Probably all of us know that the Germans burr when they pronounce the letter "R", but here's how to repeat it? And is it always necessary to burr? Let's figure it out!
And now let's see a video where in German it is explained in great detail what types of R are and how to pronounce them (with examples):
If a not very formal explanation is closer to you, then here is another video (this time in English):
It is worth noting that there are fundamentally 2 variants of the pronunciation of the letter R in German:
- burry R;
- vocalized R (read as a short "A").
In the first case (what we called "burry R") there is another division into 3 subtypes:
1) Fricative r (rear lingual fricative voiced sound) (Reiber-r)
With its articulation, the position of the lips and the distance between the teeth are directed to the pronunciation of the next sound. The posterior uvula rises to the soft palate and forms a gap in which the flow of air passing through it produces a faint rubbing sound.
2) Posterior lingual r (uvular sonorant vibrant) (Zäpfchen-r)
With its articulation, the position of the lips and the distance between the teeth are directed to the pronunciation of the next sound. The tongue rises in the back of the oral cavity towards the velum of the palate and forms a depression in the anterior part. The airflow vibrates the (posterior) tongue against the raised back of the tongue. The palatine curtain is up. The vocal cords produce sound.
3) Anterior lingual r (anterior lingual sonorant vibrant) (Zungenspitzen-r)
With its articulation, the position of the lips and the distance between the teeth are directed to the pronunciation of the next sound. The tip of the tongue strikes against the incisors or the area of the alveoli adjacent to the upper incisors, in such a way that an intermittent occlusion occurs. The palatine curtain is up. The vocal cords produce sound. This sound, in its method of formation, resembles the Russian sound “r”, however, the German r is pronounced with a smaller number of tongue strokes near the upper teeth and their alveoli (only about one and a half strokes) and therefore sounds less rolling than the Russian “r”.
Note.
In the modern German literary language, all three variants of the pronunciation of r are equal. But you should know that the posterior lingual fricative r (Reiber-r) has the greatest distribution. In second place is the posterior lingual uvular r (Zäpfchen-r). The anterior lingual sonorant vibrant r (Zungenspitzen-r) has the smallest distribution and has a shade of dialectally colored speech.
4) Vocalized R
With its articulation, the position of the lips and the distance between the teeth are directed to the pronunciation of the next sound. The tip of the front tongue is in contact with the lower incisors. The middle part of the tongue rises slightly towards the hard palate. The palatine curtain is up. And thus an indefinite vowel sound [ɐ] is formed. After the monophthong er, the vocalization of r is fully realized, and for this reason it is not indicated by a sign at the top, but is written like all ordinary signs on a line, that is, [ɐ].
All of these variants of the r sound are pronounced differently in different positions in the word. They can be pronounced clearly, be slightly marked or fully vocalized, that is, turn into a vowel sound.
The consonant r is clearly pronounced in the following positions:
1) at the beginning of a stressed or unstressed syllable, for example: Rand "edge", raten ["rα: tən] "advise", original "genuine", Pirat "pirate".
2) after stops and fricatives before stressed vowels, for example: Kran "crane", Gram "sorrow, sadness, longing", fragen ["frα:gən] "ask", Drittel ["drıtəl] "third, third part", Brief "letter".
3) after short stressed vowels, for example: stark [ʃtark] "strong", Birke ["bırkə] "birch", Zirkel ["t‿sırkəl] "compass; circle", wirken ["vırkən] "act", Narr "fool".
The consonant r during its articulation is only slightly indicated, that is, it is vocalized, turning into the sound [ɐ] in the following positions:
1) after long vowels (with the exception of the long vowel a) in stressed and unstressed syllables that are final, for example:
Faktor ["fakto: ɐ] "factor, circumstance", Matador "matador", wir "we", Klavier "piano; piano; pianoforte", Natur "nature".
However
klar "clear", Haar "hair(s)", Bart "beard; mustache”, Arzt [α:rtst] “doctor”, Quark “cottage cheese”, Quarz “quartz”, Harz “resin; Harz (mountains)»
2) in unstressed prefixes: er-, her-, ver-, zer-, for example:
erfahren [ɐ "fα: rən] "recognize; experience", erinnern [ɐ "ınɐn] "remind", verbringen "spend (time)", verbieten "prohibit", zerstampfen "trample", zerkratzen "scratch", hervor "out , forward".
3) in the final unstressed - er, and also when consonants follow it, for example:
Vater ["fatɐ] "father", immer ["ımɐ] "always", besser ["bεsɐ] "best", wieder ["vi: dɐ] "again, again", anders ["andɐs] "other, different" , Kindern ["kındɐn] "to children", zergliedern "to dismember".
Tasks
Read the following words aloud a few times to complete fluency. Determine for yourself how long the vowels in these words are.
1) clear articulation -r at the beginning of a word
raten advise
Rabe raven
rasch fast
Rand edge
Ratte rat
Rind cattle
rinnen to flow
Riemen belt, belt
Riese giant
Riff underwater rock
Rinde bark
Riegel gate valve
2) clear articulation -r in the middle of a word
brief letter
brav brave
Draht wire
Drittel third part
Frieden world
Bahre stretcher
Krieg war
graben to dig
Brill glasses
spritzen splash
Strabe street
Frage question
3) clear pronunciation -r after short stressed vowels
Darm intestines
Dirne girl, girl
stark strong
wirken act
warten wait
Wirt host
Narr fool
Stirn forehead
Kirsche cherry
schwarz black
irren wrong
wirren tangle
4) clear pronunciation -r after a long [a:] →
klar clear, light
hair(s)
bart beard; mustache
Arzt doctor
Quark curd
Quartz quartz
Harz resin; Harz (mountains)
starling starling
Schar crowd, heap
gar completely
wahr true
bar nude
5) vocalized -r [ɐ]
vier four
wir we
ihr you
dir you
bier beer
Tier animal
Maler artist
immer always
verbieten forbid
zerfallen disintegrate
vertiefen deepen
vertilgen exterminate
hervor out, forward
Erzieher caregiver
er rasiert sich he shaves
wander
erinnern to remember
klimpern strum
Pfarrer priest
zerknirschen crush
verschlafen sleepy
zerkratzen scratch
verschwinden disappear
versklaven enslave
Quelle der Zitate: https://www.youtube.com/
http://www.de-online.ru/
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The rules for reading in English are extensive and complex, as there is a huge discrepancy between letters and sounds: there are 26 letters and 44 sounds, so different letters in different positions produce different sounds, which in English are transmitted by conventions called transcription marks. In this post, to facilitate the assimilation of the rules of reading, we designate them partially in Russian letters.
4 main types of vowel reading
First, let's learn the 4 main types of reading vowels E, A, Y, U, O, I in stressed syllables in English
Google shortcode
I reading type - open syllable ( A syllable ending in a vowel is considered open, even if it is not pronounced)
Pay attention to the first line of the table. The words same, note, he, fine, my, cube, like all words of this category, end in a silent vowel, and the reading of vowels in the root of the word coincides with the name of the letters according to the alphabet. Thus, words with dumb vowels at the end, i.e. words of type 1 reading same, note, he, fine, my, cube, will sound like “seim, laptop, hee, fine, may, cube”
Let's fix the reading of vowels in the stressed syllable with the following exercise:
Note, lone, mice, rice, type, tune, shy, lay, say, he, hay, name, same, nine, nice, game, came, make, Kate, Pete, five, tie, life, eve, me, size, no, cope, smoke, rose, nose, spine, sly, cry, vine, maze, home, tube, made, fume, cube, pace, lace, sky, hale, spine.
II reading type - closed syllable (a syllable ending in a consonant is considered closed). This is the second row in the table. Pay attention to the words rat, hot, red, bit, myth, run, at the end of which there is no mute vowel. These words sound like "rat, hot, red, beat, miss, run."
Cap, pen, bed, ten, not, spot, lot, bad, rat, sit, send, test, pit, in, send, spell, tin, less, ban, mad, fat, Sam, land, did, fit, sat, pet, tin, slip, sad, glad, bag, jam, gap, lag, can, kin, Jim, Jack, yes, ink, cup, run, cod, spin, not, doll, hop, hot, bank, rank, spin, up, us, bus, bun, cut, fun, vet, well, but, nut.
III type of reading - vowel + letter “r” , which affects the sound of the vowel at the root of the word, giving it some length. So the words car, sort, term, fir, Byrd, fur sound like “ka: so: t, those: m, fe: be: d, fe:”.
stern , Far, curt, hard, hart, car, card, cart, fork, cork, work, sort, term, first, Byrd, furs, curl, her, curb, turn, girl, sir, burn, turn, word, born, torn, bird, form, serf, herb.
IVreading type - vowel + letter “r” + vowel. The letter "r" in this case is also not readable; all three vowels together sound like this: care, store, mere, tire, cure - “kea, one hundred:, mie, taie, kyue”.
Fare, here, pure, rare, cure, during, mare, fire, bare, mire, stare, tire, sere, mere, store, core, more, care.
Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel A in English
AT video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel E in English
Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel U in English
Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel O in English
Video lesson: Rules for reading vowels I, Y
Consonants with two readings
*s m\z (interdental) - th - there is no such sound in Russian. This sound is deaf and resembles the Russian sound “s”, but when it is pronounced, the tongue is between the front upper and lower teeth, and a stream of air passes through the narrow gap created with force.
** similarly we pronounce the interdental sound "z".
Video lesson: Rules for reading English consonants
Table of reading vowels in combination with consonants
For high-quality assimilation of the sound system and the rules of reading the English language, we recommend that you repeat the above rules of reading daily and try to read monosyllabic words in the dictionary.
Video lesson: Rules for reading various letter combinations in English
Video lesson: Rules for reading English vowels in an unstressed position
See the rules for reading unpronounceable consonants
- Hint: You can use the audio function of online dictionaries to control the correct pronunciation.
We continue our lessons for learning to read in English. On the plate on the left, green arrows indicate the sounds that we have already passed. Since we have studied almost all consonants, in this lesson we will repeat 8 studied vowel sounds to consolidate their pronunciation. Of the consonant sounds, only 4 remained. Sounds [ r] and [ w] we go through in this lesson, and the sounds [j] and [ŋ] in the next. So, let's begin!
From Lesson 14 you will learn:
- how to read english consonants Rr and www;
- how to read letters wr, wh, rh, er/or,
Let's start with the pronunciation of sounds, and then move on to reading letter combinations.
So the letter www denotes a sound [w]. Letter Rr denotes a sound [r]. Both sounds are quite complex, because there are no similar sounds in Russian.
mouth exercise, which will help you learn how to pronounce the English sound [w]: pull your lips into a tube, as if you want to blow out a candle, and then sharply push the corners of your mouth to the sides, as if in a smile. And so many times: a tube - a smile, a tube - a smile, a tube - a smile ...
Pronunciation of the English sound [w]. Now that your mouth is prepared, let's start pronouncing the sound. For a moment, pull your lips into a tube, as if you want to make the sound "y", and when you start to say "y", immediately smile sharply. You get a sound, a bit like "v".
Actually the sound [w] very often the letters "u" and "v" are transmitted in Russian. Even in official sources, the name William is sometimes spelled William, sometimes William. Because there is NO such sound in Russian.
If you still do not quite understand how to pronounce the English sound [w] correctly, then pronounce it like a short "y", but in no case, like "v".
Once again, note that when you pronounce "y" your lips are rounded and do NOT touch the teeth, the same position of the lips must be observed when pronouncing the sound [w].
When pronouncing the sound "v", the upper teeth touch the lower lip. This should not be!
How to pronounce the English sound [r] correctly?
Let me tell you, this is a very complex sound. At least it was for me.
What you need to do to pronounce an English sound [r] right and How does English [r] differ from Russian "r"?
- When making a sound [r] can come from the sound [ʒ], which you already know how to pronounce. Only the tip of the tongue needs to be bent even further back ringlet.
- Tip of the tongue when making a sound [r] located in the back of the upper palate, the tongue does not shake. It looks like a burry "r" sound.
- When pronouncing the Russian sound “r”, the tongue shakes at the upper teeth: “pppp-pp-p ...”
Hear how sounds [w] and [r] are pronounced correctly —
Reading letter combinations with sound R: wr, rh, er / or
2. Letter combinations er, or at the end of the word are read as [ə] : sister, doctor, etc.
3. wr, rh reads like [r]: wr ist - wrist, rh ythm [‘rɪð(ə)m], as well as in such common words that we still cannot read: wr ite (write), wr ong (wrong)
Reading letter combinations with the sound W: wh
1. wh reads like [w]: wh at - what, as well as in such common words that we still cannot read: wh y (why), wh ite (white), wh ile (while).
Exception. wh before o reads like [h]: wh o (who), wh ose (whose)
2. At the end of a word w unreadable: slo w
Phonetic exercises for practicing sounds [w] and [r] with audio recording (closed content)
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Description: Access to a course of lessons on learning to read in English and pronunciation at the same time. Author T.V. Nabeeva
Phrases with sounds [w] and [r] for working out during the week:
- What? - What?
- When? - When?
- Very well. - Very well.
- The weather is terrible. — The weather is terrible.
- We will see. - We'll think.
- What did she see? What did she see?
- He is sorry. - He's sorry.
- We are ready. - We are ready.
- Get well! - Get better!
- Keep in touch. - We'll be in touch.
Sound [ j] resembles the Russian sound [th], but weaker than it. The back of the tongue rises to the palate less than in the Russian sound [th], so less noise is heard. The English sound [ j ] always comes before a vowel.
Consonant sound [r] a bit like the Russian sound [r], but the English sound [r] is not booming and is pronounced without vibration. To find the correct position of the tongue, pronounce the Russian sound [zh], as in the word "reap". Extend the sound [g], now pull the tip of the tongue from the alveoli a little back, without lifting it from the palate, and you will hear how the sound [g] has turned into English [r].
The sound [r] is weak, the tip of the tongue only momentarily approaches the palate behind the alveoli and immediately moves away from it.
Vowel- long, pronounced in the back of the mouth, with some tension. At the same time, the tongue is lowered and slightly pulled back. The tip of the tongue is drawn away from the lower teeth. The lower jaw is dropped. Lips are neutral, that is, not stretched or pushed forward. This is a more back sound than the Russian sound [a].
Before a voiced consonant, the sound is slightly shortened, and before a deaf one - significantly.
Consonant- nasal, only the back of the tongue touches the palate, blocking the air passage, so the air exits through the nose. The tip of the tongue is lowered and touches the lower teeth, mouth open.
To pronounce an English sound, try to close your mouth and “moo” through your nose, then, keeping the nasal character of the sound, open your mouth a little.
The sound is pronounced in the same place as the consonants [k], [g]. When you pronounce the sound, the back of the tongue is pressed against the palate, if you tear it away from the palate, you get the sound [k] or [g].
Have you ever had problems pronunciation in English? How do you usually deal with difficult sounds? As a rule, people unconsciously try to cheat and simplify their work - to pronounce a similar Russian sound. However, native speakers may not understand at all what we are trying to tell them, because for them it will be new unfamiliar words. Do you want your English to be understood not only by compatriots? Then study our review of the most common "Russian" mistakes in English pronunciation and use the tips on how to get rid of them.
How to work on mistakes in pronunciation
To begin with, we will give you some tips on how you can prevent the occurrence of errors in pronunciation. This is easier to do than learning to pronounce sounds again.
First of all, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the rules of reading. This is the foundation of the basics with which it is worth starting to learn the language. If for some reason you didn’t learn them or don’t remember well, we strongly advise you to memorize the rules for reading vowels and consonants. This will greatly facilitate your further work on the pronunciation of English sounds.
After that, study the correct position of the lips, tongue, palate, vocal cords when pronouncing each of the sounds of English. The easiest way to do this is in individual lessons with one of ours or using special training videos. For each of the errors described below, we will provide a video that teaches the pronunciation of the “problem sound”.
There are also special textbooks that will help you get rid of problems in pronunciation of English. You can take one of the following benefits:
- “English Pronunciation in Use”
- “Tree or Three? An Elementary Pronunciation Course” by Ann Baker
- “Ship or Sheep? An Intermediate Pronunciation Course” by Ann Baker
- “Elements of Pronunciation”
- “New Headway Pronunciation Course”
In them you will find detailed explanations and practical exercises for getting rid of the Russian accent.
Practice pronunciation with tongue twisters that help you work out sounds that are difficult for you. You will find many wonderful phrases for training in the article "50 most difficult tongue twisters in English". In this article, we will give one tongue twister, voiced by a native speaker, to each of the presented errors in the pronunciation of English.
If you decide to take your pronunciation seriously, we advise you to read our article "". This is a whole guide with many interesting tricks and secrets for those who want to "sound" like a native speaker.
Russian mistakes that we make in English speech most often
1. We muffle voiced consonants at the end of a word
When speaking in Russian, we muffle the voiced consonants at the end of the word, for example: we say “moroz” “moroz”, we say “grip” for mushroom, we say “burden” for a knife, etc. In English, such self-will is not allowed: if you muffle voiced consonant, you can get a completely different word. If the pronunciation is incorrect, it may happen that the adjective "bad" - bad turns into a "bat" - bat.
Decision:
As soon as you start learning English, immediately accustom yourself to pronounce words clearly and distinctly, pronouncing all consonants as required by the rules for reading the language.
Related videos:
Patter:
How many cookies could a good cook cook if a good cook could cook cookies? A good cook could cook as many cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.
2. We pronounce the sounds /w/ and /v/ like Russian /v/
Again, the inconsistency with the Russian language is to blame: we have only one version of the pronunciation of the letter “v”. However, it does not correspond to any of the sounds of the English language. So it turns out that we say vet (veterinarian) instead of wet (wet).
Decision:
Learn the correct position of the organs of articulation. You should develop a conditioned reflex: when pronouncing the sound /w/, you need to stretch your lips with a tube, with the sound /v/, you need to bite your lower lip a little with your teeth.
Related videos:
Patter:
The very wary warrior veered violently where the violets wound very wickedly.
3. We pronounce the sound / r / like Russian / r /
We often forget about the correct position of the organs of speech when pronouncing this sound, so it turns out to be fuzzy and it becomes difficult for a foreigner to understand us. In addition, we often pronounce this sound when it is not necessary to pronounce it at all: at the position of the letter r at the end of a word. And it turns out that we, for example, “croak” when pronouncing the word car (car).
Decision:
Go back to reading rules in English and learn by heart when the letter r is pronounced and when it is not. And also learn how to correctly position the organs of speech during the pronunciation of the letter r: the tip of the tongue is slightly bent back and reaches for the alveoli (the tubercles of y between the front upper teeth and the middle part of the palate), but does not touch them. English /r/, unlike Russian, is pronounced without air vibration. You can find two variants of /r/ pronunciation at the end of a word: it can be pronounced, or it can be omitted, the main thing is that English /r/ is different from Russian.
Related videos:
Patter:
Ray ran across a rough road with his red rocks, wretched ratchet wrench, and rare rubber roller.
4. We pronounce the sounds /θ/ and /ð/ like Russian /f/ and /з/
We think everyone will agree that the words “zeriz” (there is), “zera” (there are), “fries” (three) and “fenkyu-senkyu” (thank you) have already become the talk of the town. It seems to us that we pronounce similar Russian sounds and there is nothing wrong with that. However, native speakers do not understand us, because the words we speak lose their meaning due to the replacement of sound.
Decision:
If you train yourself to hold your tongue in the correct position when making these sounds, it will make your task much easier. When pronouncing the sounds /θ/ and /ð/, the tongue is between the teeth. When pronouncing the /θ/ sound, linguists recommend placing the tongue between the teeth and pronouncing the Russian letter “t”, and for the /ð/ sound, pronounce the Russian “d”, while you should feel a slight vibration of the air in your throat. Don't worry if it's difficult at first. Speak slowly, but try to pronounce each word clearly.
Related videos:
Patter:
The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.
5. Pronounce nasal /ŋ/ like Russian /n/
Usually, at the end of words ending in -ing, people either pronounce the ending "ing" or "in", while forgetting that the sound in this case should be nasal - /ŋ/, and the letter g should be omitted.
Decision:
To make it easier to pronounce the sound, train yourself not to raise the tip of the tongue to the upper teeth, but to leave it at the bottom, the back of the tongue should be raised to the sky. Thus, you will get the same nasal /ŋ/.
Related videos:
Patter:
The King's ring rung wrong.
6. We pronounce the sound / h / like Russian / x /
In Russian, the sound /x/ is clear and well distinguished, English /h/ is rather a light exhalation, it should not actually be heard. We pronounce it in the Russian manner - clearly and distinctly, and this is one of the most common Russian mistakes in the pronunciation of the English language.
Decision:
Remember the correct position of the organs of articulation: the tongue does not rise anywhere, it remains in place, as during silence, the lips are slightly parted. Sound is produced mainly by the vocal cords, but the latter should not vibrate. The sound /h/ in English is a light exhalation, a weak sound.
Related videos:
Patter:
Harry Hunt hunts heavy hairy hares. Does Harry Hunt hunt heavy hairy hares? If Harry Hunt hunts heavy hairy hares, Where are the heavy hairy hares Harry Hunt hunts?
7. We pronounce the sound /l/ like Russian /l/
It would seem that the sound /l/ in English is not at all different from our /l/. Alas, only Russian speakers think so. The English, on the other hand, hear this Russian mistake in the pronunciation of sounds well.
The fact is that in English there are two types of sound /l/: light - light or soft /l/, and also dark - dark or hard /l/. Everything is aggravated by the fact that in the dictionary there are no designations in which words /l/ must be pronounced firmly, and in which softly.
Decision:
There is a simple rule: we use a soft sound /l/ before vowels. However, there is a snag here: it should be a little harder than the Russian sound /l/ in the words “salt”, “love”. To get this sound, try lifting the middle part of your tongue towards the roof of your mouth.
In all other cases, we need a solid /l/. And again a challenge to our organs of speech: the sound, although hard, should be a little softer than the Russian /l/ in the words “spoon”, “best”. It sounds complicated, but constant practice and listening to native speakers will help you “feel” the difference in the pronunciation of these sounds.
Related videos:
Patter:
Lovely little Link left limping.
8. We pronounce the sounds /p/, /t/ like Russian /p/, /t/
These are two more "cunning" sounds that seem to us so similar to Russian /p/ and /t/. In fact, they are somewhat different - more noisy, explosive. Mistakes in the pronunciation of these sounds will not cause misunderstanding of the interlocutor, but for those who want to speak like a native speaker, we advise you to work on these sounds, especially since they are pronounced quite simply.
Decision:
The English sounds /p/ and /t/, as we have already said, are aspirated, but at the same time quite energetically. You exhale as if you want to blow out a candle. At the same time, when pronouncing the sound /t/, the tongue should be on the alveoli (tubercles near the front upper teeth).
Related videos:
Tongue Twisters:
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked;
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Two tried and true tridents.
9. We pronounce short and long vowels the same way
In Russian there is no such thing as the length of a vowel sound: they are all pronounced the same in any word. Therefore, when we speak English, it is difficult for us to accustom ourselves to pronounce these same sounds in different ways. However, you must pay attention to them, otherwise the sheep (sheep /ʃiːp/) will turn into a ship (ship /ʃɪp/), which will confuse the English-speaking interlocutor.
Related videos:
*Look out for videos in the playlist that have the words Short vowels and Long vowels in their titles.
Patter:
She sells sea shells on the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells I am sure.
10. We pronounce the sounds /ɔː/ and /ɜː/ the same way
This is one of the most popular Russian mistakes in English pronunciation. There are no analogues of such sounds in our native language, so quite often work (work /wɜː(r)k/) turns into a walk (walk /wɔːk/), which, you see, may not please your English-speaking interlocutor, especially if he is your boss.
Decision:
Repeat the rules of reading English, and always listen to new words in an online dictionary or check transcription in a regular dictionary. While studying the word, repeat it several times, try to feel the difference in difficult sounds.
Patter:
First, nerds burn worst.
11. We pronounce the sound /i/ like Russian /and/
Even upper-intermediate English learners get this seemingly simple sound wrong. They pronounce English /i/ like Russian /i/, making it too soft. Therefore, words such as sick, trick, hit for native speakers sound strange, unnatural. Of course, they will understand your words, but do you want to sound beautiful?
Decision:
English /i/ is a cross between the Russian sounds /i/ and /ы/. To make it easier for you to pronounce it, try stretching your lips slightly in a smile and pronouncing the sound /and/ a little harder than usual.
Related videos:
Patter:
Little pills will make Jill ill.
12. We pronounce the sound /ɔ/ as /ʌ/, and /əʊ/ as /ɔ/
The English letter "o" often causes difficulties for us. Firstly, in Russian we are used to pronouncing the unstressed letter “o” as the sound /a/, for example: we pronounce the shoe “batinok”, the king we pronounce “karol”, the crow we pronounce “varona”. In English, such liberties are not allowed. English speakers simply won't understand the words "tea-pot", "photograph", etc.
Secondly, we often forget that the letter "o" in some cases forms a diphthong (a vowel sound consisting of two components) /əʊ/. Therefore, native speakers are surprised at the “new” words from our lips: “open” (open), “hom” (home), “bridge” (most).
Decision:
Train yourself to clearly pronounce the /o/ sound. This can be done only with the help of constant training: read texts aloud, speak English and control your speech.
Repeat the reading rules, they describe in detail in which cases the letter “o” forms certain sounds. In most words, in an open syllable, "o" forms a diphthong /əʊ/, although there are exceptions.
Related videos:
Patter:
Hope for soap on a rope.
13. Pronounce unpronounceable letters
We are used to the fact that in Russian all letters are pronounced (except for soft and hard signs and unpronounceable consonants) that are in the letter. In English, this rule does not work: not all letters need to be pronounced. Otherwise, the knight knight (/naɪt/) will turn into the word “knight” or “knight” incomprehensible to the carrier.
Decision:
Be sure to study the rules for reading English in the article “Silent letters. Unpronounceable letters in the English language. After that, make up a short story using words with unpronounceable letters - you can take the words from the above article. Above the text, make notes: which word is read in what way. Gradually, you will memorize the rules for pronunciation of these words and you will speak correctly automatically.
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As you can see, there are enough problems in the pronunciation of the English language, but it is also possible to get rid of them if you constantly practice sounds. Apply the tips suggested in our articles, and everything will work out.
Of course, it is quite difficult to understand how to pronounce certain complex sounds from a video or article. Do you want to get rid of the Russian accent in English with the help of an experienced mentor? We invite you to enroll in our online school at. The teacher (native speaker or Russian speaker) will tell you in detail and show you how to work on certain sounds. Getting rid of English pronunciation problems is easier than it seems.
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