City of Paris cinema
... Old metropolitan lively Paris city entered into world history the fact that the famous film shows were held in it by the Lumiere brothers in the distant 1895.
In the 19th century Paris city was the center of world art, since many impressionist painters lived and wrote their works there.
Paris catacombs city
... One of the most famous landmarks of the European Paris city are its catacombs. The total length of all the ancient famous catacombs Paris city is about more than 300 km. However, for modern visitors to the catacombs and tourists, only a small, small part of these gloomy tunnels is open. Total in the catacombs Paris city rests about 6 million people.
It is worth clarifying that the most recent burials of the Parisian catacombs date back to the bloody era of the French Revolution (end of the 18th century), and the earliest burials date back to the Merovingian era (end of the 5th century - mid-8th century), their age exceeds 1200 years. Catacombs Paris city were built in the former, worked out limestone quarries.
Its current structured appearance is the vast catacombs. Paris city acquired 210 years ago, namely in 1809. Then corridors were arranged, which are full of even endless rows of bones, as well as frightening skulls of dead people.
In 2018, the French capital - Paris city, as well as the capital's elite region, Ile-de-France, was visited by a record number of guests - approximately 50 million tourists, 2 million more than in 2017.
History of Paris film
... A remarkable fact is the fact that history of Paris not only doctors of sciences, scientists-historians are interested, but also numerous tourists and even schoolchildren.
V last years about centuries-old, rich different kinds events - history of Paris quite a lot was filmed documentaries, both in Russian and in other common languages.
In July 2019, it became known that by 2024 it is planned to prohibit entry to the center. Paris city tourist buses with diesel engine.
It is worth mentioning that in the ancient Paris city dozens of double-decker buses with tourist groups pass every day. However, these tourist buses stop near the most important and famous monuments and landmarks. Paris city... These stops are for the pick-up and drop-off of numerous passengers.
Recently in the city of Paris restrictions were introduced on the entry into the city center of diesel cars, which were produced before 2000. This limitation is valid from 8 am to 8 pm on weekdays.
City paris heat
... It is worth mentioning that the summer of 2019 in the famous the city of Paris turned out to be very hot. So, at the end of July 2019, the air temperature in the world famous the city of Paris exceeded 42 degrees. Thus, the temperature record was broken, which lasted 72 years, since 1947.
Further, this article talks about history of Paris from ancient times to 2019.
History of Paris. Fire in the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris
... In the evening, on Monday 15.04.2019, a major fire occurred in the world famous Parisian landmark - Notre Dame Cathedral.
The cause of the fire in the famous Notre Dame Cathedral is a fire that happened on the scaffolding that was near the roof of the cathedral.
Fire in Notre Dame Cathedral began in the attic, namely at the base of the spire that designed famous architect Viollet-le-Duc.
It is worth noting that the main part of the old wooden structure that was on fire was a frame, which was built in the period from the XII century to the XIII century from about 1300 oak trees. It is worth noting that there were lead sheets on top, which melted in a flame of fire. For just one hour, the ancient roof of the cathedral, as well as the unique central spire, made of wood, was engulfed in flames. This circumstance led to the collapse of the spire on the vault of the masonry ceiling of this medieval cathedral. Then the roof collapsed Cathedral of Notre Dame... The left tower of the cathedral was seriously damaged by fire.
On Tuesday morning, 16.04.2019, this historic Parisian fire was completely extinguished. In total, approximately 399 firefighters took part in extinguishing this fire.
According to some reports, the restoration of a historical landmark - the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris after this fire will take at least 10 years. It is not for nothing that this fire was called a cultural disaster.
As it becomes clear the fire in Notre Dame cathedral is one of the most significant fires not only in the centuries-old history of Paris, but the whole of France.
Fire in Paris... At the beginning of February 2019 in the elite 16th arrondissement city of Paris, a large-scale fire occurred in a residential building. This 8-storey building was burned through and through. It is worth noting that the extinguishing of the Parisian fire lasted for more than 5 hours.
In liquidation fire in Paris over 30 fire brigades and 250 firefighters participated. The number of victims of the fire in Paris reaches 10 people, including a child. The number of victims fire in Paris exceeds 30 people. Some of the victims are in a rather serious condition. So this fire in paris became the largest in terms of the number of victims since 2005.
Paris fire version - arson
... It is noteworthy that as the main version of the reason fire in Paris the French prosecutor's office is considering arson. So, a woman who lives in this house on fire was detained. It is worth noting that she was detained at the moment when she set fire to a trash can, as well as a car that was parked in the yard.
The suspect woman was drunk; your act law enforcement she explained major quarrel with a neighbor.
History of Paris population
. An interesting fact is that in the ancient European strategically important the city of Paris lived approximately 6 thousand - 10 thousand people. In the historical period from the 5th century to the 6th century, the population Paris city increased to about 15 thousand - 20 thousand people.
After about 600 years, namely in the period from the XII century to the XIII century, the population of the French capital - Paris city already reached 50 thousand - 99 thousand people.
The maximum population for the entire centuries-old history of paris was recorded almost 100 years ago, or rather in 1921. Then the population of Paris reached the figure of approximately 2.9 million people.
Currently directly in the world's most famous romantic the city of Paris about 2.2 million people live, including many foreigners.
16th arrondissement spreads out on the right bank of the Seine River in the southwestern part of the city of Paris. This Parisian arrondissement covers an area of approximately 791 hectares. Interesting that 16th arrondissement famous for the fact that the embassies of more than 90 countries are located here.
Among these numerous embassies is the Russian Embassy in Paris. It is located on the old boulevard Lannes 40-50 (named in 1864).
The nearest metro stations to the Russian Embassy in the city of Paris are: Art. metro Rue de la Pompe (opened in 1922), Porte Dauphine (opened back in 1900). From st. Metro "Rue de la Pompe" to the Russian Embassy in Paris is only 10-11 minutes. walk or you can take bus number 63 just two stops.
It should be noted that the Russian Embassy in the city of Paris open from 9 am to 5 pm (Mon-Fri). While the Russian consulate receives numerous visitors from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.
In the elite 16th arrondissement of the capital of France - city of Paris there is a prestigious, elite lyceum.
Who founded Paris
? As the city-metropolis is considered by historians Paris was founded a rather small Celtic tribe of the Parisians, who lived in this picturesque area hundreds of years before the arrival of the Romans.
Old name of Paris
... The old name of Paris is believed to be Lutetia. Around the middle of the 3rd century BC. e. on the site of the modern small Celtic settlement Lutetia of the Parisian tribe, a city was formed - today's capital of the state.
So, first name of Paris was determined to the city in the middle of the III century BC. e.
The ancient French capital famous throughout the civilized world Paris city got its modern name from the name of the parisian tribe.
How old is Paris? Date of foundation of Paris
... The official date of the founding of Paris historians are considered to be July 8, 52 BC. n. e. Thus, the city of Paris is 2066 years old.
However, the first written mention of the Celtic city of Lutetia is found only in 53 BC. e. in the book of the military leader Julius Caesar about the war with the country of Gaul.
Autumn in Paris
In 52 BC. e. when the ancient Romans tried to approach the city of Lutetia, the Parisian tribe set fire to their city and destroyed the bridges. After that, the Romans left the Cite Island to the Parisians, and they themselves built a new city on the left bank of the Seine River.
In this city, the Romans created their typical infrastructure, they erected an amphitheater, baths, and a forum. For the Roman Empire, this city did not really matter.
After about 550 years, namely in 508, with the arrival of the Franks here, the rule of the Romans ended.
History of Paris in the XII - XII centuries.
Under the French king Philip II Augustus in 1190, the defense of the medieval Paris city: on the right bank of the Seine River was built. And after about 20 years, in 1210, the city wall was erected on the left bank of the river.
Louvre landmark France
... In the same period, on the then western outskirts of the ancient Paris city began to build the Louvre fortress.
Today the Louvre is one of the famous and main attractions of the country of France. Due to the fact that in the city of Paris, as in the whole of France, there are many world famous architectural historical sights; the France Guide service is in great demand. For tourists who bought tours to France, for the most complete and informative acquaintance with the sights of this European country, it will be interesting to listen to the well-prepared stories of the guide, since the guide - the guide is a specialist in conducting excursions to historical places - tourist sites.
The city of Paris - the center of European education
... It should be noted that since the 11th century Paris city becomes one of the main centers of Yeisk education, mainly religious.
In the 13th century, as a result of significant disagreements among university professors, a number of "independent" colleges were opened on the left bank of the Seine (today), which later became the progenitors of the famous Sorbonne University.
In this way, history of paris as a center is about 1000 years old
History of Paris in the XIV century
... In the next, XIV century, the world famous Paris city surrounded by another wall on the right bank of the Seine River, on the site of the current Grands Boulevards. Around the middle of the XIV century, namely in 1345, the construction of the world famous Notre Dame Cathedral was completed.
It is noteworthy that history of paris in the XIV century is characterized by large-scale construction.
During the reign of the French king Louis XIV, his residence moved from the city of Paris to.
Despite this circumstance, Paris city still continued to be the political center of a fairly large Western European country, France, thanks to its constantly growing population, as well as its leading role in the economy of the state.
History of Paris in the 19th century
... In the 19th century, namely in 1844 around Paris city a third fortress is under construction, located on the site of today's ring road.
In addition, in the nearest picturesque surroundings Paris city other fortifications were erected, the length of which reached about 40 km, in which there were 16 military forts.
Remarkable is the fact that then this defensive system was the largest defensive structure in the world.
Hence history of paris the middle of the nineteenth century was marked by fortress walls and military forts.
From all of the above, we can make a logical conclusion that the centuries-old history of paris is very exciting and full of many interesting events.
As you can see by reading this informative article, with its deep enough "roots" history of paris goes back to such a distant era - antiquity, and has a total of more than 2300 years.
It is noteworthy that about 152 years ago, namely back in 1867, in the capital of France the city of Paris the International Perfumery Exhibition was held, where the word "cosmetics" was used for the first time.
Soon thereafter, the "cosmetics industry" began to flourish all over the planet. Today, French cosmetics are recognized as the best in the world, especially escada brand is known especially. Famous French perfumes can be bought in any country.
Paris city pictures
France. Paris
Pont Alexandre III in the city of Paris
Paris. Evening on the bridge
France. Spring in the city of Paris
The famous city of Paris. Isle of Cité
Paris is a dream city, a fairy tale city. But every fairy tale begins somewhere and sometime.
From the "swamp" to the capital
The city with the name Lutetia (Lutetia / Lutece in translation from the Celtic "swamp", "swampy place") was founded in the III century. BC. the parisian tribe, presumably living on the territory of the modern.Merchant Lutetia could not resist Roman attacks, and in the 1st century. BC. control over the city was seized by the legionnaires of Julius Caesar. So Parisia ("the city of the parisians") becomes a Roman polis.
The Roman period of Paris lasts until the end of the 5th century. AD, when the troops of the Frankish king Clovis I invade the territory of the city after a five-year siege. In 508 the city is declared the residence of the king and for the first time becomes the capital of the state.
Middle Ages - Decline and Revival
For 11 centuries, the city was ruled by four dynasties of kings:- V-VIII centuries. - Merovingians;
- VIII-X centuries. - Carolingians;
- X-XIV centuries. - Capetian;
- XIV-XVI centuries. - Valois.
Under the Carolingians, the city lost its status as a capital, and with it its commercial and political significance. In the IX century. the suburban abbeys were ravaged by numerous attacks by the Normans. A long siege, a plague epidemic led to a decrease in population and only thanks to Count Ed of Paris, the city was able to defend its freedom. For indecision in the fight against the Normans, the then reigning Charles III of the Carolingians was deprived of the crown, and in 888 Ed I of the Robertine dynasty ascended the throne.
The rivalry between the Robertine and Carolingian dynasties continued for a whole century, until in 987 Hugo Capet was elected to the throne. So the Capetian came to power.
In their era, the city quickly began to recover: the Great Tower of the Louvre was built, the construction of the Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral began on the Ile de la Cité. A special flourishing of Paris came under Philip II Augustus (1180-1223) of the Capetian dynasty. During his reign, the city was completely transformed: Paris turned into an influential trade, religious and intellectual center Western Europe, securing the status of the capital of a centralized state.
In the XIV century. In the Valois era, the city was revolted by the Parisian merchants - the Parisians for the first time declared themselves a commune. Control over the city was restored by King Charles V. Under him the Bastille was built. During the Hundred Years War, Paris was under the control of British troops for 16 years, was destroyed and lost half of the population and the status of the capital. Religious upheavals in Paris led to the Massacre of Bartholomew on August 24, 1572, during which 30 thousand people died.
In the XVI century. under Francis I, the city forever becomes the capital of France.
Center for revolutions and world fashion
By the end of the 18th century. all of France was engulfed in revolutionary movements. The capture of the Bastille in Paris played a key role in the Great French Revolution, which led to the proclamation of the country as a republic. Behind the external splendor of the French capital of the 18th-19th centuries. an unsightly reality was hidden - the city was mired in poverty, and it is not surprising that in just one century it experienced three revolutions.
Back at the beginning of the 19th century. Paris could significantly change its appearance: Napoleon Bonaparte planned to turn the city into a "capital of capitals", and some restructuring began, but after his abdication, the town-planning project was forgotten. Modern Paris owes its appearance to Baron Haussmann, who was appointed prefect of the city. Instead of intricate back streets, straight wide avenues appeared, the Isle of Cite was almost completely rebuilt.
In the XIX century. the capital of France is becoming not only a trendsetter, but also an influential political and cultural center. In 1870 (Franco-Prussian War) the city withstands a 4-month siege.
Modern paris
Extraordinary rise and economic development is experiencing Paris at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries: the metro was built, world exhibitions are held. Paris is twice trusted to host the Olympic Games (1900 and 1924). At this time, the city became a favorite haven for Russian emigrants.Since 1940, Paris was forced to live according to Berlin time. The city was occupied by German troops: the Wehrmacht and the Gestapo were located here. The city was liberated by the Resistance Movement in August 1944.
Paris experienced another wave of violence in the middle of the 20th century. - student unrest in 1968 led to the resignation of the government and significant changes in society.
Modern Paris combines century-old architecture and ultra-modern skyscrapers, remaining an influential cultural, business and political center of the planet and an unusually romantic fairy tale for lovers.
|
| | |
The territory of Paris was first inhabited by the Celtic Senones, who settled in the Seine region around 250 BC. Paris was founded in the 3rd century BC. Gauls (parisia) who lived on the island of the Seine River during the Roman conquest. History Center Paris is the island of Cité, from which the city originates. Currently, this territory is almost entirely occupied by the Palace of Justice (French Palais de Justice) and Notre Dame de Paris (French Notre Dame de Paris). In ancient times, Paris was called Lutetia or Luteche, which meant "swampy place". Lutetia was renamed Paris in 212 and in 357 CE. the nephew of the emperor Constantine became the ruler, and in 365 he became emperor, but died two years later.
After the invasion of the tribes of the Franks, the rule of the Romans ended. In 508 A.D. Frankish king Clovis I annexed Gaul to his kingdom and made Paris his capital. So Paris became the capital of the Merovingian dynasty of Franks. In 751, after the death of the kings of the Merovingian dynasty, the kings of the Carolingian dynasty came to replace them. In 987, Hugo Capet, Count of Paris, after overthrowing the last Merovingian king, founded a new and long-lasting Carolingian dynasty. From that moment on, Paris began to develop rapidly not only in terms of urban planning, but also as a cultural center. In 1163, Notre Dame Cathedral was built. In 1180, during the reign of Philip Augustus, a number of large buildings were built in Paris, such as the city wall and the Louvre palace. And his grandson Saint Louis ordered the construction of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) on the Ile de la Cité.
In XII and XIII centuries, with the accession to the throne of Philip II Augustus of the Capetian dynasty, who ruled from 1180 to 1223, the city grew significantly. Construction of the Louvre began, several churches were erected, including Notre Dame Cathedral. The Sorbonne University was founded in 1215. A new heyday came during the reign of Saint Louis IX, which lasted from 1226 to 1270.
The civil war began after the assassination of Louis of the Valois dynasty, Duke of Orleans, and in 1420 the British captured Paris. Jeanne d "Arc helped Charles VII of France regain the city in 1429. After that, the city began to grow and beautiful cathedrals and churches were built.
In 1534, Paris was a predominantly Catholic city, but problems began when in 1572 a mob of Catholics killed 3,000 Protestants. King Henry III tried to find a better solution, avoiding this kind of murder, but was refused by the city dwellers, and was killed in May 1588. During the reign of Louis XIII, who became king at the age of 8, power was exercised by Cardinal Richelieu. After the death of Louis XIII, his very young heir Louis XIV took the throne. Unfortunately, he and his family were forced to flee due to an uprising known as the Fronde (a socio-political movement in France 1648-1653), and only returned in 1653. During the reign of King Louis XIV of the Bourbon dynasty, the residence of the king moves from Paris to Versailles. V late XVII I century Paris became a cultural and intellectual center, and during the reign of Louis XVI, Paris also became a center of art, philosophy and science.
The French Revolution began in Paris on July 13, 1789, and the Bastille was taken the next day. Many revolutions happened after that and Paris became a revolutionary city. Royal family took as prisoners and imprisoned in the Tuileries prison. They tried to free themselves on June 20, 1791, but were detained as prisoners. On August 10, 1792, they were rescued by a mob that attacked the Tuileries. Rule now passed to the radical Commune of Paris under the leadership of Georges Danton, Marat and Robespierre. On September 22, 1792, "The first day of the first year of the French Republic", the monarchy was abolished. But the bloodiest part of the revolution was the construction of the guillotine, where the Place de la Concorde is currently located, and was first used to execute Louis XVI, and after him Marie Antoinette, in October 1793.
In 1800, Napoleon was proclaimed the first consul, and under his rule Paris gained military power, and in May 1804 Napoleon declared himself emperor. He fought with the British, Austrians and Russians, but, unfortunately, was defeated by the Russians and Austrians. Paris was captured on March 31, 1814. This was the first time that the city was conquered by a foreign army.
On July 25, 1830, Charles X (1824-1830) dissolved the Chamber of Deputies and limited the privileges of voting on the lands of the nobility, but he was forced to abdicate some time later and was replaced by Louis-Philippe.
The Industrial Revolution in Paris meant more population growth than any other city in France. Third largest city in the world, Paris began to grow not only in population, but also in the construction of monumental buildings such as the Arc de Triomphe and the Duomo. In 1831, a cholera epidemic reduced the population from 900,000 to 19,000.
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, nephew of the late emperor, was elected in 1848 and also declared himself emperor Napoleon III. Emperor Napoleon III, having conceived a complete restructuring of the city, significantly modernized Paris. A turning point in the history of Paris was the establishment of the Second French Republic in 1852. From 1850 to 1914, Paris experienced the greatest upsurge in its development.
In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War ended with the siege of Paris. After leaving German troops, Parisian radicals established the Paris Commune, which ceased to exist in 1871. Thanks to the economic prosperity of France, Paris quickly recovered after 1871. After the terrible Third French Republic, a new time came for Paris and the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889, the Moulin Rouge was famous for its shows and the metro system was introduced in 1900.
In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Paris gained further prominence for many cultural greatest achievements: a play by Moliere, Racine, and Corneille; music by Lully, Rameau and Gluck; paintings by Watteau, Fragonard and Bucher; and the halls where numerous philosophers of the Enlightenment gathered. The world exhibition, timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution, ended with the construction of the Eiffel Tower, which was the tallest building in the world until 1930.
During the First World War, Paris managed to avoid the German invasion. After the war, Paris began to attract an increasing number of people from all over the world, becoming the capital of cultural and artistic life. During the Second World War, the Germans still captured the city. Paris is one of the few cities in Europe that was almost not destroyed by the war, keeping the architecture of the 19th century intact. Thanks to this, in the architecture of the city, you can find many interesting structures that have not lost their former beauty. In the post-war period, Paris was again on the rise of development.
In early 1968, Paris was the scene of major riots such as a student strike. In 1971, the famous central market in Paris was liquidated, and now a new hub of the Paris Metro is located on this site. In 1977, the Georges Pompidou National Center for Art and Culture was built, which includes National Museum contemporary art.
In 1981, François Mitterrand was elected president, and there were some changes in the politics and appearance of the city. The Louvre was redesigned and the famous glass pyramid built, and the Opera Bastille and the National Library of France were also built. In 2001, Bertrand Delanoe was elected, the first mayor to recognize himself as gay. Delanoe's last significant building is the southern Boulevard of the Marshals. In 1992, Eurodisney was built in the suburbs of Paris, and the Louvre was also restored.
Copyright: Ekaterina Vasilieva, 2007-2016. Reprinting of site materials is prohibited
The history of Paris, like the history of all of France, is extremely interesting and full of dramatic stories and great victories. Over its more than four centuries of history, the city has repeatedly been invaded by various conquerors, but it only became stronger and more majestic, turning into one of the most significant centers of European civilization.
The beginning of the story
Ancient Paris dates back to the 3rd century. BC, when in Gaul, on the site of the modern Celtic tribe of the Parisians, they founded a city called Lutetia (from Lat. "marshland"). Located at the crossroads of important trade routes from the British Isles to Mediterranean Lutetia developed rapidly, representing a welcome prey for the burgeoning Roman Empire. In 52 BC. after exhausting battles, the attacking army of Julius Caesar captured the city, destroyed and burned by the inhabitants. The first mention of the city in the composition of Julius Caesar "Notes on the Gallic War" dates back to this time. The official date of the founding of Paris is July 8, 52 BC. and in 1952 he celebrated 2000 years.
The Romans quickly restored the conquered but destroyed Lutetia, populating Cité and the left bank of the Seine. The construction of temples, villas, baths, bridges and an aqueduct began, paved roads were laid. The ruins of public baths and gladiator's arenas can still be seen in. The beginning of the IV century. was marked for the city by the wide spread of Christianity. Lutetia, called Paris (the city of the paris), finally changed its name and began to be called Paris.
https://youtu.be/G0pWemkl8yE
Invasions of the Franks and Normans
In 508, Gaul was conquered by the Frankish king Clovis, making Paris the capital of the Merovingian kingdom. In the middle of the VI century. the first Christian church in Paris is being built, on the site of which Notre Dame Cathedral was erected 100 years later.
The Merovingian dynasty was replaced by the Carolingians, during which the center of the empire shifted to the east, and Paris was gradually emptied and destroyed. During this period, there was a repeated attack by the Vikings on Paris, and the inhabitants each time had to look for protection on the island, where the fortress walls were built. The Vikings (Normans) spread fear and destruction everywhere, ravaging cities and monasteries. And in 845 the city's defenses could not withstand the siege of the Vikings, and on Easter day the Normans seized Paris.
History of Paris
The first centuries of the city's life
The history of Paris is rich and complex. This is the history of the city itself and the history of the people who lived in it, loved it and transformed it.
The chronology of Paris is from 53 BC. e. The Gauls from the Parisian tribe founded a small settlement on the island of one river Seine. The island today is called Ile de la Cité, it is the cradle of Paris.
The first lines in love about Paris were written by the emperor Julian, who lived in Lutetia (as the Romans called modern Paris), in 358–361. n. e. For him, it was "beloved Lutetia." In the description of the city, given by Julian, lyric notes come through. “Beloved Lutetia,” he wrote, “is the capital of the Celtic Parician tribe. The small island is surrounded by fortified walls and connected to the river banks by wooden bridges. In summer and winter, the river remains at about the same level.
It is believed that the original name of the city, Lutetia, was probably derived from the Celtic “luco» or "lugo" which meant "marshland", but this word can be translated as "dwelling surrounded by water." It is no coincidence that they say that Paris is a gift from the Seine. The river played an important role in the life of the city. At first, it was mainly inhabited by Cité, the largest island on the Seine.
Its water is clean and tasty. Since the population lives on the island, they take water from the river. Winter is rather mild here, perhaps because of the warmth of the ocean, which is nearby ... and the ocean wind blows here too ... There are plenty of grapes in the area, and some residents even manage to grow figs, sheltering them in winter ... to protect them from the cold wind. "
Archaeological finds indicate that the earliest settlements on the territory of Paris appeared about 700,000 years ago. In 1991-1992, several uncovered canoes over five meters long, dating from about 4500 BC, were found two kilometers upstream of the Ile de Cité in Bercy. e. The antiquities found have been preserved in the river mud.
The first settlers of this area did not cultivate the land and lived by hunting. After the transition to a sedentary lifestyle, they preferred cattle breeding, but also cultivated grain. During the time of Julius Caesar, many tribes continued to practice slash farming, moving their sites to the lands reclaimed from the forest.
Under the Romans, the city was built according to the classical Roman model: a network of well-planned streets that surrounded one main street, stretching from north to south (modern rue Saint-Jacques). The main street was built quickly, but the construction of smaller streets was delayed. For example, the construction of the main building of the Isle of Cité - the residence of the emperor - was completed only in the 4th century.
Conciergerie on the Ile de la Cité - the oldest prison in Paris
Almost all of Roman Lutetia was located on the left bank of the Seine (this is the fifth arrondissement of modern Paris). Residential areas of the city stretched from the east from the current rue Mouffetard, to the rue Vaugirard in the west, from the boulevard Saint-Germain, where the coast was not so swampy, to the top of the hill of Saint Genevieve. On a hill not far from today's Pantheon, there was a building with galleries, which united the forum, the residence, and the temple.
There were three cemeteries on the outskirts: one along the road to the southeast, near today's rue Vaugirard, another at the rue Saint-Jacques, closer to the Cathedral of Notre Dame, and a third, and at the latest, in the southeast at the Tapestry junction. The impressive aqueduct that fed the city with water began in the Rungis region and stretched as far as Bièvre.
The Arenas of Lutetia, located near Rue Monge in the 5th arrondissement, were discovered in 1869-1870 by the archaeologist Theodore Wacker. Amphitheater, built around 200 AD e., is one of the largest in France. It was designed for 15,000 people, which was twice the population of the city at that time.
This outstanding architectural landmark faces west so that spectators, seated on benches, can enjoy views of the Bièvre River Valley. The arenas hosted animal fights, gladiator fights and water competitions.
To supply the city with water, an aqueduct with a length of 26 km was built, most of which passed underground. It was built taking into account the peculiarities of the terrain, so the aqueduct did not pass strictly in a straight line from the source to the city, but along a trajectory corresponding to the landscape. Only in the valley of the Bièvre River did the aqueduct pass above the ground, becoming a bridge structure.
Baths were built in the city. So far, three large baths have been discovered. The Baths of Cluny stand to this day; even a convex roof has been preserved in one of the halls. This is one of the best preserved Roman buildings. The largest building stood near the Collège de France in the Latin Quarter. A third bathing facility was discovered south of the forum.
Over time, Lutetia became a strategically important point, around it began to cultivate grapes and produce wine. In 360, the troops declared Julian emperor, and this affected the future of the city, which, probably at this time, began to be called Paris. The practice of calling cities by tribal names led to the fact that the "city of the Parisians" turned into Paris. By the end of the century, the name became familiar and did not change again.
Paris received not only a new name, but also a new destiny. He had his own saints and his patrons.
The first saint was Dionysius of Paris, the first bishop of Paris. According to legend, Dionysius preached in Western countries, in Rome, and then in Germany and Spain. In Gaul, during the persecution of Christians by the pagan authorities,
Dionysius was captured and thrown into prison.
At night Saint Dionysius celebrated the Divine Liturgy. In the morning he was beheaded on the Parisian mountain of Montmartre. But Saint Dionysius took his head, marched with her to the church, and only there fell dead.
According to legend, Dionysius is none other than Dionysius the Areopagite, which is mentioned in the book of the Acts of the Apostles. Orthodox Church commemorates the memory of Saint Dionysius on October 3 (October 16, new style). The day of his memory is celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church on October 9.
Saint Dionysius with his own head in his hands - sculpture on the portal of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris
Paris has other saints too. In the 5th century Paris was under the threat of an attack by the Huns led by Attila. Young Christian Genevieve became a symbol of the city's struggle against hordes of barbarians. Her contemporaries recalled how, under the threat of the invasion of Attila's troops, the rulers of the city called for a mass exodus, but Genevieve called for the protection of the city and predicted that Paris would be saved. Attila's troops actually retreated from Paris and were defeated by Aetius at Troyes and Chaillot. Later, Genevieve was involved in negotiations with the armies of the Franks, and then transported grain from Troyes in the 470s to help fight the famine that began with the siege of the Franks. It is very likely that Genevieve also played a role in the conversion to Christianity of the new Merovingian dynasty. She won the respect of the city with her generosity, impeccable morality and fiery faith.
Monument to Saint Genevieve
In 460, Genevieve built a church over the grave of St. Dionysius, at which King Dagobert I later founded the Abbey of Saint Denis. Saint Genevieve lived an unusually long life for those times, and after her death she began to be considered the patron saint of Paris. Her relics were the object of veneration. During enemy invasions, epidemics and others natural disaster the shrine with the relics of Saint Genevieve was carried through the Parisian streets, they prayed to her, asking for help.
This text is an introductory fragment.
Loading ...