Over the past 17 years, due to the destruction of a unified nationwide system of sanitary and hygienic control over the use of polymeric materials in construction, a flood of toxic and highly toxic building materials, the mass use of which causes serious harm to the health of millions of people. Especially dangerous materials and structures include the so-called sandwich panels that have appeared in the Russian Federation since 2000 and houses made of these panels, which in our country have received the common name “Canadian housing construction technology”. The technology for producing sandwich panels consists in gluing plates styrofoam(PPS) with OSB boards (OSB) to obtain a 3-layer structure. The thickness of the PPS layer is from 100 to 200 mm, and the layers are glued mainly with polyurethane adhesives.
The danger of using polystyrene foam is a topic for a separate discussion (but about the dangers OSB boards(Orient Strand Board, plate oriented flat chips) will be discussed further.
From history and technology
The first real OSB board was produced in 1982 in Alberta (Canada) at the Edison-OSB plant, then owned by Pelican Somils Limited. The first OSB boards appeared in our country in 1986. At one of the enterprises of the Byelorussian SSR, the first Soviet shop for the production of oriented strand boards was organized. But at the end of the 80s of the last century, after the scandal associated with the poisoning of people with formaldehyde, these plates in the USSR were banned for use. in construction. The ban came from the Ministry of Health of the USSR, and the submission to the ban was made by the "Interdepartmental Committee for Sanitary and Hygienic Regulation of the Use of Polymeric Materials in Construction and Transport". This prohibition is still valid today.
OSB boards differ from conventional chipboard by the oriented arrangement of chips in layers, which provides them with significantly greater strength compared to chipboard, and in terms of sanitary chemistry and environmental characteristics, OSB and chipboard boards are no different - in both cases, the same types are used as a binder resin as a binder.
For the manufacture of OSB, small-sized and non-commercial coniferous wood is used, the rapid growth of which ensures the production of inexpensive raw materials. Chips used in boards are glued together with resins with the addition of synthetic wax under the influence of extremely high temperatures and pressure. The use of wax ensures the high quality of the product. The addition of a boric acid salt increases the protective properties of the plate. OSB is easy to distinguish from other types of wood-based panels due to the relatively large and long chips from which it is made. A distinctive feature of OSB is that the chips in the layers of the board have an orientation. As a rule, the chips in the outer layers are oriented longitudinally, while the chips of the inner layer are oriented transversely. Most often, OSB has three or four layers - two external and one (two) internal. It should be noted that the orientation of the chips in the outer layers is not always obvious, especially on small slabs. However, it is precisely due to the orientation of the chips in the layers that OSB is close to plywood in terms of its physical and mechanical properties and is several times superior to chipboard and MDF in terms of properties.
In accordance with OSB board production technology, different types of resins are most often used for the inner and outer layers. Moreover, for the outer layer, an adhesive mixture based on carbamide-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin, while for the inner layer is used urea-formaldehyde resin, but can also be used phenol-formaldehyde resin. Urea-formaldehyde resin, in terms of good adhesion to wood and their low cost, is currently the most demanded product for the woodworking industry. The resin concentration is from 12 to 14% by weight of the original composition. All these resins are highly toxic. But if the first three types of resins, when used in finished chipboard and OSB boards, are released into the indoor air formaldehyde And methanol, which are related to highly toxic substances and are present in indoor air in concentrations significantly exceeding the maximum allowable daily average concentrations for atmospheric air and indoor air (MPC). That is phenol-formaldehyde the resin also exudes phenol.
SOURCES AND REASONS FOR THE PERMANENT RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM WOOD AND PLATE MATERIALS
Residual formaldehyde in formaldehyde resins.
In the synthesis of formaldehyde resins, the polycondensation of formaldehyde with urea does not go to completion. and stops at the stage of equilibrium, in which formaldehyde resin as a commercial product contains 0.1..0.5% mass parts of formaldehyde. In the manufacture wood-based materials, residual formaldehyde is sorbed on wood particles and released into the environment during operation.
The situation with residual formaldehyde is also aggravated by the fact that both in the original formalin and in the "concentrates" containing an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and urea, part of the formaldehyde is not contained in a free form, but in the form of oligomeric compounds with water - oligomethylene glycols and not detected conventional methods for the determination of free formaldehyde:
In pressing processes wood-based materials at temperatures from 160°C to 175°C, these oligomers are destroyed and release free formaldehyde, which also enters the mass of wood-based material.
Cleavage of free formaldehyde from cured formaldehyde resin during the manufacturing process.
In accordance with the literature data, cured formaldehyde resin is prone to thermal degradation and, starting from a temperature of 155°C (according to other sources, 135°C), free formaldehyde is actively eliminated due to the destruction of methylol groups. and methylene ether connections. At the same time, as mentioned above, temperature regime pressing of wood-based materials lies in the range of 160°..175°С, and in the surface layers of the material adjacent to the press plates, cured formaldehyde resins intensively split off formaldehyde.
Continuous release of formaldehyde during operation.
In addition to the above factors leading to the release of formaldehyde, it is very important to note that under normal operating conditions, cured formaldehyde resins constantly split off formaldehyde due to the decomposition of methylol groups and methylene ether connections.
The toxic effect of formaldehyde on the human body
In industry, formaldehyde is produced by the oxidation of methyl alcohol with atmospheric oxygen and the presence of catalysts, so industrial formaldehyde always contains impurities of methyl alcohol.
The admixture of methyl alcohol enhances the toxicity of urea-formaldehyde resins used as a binder in wood-based panels. According to toxicologists, formaldehyde irritates the mucous membranes and skin, has a strong effect on the central nervous system, especially on the visual organs and the retina of the eyes (especially with the combined presence of methyl alcohol). It inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids, disrupts the metabolism of vitamin C, has mutagenic properties, and irritates the upper respiratory tract. The formaldehyde odor perception threshold is in the range of 0.07–0.4 mg/m3.
With any route of entry into the human body, formaldehyde is rapidly and completely absorbed and, in particular, accumulates in the bone marrow. In the body, formaldehyde is converted into formic acid and methanol, this reaction occurs most fully in the liver. Since the mid 1970s in the sanitary and toxicological information began to appear in the literature about carcinogenicity formaldehyde, and as a result, in 2004, formaldehyde was officially recognized as a direct carcinogen and included in the list of carcinogens of the World Health Organization at the United Nations.
In the 80s of the last century, a major scandal erupted in European countries, the USA and the USSR related to the poisoning of people with formaldehyde released from foamed urea-formaldehyde resin, which was used as thermal insulation in low-rise housing construction. It was during this period that the use of housing construction of the specified thermal insulation ("Penoizol"), as well as particle boards and plywood. During this period, the average daily maximum allowable concentration of formaldehyde in the air of populated areas was MACs = 0.003 mg/m3 (previously it was 0.010 mg/m3). This strict norm already took into account the data on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde. In the early 1990s, those countries of Western Europe where great attention is paid to the protection of public health (Germany, Finland, Sweden), the use of formaldehyde-emitting materials in housing construction was prohibited. The use of OSB boards is also prohibited.
In October 2006, at a conference on wooden housing construction, held within the framework of the International Exhibition "Lesdrevmash-2006", a representative of a Finnish house-building company was asked the question: "Are OSB boards used in housing construction in Finland?" The answer was: “OSB boards are produced in Finland and other countries of Western Europe, but they are not used in construction, but are exported to the USA, Canada and Russia!!!
conclusions
In conclusion, it is very important to note that modern studies of OSB board have shown the formaldehyde content in the ambient air at 20°C to be 0.067 mg/m3, i.e. 22 times higher than MPCs!!! And at 40°C, the concentration of formaldehyde in the air was 0.23 mg/m3, i.e. 76 times higher than MPCs!!! At the same time, we note that the studies were conducted not by a random company, but by the Federal State Health Institution "Center for Hygiene and epidemiology" in the Omsk region.
However, it is unacceptable high level release of carcinogenic formaldehyde from OSB boards is not the only environmental hazard. As mentioned above, "Canadian" designs, where between 2 OSB boards contain a polystyrene foam liner with a thickness of 100 to 200 mm. This liner is no less environmentally hazardous than OSB boards, because. emits a substance no less dangerous to humans - styrene. Therefore, houses from such structures cannot be called anything other than "gas chambers for people."
P.S. An abridged article by V.V. Maltsev, Deputy gene. science director JSC "Giprolesprom", Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Interested in the opinion of the interested community and assessment of market prospects, if research data is reflected in legislative acts, and OSB-plate will indeed fall under the ban in housing construction, at least for internal structures.
The health hazards of such an actual building material as OSB boards have been discussed for a long time. This is due to the production technology, which involves the use of special synthetic resins for the polymerization of layers. It is they, according to some researchers, that are the source of toxic substances, which, according to measurements in the premises, exceed the permissible limits.
It should be noted that OSB boards are not only a structural material from which partitions and cladding can be made, but are also often used to make furniture. European manufacturers that comply with the E1 environmental protocol claim that the interior decoration of their products is completely safe. Let's look into the details of the technological process and the percentage of toxins that enter the room during the operation of the stoves.
Manufacturing process - what are the potential hazards of synthetic resins
To understand whether commercially available OSB-plates are harmful to health, it is worth understanding the features of production in more detail. The structural rigidity of this type of material is several times greater than that of durable woods. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the products differ in budgetary cost and are made in a significant proportion from natural raw materials. The subject of dispute among specialists is the composition that is used to polymerize chips.
Each OSB plate is a multilayer structure. The direction of the chip mass in one layer is perpendicular to the direction of the other layer. Due to this, the material has excellent fracture performance. The use of synthetic resins causes the acquisition of "additional" rigidity by oriented strand materials, as well as "zero" bioavailability. OSB is not affected by fungus, mold and insects.
These qualities, along with affordable cost, have made these boards the leaders of the modern construction market, especially frame and private housing construction. Sheets are used for the construction of reliable structures, used as formwork in SIP panels. Used for outdoor purposes special types resins for moisture resistance.
OSB production is based on the following polymers:
- melamine formaldehyde synthetic wax used to bond the outer layers;
- urea-formaldehyde resin used for the inner layers of the board.
Some manufacturers use phenol-formaldehydes in their production, which in theory, along with formaldehydes, emit toxic phenol. These substances were part of the EAF of the USSR period, now this technology has been completely changed, it also corresponds modern requirements environmental safety.
What is melamine, urea and phenol formaldehyde?
The principle of "work" of synthetic resins included in OSB consists in the high adhesive qualities of the adhesive and its subsequent irreversible polymerization (transition from a fluid to a solid state). Modern polymers have a structure that is indestructible by conventional methods, this quality is called cohesive strength. In the "correct" composition of OSB adhesive, the board does not change its characteristics when exposed to temperature or the addition of solvents. It is this quality that makes it possible to achieve water resistance of the polymer adhesive and the resulting product.
When individual components interact, for example, phenol and formaldehyde, low-molecular structures are formed - resols, which, during polymerization, change their structure from a linear (branched) to a spatial one resembling a crystal lattice. The process of glue thickening includes a gradual transition of resols into resitols with a rare spatial lattice, then into resites having a spatial network with frequent molecular connections (polymers).
Thus, phenols, formaldehyde, urea, melamine in the composition of the resin are not only in a state bound by a chemical compound, but also have a spatial structure. The release of pure substances from the spatial lattice is difficult, and when the formulation is improved, it is minimized to the maximum. In the free state, the substances that make up the synthetic resin also have limited toxicity. Taken together, one cannot even theoretically assume that OSB boards are harmful to health.
Melamine - is widely used in the production of resins and tannins, the carcinogenic properties of melamine-formaldehyde resins are minimal, the substance is allowed for the manufacture of food utensils. Some toxicity is observed in pure melamine, sponges for domestic use are produced on its basis, they are not used for washing dishes. The toxicity of melamine is low, but the use of products containing it is not recommended.
Urea is a substance widely used in agriculture, cosmetics, and industry. Urea is found in the human body and is involved in cellular metabolism. When used in the production of OSB boards, it gives the layers increased adhesive properties, which contribute to the establishment of strong joints in multilayer structures.
Phenol is a substance that has increased toxicity to humans and environment. Wherein necessary for man the amino acid tyrosine is also a derivative of phenol. The toxicity of this substance decreases with the formation of stable chemical compounds. It is used in the production of polycarbonate, epoxy paints and resins. In the process of hydrogenation, it becomes nylon and nylon. It is used to disinfect animals and is included in cosmetics, medicines as a preservative. In case of poisoning, significant amounts are absorbed through the skin and cause paralysis of the respiratory center.
Formaldehyde is part of many solvents, including technical formalin. It is used in agriculture for fumigation of grain before winter storage and transportation. Used in the food and cosmetic industry as a preservative, registered under the food code E240. Safe at 0.5%, used in antiperspirant products. In the amount of 0.05%, it is freely used in the food and cosmetic industry for the disinfection of formulations. Shows toxicity only in contact with human skin in excess volumes.
From the above characteristics, it becomes clear that the toxic effect on the human body of the resins that make up the OSB is extremely small. This is confirmed by the hygienic certificates of the Russian Federation for products, which are received by large factories in order to supply them to the market of the Russian Federation. OSB boards from European and American manufacturers have passed the so-called "children's" certification.
However, the assumption that OSB is completely safe for adults and children does not apply to products with dubious origin and fake quality certificates, which is typical for many Asian manufacturers. If there are doubts about the quality of the OSB board and the manufacturer's compliance with environmental safety standards, it is better to use such products for exterior decoration.
Manufacturer warranties and studies
If you read negative reviews about using OSB products, look at the manufacturer of the board. According to Egger's computer analysis, no formaldehyde emission from finished boards can be detected by high-precision instruments after complete polymerization of the adhesive. According to US regulations (one of the most stringent current standards), SIP panels can emit up to 0.1 ppm (10-6, one millionth) of formaldehyde. This indicator is several orders of magnitude less than the permissible safe concentration.
According to the European OSB standards, the boards comply with the safety standards of the E1 protocol, which allows emission up to 0.1 ppm. For comparison, plywood belongs to the E2 class. From OSB-boards, made according to the E1 standard, it is allowed to make children's furniture.
According to studies, OSB-3 boards emit formaldehyde in the same volume as wood. According to internal factory requirements, Kronospan OSB board, Egger can emit up to 0.03 ppm, conditionally corresponding to the non-existent E0 standard.
If you have any doubts about the quality or supply of the selected product, ask about the quality certificates and the manufacturer's studies in the field of environmental safety. This will help form the final opinion on the nature of the use of chipboard for interior decoration.
Harmfulness not confirmed
Factories engaged in the production of OSB products are highly equipped computerized industries. At each stage, various parameters are controlled, especially those related to environmental safety. European norms are considered one of the most stringent, and products are tested by research institutes, which guarantee the objectivity of their assessment.
From this we can conclude that OSB, which has stable factory specifications, is completely safe for health and can be used in lining children's rooms and making furniture. If in doubt, ask the manufacturer's certificates and the standards they refer to. European and American manufacturers, as well as their authorized dealers, sell guaranteed safe and high-quality products.
Oriented strand boards are used for exterior and interior repair and construction work. At the same time, disputes about their environmental friendliness and safety for others do not subside. Are OSB panels harmful to human health?
Various sheet materials are produced from technical wood chips, including the so-called oriented strand boards or OSB, by analogy with the English name Oriented Strand Board. Finely planed large-sized chips are mixed with synthetic thermosetting resins, then from a semi-finished product special technology multi-layer products are produced.
Its peculiarity is in the multidirectionality of the layers: each layer is oriented perpendicular to the previous one. Therefore, ready-made OSB boards are resistant to abrasion, pressure, do not delaminate, do not warp, and demonstrate good stability indicators when the temperature or humidity conditions change.
Many buyers already know that the laminate is made from MDF with a density of 750 kg / m 3. For comparison: OSB density varies from 600 to 650 kg/m 3 . That is, particle boards have sufficient mechanical strength and elasticity to withstand significant loads, including support and vibration. In addition to the above, the OSB has the following advantages:
- Ease of handling the material. OSB sheet is easy to cut, saw, plan, apply finishing products (varnishes, paints, putties, wallpaper).
- Wide range of formats and types. OSB is produced in about 12 varieties, including fire-resistant, waterproof, air-tight, structural, load-bearing, and others. The size range is more modest than that of the chipboard competitor, but also not bad: length - from 2.44 to 2.8 m, width - from 0.59 to 1.22 m, thickness - from 6 to 40 mm.
- Low price for particle boards - from 400 rubles / sheet.
OSB is used in:
1. Production of rigid packaging containers, frames.
2. Formwork for the foundation or in monolithic construction.
3. Sheathing of walls from the inside and outside for finishing.
4. Formation of partitions, dividing systems, screens, etc.
5. Production of prefabricated panels for quick construction.
6. Frame construction as the main material in the construction of walls.
7. Alignment of internal enclosing structures: floor, walls, ceiling.
8. Manufacture of furniture or its elements.
Manufacturers don't like to talk about flaws, but that doesn't mean there aren't any. We name three main ones:
- bioresistance. OSB will appeal to rodents, mold, fungi, especially in conditions of high humidity and lack of external protection of the plates.
- Fire hazard. Russian OSB standards refers to 5, a high class of fire hazard. That is, products made from chips are highly combustible (G1), flammable (B3), have a high smoke-generating ability (D3), and combustion products are toxic to humans even in small concentrations (T4).
- Non-environmental friendliness and lack of guarantees for the safety of OSB boards for humans, that is, harm. Let's consider this criterion in more detail.
Can the stove be harmful or not?
As you know, OSB contains binder resins based on formaldehyde compounds, which constantly emit fumes of toxic substances - formaldehyde, and some of phenol, toluene, benzene. All these components, when the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is exceeded, are poison for humans, their harm to health has long been proven.
To protect us from low-quality products, government organizations have developed special documents regulating the harmfulness of materials, tools, and other things used in everyday life. In the Russian Federation, the so-called set of MPCs for each of the toxic compounds has been approved. That is, for example, the content of formaldehyde in the air in the amount of 0.003 mg / m 3 does not adversely affect the health of any person. These standards came from SNiPs and GOSTs drawn up in the USSR.
For reference: OSB began to be produced in Canada in 1982, and in the USSR their production was launched in 1986. A few years later, the USSR Ministry of Health banned boards for use in construction and transport, as there were cases of negative effects of products on human health. Namely - the strongest poisoning with toxic fumes of formaldehyde. The harm was proven, the ban came into effect. It is known that this legislative act is still legally legitimate.
Let's make a reservation right away: how much harm OSB will actually bring today is unknown, since independent full-fledged examinations have not been carried out or the results have not been brought to the attention of the public.
Marking
The EU has adopted the DIN EN120 standard, according to which OSB must be marked according to the emission class:
- E3 - up to 30 mg per 100 g of dry matter;
- E2 - 10-20 mg;
- E1 - up to 10 mg;
- E0 - up to 6.5 mg.
Products belonging to the first group (E3) are products, the use of which will cause obvious harm to a person. OSB is not available in this category.
For domestic use, plates of the following groups are made:
1. E2 - only for external rough work with subsequent finishing or cladding. Health from short-term contact during the installation process will not suffer, and in the future, a possible increase in the concentration of formaldehyde is difficult to notice, since everything will take place on the street, and not inside the house.
2. E1 - suitable for outdoor and indoor rough work. That is, in any case, the OSB plate after installation must be covered with a finishing material without fail. It can be thin-layer plaster, putty, wallpaper, panels and much more. The next condition is a mandatory forced ventilation device. Even if before finishing the room had an increased level of formaldehyde and other substances, after treatment and constant air exchange, this figure will decrease significantly and will not affect health in any way.
3. E0 - all imported products have been labeled this way for several years, since natural binder resins are introduced into the OSB. The harm of OSB decreases many times, but the price of the plates increases, and significantly - by 60-150%. But you must admit, if you are going to live in a house lined with OSB panels, you should not save money - health is more expensive.
How to protect yourself from toxic fumes? It's simple - you must follow the recommendations of manufacturers for the use of materials. Firstly, use chip products strictly for their intended purpose, namely, for rough work.
Secondly, if OSB is used as a finishing coating, then its surface must be treated with something. It can be varnish, water-dispersion or alkyd paint, wax compositions, laminating film and much more. When laminating, do not forget about the ends. To minimize harm, they should be lined with edging tape.
Thirdly, do not allow the temperature inside the premises to rise above +40 °C. It has been proven that the activity of cleavage of formaldehyde compounds and methinol groups sharply increases several times when the temperature threshold is exceeded.
Last but not least, make sure you have good ventilation. If natural is not enough, then it is better to contact engineers or architects to develop an optimal supply and exhaust system. All these measures will help mitigate possible harm OSB on the human body.
OSB boards are made on the basis of natural wood, have a unique appearance thanks to the sun. As a building and finishing material, woodchip panels have some advantages over chipboard and fiberboard.
Manufacturers and sellers claim that OSB does not pose a health hazard, since it emits formaldehyde does not exceed the norm. The substance is present in most building materials, dyes for clothing and even cosmetics. The negative impact of fumes from stoves can be neutralized.
In contact with
What and how OSB panels are made of
There are various names of particle boards on store labels. What characteristics does OSV have, what is it. The English name OSB is pronounced in the Russian way, and each person writes it in familiar letters, as he hears. OSB - decoding of the abbreviation in translation from English means Oriented Strand Board. In fact, long large chips are pressed and glued together. It is oriented not strictly along the axis, but randomly, at an acute angle to the given direction. The inner layer is directed perpendicularly. Due to this, the plate is strong for bending in any direction, withstands heavy loads.
The degree of environmental friendliness of OSB boards is determined by the materials, included in their:
- coniferous wood chips;
- formaldehyde adhesive.
The chips are oriented in layers and impregnated with glue, then pressed with high temperature. The top is laminated or varnished. As a result it turns out yusbi plate, in which the bulk is natural wood.
Pine - resinous tree
Pine grows rapidly, has few knots, waste in the manufacture of boards and timber. Widely used in the construction of houses. Its cost is lower than hardwood.
The wood is impregnated with vegetable resins, which increase stability it against fungus, larvae, moisture. The pleasant smell of the forest remains in the house for a long time.
The vapor permeability of pine is lower than that of deciduous trees - the walls pass air worse and remove moisture to the outside. The material is characterized by increased fire hazard, even raw wood is actively burning. When heated or humidified resin is released in the air - the well-known aroma of the Christmas tree.
Attention: Experts forbid finishing saunas and steam rooms from the inside with coniferous wood.
Formaldehyde - the basis of the glue
Formaldehyde in its pure form is in a gaseous state, it has no color, the element is toxic with a specific strong odor. Formaldehyde gas dissolves easily in acids, alkalis, water, reacts, creating unhealthy compounds such as:
- urea formaldehyde;
- melamine formaldehyde.
During combustion, pure formaldehyde is additionally evaporated. FROM formaldehyde compounds are stable in the temperature range of 80 - 100 degrees. When heated to this temperature, evaporation is negligible, and in a dry OSB room, the stove does not pose any harm to human health.
Polymerization of formaldehyde-based glue takes about six months. After that, the release of harmful substances are significantly reduced..
Advice: Soak building materials with formaldehyde for 6 months, then apply.
Material characteristics
What are the technical characteristics of the osb plate and harmfulness to human body. At present, chips are used for bonding different types resins for outer and inner layer.
On top, carbamide resin is used, which is less dangerous to humans. The inner transverse layer is glued together with urea-formaldehyde resin, which releases various volatile formaldehyde compounds, pure gas and phenol.
USB panels are not inferior to solid wood in terms of technical characteristics. They are easily processed with any tool. Absorb water less than 15% by weight. Linear expansion due to perpendicularly oriented chip fibers in layers, much less than natural material. Strength and hardness are higher. The cost of the material is low, since not wood is used, but scraps.
Wall cladding with osb plate inside allows at the same time insulate the room, reduce the noise level. You can put fasteners in the plates and hang cabinets, shelves, and decor on the walls. A smooth surface is pasted over with wallpaper without pre-treatment, has good adhesion - adhesion to finishing materials, glue. For painting, a smoother surface is needed. The walls must be primed, putty, polished.
OSB produced are divided into 4 groups with different characteristics and application in construction.
According to European and Russian sanitary standards osb allowed 3 in a living room, you can finish the walls, hem the ceiling, lay the floor. The content of harmful substances in the air was determined by the calculation method, based on the amount of harmful substances emitted by a unit of finishing area. Practical measurements were not made.
Danger of osb boards for indoor from deals
Developers are constantly trying to solve the problem, Is OSB harmful? for interior decoration, which is its main danger. Natural wood, like most materials based on it, has one big drawback - flammability. If natural and artificial stone can only crackle at high temperatures. Plastic melts and does not support combustion. Wood burns, especially softwoods.
Enough to ignite electrical wiring or simply strong heating of the cable of powerful electrical equipment .
A fire can be caused by an unextinguished cigarette butt, a spark from a stove or fireplace. When burning WWS panels cause harm to health. If the danger of fire is excluded, a strong emission occurs:
- formaldehyde;
- phenol;
- methyl;
- their connections.
Concentration in several times higher allowable rate. A person in the room experiences instant intoxication - poisoning of the body through the respiratory system. Plus the danger of fire and high temperatures.
Additionally, with increasing humidity, pine resins are released. In small quantities it is a pleasant smell. Increased concentration can cause:
- dizziness;
- shortness of breath
- weakness.
Does OSB cause harm to health, if we take into account the content of individual components in the air. According to sanitary standards, the formaldehyde content does not exceed the permissible limit, phenol is also within the limits, the rest substances are excreted in trace amounts. And all together makes a dangerous cocktail. Inside the living room, evaporation from fabric dyes, furniture finishing, paint, and other items is added. This is about if you drink a glass of wine, a mug of beer, a glass of vodka and 50 grams of cognac. It seems like a little bit of everything, the norm of drinking each drink is not violated, and the result is not good.
How to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in the air
Polymerization of resins based on formaldehyde occurs within 6 months. After that, the emission of harmful substances is significantly reduced. Protect family members living in the future home, possible due to the exposure of the plates on the street.
To do this, they are stacked in a pile, shifting with slats for free air access. Ventilation of a room lined with OSB panels is less efficient - less air access area and ventilation.
Evaporation of resins reduces putty, . A film is created that partially traps fumes and directs them inside the wall.
Specialists have created a detoxifying primer for OSB - Vasilol. A water-based paste, when applied to the surface of the board, absorbs harmful substances released from the OSB. The primer increases adhesion with putty, wallpaper glue. Creates good base for paint. At the same time, the vapor permeability of the walls does not decrease.
When protecting housing from the harmful effects of formaldehyde and phenol, one must remember about the ends and prime them in 2-3 layers. It is advisable to cover the panels on all sides with one layer before installation. Then primed a couple more times. Then there will be a thick enough layer to protect against harmful fumes. At the same time, Vasilol protects OSB from moisture penetration and swelling.
Necessary . In a residential building, the main sources of heat are heaters, stoves, and wiring. The choice between beautiful and practical should be made in favor of the latter. Open wiring will greatly increase safety. In the air, it will warm up less than hidden in the wall.
What is the difference between plywood and OSB
Is plywood harmful to health, because it also contains resins. Plywood is multiple layers glued together. Outside, wood fibers are located along the sheet, internally across and along, depending on the number of layers. The name of plywood comes from the wood of the upper layers:
- birch;
- coniferous;
- alder;
- mixed.
In mixed plywood, the outer veneer is made from different types of wood. The inner layers consist of various woods and are not regulated by the standard. According to the composition, the resin with which plywood is glued is divided into two types:
- FC - urea-formaldehyde;
- PSF - phenol-formaldehyde.
Plywood FC is easy to recognize by the light stripes of glue visible from the end. It is more expensive, not protected swells from moisture, but does not emit harmful substances.
Useful video
Choice of building materials- a personal matter of each developer. You need to know the positive qualities, as well as the harm from cheap and durable boards from wood waste. If necessary, be able to reduce exposure to toxic substances by coating and aging until the resins completely crystallize.
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