The time of formation of mountains is estimated in millions of years. Their occurrence occurs due to the collision of tectonic plates that formed the earth's crust.
Andean Cordillera
Name the longest mountains in the world, can you do it? You, without hesitation, will surely remember the Andes. They are located in South America. Their name is translated from the Inca language as "copper mountains". They have no equal on our planet.
For those who do not know what are the longest mountains in the world, it is worth saying that the length of the Andean Cordillera is an unprecedented value. It is equal to nine thousand kilometers.
This long mountain range originates from the Caribbean Sea. At the same time, he reaches the Tierra del Fuego itself.
The highest peak of the Copper Mountains
The process of formation of the Andean Coldillera continues at the present time. Sometimes the mountain range makes itself felt by volcanic eruptions. Often there are earthquakes. The formation process ends with the uplift of rocks.
Huge folds of stone rise to imposing heights.
Mount Akonkagau is considered the highest peak of the Andean Cordillera. Its maximum mark is 6962 m.
Key Features of the Andean Cordillera
If you are asked the question: “Name the longest mountains in the world and describe them,” then it is worth mentioning their other parameter. The maximum width of the chain of these unique ranges is seven hundred and fifty kilometers. This value was recorded in the Andean Highlands in the Central Andes. There are places where the width of the Copper Mountain is five hundred kilometers.
But a large area of the Andean Coldiriers is occupied by a plateau. It is called Pune. The height of the mountain range here is on average about four kilometers.
According to experts, Copper Mountain is a relatively young formation. The process of its formation was completed about several million years ago. Fossils began to emerge in the Precambrian and also in the Paleozoic period. It was then that land areas began to appear in place of the boundless ocean. And for a long period, the area where the Andes are now located was either a sea or a piece of land.
The longest ridge in the world also serves as a very large watershed between the oceans. In the Copper Mountain is the source of the famous. Its tributaries also originate there. The Andean Cordilleras serve as the beginning of many large rivers of the South American continent, which flow through Paraguay, Orinoco and the state of Parana.
Climatic conditions
If your task is to be concluded in the question: "Name the longest mountains in the world and the temperature zones in which they are located," then it is worth mentioning their insulating purpose. For the mainland, the Andean Coldiriers serve as a climatic barrier. The fact is that they perfectly isolate the land from the influence of the Atlantic from the west. The ridges protect the mainland and from the Pacific Ocean from the east.
Given the length of the mountain chain, it is not at all surprising that the Andes are located in more than one climatic zone. These are subtropical temperate and southern tropical, equatorial, as well as southern and northern subequatorial. The mountain range stretched through all six of the above climatic zones. In this regard, in different parts of the chain of ridges, the existing landscape is radically different. The difference in it is also observed due to the precipitation of different amounts of precipitation. If on the western slopes this value is up to ten thousand millimeters, then on the southern slopes it is much less.
Relief division
If you have to answer the question: "Name the longest mountains in the world and their main components," then you should describe the regions into which the Andean Cordilleras are divided. According to the relief, the central, southern and northern Andes are distinguished. Each region has its own ranges. The North includes the Caribbean, Ecuadorian, and also the Northwestern Andes. The main mountains are separated by the depressions of two rivers - Magdalena and Cauca. These areas have a large number of volcanoes. One of them is Willa. Its height is 5750 m. But the Ruiz volcano reached a mark of 5400 meters.
In the Ecuadorian Andes there is a whole chain of high volcanoes. The most notable giant is Chimborazo. Its highest elevation is 6267 m. A little lower than its Cotopaxi (5896 m). This mountain chain passes through the territory of seven states located on the South American continent at once. Among them are Colombia and Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia, Peru and Chile, as well as Argentina. The highest point of the Andes is at around 6769 m. It belongs to Mount Huascaran.
They are divided into Chile-Argentine and Patagonian Southern Andes. The highest peak of this part is Tupungato. It rises to 6800 m. A little lower is Mount Medcedario. Its height is 6770 m.
picturesque slopes
If you are asked: "Name the longest mountains in the world and describe this unique place," then you should tell about the extraordinary beauty of the chain of ridges. Moreover, this mountain system in each state has its own zest. So, in the Venezuelan Andes, shrubs and deciduous forests grow on red soils. The slopes from the central to the northwestern part of the mountain range can boast of another landscape. They are covered by equatorial and tropical forests. Here you can find bananas and ficuses, cocoa and palm trees, creepers and bamboos. There are also such sections of the Andean Cordillera that are covered with lifeless rocky spaces or moss swamps. And everything that is above four and a half kilometers is snow and eternal ice.
Animal world
The Andes are distinguished by a wide variety of fauna. They are home to alpacas and llamas, and here you can see the relic spectacled bear, sloths, blue foxes, chinchillas and hummingbirds. In other words, those representatives of the animal world, which in Russia are found only in the zoo.
The Andes are considered to be home to more than nine hundred species of amphibians, six hundred species of mammals and two thousand species of birds. Local rivers are also distinguished by a large variety of fish (about 400 species).
Ural mountains
What are the longest mountains in Russia? Ural. This mountain system stretches between the West Siberian and East European plains. The length is almost 2000, and with Mugodzhary and Nai-Khoi - 2600 km.
What are the longest parameters in width? The minimum is 40 km. In some places, the width of the mountain range reaches 150 km.
History of occurrence
The formation of the Ural ranges took place in the late Paleozoic period. It was an era of intensive mountain building. The formation of the massif itself began about three hundred and fifty million years ago. It was the late Devonian. The process ended almost two hundred million years ago.
In the Ural zones, deformed and often metamorphosed rocks of the mountain type rise above the surface. They belong to the Paleozoic era.
Geographical zones
The Ural massif is conditionally divided into five parts. Allocate South and Middle. There is the Northern and Subpolar, as well as the Polar.
The widest part of the mountain range is the Southern Urals. Its eastern slopes are covered with forest-steppe and a large number of lakes. The landscape of the western side of the south of the mountain chain is a steppe. A little to the north it is replaced by forests.
The Middle Urals is the lowest and narrowest part of the mountain range. The slopes of the mountains in this zone are covered with coniferous forests.
The climate is more severe. The slopes of the mountains in this zone are covered with forests, in which there are many berries and mushrooms.
The highest region is the Subpolar Urals. In its central part there is Narodnaya Peak. It rises to 1894 m. A little lower than it, also in the Subpolar Urals, is Mount Karpinsky. Its height is 1876 m.
The Polar Urals is located in the tundra zone. In this area of the mountain range there is a decrease in its height and width. characterized by a harsh climate. Duration summer period in this area is small - only a month (from mid-July to mid-August).
Caucasian mountains
This array is divided into two systems. These include the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. The mountain system extends between the Azov, Black and Caspian seas.
If you are asked the question: "Name the longest mountains located in the south of Russia," then you, without hesitation, should name the Caucasus. Their formation was completed in the Tertiary period.
What is the length of the Greater Caucasus stretches for more than a thousand one hundred kilometers. This is a picturesque place rich in diverse flora and fauna.
In you can meet wild boars, chamois and golden eagles. The massif is the habitat of the rare Caucasian leopard.
The Caucasus is a mountain system located in Eurasia between the Black and Caspian Seas. The mountain chain stretches for 1100 km from the Taman Peninsula and Anapa to the Absheron Peninsula near the city of Baku.
This territory is usually divided according to several criteria: into the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, as well as into the Western (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), Central (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and Eastern (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea). The mountain system reaches its greatest width in the central part (180 km). The mountain peaks of the Central Caucasus are the highest on the Main Caucasian (Dividing) Range.
The most famous mountain peaks of the Caucasus are Mount Elbrus (5642 m) and Mount Kazbek (5033 m). Both peaks are stratovolcanoes. Moreover, Kazbek is considered to be extinct, which cannot be said about Elbrus. The opinions of experts on this matter vary. The slopes of the two highest mountains of the Caucasus are covered with snow and glaciers. The Central Caucasus accounts for up to 70% of modern glaciation. For more than a century of observations of the glaciers of the Caucasus, their area has significantly decreased.
To the north, from the foot of the Greater Caucasus, an inclined plain extends, which ends with the Kumo-Manych depression. Its territory is dissected by lateral ridges and river valleys. The largest rivers in this area can be considered the river. Kuban and Terek. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands.
The Caucasus Mountains can be considered young. They were formed in the era of Alpine folding about 28-23 million years ago. Their formation is due to the movement of the Arabian lithospheric plate to the north to the Eurasian one. The latter, pressed by the African plate, moves several centimeters a year.
Tectonic processes in the depths of the Caucasus continue to this day. The geological structure of Elbrus speaks of the great activity of the volcano in the recent past. Several powerful earthquakes occurred in the Caucasus in the 20th century. The most devastating was the earthquake in Armenia in 1988.
Seismic stations operating throughout the Caucasus annually register several hundred earthquakes. Experts say that some sections of the Caucasus Range "grow" by several centimeters per year.
Caucasus in Europe or in Asia?
This issue should be considered more in political and historical aspects. The Caucasus Mountains are located in the center of the Eurasian Plate, so the division can only be conditional. The border between Europe and Asia was proposed by the Swedish officer and geographer F. Stralenberg in 1730. The border that passed through the Ural Mountains and the Kuma-Manych depression was accepted by many scientists.
Despite this, in different time several alternative proposals were proposed that justified the division of Europe and Asia along the Caucasus Mountains. Despite ongoing disputes, Elbrus is still considered the highest point in Europe. The history of the region suggests the special position of the Caucasus at the crossroads between European and East Asian cultures.
The highest mountains of the Caucasus
- Elbrus (5642 m). KBR, KChR. The highest point in Russia
- Dykhtau (5204 m). CBD
- Koshtantau (5122 m). CBD
- Pushkin Peak (5100 m). CBD
- Dzhangitau (5058 m). CBD
- Shkhara (5201 m). CBD. The highest point of Georgia
- Kazbek (5034 m). The highest point of North Ossetia
- Mizhirgi Western (5022 m). CBD
- Tetnuld (4974 m). Georgia
- Katyntau (4970 m). CBD
- Peak Shota Rustaveli (4960 m). CBD
- Gestola (4860 m). CBD
- Jimara (4780 m). Georgia, North Ossetia
- Ushba (4690 m). Georgia, North Ossetia
- Gulchitau (4447 m). CBD
- Tebulosmta (4493 m). The highest point of Chechnya
- Bazarduzu (4466 m). The highest point of Dagestan and Azerbaijan
- Shan (4451 m). The highest point of Ingushetia
- Adai-Khokh (4408 m). North Ossetia
- Diclosmta (4285 m). Chechnya
- Shahdag (4243 m). Azerbaijan
- Tufandag (4191 m). Azerbaijan
- Shalbuzdag (4142 m). Dagestan
- Aragats (4094). The highest point of Armenia
- Dombay-Ulgen (4046 m). KCHR
How many five-thousanders are in the Caucasus?
It is customary to call Caucasian five-thousanders mountains whose height exceeds five kilometers. From the list above, it is clear that Caucasus eight mountains "five-thousanders«:
- Elbrus(5642 m) is a dormant volcano and the highest mountain in Russia. The mountain consists of two peaks Western (5642 m) and Eastern (5621 m), connected by a saddle (5416 m).
- Dykhtau(5204 m) - mountain peak of the Lateral Range of the Greater Caucasus. The mountain consists of two peaks (both over 5000 m high), connected by a steep narrow saddle. The first ascent to the mountain took place in 1888. To date, about ten routes have been laid to the top of Dykhtau with a difficulty of 4A (according to the Russian classification).
- Koshtantau(5122 m) - a mountain peak on the border of Bezenga and the mountainous region of Balkaria.
- Pushkin Peak(5100 m) - being part of the Dykhtau mountain range, it is a separate peak. Named after A.S. Pushkin to the 100th anniversary of his death.
- Dzhangitau(5058 m) - a mountain peak in the central part of the Greater Caucasus. There are three peaks in the Dzhangitau massif, all of which have a height of more than five kilometers.
- Shkhara(5201 m) - a mountain peak of the Central Caucasus, which is part of the Bezengi wall.
- Kazbek(5034 m) is an extinct stratovolcano, the easternmost five-thousander of the Caucasus. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1868.
- Mizhirgi Western(5022 m) - a mountain peak as part of the Bezengi wall. The name of the mountain is translated from Karachay-Balkar as "connecting".
Mountains occupy about 24% of all land. Most mountains in Asia - 64%, least of all in Africa - 3%. 10% of the population lives in the mountains the globe. And it is in the mountains that most of the rivers on our planet originate.
Characteristics of the mountains
By geographic location mountains unite in different communities, which should be distinguished.
. mountain belts- the largest formations, often stretching across several continents. For example, the Alpine-Himalayan belt runs through Europe and Asia, or the Andean-Cordillera, stretching through North and South America.
. mountain system- groups of mountains and ranges, similar in structure and age. For example, the Ural Mountains.
. mountain ranges- a group of mountains, elongated in a line (Sangre de Cristo in the USA).
. mountain groups- also a group of mountains, but not elongated in a line, but simply located nearby. For example, the Ber-Po Mountains in Montana.
. Solitary mountains- not related to others, often of volcanic origin (Table Mountain in South Africa).
Natural areas of mountains
natural areas in the mountains they are arranged in layers and are replaced depending on the height. At the foot, there is most often a zone of meadows (in the highlands) and forests (in the middle and low mountains). The higher, the more severe the climate becomes.
The change of belts is influenced by climate, height, topography of mountains and their geographical position. For example, continental mountains do not have a belt of forests. From the foot to the top, natural areas change from deserts to grasslands.
Mountain views
There are several classifications of mountains according to various criteria: by structure, shape, origin, age, geographical location. Consider the most basic types:
1. By age distinguish old and young mountains.
old called mountain systems, whose age is hundreds of millions of years. The internal processes in them have subsided, and the external ones (wind, water) continue to destroy, gradually comparing them with the plains. The old mountains include the Ural, Scandinavian, Khibiny (on the Kola Peninsula).
2. Height distinguish between low, medium and high mountains.
Low mountains (up to 800 m) - with rounded or flat tops and gentle slopes. There are many rivers in these mountains. Examples: Northern Urals, Khibiny, spurs of the Tien Shan.
Medium mountains (800-3000 m). They are characterized by a change in landscape depending on the height. These are the Polar Urals, the Appalachians, the mountains of the Far East.
High mountains (over 3000 m). Basically, these are young mountains with steep slopes and sharp peaks. Natural areas change from forests to icy deserts. Examples: Pamir, Caucasus, Andes, Himalayas, Alps, Rocky Mountains.
3. By origin they distinguish volcanic (Fujiyama), tectonic (Altai Mountains) and denudation, or erosional (Vilyuysky, Ilimsky).
4. According to the shape of the top mountains are peak-shaped (Communism Peak, Kazbek), plateau-shaped and canteen (Amby in Ethiopia or Monument Valley in the USA), domed (Ayu-Dag, Mashuk).
Climate in the mountains
The mountain climate has a number characteristic features, which appear with height.
Decrease in temperature - the higher, the colder. It is no coincidence that the peaks of the highest mountains are covered with glaciers.
going down Atmosphere pressure. For example, at the top of Everest, the pressure is two times lower than at sea level. That is why water in the mountains boils faster - at 86-90ºC.
The intensity of solar radiation increases. In the mountains, sunlight contains more ultraviolet light.
The amount of precipitation is increasing.
High mountain ranges delay precipitation and affect the movement of cyclones. Therefore, the climate on different slopes of the same mountain may differ. On the windward side there is a lot of moisture, sun, on the leeward side it is always dry and cool. A striking example is the Alps, where subtropics are represented on one side of the slopes, and a temperate climate dominates on the other.
The highest mountains in the world
(Click on the picture to enlarge the scheme in full size)
There are seven highest peaks in the world, which all climbers dream of conquering. Those who succeeded become honorary members of the "Seven Peaks Club". These are mountains such as:
. Chomolungma, or Everest (8848 m). Located on the border of Nepal and Tibet. Belongs to the Himalayas. It has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. The first conquest of the mountain took place in 1953.
. aconcagua(6962 m). It is the highest mountain in the southern hemisphere, located in Argentina. Belongs to the Andes mountain system. The first ascent took place in 1897.
. McKinley- highest peak North America(6168 m). Located in Alaska. First conquered in 1913. It was considered the highest point in Russia until Alaska was sold to America.
. kilimanjaro- the highest mark in Africa (5891.8 m). Located in Tanzania. First conquered in 1889. This is the only mountain where all types of the Earth's belts are represented.
. Elbrus- the highest peak in Europe and Russia (5642 m). Located in the Caucasus. The first ascent took place in 1829.
. Vinson Massif- the highest mountain of Antarctica (4897 m). It is part of the Ellsworth Mountains. First conquered in 1966.
. Mont Blanc- the highest point in Europe (many attribute Elbrus to Asia). Height - 4810 m. Located on the border of France and Italy, belongs to the mountain system of the Alps. The first ascent in 1786, and a century later, in 1886, Theodore Roosevelt conquered the summit of Mont Blanc.
. Pyramid of Carstens- the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania (4884 m). Located on the island of New Guinea. The first conquest was in 1962.
author Ilya olganov asked a question in Other about cities and countries
Which mountains are higher Ural or Caucasian? and got the best answer
Answer from Lena.[guru]
The highest point of the Caucasus Mountains is Mount Elbrus, its height is 5642m. And the highest point of the Ural Mountains is Mount Narodnaya. height 1895m.
Answer from Just Its[guru]
Caucasian.
Answer from Kyz[guru]
Caucasian of course...
Answer from #####
[guru]
The Caucasus Mountains (Georgian კავკასიონი, Armenian Կովկաս, Azerbaijani Qafqaz, Karach-Balk. Caucasus taula, Tur. Kafkas Dağları) is a mountain system between the Black and Caspian Seas.
Highest point
Elbrus (5642 m)
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than 1100 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Anapa region and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, near Baku. The Greater Caucasus reaches its maximum width in the Elbrus region (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is the Main Caucasian (or Dividing) Range, to the north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extend, including a monoclinal (kuest) character. Southern slope of the Greater Caucasus for the most part consists of echelon-shaped ridges adjacent to the Main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the Greater Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the Eastern Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
The Greater Caucasus is a region with a large modern glaciation. The total number of glaciers is about 2,050, and their area is approximately 1,400 km². More than half of the glaciation of the Greater Caucasus is concentrated in the Central Caucasus (50% of the number and 70% of the area of glaciation). Major centers of glaciation are Mount Elbrus and the Bezengi wall. The largest glacier in the Greater Caucasus is the Bezengi glacier (about 17 km long).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhi Ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m.
The Ural Mountains are a mountain system between the East European and West Siberian plains. The length is more than 2000 (with Pai-Khoi and Mugodzhary - more than 2500) km, the width is from 40 to 150 km.
Highest point
Narodnaya town (1,875 m)
Answer from Irim[guru]
the Ural mountains are not high, but the beauty is unique!
Answer from Elena Zhirkova[guru]
caucasian
Answer from Mila Ilyasova[newbie]
why will they be saved from disasters in the Western Urals: because of the height of the terrain, the ability to live without electricity, fertile land, or ...?
Answer from Yeaid Nabiev[newbie]
caucasian
Answer from Lerachka Lefterova[newbie]
caucasian
Answer from Irina Kudryashova[newbie]
caucasian
author Ilya olganov asked a question in Other about cities and countries
Which mountains are higher Ural or Caucasian? and got the best answer
Answer from Lena.[guru]
The highest point of the Caucasus Mountains is Mount Elbrus, its height is 5642m. And the highest point of the Ural Mountains is Mount Narodnaya. height 1895m.
Answer from Just Its[guru]
Caucasian.
Answer from Kyz[guru]
Caucasian of course...
Answer from #####
[guru]
The Caucasus Mountains (Georgian კავკასიონი, Armenian Կովկաս, Azerbaijani Qafqaz, Karach-Balk. Caucasus taula, Tur. Kafkas Dağları) is a mountain system between the Black and Caspian Seas.
Highest point
Elbrus (5642 m)
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than 1100 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Anapa region and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, near Baku. The Greater Caucasus reaches its maximum width in the Elbrus region (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is the Main Caucasian (or Dividing) Range, to the north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extend, including a monoclinal (kuest) character. The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mostly consists of echelon-shaped ridges adjacent to the Main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the Greater Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the Eastern Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
The Greater Caucasus is a region with a large modern glaciation. The total number of glaciers is about 2,050, and their area is approximately 1,400 km². More than half of the glaciation of the Greater Caucasus is concentrated in the Central Caucasus (50% of the number and 70% of the area of glaciation). Major centers of glaciation are Mount Elbrus and the Bezengi wall. The largest glacier in the Greater Caucasus is the Bezengi glacier (about 17 km long).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhi Ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m.
The Ural Mountains are a mountain system between the East European and West Siberian plains. The length is more than 2000 (with Pai-Khoi and Mugodzhary - more than 2500) km, the width is from 40 to 150 km.
Highest point
Narodnaya town (1,875 m)
Answer from Irim[guru]
the Ural mountains are not high, but the beauty is unique!
Answer from Elena Zhirkova[guru]
caucasian
Answer from Mila Ilyasova[newbie]
why will they be saved from disasters in the Western Urals: because of the height of the terrain, the ability to live without electricity, fertile land, or ...?
Answer from Yeaid Nabiev[newbie]
caucasian
Answer from Lerachka Lefterova[newbie]
caucasian
Answer from Irina Kudryashova[newbie]
caucasian
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