase growth, protection of spawning grounds, wintering pits, rescue of juveniles from drying up reservoirs, fight against winter kills, creation of shelters and shelters. To enhance the growth of zoo. and phytoplankton, which serves as food for fish, fertilize reservoirs with minerals. This work is technically difficult.
fertilizers can cause intensive growth of plants that worsen the conditions for the existence of fish.
On fishing lakes and ponds, they plan to keep waterfowl that destroy vegetation, while bird droppings serve as fertilizer.
Once the need for fish was met by simple fishing. In modern conditions, more efficient and intensive forms of use of fish resources are needed: the creation of managed pond and lake fisheries, breeding and commercial rearing farms, biological reclamation of water bodies, acclimatization of highly productive fish species, breeding of new breeds, expansion of industrial methods of fish farming using thermal waters of power plants (creation of warm-water fish farms). The main objects of intensive fish farming are: salmon, trout, white fish, sturgeon, carp, perch fish.
It is forbidden to dump untreated effluents from enterprises, various wastes - wood chips, bark, sawdust, etc. into fishery reservoirs. In spawning grounds, gravel and sand cannot be mined, soil selected during deepening or cleaning the bottom should not be dumped, reeds should be harvested without permission, and timber should be rafted. During the spawning period, private boats are prohibited here.
It is forbidden to catch sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sterlet, shemai, fish, carp, Danube salmon, trout, grayling without permission.
Commercial fishing is carried out with nets, therefore the legislation establishes the minimum size of net cells. This is the most important measure for the protection of commercial fish.
When catching fish of small sizes, juveniles of larger fish can get into the net. This is called "bycatch" and is also limited.
In the recreational fishing zone, the use of fixed nets is prohibited, which are detrimental not only to fish, but also to aquatic fur-bearing animals - desmans, muskrats, and beavers. It is forbidden to block the channels of rivers and streams with nets, use prisons, gaffs, rescue, into which a lot of juveniles fall, use firearms, electric current, explosives, poisons.
Fishing for mollusks that grow rather slowly is regulated. Minimum catch sizes, catch limits during the breeding season, etc. are established. In the areas of the Black and White Seas, as well as on Far East create farms specializing in the cultivation of mussels, oysters, scallops, sea cucumbers and kelp algae.
Fishing regulations completely prohibit catching fish and crayfish during the breeding season (from April 1 to June 30). The use of motor and other boats is prohibited for everyone, except for employees of the fish protection service and rescue stations (on medium and small rivers).
During the year it is forbidden to fish in the 500-meter zone of dams, locks, bridges, pumping stations. During the spawning period, amateurs can only fish from the shore with a fishing rod with one hook and a spinning rod with a lure in the places designated by the fish inspection. The fishing rules provide for the following restrictions on the size of the catch: no more than 5 kg of fish per angler per day (except when the weight of the caught fish exceeds 5 kg). At the same time, the sizes of fish should not be lower: pike perch - 42 cm, bream - 32, carp - 35, pike - 35, catfish - 70, burbot - 20, barbel - 33, crucian carp - 15 cm. Smaller fish should be carefully removed from hook and release back into the water.
In the system of the Ministry of Fisheries there is a service Fisheries. Its bodies supervise compliance by enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as officials and citizens with the existing norms for the conservation and reproduction of fish stocks, regulation of fisheries. Since the state of fish stocks is closely related to the state of water bodies, fisheries protection authorities supervise water bodies, preventing their pollution.
Violators of fishing rules can be brought to administrative or criminal liability. In addition, they are obliged to compensate for the damage caused, the amount of which depends on the type of fish, regardless of its mass and size.
The damage caused is also reimbursed by enterprises that have allowed pollution of the reservoir due to the descent Wastewater or other waste. Damage is defined as the sum of losses from a decrease in fish stocks in a polluted reservoir and a decrease in its quality.
In the northern part of the Pacific Ocean lives a valuable fur animal - Kitty. Its immoderate fishing led to a sharp decrease in the number as early as the beginning of the 20th century. The measures taken by the USSR (the main rookeries are located on your territory) made it possible to preserve and increase the number of livestock, to begin strictly regulated production, and to restore the importance of the seal as a game animal. In the USSR and the USA, tens of thousands of fur seals are currently mined a year.
State and interstate measures are being taken to carefully protect other valuable marine animals - walruses, seals, kalams (sea otters). The extraction of sea animals by private individuals in the USSR is prohibited.
Since 1964, the international Convention on the regulation of whaling. In accordance with this convention, the dates for the beginning and end of fishing for various species and for different areas are established, the minimum size of the animals caught is determined, and zones prohibited for fishing are allocated. Since 1972, international whaling has been introduced.
In 1980, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted Law on the protection and use of wildlife. Its action extends to the regulation of the protection and use of only wild Animals living in a state of natural freedom on land, in water, in the atmosphere and in soil*. All of them, inhabiting permanently or temporarily the territory of the USSR, belong to natural wealth states, are its property, i.e., the property of the whole people. in accordance with this, the Law determines the basic requirements for the protection and use of wildlife. Thus, it is envisaged that when planning and carrying out activities that may affect the state of the animal world, the preservation of the species diversity of animals, the protection of the habitat and the integrity of their natural communities should be ensured.
The law gives the following classification of the types of use of the animal world - hunting, fishing - the use of the animal world for scientific, cultural, educational, and aesthetic purposes.
At the same time, it is indicated that state cooperative and other public enterprises institutions and organizations that are granted hunting grounds or fishing grounds of fishery reservoirs for use are obliged to carry out comprehensive measures for the protection and reproduction. In wild animals.
Any activity that affects the state of the animal world must be carried out in compliance with the requirements that ensure its protection. In this regard, during the construction of settlements, enterprises and structures, the improvement of technological processes, the implementation of forest uses and the organization of places for mass recreation of the population, measures must be taken to preserve the habitat, breeding conditions and migration routes of animals.
Special measures are provided for the protection of rare endangered species of ANIMALS. A number of rules for the protection of animals have been introduced when using plant protection products, growth stimulants, mineral fertilizers and other preparations. Unauthorized resettlement and acclimatization of animals are prohibited.
The law determines the procedure for state registration and use of animals, as well as the rules for maintaining the state cadastre of the ANIMAL world.
On the basis of state plans for economic and social development, ministries, departments, enterprises should provide for tasks and measures for the protection and rational use of the animal world, the protection of its habitat. All activities must be coordinated with special state bodies, which then control their implementation.
Animals located in nature reserves, sanctuaries and other areas subject to special protection are subject to special care. Hunting, fishing, other types of use of the animal world and any other activity that harms the nature reserve and its goals is prohibited here. Even more stringent measures have been established to protect rare and endangered animal species. In some places, for example, even approaching the habitat of such animals, photographing them, flying aircraft, etc. may be prohibited.
The law establishes and specifies the procedure for zoological collecting. Creation and replenishment of collections of wild animals (both live and in the form of stuffed animals) is allowed only with the permission of specially authorized state bodies. Replenishment, as well as the creation of collections by individual citizens is prohibited. The exception is collections collected at the expense of trophies from hunting, fishing and other permitted uses of the animal world.
Those collections that are of value to science and practice should be registered with the state. Their owners are obliged to comply with the rules of storage, accounting and use of collections.
The Law assigns a large role to the public in the protection of wildlife. The protection of nature and all its riches, the promotion of their increase is the constitutional duty of every citizen
State control over the protection and use of wildlife is entrusted to the Soviets of People's Deputies, their executive committees, as well as state bodies.
Violators of the legislation on the protection and use of the animal world, depending on the severity of the misconduct, the degree of guilt and the harm caused, are subject to criminal, administrative, disciplinary and property liability, measures of public influence may be applied to violators.
Thanks to purposeful work on the territory of the USSR in last years the number of bison, elk, roe deer, saiga, wild pig, sable, beaver, swan, black grouse, and a number of other animals has increased. Now up to 40,000 valuable game animals are caught annually for resettlement, and in all during the years of Soviet power, hundreds of thousands of animals belonging to 45 species have been settled. Muskrat, raccoon dog, spotted deer, fallow deer, herbivorous Far Eastern fish - grass carp and silver carp Black Sea mullet (in the Caspian Sea) are acclimatized. Baltic herring (in the Aral Sea), American mosquitofish (in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia), are intensively devoured larvae Komarov.
Gubarenko S.A.
Abstract of the lesson "Protection of flora and fauna of Crimea"
NATIVE NATURE
Topic:« Protection of flora and fauna of Crimea »
Target: clarify children's ideas about the protection of flora and fauna . Deepen children's knowledge of what is "reserve", "reserve", "Red Book", their importance for the conservation of rare plant and animal species .
To consolidate knowledge about the plants and animals of the Crimea (3-4 representatives listed in the Red Book, as well as the names of the largest reserves (reserves) of the peninsula.
Develop memory, thinking, coherent speech, attention.
To cultivate love for nature and interest in the preservation of rare species of flora and fauna, respect for their representatives.
Material: map of Crimea, illustrations of animals and plants .
Dictionary: endangered, flora, fauna, "Swan Islands".
Lesson progress:
1. Introductory talk
caregiver:
Today I want to start our lesson by reading a poem. Listen carefully.
This land is wonderful, where the blue of heaven is,
blue sea and green Forest,
Brook ringing and cheerful thunder,
This is the smell of bread, this is the father's house
Motherland is our native side,
You are the best country on the planet.
caregiver:
What is this poem about? What is the name of the country we live in?
Russia is a big country. And what is the name of our little homeland, our motherland?
caregiver:
What is the name of our hometown?
caregiver:
Our small town
Yards with flowers.
Smells like the sea native land
Sultry winds.
caregiver:
The most native place the globe for each of us it is Crimea. Our parents and friends live here, you yourself were born here. Crimea is amazing and fabulous. With a word « Crimea » people associate the hot sun, the warm sea, the inviting mountains, the bright sunny colors of the magnificent Crimean nature. Since ancient times, the Crimean peninsula has attracted people with a mild climate, a wonderful combination of steppes, valleys, sea, mountains, rich flora and fauna. People from all over the world want to visit here. The Crimean land is small, but it welcomes guests with pleasure, because its owners are hospitable people.
What is another name for us - those who live in Crimea?
caregiver:
Yes, we are Crimeans and Crimea is our home. Many poets and writers admired the beauty of Crimea, wrote poems and stories about Crimea.
Crimea is our Motherland, remember this!
Do not spare your soul for her sake,
Let over green island this
Peaceful, kind sun rises!
Beautiful world at any time of the year
Caresses the sun's gaze or bad weather
On the rocks the waves are beating, the ferocious sea is far
Snowdrops bloom, almonds on the slopes of the mountains
Gorgeous forest, beautiful mountains
Garden flowers, endless expanses ...
caregiver:
Let's take a look at the map of Crimea. Why is Crimea called a peninsula?
caregiver:
What seas is Crimea washed by?
caregiver:
Show on the map.
caregiver:
What can you say about the Black Sea?
caregiver:
What can you say about the Sea of Azov?
caregiver:
What was the name of the Crimean peninsula before?
Children's answers:
-( Taurida, Taurica)
caregiver:
What else is there on our beautiful peninsula?
Children's answers:
Forests, rocks, rivers, lakes, caves, mountains, animals , plants, etc.
caregiver:
Guys, there are a lot on our peninsula different plants and animals. Let's remember what plants grow in our area? What animals live on our peninsula? Birds? Insects? Who lives in the Black Sea?
caregiver:
Well done! You know many representatives of flora and fauna. And now let's turn into white swans and fly like them for a minute!
2. Fizminutka "Swans"
The swans are flying
Wings are flapping (smooth hand movements with a large amplitude)
Bent over the water
shake their heads, (leaning forward, bending over)
Straight and proud they know how to hold on,
Quietly sit on the water (squats)
3. Continue the conversation
caregiver:
Among those animals and plants that you named, there are those of which there are very few left. They are called rare. Why do you think they have become rare?
caregiver:
Rare animals and plants in our country, and in other countries too, are protected by law . But unkind people often break this law. Man is often very cruel to plants and animals. Very often people do not spare them, destroy them for their own purposes. Some creatures suffer because of beautiful fur, others because of delicious meat, and still others because people are afraid of them. Gradually, plants and animals remain less and less.
Look at these pictures.
This is a monk seal, and this is an ordinary long-winged seal. These drawings are drawn by the artist. But no one will ever be able to photograph these animals, because people destroyed them all, they disappeared forever and will never appear again.
People thought: how to stop this disgrace, to prevent the disappearance of a single living being.
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
And so the scientists decided to publish the Red Book. But why red and not some other color? Because red is the color of danger! Attention! Stop, look around, think man! Think about nature! Are we taking advantage of nature's bounty too freely? We just take and take.
This is what the Red Book of Crimea looks like . And there is also the Red Book of Russia. And other Red Books.
Do you think the beauty of nature depends on a person? Does man always help nature?
caregiver:
But we are firmly, firmly connected with plants and animals. Let's destroy the birds - insects will eat all the greenery - people will not be able to eat fruits and vegetables. This is what always happens in nature: one disappeared - another fell ill - a third died.
Take a look at these pictures. They depict animals, birds, insects that need protection. There are few of them left in Crimea. Who do you recognize in these pictures?
4. Didactic game "Birds-fish-animals"
caregiver:
I suggest you play the game. You need to put all these pictures in different boxes. Put pictures of insects in a box with a picture of a bug. In a woodpecker box? Birds. In a bunny box? Animals. In a dolphin box? Sea inhabitants.
5. Continuing the conversation
caregiver:
Plants also need our protection.
Many of these plants are familiar to you. Which?
caregiver:
And yet there are few of them left.
In the old days, people wisely used the gifts of nature. They never killed females and cubs, released fish juveniles and fish with eggs from the nets, cut down only old and diseased trees.
Unfortunately, nowadays people have forgotten about these good traditions of their ancestors.
But the wonderful thing is that a person knows how to correct his mistakes. In addition to the Red Book, people came up with nature reserves. What is a reserve? The reserve is a place where nature has the right to live according to its own laws. And a person does not interfere with them, occasionally comes to this place as a guest. Everything is protected in the reserve: herbs, mushrooms, birds, fish and all living things. Which of you has been to the village of Koktebel?
caregiver:
Near it there is a reserve. It is located on the extinct volcano Kara-Dag. Look at the map of Crimea. Here is the Karadag nature reserve.
caregiver:
And who knows what other nature reserves there are in Crimea?
caregiver:
On the territory of Crimea today there are five reserves.
Kazantip nature reserve - state reserve. Located on the northwestern coast of the Kerch Peninsula at Cape Kazantip.
Crimean nature reserve - state reserve, largest nature reserve Crimea. Area 44,175 ha. The reserve includes 5 forestries and the Razdolninsky ornithological branch "Lebyazhy Islands", as well as the Karkinitsky ornithological reserve of wetlands of national importance with a water area of 24,646 hectares.
The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains.
Cape Martyan is a natural reserve on the southern coast of Crimea, the smallest reserve - its area is 240 hectares (120 hectares of land, 120 of the adjacent Black Sea).
Opuk Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in the south of the Kerch Peninsula. Area 1,592.3 ha.
Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve - state reserve, area 14,523 ha. The nature reserve includes 4 forestries (Oleznevoe, Gurzufskoye, Livadiyskoye, Alupkinskoye) and 4 observation points. On the territory of the reserve there are such sights as the peak (teeth) Ai-Petri Mountains (1234 m, Three-Eyed Cave, Wuchang-Su Waterfall and Devil's Staircase Pass.
The reserve stretches along the Black Sea coast in a strip from southwest to northeast from Foros to Gurzuf for 40 km, the maximum width of the reserve from north to south is 23 km. The territory of the reserve also includes most of coasts of the Black Sea.
caregiver:
What do you think, is it only necessary to protect nature in nature reserves?
caregiver:
That's right, you need to protect nature in any place. Let's remember the rules of nature conservation.
1. In nature, remember what you see.
2. Walk along the paths.
3. Do not break tree branches.
4. Do not trample on flowers, herbs.
5. Do not shout, do not turn on loud music.
6. Do not climb into bird nests.
7. Do not catch insects.
8. Do not destroy mycelium.
9. Do not catch fry and frogs.
10. Do not tear cobwebs.
11. Do not leave unextinguished fires.
12. Do not ruin anthills.
How can we help rare plants and animals?
caregiver:
Let us ourselves never offend them ourselves and let them not be offended by others. We will tell everyone we know about defenseless plants and flowers.
Guys, if you want, we will make our own Red Book, which will be in our kindergarten. Every time we learn about rare plants or animals, we will add pictures and captions to it. Then everyone, both we and adults, will remember them and will not give offense.
And then our Earth will be a kind and beautiful home for all people, for all animals, for all plants.
Now let's stretch our fingers, and then pick up pencils and decorate rare animals and rare plants of Crimea !
6. Finger gymnastics
Spider (Arms crossed. The fingers of each hand "run" along
forearm, and then on the shoulder of the other hand.)
The spider walked on a branch,
And the kids followed him. (Brushes are freely lowered, perform
shaking motion - rain.)
Rain from the sky suddenly poured, (Slap hands on table/knees.)
Washed the spiders to the ground. (palms side by side pressed against each other)
to a friend, fingers spread out, shaking hands - the sun is shining.)
The sun began to warm, (We make the same movements as in the very
beginning.)
The spider crawls again ("Spiders" crawl on the head.)
And all the children crawl after him,
To walk on a branch.
7. Independent activity of children
Children color pictures of rare animals and plants of the Crimea.
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