English phrasal verbs with translation and examples. Phrasal verbs in English

Definition

What phrasal verb? It could be a combination:

  • Verb + preposition.
  • Verb + adverb.
  • Verb + adverb + preposition.

A phrasal verb is an integral semantic unit, which is one member of a sentence. Most often, the meaning of the phrasal verb differs significantly from the translation of the main verb.

Why is it so important to study these semantic units? Phrasal verbs are constantly used in colloquial speech, so without them it will be difficult for you to understand the interlocutor or to catch the meaning of what you read in the book. In addition, in any international test you will definitely meet phrasal verbs.

Classification of phrasal verbs

First of all, all phrasal verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive:

1. Transitional, or transitive phrasal verbs . These verbs require a direct object:

I have turned down his proposal.
I rejected his offer.

John decided to put off his plans.
John decided to postpone his plans.

2. Intransitive, or intransitive phrasal verbs . After such verbs, a direct object is not required:

He goes on foot, because his car has broken down.
He walks because his car has broken down.

Also, phrasal verbs can be separable and inseparable:

1. Inseparable, or inseparable phrasal verbs . These are all intransitive and some transitive verbs. For a better understanding, consider an example on a phrasal verb run into:

His car ran into the tree.
His car collided with a tree.

We cannot separate the two parts of a phrasal verb with other words. That is, the option His car ran the tree into is wrong.

2. Shared, either separable phrasal verbs. In the case of such phrasal verbs, the object can be placed either after the verb or between its parts:

You should turn off the music.
You should turn the music off.
You should turn off the music.

Both of these options are correct.

Attention! If the object is expressed by a pronoun, then the phrasal verb must be separated:

Mary took off her dress.
Mary took off her dress.

Mary took it off.
Mary took it off.

Mary took it off
this option is not allowed.

From this information, a certain conclusion can be drawn: the main difficulties in studying phrasal verbs are associated not only with the amount of material, but also with the inability to classify it independently. In order to avoid mistakes in use, regular practice is needed. It is also worth remembering that many phrasal verbs have multiple meanings. For example, get off translates as to shoot, go, get out, go, escape. Therefore, you need to be extremely careful.

Is it possible to learn all phrasal verbs?

No, and it's not necessary at all. There are over 5,000 phrasal verbs in the English language today, of which only a few hundred are in constant use. In order to learn the basic semantic units, you will need to familiarize yourself with the most common phrasal verbs. This can be done using tables from the Internet or special printed publications.

The meaning of many phrasal verbs can be understood intuitively. It really is much easier than memorizing Latin. In addition, when communicating with an American or reading a book in the original, you should definitely rely on the context. Most likely, you can guess what we are talking about.

Basic phrasal verbs

Here is a short list of the most commonly used semantic units:

  • Back away - retreat.
  • Be back - return.
  • Be over - come to an end.
  • Be up - wake up.
  • Break out - flare up / break out.
  • Calm down - calm down.
  • Carry on - continue some business.
  • Check in - register.
  • Come in - enter, arrive.
  • Cut off - cut off, interrupt.
  • Dream up - invent.
  • Eat out - eat outside the home.
  • Fall down - collapse.
  • Find out - find out, find out.
  • Get away - run away.
  • Give up - retreat.
  • Hold on - hold on!
  • Look for - look for.
  • Look forward to - wait.
  • Move on - continue moving, go further.
  • Pull on - put on.
  • Run away - run away.
  • Set up - install.
  • Stand up - rise to a standing position.
  • Switch off/on - disable/enable.
  • Take off - take off (clothes), serve.
  • Wake up - wake up.
  • Watch out - be careful, alert.
  • Work up - develop.
  • Write down - write down on paper.

Study strategy

Your task is not just to memorize phrasal verbs, but to learn how to study them consciously, with understanding. To do this, you will have to devote to this lesson at least 5 days a week. If you can memorize at least 7-15 phrasal verbs every day, this can be considered a success. You should not try to learn as many semantic units as possible in one sitting: most likely, after a couple of days you will completely forget at least half of them. It is better to study little by little, but regularly.

How exactly to learn phrasal verbs? Many people try to achieve their desired goal solely with the help of special tables or dictionaries. However, you can greatly simplify your task by using various tutorials. Give preference to British and American authors.

What books to choose?

Let's look at a few benefits that can be useful when learning phrasal verbs:

1. Really learn 100 phrasal verbs (Oxford University Press). It is with this textbook that you should start learning phrasal verbs. A structured manual will allow you to slowly but surely learn the most common semantic units. Approximately 1 printed page is devoted to each of the verbs. First, you will be asked to guess the meaning of the verb based on a couple of examples, then you can check your guesses. You will find out detailed information about the meaning of the verb and will be able to practice. A special section is devoted to the development of knowledge throughout the material of the textbook. Tip: learn verbs randomly, not in order.

2. Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary. This is an advanced dictionary that includes approximately 5,000 modern English phrasal verbs. The author gives all the meanings of phrasal verbs. Dictionary entries are accompanied by the most accessible explanations. Also in the book there are many useful and fairly simple tables.

3. English Phrasal Verbs in Use. This is a great book for advanced students. The book is an excellent theoretical guide, equipped with a huge number of diverse exercises to develop the acquired knowledge. In total, the textbook offers 70 different topics. At the end of the book is a mini-dictionary of phrasal verbs.

4. Phrasal Verbs Plus (Macmillan). This is one of the new dictionaries, which describes in detail the grammatical and semantic aspects of the use of phrasal verbs. At the same time, the author constantly accompanies the explanations with examples. The book was created taking into account the modern lifestyle: verbs that are used in business, economics, the Internet, etc. are given. Funny comics illustrating common phrases make learning new verbs more positive.

Since unclaimed information is quickly forgotten, you should reconsider your life a little. First, try to find time to read books or magazines in English. This will help you not only consolidate knowledge, but also learn to understand the meaning of phrasal verbs in context. Secondly, take every opportunity to communicate with people in English. Ideally, you should sign up for English courses or study via Skype. You can also find a group of interests. The main thing is that studying is not a tedious hard labor for you: strive for diversity.

Third, be organized. Plan your own self-study in advance and stick to the schedule. Many decide to give up learning phrasal verbs when faced with the first problems. But everything is not as scary as it might seem at first glance. Don't forget about motivation!

When learning English, many people have difficulty learning phrasal verbs. The fact is that they can quickly and unexpectedly change their values ​​and there are a lot of them. Phrasal verbs are especially common in spoken English. Let's take a look at this interesting topic.

Types of phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are an almost innumerable group of verbs that, when combined with various prepositions or short adverbs, can take on a variety of new meanings. Strictly speaking, there are three kinds of phrasal verbs:

Directly phrasal verbs (phrasal verbs), formed with the help of adverbs:

  • give up- give up, quit
  • find out- find out, find out
  • take off- take off, quickly leave

Prepositional verbs:

  • go on- continue
  • look after- take care of, look after
  • come across- stumble upon, find by chance

Phrasal-prepositional verbs containing both an adverb and a preposition:

  • put up with endure, put up with something
  • come up with- invent
  • look up to- respect, lead by example

History of phrasal verbs

The origin of phrasal verbs can be traced back to the earliest Old English written sources. Adverbs and prepositions in them were used in a very literal sense and denoted mainly the direction, place or orientation of an object in space. For example:

The man walked out. - The man is out. ( direction)

The man stood by. The man was standing next to me. ( place)

The man held his hand up. The man raised his hand. ( orientation)

In addition, both adverbs and prepositions indicated the relationship of the verb and object in the sentence:

The woman stood by the house. The woman was standing near the house. ( place)

The thief climbed out the window. — The thief got out of the window. ( direction)

He hung the coat over the fire. He hung his cloak over the fire. ( orientation in space)

The number of combinations of verbs with adverbs and prepositions has accumulated over the centuries. Their meanings sometimes changed beyond recognition. To illustrate the development of meanings, consider below the nuances that the adverb "out" has acquired over several centuries.

OUT: adventures of one dialect

In the 9th century, it had only a literal meaning - "outward movement", for example, walk out (get out) and ride out (leave). Around the 14th century, the meaning of “spell out a sound” was added, for example, cry out (shout out) and call out (call, appeal). In the 15th century, the meaning of “cease to exist” appeared - die out (die out) and burn out (burn out, burn out).

By the 16th century, the meaning of "distribute equally" appeared, for example, pass out (distribute) and parcel out (send out). And by the 19th century, the meaning of “free from the contents” was added, for example, clean out (clean out) and rinse out (wash). In addition, in modern colloquial English, the verb pass out means "to pass out, to pass out."

As you may have noticed, most of the verbs in the above example are translated by a Russian verb with a prefix - in this case, these are the prefixes "vy-" and "raz-", which, like "out", have the main meaning of moving out.

We connect intuition

As in Russian, the prefix serves as a powerful tool for the formation of various verbs from the same root ( walk, you walk, at walk, with walk, at walk etc.), so in English the same role is played by prepositions and adverbs.

The meanings of some phrasal verbs are intuitive, as they are easily deduced from its constituent elements: come back - return, go away - leave, stand up - get up and so on. Others wear, and their meanings just need to be remembered separately, for example: take after - take an example, be like someone.

In combination with various elements, the main verb can acquire a variety of meanings, at first glance, little related to each other in meaning. For example:

look- look

look for- search

look after- take care

look up to- respect

Synonyms for phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs can be found in and genre, but still the main area of ​​their use is colloquial speech. In official business and scientific style, it is more common to use verbs of French, Latin or Greek origin. This is not a strict rule, but a steady trend and has a long history.

Phrasal verbs arose naturally in the English language, however, an event occurred that caused the language to develop in two parallel ways. That event was the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.

After William the Conqueror invaded the country and seized power, French began to predominate in the upper strata of society, and English was supplanted and became the language of the common people. This situation continued for a century and a half, until in 1204 England freed itself from French domination.

During this time, French became the language of educated people, and it was from it that writers borrowed new words to make up for the impoverished vocabulary of English. In addition, many scientists knew Latin and ancient Greek, so they turned to these languages, drawing from them terms for new areas of knowledge.

Which, along with the original ones, expressed the nuances of the same concept. For example, the meaning of the word foretell (to predict) can be expressed by the Latin word predict or the Greek word prophesy. As a result, while native phrasal verbs naturally developed in folk speech, borrowed words expanded the scientific and literary vocabulary.

The English language continues to develop today along these two parallel paths. Therefore, hundreds of English phrasal verbs have French, Latin or Greek synonyms that have a similar meaning but more "scientific" sound. Here are just a few of these synonyms:

blow up explode explode) find out ascertain clarify, elucidate
give up surrender give up go against opposite mind,
resist
hand in submit submit (documents) leave out omit miss (ignore)
look forward to anticipate expect,
look forward to
look up to admire, respect admire, respect
make up fabricate dream up point out indicate show
pull out extract extract,
pull out
put off postpone postpone (for later)
put out extinguish extinguish (fire) put together assemble, compose collect
speed up accelerate accelerate) stand up for defense protect

Separability of phrasal verbs

Most phrasal verbs are inseparable, that is, a preposition or adverb immediately follows the main part. You can say:

"She looks after her sister" ("She takes care of her sister"), but you can not - "She looks her sister after".

However, there are many verbs that can be divided. Phrases "He took off his coat" ("He took off his coat") and "He took his coat off"Equally true.

To figure out which verbs can be separated and which not, you need to remember two classifications. First, as we said at the beginning of the article, phrasal verbs form three subcategories: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs, and prepositional phrasal verbs. Secondly, any verb can be transitive (have a direct object) or intransitive (have no object).

Prepositional verbs have the form verb + preposition

A preposition is always followed by an object (noun or pronoun), so all prepositional verbs have a direct object. He is looking for his glasses. He is looking for his glasses.

Prepositional verbs cannot be divided, that is, we cannot put an object between its parts. You can't say "He is looking his glasses for".

Phrasal verbs have the form verb + adverb

Short adverbs are not always easy to distinguish from prepositions. Say, in the sentence "You can count on them" ("You can count on them"), on is a preposition, and in the sentence "You can go on"("You can continue") is an adverb. The grammatical difference is that an adverb does not always need an object. Thus, phrasal verbs can be both transitive and intransitive. For example:

give up surrender (intransitive verb)

2016-04-04

Greetings, my dear readers.

Have you ever watched a movie or ? Or maybe you had to listen to natural, and not academic, English speech? If the answers to these questions are yes, then you definitely should have noticed that native speakers use phrasal verbs in almost 80% of sentences. Therefore, today we have a lot of important things on the topic of the day:

  • I want to tell you what it is - a phrasal verb,
  • I will share with you my top 20 "The most popular phrasal verbs in the English language",
  • and I will also give a couple of secrets on how to remember them the fastest.

Ready? Then go ahead!

By the way, after studying, you can continue to get acquainted with them further:

What is a phrasal verb?

I would even say this is a phenomenon when a verb, together with a certain preposition, acquires a certain meaning. Let's look at an example.

What are you looking for ? - What you looking for?

Do you still look after you grandmother? - Are you still looking after for your grandmother?

In this way, with a change in the preposition after the verb, you can radically change the meaning of the whole word and even the sentence.

What is extremely important is not to confuse phrasal verbs with dependent prepositions. The latter are always paired with a certain word (for example, listen to smth- listen to something) and if you change the preposition, then the phrase will simply be wrong. But if you change the preposition in a phrasal verb, you can get the correct, but completely different meaning.

I think you got the idea, and now my table is a list of the most common verbs with translation and examples for better understanding and memorization.

Top 20 most popular phrasal verbs and examples of their use

  • Go on - continue.

I suddenly stopped talking.

- Go on , - she said.

I suddenly stopped talking.

-Continue, - she said.

  • Pick up - raise.

The telephone was ringing, but I couldn't pick it up. - The phone rang but I couldn't raise handset.

  • Get up - get up.

Get up , brush your teeth and hair. I have almost finished preparing the breakfast.- get up brush your teeth and comb your hair. I have almost finished preparing breakfast.

  • Turn on\off - enable/disable.

Turn on the light, please, and turn off the radio. - You are welcome, turn it on light and turn off radio.

  • Turn around - turn around.

You look amazing in this dress. turn around one more time. - You look great in this dress. turn around again.

  • Hold on - hold, wait.

Hold on a minute, please. I need to check schedule. -Wait one minute, please. I need to check the schedule.

  • Give up - give up.

Never give up if you don't have faith in you success at the moment. - Never not give up, even if you do not believe in your success at the moment.

  • Carry on - continue.

Whatever happens - just carry on ! - No matter what happens - continue.

  • Come on - come on, go ahead!

Come on , guys! You can win! -Forward, guys! You can win!

  • Call off - cancel.

We were about to go for a meeting when it was suddenly called off. - We were about to go to the meeting when, unexpectedly, canceled.

  • Break down - break.

I can't meet you. My car has broken down recently. - I cannot meet you. My car recently broke down.

  • Bring up - educate.

It costs a lot to bring up a child nowadays. - Now grow child is very expensive.

  • Find out - find out.

What if he find out? - What if he learns?

  • Walk away - leave.

If you don't love me - just walk away. - If you don't love me - just leave.

  • Look for - search.

What are you looking for? - What you looking for?

  • Stand up - get up.

When the teacher enters the classroom - stand up. - When the teacher enters the classroom - stand up.

  • Sit down - sit down.

When the teacher asks you to sit down- do it. - When the teacher asks you sit down- sit down.

  • Run away - run away

How many times did I want to run away from all my problems? - How many times have I wanted run away from all my problems?

  • Come in - enter.

Come in! Mother has almost finished serving the table. -Come in. Mom almost finished setting the table.

  • Try on - try on.

This dress matches your eyes. You should try it on . - This dress matches the color of your eyes. you need it try on.

How to quickly and easily learn phrasal verbs?

Oh, there is no universal answer to this question. But from my own experience, as well as many years of experience with my students, I can say that learning basic phrasal verbs is much easier than you think. Here are some tips and techniques for remembering:

  • Divide them into groups.

According to any principle convenient for you: by the main word, by preposition, by topic, or simply by quantity - as long as it is convenient for you to remember. The point is that you start learning small groups of phrases.

  • Make mental analogies.

At one time phrasal verb look for - search, - I remember the fact that it is pronounced like the Russian word "magnifying glass". And to this day, the image of a magnifying glass pops up in my head every now and then.

Draw analogies and associations, build your own visual system that will help you quickly and desirable.

  • Practice.

A lot of practice never hurt anyone. , listen to natural English speech, fiction - you yourself will not notice how you will start using phrasal verbs more and more.

Well, if you're tired, then here's what I'll tell you:

« Calm down and carry on Relax and keep going!

But if you still feel that you need support in learning the language - subscribe to my blog newsletter, where I regularly share important and useful information.

For now, I have everything.

In contact with

The greatest difficulty for students is the phrasal verbs of the English language. They compensate for the lack of a complex system of conjugations, but add many additional meanings to each word expressing action.

a brief description of

This group of words includes idioms or stable combinations with prepositions and other parts of speech. The meaning of these expressions may be completely different from the translation of the verb itself. There are several types of phraseological verbs in English:

  • Compatible with adverbs:


break up - fall apart, stop;

bring down - break, destroy;

get out - get out.

  • adding a suggestion:


hold in - restrain yourself;

get to - get somewhere;

take over - take possession of something.

  • prepositional adverbs:


run out of - end, dry out;

look forward to - look forward to;

get away with - get away with it.

The basic phrasal verbs of the English language have accumulated over several centuries, as grammar has evolved. Initially, prepositions and adverbs attached to these words retained their direct meaning, but then the meaning of the phrase changed beyond recognition. This is how various idiomatic expressions appeared, which cannot be translated by individual components.

Most popular phrasal verbs

It is more convenient to present the list of such phrases in the form of tables with translation. Idioms can be divided into several groups:

  • with the verb break:
  • with the verb bring:
  • with the verb come:
  • with get verb:
  • with the verb give:
  • with the verb go:
  • with the verb hang:
  • with the verb hold:
  • with look verb:
look at look at someone
look after look after, look after, look after
look back look back
look down look down
look for search
look forward to look forward
look into research
look on/upon take for
look out

look out, be careful

look out on have a view of
look over inspect
look round look around
look through look out the window
look up look up in a dictionary
  • with the verb make:
  • with put verb:
  • with the verb run:

English is the language of eccentrics and riddle lovers. Here, there are well-known English verbs get, look, take and give. And everything seems to be fine with them. But, the British did not think so, and they decided to diversify the vocabulary with additional elements. Thus, they turned the meaning of the words upside down: get off (go), look about (make inquiries), take apart (scold), and give up (surrender). They called them phrasal verbs. Actually, it's not all that confusing. Let's figure it out.

Under the phrasal verb ( phrasal verb) means an idiomatic phrase consisting of a familiar English verb , but with one exception, which is used with an additional element: with a particle ( particles) = stand to(to stick to) or adverb ( adverb) = live down(to make amends with your behavior); or with both = stick up to(resist). Why do English phrasal verbs cause so much difficulty? The answer lies in the fact that at first glance it is extremely problematic to determine the cumulative meaning of the parts of the verb.

Types of phrasal verbs

Speaking in the dry language of grammar, a phrasal verb can be roughly divided into 4 main categories.

  • transitional ( transitive): a verb that requires an object after itself. For example, there is a verb bump into(accidentally come across), after it should be a face that was just not expected to be seen. You can't just say: Last Friday I bumped into. Because There is a clear understatement in the proposal. Instead, the idea should be formulated as:

Last Friday I bumped into Bennett. “Last Friday I stumbled upon Bennet by chance.

Subject + Verb + Particle + Object
  • intransitive ( intransitive): a verb that stands on its own in a sentence and does not require additional explanations after itself in the form of an object. For example, the verb grow up(grow up):

Her children are growing up quickly.- Her children are growing up fast. Formula:

Subject + Verb + Particle

NOTA BENE: Some verbs, depending on the transmitted meaning, can be transitional: Tom wakes up Heather. - Tom will be Heather. And intransitive: Tom wake up. - Tom wakes up.

  • Detachable ( separable): the main verb can stand apart from the semantic element: Tom wake up Heather. = Tom wakes Heather up. However, some verbs prefer constant privacy, so they always keep a safe distance from particles:

Keep smth around(keep to yourself), but not "keep around smth".

Subject + Verb + Particle + Object = Subject + Verb + Object + Particle

NOTA BENE: If the role of the object is used personal pronoun, then the sentence formula will always look like this:

Subject + verb + personal pronoun + particle
  • Inseparable ( inseparable): like lovers, the verb never and under no circumstances part with its soul mate. For example, look up to smb(to admire someone), but not look up smb to / look smb up to:

William has never looked up to his uncle. William never admired his uncle.

Subject + Verb + Particle + Object

NOTA BENE: To determine whether a verb is transitive or not, look in the English dictionary: Macmillan, Merriam Webster or Collins. Studying the context and examples will allow you to find out whether the English phrasal verb will be separable or inseparable.

Phrasal verbs of the English language with translation
BRING
ON [ɔn] stimulate
call
detachable transition
UP [ʌp] raise an issue detachable transition
CHEER
ON [ɔn] inspire detachable transition
UP [ʌp] support detachable transition
COME
UP [ʌp] appear (on screen) inseparable intransitive
IN [ɪn] enter inseparable intransitive
ACROSS [ə"krɔs] stumble across inseparable transition
GET
THROUGH withstand inseparable transition
UP [ʌp] to get up from bed inseparable intransitive
HAND
IN [ɪn] hand in (written work) detachable transition
HANG
UP [ʌp] hang up the phone detachable transition
KEEP
DOWN control detachable transition
UP WITH [ʌp wɪð] keep up with inseparable transition
KICK
OUT kick out detachable transition
LOOK
UP [ʌp] look in the dictionary detachable transition
OUT be careful detachable transition
MAKE
UP [ʌp] create / invent detachable transition
PASS
AWAY [ə"weɪ] die inseparable intransitive
PICK
UP [ʌp] lift up detachable transition
PUT
UP WITH [ʌp wɪð] put up with inseparable transition
SWITCH
OFF [ɔf] turn off detachable transition
ON [ɔn] include detachable transition
RUN
OUT OF run dry inseparable transition
TAKE
AFTER ["ɑ:ftə] be like inseparable transition
OVER ["əuvə] accept (position) detachable transition
RUN
OUT OF run dry inseparable transition
THROW
OUT OF Lose the chance
throw away
detachable transition
TURN
DOWN turn down the sound detachable transition
UP [ʌp] turn up the sound detachable transition
WORK
OUT train inseparable intransitive
THROUGH pave yourself
road through
inseparable transition

How to learn English phrasal verbs

Finding lists on the Internet or a dictionary of English phrasal verbs in grammar books is not difficult. However, this is not the best way to study them. Let's talk about tricks for effective memorization of phrasal verbs.

  • First of all, context- the head of everything. A great way is to start with a list of phrasal verbs and a blank sheet of paper. Imagine watching a Formula 1 World Championship, there will probably be various idiomatic expressions used, including a verb related to traffic on the road, pull up (stop), etc. Now turn on your imagination. Imagine that you are at the airport of phrasal verbs, and there are no less of them than there are suitcases in the usual one. Choose one topic and write it in the center of the page. Now go through the list of phrasal verbs until you come across something that might be heard in this situation. Do not forget to immediately drop a couple of examples to understand the form of the phrasal verb. It is much easier to assimilate the material when all the nuances of use are taken into account.
  • Secondly, once you have worked out the connection diagram of a particular situation, it is worth compiling easy-to-remember short stories where phrasal verbs are used. After all, everyone loves funny stories. Whether you consider yourself a verbal swordsman or not, there are several reasons for this. No one will read pen sketches unless they want to. It is not necessary to write them in a notebook, say them out loud or record the speech on a voice recorder.
  • Third, learn phrasal verbs on English songs, because they help to quickly and easily memorize new words used in live colloquial speech. Type lyrics in the search box the name of the phrasal verb, enter the word, listen to groovy music and learn English.
  • And finally, fourthly, check the modern meaning of phrasal verbs by reading news. Once you've had enough, go back to Google, but this time instead of looking for lyrics and videos, browse the news tab or go to sites: The Guardian, Flipboard, CNN, BBC, USA Today etc. Try to find phrasal verbs there. The news will allow you to parse authentic examples of English phrasal verbs.

Conclusion

Phrasal verbs are everywhere and an important part of the English speaking world. The language, being a changeable structure and subject to metamorphoses, is replenished with new idiomatic expressions and bright words over time. But, don't worry. Start with a couple of English phrasal verbs with the translation in the table above, take your time and work on the specifics of their use in speech. Be sure that soon you will become an outstanding expert.

Stay focused and believe in yourself!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

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