Brown bear - large predator, unusually strong and, of course, dangerous to humans. There is a high probability of conflict situations when a person and a bear meet. One must always remember that in places where bears are found, such a meeting can occur at any time and in any place, and one must be mentally prepared for this. The instruction on the rules of conduct when meeting with a bear is designed to help avoid such situations, and if they occur, to minimize the negative consequences.
REMEMBER: The best way to prevent conflict when meeting with a bear is to avoid meeting with him!
Not without reason, even in the instructions for survival in extreme conditions, used in the preparation of sabotage groups consisting of commando cutthroats, it is always especially emphasized: NEVER DEAL WITH BEARS!
If you are in an area where bears live
When moving, keep mainly to open places and light forests, where the approach of the beast can be noticed in advance and taken necessary measures to scare or otherwise protect yourself from a possible attack.
Avoid a long journey through dense thickets of dwarf cedar, alder and willow in places where bears may be concentrated.
While moving through the taiga and tundra, it is desirable do not use bear trails. Also follows avoid moving along the banks of salmon rivers and along spawning grounds at dusk and dawn, as well as at night. Remember: night is bear time!
If in the spring, when there is still snow, you come across brown bear footprint, turn back or try to get around the place of the alleged location of the beast in open places. The bear does not make long transitions in deep snow, so the track encountered, even if it is quite old, is a good indicator of its presence in the immediate vicinity.
To reduce the chance of a bear attack, don't go out alone. The probability of aggression of the beast in relation to a group of people is much lower.
When meeting with brown bear try not to panic and leave unnoticed. Do not run under any circumstances! Remember that the bear has an unusually sensitive sense of smell, so when leaving, you must take into account the direction of the wind.
If the beast noticed you and did not take flight, but, on the contrary, shows curiosity, you should try to drive it away with a cry, a rocket, a shot in the air.
When you meet a bear closely, do not look him in the eye. intently. For any wild animal, a gaze is a sign of an impending attack. He may attack in order, he believes, to prevent an attack from you.
If you see a bear from a car window
Enjoy the view! Take a few pictures for memory, but by no means don't get out of the car. Don't try to feed the bear.
Remember: by teaching him to beg, you are signing his death warrant! Don't stay too long, move on.
What to do with garbage and waste?
Brown bears are desperate gluttons and gourmets. In order for bears and humans to coexist safely, there must be no association between bears and human smell. It is almost impossible to wean a scavenger bear from eating food leftovers from a person’s table: losing fear, as a rule, it becomes a marauder and a killer.
To avoid the tragic consequences of changing the feeding behavior of bears, one must always adhere to the principle: for a bear - forest and forest food, for a man - a home and his own table.
Do not create around settlements, fishing grounds, bases and camps, field parties, detachments, tourist groups, on halts and routes of garbage dumps, dumps, warehouses of food waste that contribute to the concentration of animals. Bears have a well-developed sense of smell and easily detect and dig up even organic remains buried at a considerable depth. Food waste is recommended to be taken out (if it is impossible to dispose of them) at a considerable distance from housing. The dump site must be clearly marked with signs and warned about. locals. If garbage disposal is not possible, food waste should be destroyed - burned or drowned.
Do not store food and rations in places that are easily accessible for looting: in unguarded linen tents, bags and boxes under open sky. Packaging should prevent easy access to the contents: iron fuel drums with cut-out bottoms, which are then screwed on with wire, as well as boxes made of strong boards, edged with iron tape, are best suited. At the same time, it is desirable to lift barrels and boxes onto specially constructed scaffolds (storehouses) or onto tree branches and fix them there. It is recommended to clean the poles of the storehouse or the trunk of a tree from branches to a height of up to 4 m and, if possible, wrap it with barbed wire.
Do not leave food and food waste near your home or camp accessible to wild animals. This is deadly. Cleanliness and lack of garbage dumps will save you from unwanted visits!
If you unexpectedly meet a bear
Attention! If a brown bear is interested in you, you need to be ready to repel its possible attack.
Contrary to popular belief, bear standing on its hind legs, not aggressive. He simply rises in order to take a good look at the surrounding area and see for himself what his good sense of smell and keen hearing have already told him. Most often, bears are found in places where they, like people, are busy getting food, i.e. fishing, hunting and berry picking. In berry fields, bears tend to behave more calmly and do not defend territories, especially if there are a lot of berries. In most cases, you won't even be aware of its presence, because the sense of smell and hearing will warn the bear of your approach, and it will leave the place.
A place convenient for fishing, the bear is much more reluctant to leave- especially if he has already managed to catch fish. Unfortunately, in excitement and behind the sound of water, the beast may not notice your approach. Therefore, in order to avoid an unwanted meeting, make your movement loud enough. Speak loudly, whistle your favorite tune, tap the trees and bushes with a stick. However, if you do see a bear, then, if possible, leave unnoticed by him. And if he notices you, then calmly retreat. Remember that an unexpected and close (less than 5-7 m) meeting with a bear often provokes the beast to attack. Therefore, it is better to avoid such meetings, obviously notifying the bear of your approach.
The role of dogs when encountering bears is ambiguous. On the one hand, an untrained dog, having found a she-bear with cubs, may rush in your direction in search of protection, thereby provoking the she-bear to attack you. On the other hand, the dog accompanying you will always warn you about the presence of a wild animal nearby, and if necessary, by barking and biting, it will divert the bear's aggression to itself, allowing you to leave.
If you see a bear sleeping or eating prey
No wonder they say: do not wake famously! Do not try to wake the clubfoot - let him sleep. You should not linger for observations and photographs, no matter how comical a sleeping bear may seem to you. Quietly leave this place.
If you suddenly ran into a bear at prey First of all, stay calm! Show the bear that you didn't come here to steal his food. Stand up straight and make your presence known by speaking loudly. Leave slowly and carefully the same way you came. In this case, it is better not to turn your back on the beast. Keep him in sight and be prepared for the fact that at any moment he can show aggression. But in no case do not run while you remain in the field of view of the animal!
In such cases, the development of the situation strongly depends on the distance. If the distance is small, then the bear, disturbed on prey, in most cases goes on the attack!
If you meet a group of bears
No matter how undesirable it is for you to meet a single bear on the trail, even more undesirable is a meeting with a group of these animals. The fact is that bears usually form groups in three cases:
- during the race;
- during the period when the female walks with her own cubs;
- when young animals, driven away by the female for independent living, continue to walk in pairs for some time.
Unlike most large animals, The bears' rut takes place in the spring - almost from the moment they leave the den and until the beginning of July. Bears during the rut are vicious, irritable and capable of completely unprovoked aggressive actions. And this applies to animals of both sexes. But large males during this period sometimes behave defiantly aggressively. They are ready to attack any large moving object, and are often not limited to demonstrations. However, the male first of all reacts to the behavior of the female, and in case of her departure, retreats after her.
The least dangerous to deal with young inexperienced animals. This does not mean that they will definitely not attack you if they are very close. Moreover, it is precisely such, young and inexperienced animals that have not learned to be afraid of humans that often turn out to be the destroyers of the camps. And this is facilitated just by the feeling that they are not alone - the actions of one bear only provoke another - like underage hooligans in a gang.
If you find a curious teddy bear
The best thing to do is to leave as soon as possible. Do not take pictures of it, in any case do not try to touch it. This is a wild animal, not a plush toy! Do not forget that the mother, most likely, is nearby and is not disposed to jokes in relation to her child.
Protecting the bear cub, the bear will not scare you - she will try to kill you.
If you met a bear on a hunt (not a bear)
A hunter who moves quietly through the grounds exposes himself to a serious risk of an unexpected encounter with a bear. If the bear has not noticed you, then it is better to leave just as quietly. If for some reason this is not possible, clap your hands or make some noise to the animal. In this situation, a shot in the air helps a lot.. But it is in the air - the fact that you have a weapon in your hands does not mean that you can and should shoot at a bear.
Shooting at an animal in such a situation is the most stupid thing you can do. Almost all accidents happen when the animal is injured.
If a bear approaches you
If the bear began to approach you, then this does not mean aggression on his part. Bears are weak-sighted and often the beast is suitable just to consider an incomprehensible silhouette. Sometimes they come downwind to smell you. As a rule, these approaches end with the bear quickly moving away as soon as it realizes that a person is in front of it.
You can drive away a bear approaching or stubbornly following you at a distance loud and harsh sounds- for example, by hitting a mug on a bowler hat, or better on a metal basin. Flares and rocket launcher It is a very effective bear deterrent. You can shoot in the air. good remedy are caustic pepper sprays. Unfortunately, they are effective at a very small distance and only in the absence of strong winds.
Attention! Only special concentrated aerosols based on pepper are effective against bears. Any other formulations (CS, CN, etc.), as well as low concentration pepper formulations designed for defense against humans, have almost no effect on large predators.
You need to know that the bear is usually also not sure of the need to attack - he is afraid of you. Even throws in your direction are most often an imitation of an attack, designed to force you to leave. Do not show signs of aggression towards the bear Do not throw stones or sticks at him. Move away from this place slowly and never run!
Remember: a wounded bear is deadly. Until the last opportunity, refrain from shooting at the bear!
If this does not help and the bear attacks
If you are unarmed or have low-powered weapons, then the best thing to do is to try to distract the bear's attention. Put something in front of you: a basket of berries, a backpack, a net, other fishing tackle. If you have a balloon with a pepper composition, then spray it in front of the bear's muzzle, it is advisable to direct the jet into the eyes and mouth of the beast. If you failed to distract the bear, and you don’t have a balloon, then lie down on the ground in a fetal position or on your stomach. Close your hands around your neck and protect your head. Play dead. Many cases are known when attacking bears lost all interest in a motionless person. Don't move even if the bear doesn't seem to be looking at you or if it's moving away. He continues to watch you closely. Better to wait until he really leaves. This will happen the sooner the more still you are. This way you seem less dangerous to him, which means that you evoke a response from him to a lesser extent.
If, despite all these measures, the bear starts to wag or gnaw at you, then fight back. Do not be afraid of pain, at this moment you will not feel it. The main thing is to save your life, and for this you need to stop the attack of the bear. Try to hit him as hard as you can. Do not count on a fatal blow, hit in the eyes. If you have a knife - hit with a knife, aim for the eye. The main thing to remember is that in the most seemingly desperate situation there is a chance, albeit a small one, and your life depends on how you manage this chance.
if you have firearms, then do not rush to use it. It is necessary to know for certain that to defend against a bear, you can only use weapons that can stop the attacking beast. To do this, it must have sufficient power. Carabiners of calibers 7.62X51 (.308Win.), 7.62X54R, 7.62X63 (30_06 Sprng), 8X57 are considered the minimum acceptable for this purpose from those common in Russia. Any carbine caliber 9mm or larger is much preferable in this situation. It is desirable that the cartridges are equipped with heavy expansion bullets. Perfectly proven in such cases, smooth-bore guns with a caliber of at least 16 and 12, loaded with heavy caliber bullets. Do not believe the fairy tales that a bear can be killed from small things. Using the wrong weapon can only aggravate the conflict situation, and not save you.
Remember: a shot is the most extreme measure during an encounter with a brown bear. In this case, only weapons of suitable power can be used.
It is preferable to shoot an attacking bear at the shortest distance - no more than five meters, when the chances of missing it are minimized. Never shoot an attacking beast in the head. Try to keep cool.
Remember: coolness will save your life!
This manual is based on the brochure prepared by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) "Brown Bear and Man: How to Survive Together".
Previously on Bear and Security:
How to behave when meeting a bear.
The bear (Brown bear) inhabits the entire Urals, the Northern Urals, the Subpolar Urals and the Polar Urals.
The brown bear is the largest predator living in the Ural taiga. Its weight can exceed 600 kg. Powerful forelimbs, equipped with long claws, have great destructive power - with a blow of the front paw, the bear is able to break the backbone, tear out the ribs or break the skull bones of the moose. With its teeth, a bear can bite through the trunks of a smoothbore gun.
With apparent massiveness, the bear is a very "agile" animal. In a jerk, it reaches a speed of 60 km / h, and from a standstill.
On the lower part of the paws, the bear has peculiar calloused formations. These calluses leave footprints on the ground that are characteristic only of a bear. The complete imprint of the hind foot somewhat resembles that of a human foot. The color of the fur varies widely from black to straw-red.
There are a lot of bears in the subpolar Urals. Especially along the river banks. This is his country. his hunting grounds. And there is only one owner here - BEAR. We are visiting him, do not forget about it. If you are traveling alone through the domain of a bear, and even more so along the river bank, where there is a lot of willow, let us know about you. Especially where the landscape or vegetation makes it difficult to see. Make noise, sing, talk loudly, or tie a bell to your backpack. If possible, travel with a group. Groups make more noise and are easier for bears to recognize. Avoid dense bushes. If you can't, then try to walk so that the wind blows from your back, and the bear can smell you. Contrary to popular belief, bears see almost as well as humans, but trust their noses more than their eyes or ears. Always let the bear know you are here.
Like people, bears use paths and roads. Don't pitch your tent near a path they can walk on. Go around those places where you smell dead fish, an animal, or see animals that feed on carrion. There may also be bear food, and if it is nearby, it can aggressively defend the hiding place (nick). As a rule, in such places, a bear has a rookery - lying down.
Don't push the bears!
Give the bear as much free space as possible. Some bears are more tolerant than others, but each bear has its own "personal space" - the distance within which the bear feels threatened. If you are in this zone, the bear may react aggressively. When photographing bears, use telephoto lenses; approaching for close-up shots, you may be in this danger zone.
Bears are always looking for something to eat!
Bears only have 7 months to accumulate fat before a long hibernation. Don't let them know that human food or garbage is easy prey. It is foolish and dangerous to feed bears, or to leave food or garbage to attract them.
Cook food away from your tent. Keep all groceries and food away from the camp. Hang food so that the bear cannot reach it. If there are no trees, store food in airtight or special containers. Remember that dogs and their food can also attract bears.
Keep the camp clean. Wash dishes. Don't use strong smelling foods like bacon or smoked fish. Don't let your clothes smell like food. Burn garbage at the stake, burn cans. Bears are equally attracted to food and trash, so handle them properly. Waste disposal is a waste of time. Bears have a keen sense of smell and are good at digging.
If a bear approaches you while fishing, stop fishing. If there is a fish on the line, do not let it splash. If this is not possible, cut the line. If the bear realizes that he can get the fish only by approaching the fisherman, he will return again. A bear can also mistake you for another bear - a stranger that hunts (fishes) in its territory and reacts very aggressively.
Close encounters with a bear. What to do?
If you see a bear, try to get away from it. Give the bear every opportunity to avoid meeting you. If you encounter a bear, stay calm. Attacks are rare. There is a chance you are not in danger. Most bears (she-bears) are interested in protecting their food, cubs or their personal space. When the threat has passed, they will pass by.
Let me know!
Let the bear know that you are a human. Talk to the bear in a normal voice. Wave your hands. Help the bear recognize you. If the bear cannot recognize who you are, it may come closer or stand on its hind legs to get a better look or sniff. A standing bear is usually curious and not dangerous. You can try to slowly back away diagonally, but if the bear starts to follow you, stop and stay where you are.
Don't run!
Do NOT RUN under any circumstances. You won't be able to run away from the bear. They have been found to run at about 60 km/h and, like dogs, they will chase a fleeing animal or person. This beast takes an animal running from it as a victim, and easily kills in 90% of cases out of 100. Often bears intimidate, terrify, sometimes 3 meters from their enemy, without trying to attack. Keep waving your arms and talking to the bear. If the bear gets too close, raise your voice and become more aggressive. Knock on pots and pans. Use loud instruments. Never imitate a bear's growl or squawk.
If the bear attacks.
If the bear starts to attack, give up! Fall to the ground and pretend to be dead. Lie on your stomach or curl up in a ball with your hands behind your head. It is typical for a bear to stop attacking if it feels that the threat has been eliminated. Stay still for as long as possible. If you move and the bear sees or hears you, it may return and renew its attack. In rare cases, an attacking bear may mistake a person for food.
Protection.
Use weapons with caution as an alternative to a sensible approach to dealing with close encounters with a bear. If you are not experienced with firearms in an emergency, you are more likely to get hurt by a gun than by a bear.
You can shoot a bear ONLY for the purpose of self-defense during an attack, if you did not provoke the attack, and if there is no other way out. In all other cases, a warning shot must be fired into the air to frighten the bear. If you are not a hunter, but a fisherman and you do not have a gun, take a traumatic (gas) pistol with light-noise cartridges with you. It should always be at hand (on the belt in a belt holster, in the bosom, in a body holster). If there is no such thing, ordinary firecrackers or a rocket launcher are quite suitable. On no account leave the camp without a means of guaranteeing, if necessary, a shot or noise clap.
In ordinary life, collisions with people with bears are milder. Usually, whoever is smarter is the first to give way. Bears almost always do this. If the bear does try to get close, 90 percent of the time, a sharp whistle or an unexpected pop in the palm of the hand is enough to make the beast run away. If he continues to approach, the next remedy is to throw a pebble at him. As a rule, it works. Some hunters claim that it helps from a good bear mat.
Bears are afraid of the unexpected. For example, unexpectedly opening umbrellas, especially if two big eyes are drawn on them. An unexpectedly open floor of a raincoat or a backpack suddenly thrown up. Any unexpected behavior.
The greatest troubles have to be endured from young bears actively exploring the surrounding world, as well as from mature males-dominants who have no enemies in wild nature and forgetting how to give way.
One last tip: when in bearish places, don't forget to look back sometimes!
There is nothing worse than being confronted by a beast suddenly - it may take it as an act of aggression.
A protective aerosol spray containing capsicum (red pepper extract) is available from some hunting shops and has been used successfully to repel bears. These sprays are effective at a distance of about 5-6 meters. If sprayed upwards or in a car, they may injure the user. Take precautions. If you carry a spray, keep it handy and know how to use it.
Bears can be ardent protectors of their cubs. Standing between a she-bear and her cubs is a big mistake. A mother bear can react violently to anything she considers a threat to her cub.
The bear's rutting period begins in June and ends in late July - early August. During this period, the animals are excited, often there are groups of adult animals. Demonstrative competitions and fights arise between males, as a result, the female remains with one male, while the others stay nearby. Males show high activity and aggressiveness, and the entire period of estrus is near the female.
Bear cubs appear in January-February. In the Urals, it is not uncommon to meet a female with three cubs.
The daily activity of a bear is determined by the season of the year, the availability of food and the general life cycle of the animal. In spring and the first half of summer, bears can feed around the clock, especially in cloudy weather. The high daily activity of the bear persists until the start of the run of salmon and grayling. During the day, the bears lie down without going far from the feeding place, usually in thickets of shrubs, in closed glades, in small forest curtains, on hot days they can be located in the floodplain high grass or willow of the river.
During the mass run of salmonids, daytime activity decreases and shifts to the evening, morning and night hours. With a lack of food (especially with a weak course of fish), the activity of bears increases, and they feed on berry fields, in cedar dwarf forests or in mountain meadows at almost any time of the day. For rest, the bear usually settles under the canopy coniferous trees, and beds can be used repeatedly. In the twilight and in the forest thicket, the bear feels much more confident than a person.
The bear is omnivorous. In the Urals in the spring, after leaving their dens, the animals come out onto the warm slopes of the mountains, warmed up and quickly freed from the snow cover, where they dig for rhizomes and bulbs. Later in May, they begin to go out to the rivers or to the berry fields, pick up carrion, eat the remains of berries. Animals often visit the coasts of rivers and lakes in search of animal and plant waste.
With the start of the fish to spawn most of bears is located near spawning rivers. On the mountainous Ural rivers, fish is the main source of animal protein food. Having eaten on fish, the bears go to the berries or grass, in order to return to the river after some time. Thus, the menu diversifies, the diet becomes richer. In the autumn before the occurrence (October-November), the bears leave the rivers and gradually move, eating berries and nuts of the dwarf pines, go to the wintering grounds. In their environment, bears are cannibals. A larger bear may catch and devour a cub (which most often happens during the mating season when the cubs are close to the bear). Cases of attacks and eating by bears of smaller (more often young) individuals have been registered.
Bear winter shelters are usually located in the ground or caves. Two or three animals can sleep in one lair. With an abundance of food, individuals of good fatness may not go to dens at all, arranging surface nests.
Bears live on average 25-30 years.
A person is not an object of food for a bear. Most bears under normal conditions try to avoid meeting a person, and, having found him first, they try to leave unnoticed. If the meeting took place, then the vast majority of bears take flight.
However, you should always remember and clearly know that the behavior of a particular bear that you meet in a particular situation is UNPREDICTABLE!
The main reasons for the attack of brown bears on people.
In our desire to communicate with nature, we are getting further and further into the forests. We are beckoned by taiga distances, modern technology allows us to get in. The roar of helicopter engines and all-terrain vehicles scares away the forest inhabitants of the pristine taiga. But at the same time, we are accustoming the same bears to our presence for longer and longer, without knowing it.
The predator gets used to a person (becomes, without knowing it, the so-called "synanthropic" bear) in places where he constantly has to deal with. He gradually loses his fear of humans and, as a logical conclusion of the process, the aggressiveness of the bear increases, which by its nature does not like meetings with humans. At the same time, some part of the population, perhaps insignificant, shows a tendency to hangover, adapts to life close to a person and at his expense. Harmless at first, these beasts become more and more aggressive. They are LOSE FEAR in front of a man!
Many researchers agree that aggressiveness towards a person is an extreme expression of "synanthropism". An important, if not the main reason for the entry of animals into camps, camps and settlements and conflict situations, is the careless maintenance of garbage dumps, various kinds of food waste dumps, leaving food waste, garbage in the forests, as well as careless storage of products. Animals in these cases are attracted by the smell and availability of food. Bears are attracted by fish, from which fishermen cook fish soup and fish waste, which tourists leave behind.
Thus, bears pose an increased danger to humans. :
For some reason, those who have lost the opportunity to get their usual food (sick, injured, old) or who have learned to pick up scraps, eat food waste left by a person;
Individuals adapted to contacts with people (including bears - "beggars"), often meeting with humans, living in the area of permanent camps;
Animals with "torn behavior" - in one way or another "tried" to hunt a person - once killed him with impunity;
The degree of danger largely depends on the circumstances of the contacts.
The danger is extremely great if:
The beast is wounded (the bear is very strong on the wound, even a mortally wounded bear is able to attack and kill the hunter);
When meeting with a she-bear accompanying the cubs (especially if the person is between the cubs and the she-bear);
A bear protecting its prey;
If a person accidentally finds himself in the path of a bear running away from some kind of danger.
It is very dangerous when a person steps over the threshold of "rapprochement", i.e. is too close to the animal. The science of animal behavior - ethology, claims that predators have one feature - the so-called critical approach distance. All living creatures that find themselves closer to the predator than this critical distance are perceived by him as aggressors, that is, attackers. In this case, it is difficult to predict how a particular bear will behave.
Among the BEARS there are also " underpants"and unperturbed" Olympians", and aggressive " brawlers".
"Coward" runs away from the attacker;
The Olympian just stands there and watches what happens next;
Aggressive "Brawler" himself instantly attacks the "attacker".
Therefore, you can find yourself in the clutches of a bear not attacking, but defending! The vast majority of known cases of bear attacks on people can be explained by this feature of the behavior of predators, when he perceived a person as attacking him.
It is extremely dangerous to approach a bear caught in a snare (noose or trap), which poachers often set near food bait (fish, animal carcasses, or on a trail). A bear, caught in a loop fixed tightly (usually to a thick tree), tries to escape to the last, with a roar destroys everything around him in a radius depending on the length of the cable. If the samolov is attached to a sled (a log, chains with an anchor, and the like), then the bear, moving, pulls the stag behind it, leaving a furrow on the grass and soft ground. If you get close to such a beast, he will definitely attack. Woe to the one who meets with the enraged bear escaping from the dead grip of the noose.
The degree of danger to humans is also different in different seasons of the year: upon leaving the den, during the rut, and also in winter when “rods” appear - bears that have not accumulated enough fat or are injured, and therefore do not lie in the den.
The degree of danger also increases at night: it is more difficult to notice the beast, and at night the bears are more active and bold, there are cases when they went straight to the fires.
Cowardly, inexperienced, untrained dogs can also provoke a bear. Some bears not only actively defend themselves against dogs, but also chase them themselves. Cowardly dogs at the same time seek protection from a person, throw themselves at his feet, which can cause an accident. An attacking bear can be stopped only by dogs that are taunted by a bear and not afraid of it. Therefore, do not take your untrained pets with you to the forest, on an expedition to the taiga, they will not protect you from a bear, but they can provoke an attack. Only a dog can protect a person from a bear, capable of detaining him at the cost of his life.
Ways to reduce the chance of encounter and attack.
In order to avoid dangerous situations when meeting with a bear, the following rules can help you:
1. When moving along the route, hunting in the forest, picking mushrooms or berries, relaxing in picturesque taiga places, always remember that a meeting with a bear can happen at any time, in any place, and You must be mentally prepared for this.. Plan your possible actions in advance. Listen to the birds around you. Nutcrackers are especially talkative. By the behavior of birds, you can predict in advance the place and time of the appearance of the beast.
2 . To avoid the critical approach distance and not unexpectedly collide with a bear, it is necessary to move in the forest noisily talking freely and loudly, and preferably in a group of at least 3 people. Avoid close encounters with bears. Look out for signs of a bear that it is nearby and make as much noise as possible. Let's know about ourselves.
3 . To avoid the appearance of "synanthropic" (accustomed beggars) bears, it is important to ensure that not to create conditions for their complementary feeding. Food scraps and carcasses of slaughtered wild animals must be disposed of so that predators do not take advantage of them.
4 . Do not leave in the forest in places of your rest and intermediate stops food leftovers, garbage. You can not arrange near the bases, camps, trails, on halts and routes such objects as garbage dumps, dumps, warehouses of food waste. Do not attract the bear through improper storage of food and garbage.
5 . When moving through the taiga and river banks, the maximum try to avoid areas of high grass, willow trees, thickets of elfin cedar, closed cozy glades, thickets of "burdocks" in the floodplains of rivers and streams, places of possible rest for a bear on day trips. Move to open areas where you can see the bear far enough away.
6 . Seeing a bear in the distance don't get close to him, carefully leave this place, bypass it. Keep calm.
7 . Post camp in the open, with sufficient field visibility. Carefully monitor the cleanliness of their territories, burn all food waste. Do not store food in accessible places, isolate them so that smells cannot attract animals.
8 . In no case do not stay overnight, do not put up tents and do not set up camp on bear and other forest trails.
9 . Avoid walking along river banks and streams during the spawning season of salmon in the evening and morning twilight and at night. Generally avoid walking in the taiga dull twilight and night. Remember, night is Bear time! If fate forced you to walk at night, you need to at least move around with an electric flashlight on.
10 . Under no circumstances don't come near in places where bears may be found the remains of dead animals, masses of abandoned fish, other possible baits. A bear disturbed on prey in most cases goes on the attack.
11 . Don't push the bear Please respect his "private space". In case of an unexpected meeting "short", even if you are unarmed, categorically it is impossible to run away from the beast(this is useless and can only additionally provoke the bear to pursue). It is necessary, trying to keep calm as much as possible, to remain in place (no matter how scary it is), calling for help with a loud cry, or, slowly backing away, retreat. In this case, you can try to scare away the bear with the ringing of metal objects, a loud cry, voice, shots in the air, rockets, hand flares.
13 . Never, do not, under any circumstances, approach bear cubs no matter how sweet and cute they seem to you. Do not try to feed or lure them. If you meet them by chance, or they come out to your resting place, stop immediately, look around quickly and look for an escape route as quickly as possible. Bear cubs are curious and if they are heading towards you, drive them away with loud cries. Remember - somewhere near the she-bear, and GOD FORBID You will find yourself between a she-bear and a bear cub. The attack of the Bear, if she considers that you are a threat to her baby, will be the last thing you will see in your life.
14 . Protect you, your camp only strong, brave and vicious dogs can. Even among the huskies, not everyone is able to attack a bear. Under no circumstances should dogs be used to guard against a bear without the skills, dexterity and strength to at least briefly detain a bear on the spot.
15 . Scaring away the bear with shots, don't try to shoot the bear itself. A wounded bear is extremely dangerous! Even if he leaves you, he can become a serious danger to other people. You can only kill a bear with a large-caliber weapon, and even a shot "on the spot" can not always immediately stop the bear. Reliable shot exactly in the brain or spine.
16 . In extreme cases, you can escape from a bear on a tree if you manage to get on it. An adult large bear, due to its weight, will no longer be able to climb on it. Such cases of rescue, or rather sitting out, on trees are known. If there are several trees, try to choose the largest one.
17 . Being in the taiga always be very careful, do not go into thickets of elfin, tall grass. Do not climb in floodplain thickets of bushes. Settling down to rest, carefully look around for signs of the presence of a bear. On clay outcrops, swamps, banks of streams, you can see traces of a bear, and in floodplain places, feeding places (kopanki), where he dug marsh plants. If you suspect that a bear has been here, leave the area immediately and look elsewhere.
18 . Even if the bear nevertheless went to you, there is still hope that he will turn aside. Never DO NOT turn your back on an attacking bear! The man who escaped is almost certainly doomed. When attacked by a bear, you cannot manifest external signs fear. If there is no reliable shelter or shelter nearby, it is necessary to face the danger by standing face to face. There are more people who survived the attack of the bear in this way than those who were able to flee. Don't run.
19 . Seeing a bear that accidentally entered the path (road), never, never feed them no matter how harmless and cute they seem. The bear does not need your feeding, but starting to feed the bear you bring up a beggar in him, who will very quickly begin to demand food, and if he does not get it, he becomes aggressive and is able to attack a person, the fear of which he loses. Remember that by your actions you endanger the lives of others.
20 . Upon detection of a bear showing aggression, a wounded bear, a bear caught in a samolov (loop), a bear attacking dogs and people, other people should be warned immediately located in the same place or in close proximity to it.
21 . And last - ANYTIME AND ANYWHERE: Having met a bear, regardless of its size, behavior and appearance treat him like a formidable and powerful predator, with unpredictable behavior.
Studies conducted in our country and abroad have shown that there is no single universal means of protection against bears - and the above recommendations cannot be considered as an absolute guarantee against an accident, but they will help reduce the likelihood of a conflict situation.
In many cases, bears do not pose a threat, but they deserve your respect and attention. When traveling through the taiga, be vigilant and take the opportunity to see these amazing animals in their natural habitat.
Unfortunately, even full compliance with the recommendations cannot completely exclude the possibility of a bear attack, because it is impossible to foresee the circumstances of each specific case of a meeting with a bear. Bear behavior is unpredictable. But we will be sincerely glad if, after reading the recommendations, you become more careful in taiga expeditions.
Basic reference material taken from open sources of information.
Prepared by Evgeniy Svitov. 
Any walk away from settlements is nothing more than an invasion of someone else's (in this case, for a person) territory. It should always be remembered that the true owners on it are wild animals, since it is their habitat. The bear is the most dangerous and strong beast in our forests. And if he met on the way, you need to clearly understand what you can do and what you can’t, so as not to provoke his attack.
Basic rules of behavior in the forest
Don't try to take over territory
Who is the true master in the forest is known. If you find a bear even at a great distance, you should not organize a halt in this place, and even more so, set up a tent camp. It is better to step back a little, adjust the route and choose another site. The same applies to his many traces. Without experience, it is difficult to determine whether the beast just passed or he is used to hunting here, feasting on the gifts of nature, and so on. Perhaps this is his path or somewhere nearby there are cubs. Trying to settle down next door will not lead to anything good.
Don't get close
The bear is not just a hermit. He understands that there is no equal in strength in the forest, and he regards any intrusion into his territory as a threat to himself personally. If you meet a bear in the forest, you should go around it in an arc, while constantly keeping it in sight. As a rule, it is quite enough to disperse peacefully. A bear in such situations, if not provoked, does not attack.
A special warning to those who like to take selfies. Now it is in fashion, and not only among young people. Such "self-photography", and even against the background of the beast, implies almost close contact with him. How this may end, it is pointless to explain. It is unlikely that the bear will appreciate such a "craving for the beautiful" and will accept in this Active participation. A clear example of close communication with a predator is a recent case in one of our zoos, when a lady tried to take a selfie in front of a cage with a tiger. In principle, the same thing - playing with fire.
Do not go deep into the thickets
Like any animal, the bear prefers to hide in the thicket. Special attention shoots (shrubs, small trees) with fruits. For example, wild raspberries. In a hiking trip, you need to move around open areas of the area, and if we are talking about picking mushrooms, berries, then when moving through the forest, you should create more noise, warning its inhabitants in advance about your approach. In case of an unexpected meeting, a bear may be frightened and rush at a person.
Don't relax and keep looking back
The forest is not own apartment. It is full of surprises, so you should not forget about elementary precautions.
What to do in emergency situations
They can be very different. The most typical cases when meeting a bear in the forest:
- the animal noticed the person, looks in his direction, but does not change its location;
- the bear is approaching;
- the meeting took place unexpectedly, both for the beast and for the man.
How to proceed
- Move away slowly, while speaking in an undertone (but not shouting) or humming. And do it calmly, without betraying fear. You can even start a “conversation” with the beast, reassuring him that no one encroaches on his territory. According to experienced hunters-hunters, the Russian fenced mat is another reliable remedy for clubfoot attacks. Feeling the confidence of a person, the bear will understand that the potential victim is quite capable of defending himself and is absolutely not afraid of him. Therefore, he will not attack.
- Get up in full height. It is advisable to raise both hands, holding a cap, jacket or something else in one of them. The main thing is to appear as big as possible.
- Stay calm, no matter how scary, do not panic.
- Fall down and pretend to be dead. This is practiced if close contact with a predator cannot be avoided. In many cases, this ends with the bear having sniffed the prey and leaving. The best position is flat, with your stomach pressed to the ground. There are recommendations that you need to lie on your side, curled up. This is hardly justified, since it is not a fact that the clubfoot will not wake up with simple curiosity, and he will not turn the victim over. And he does it with his claws. How it ends is clear, even if you don’t make a sound. The bear will leave, but the wounds will be impressive. Yes, and it is unlikely that a person will endure such a thing. And the loud cries of the beast will only provoke.
If the bear has retired, you can not immediately proceed to some kind of active action. Perhaps he just walked away, hid and watches. Therefore, you should wait a little, carefully look around, without making sudden movements, and only then slowly leave this place.
In the event of a clear attack, when there is no doubt about the intentions of the bear, resist and call for help. Throw everything that is at hand - stones, large branches, earth (it is advisable to get into the eyes). Arm yourself with a stick and fight back. Sometimes such a fierce rebuff leads to the fact that the bear retreats and leaves in search of a weaker prey. The fact is that, as a rule, young, inexperienced and self-confident individuals attack a person. When they feel that they are being squeezed, they stop trying.
What to do when you meet a bear
Look the bear straight in the eye
He will take this as an immediate challenge and may attack.
Take your dog to the forest
Of course, if we are not talking about hunting. If you can’t do without a four-legged pet, it must be kept on a leash, and a short one at that. It is not uncommon for a dog to provoke a bear attack on a person - with its constant barking, or even direct attempts to bite a clubfoot. The beast will not like such an annoying neighborhood, and he will definitely take measures to get rid of uninvited guests.
Stay in the area where the animal is seen
Even if he left, this does not mean that this section of the forest is safe. The bear can change position, stealthily approach the victim from the other side, and so on. There are many options. It is better to immediately leave this place and try to get out, if not from the forest, then to the most open space.
Make sudden movements
The bear will regard this as a clear threat to its own safety. And even more aggressive.
try to hide
Firstly, this is a useless exercise, since a bear will quickly detect a person, especially if he has already noticed him. Secondly, such actions are a sign of cowardice. The beast will immediately understand that it is an easy prey.
Turn your back on the bear
This is for him - as a signal to attack, because the potential victim opened the most unprotected place.
Run away
It makes no sense, given that over rough terrain, an adult bear quickly accelerates to 60 - 65 km / h. By the way, running away is the worst option. A clubfoot is a hunter by nature, and such actions of a person will only excite him. He involuntarily rushes in pursuit, but the result is predictable.
As an exception - the extraordinary physical data of a person. If you have confidence in your abilities, you can run away. The bear needs to be worn out by constantly changing direction. Since its mass is significant, it loses a lot of speed when cornering. In addition, he runs well for short distances, but he does not last long on long ones. Therefore, with good physical preparation, it becomes possible to escape. It is advisable to choose the direction in such a way as to approach people, the road, the settlement. This will further increase your chances.
sneak up on a bear
There are such lovers - it is better to consider, photograph, just admire, observe. The clubfoot has an excellent instinct, besides, he is in “his element” (in nature), so any attempt to deceive him is doomed to failure in advance. He will regard this as preparation for a possible attack, and will respond in kind, and more proactively.
escape on a tree
In this case, the chances of salvation are practically reduced to zero. Despite external slowness, bears differ not only in strength, but also in agility and the ability to climb trees.
The only option is if the trunk is thick and tall enough. Due to its weight, the beast may not reach the upper branches. But how long can a person stay in this position? But the bear knows how to wait. Therefore, this method of salvation is an extreme case.
Walking in the woods in the dark
You don't even have to go far from the tent. The explanation is simple. The bear is a predominantly nocturnal hunter, and a person practically does not orient himself at this time. Already - a clear superiority of the clubfoot.
Approach the bear cubs
The bear will never leave them alone. If the mother is not visible, this does not mean that she has left, leaving the babies unattended. Well, what will end any attempts to play with the cubs, it is clear without further explanation.
It is impossible to give recommendations for all cases. But one more piece of advice will not be superfluous. Right choice the way to resolve the "conflict situation" largely depends on the knowledge of the bear's habits. When going to the forest, it is useful to read something. The psychological aspect is also important. If you understand the motivation of certain actions of the beast (protecting your babies, satisfying hunger, and so on), it is easier to assess the situation and take appropriate measures. Then a walk through the forest will bring real pleasure, and will not become fatal.
In the forests where bears live, the probability of meeting with the "owner of the forest" is quite high. Cases of bear attacks on humans are not uncommon. People for a wild beast are uninvited guests. And from these guests, he will protect his territory.
A meeting with a bear in the forest often ends in tragedy. The beast has strong paws, large claws and sharp teeth. If he gets angry, he can not only cripple a person, but also bully him.
Are bears dangerous?
This is a very dangerous forest predator. It is impossible to predict the outcome of a random meeting of a person with him. The fact is that the psyche of each animal is different. There are cowardly bears, and there are fearless ones, there are arrogant and aggressive ones, and there are quite calm ones. To the question: “Do bears attack people?”, The answer is yes. They attack. And it happens quite often.
The reasons for attacks on people are different. But still, it should be noted that attacks without any reason, without provocations on the part of a person, are quite likely. And it is unlikely that a person who sees the massive carcass of a predator is capable of provocations. God forbid, save yourself and stay alive.
There are many stories about the unpredictable behavior of animals when meeting a person. Therefore, when planning to visit places where a bear can meet in the forest, one must be prepared for the unexpected. You need to know exactly what to do if you meet a bear.
The main reasons for the attack of brown bears on people
The behavior of the clubfoot depends on the season, age and meeting place.
Knowing some of the nuances of the behavior of the beast, you can navigate the situation and figure out , how to protect yourself from a bear in the forest.
- So, a connecting rod that came out of hibernation at the wrong time for any reason (accumulated little fat or someone disturbed it) is especially dangerous.
- If you meet an animal near the place where the trophy is buried, then the clubfoot will see an opponent in you and will try to destroy it.
- At the beginning of spring, when predators come out of hibernation, they look for food for themselves, therefore they are aggressive and dangerous.
- Late spring is the time for bear weddings. During this period, males are most dangerous. In fights, they are cruel and attack everyone who meets on the way.
- A meeting with a she-bear nurturing her children is also dangerous. From the side of any creature, she sees danger and is ready to fight for her children in mortal combat.
The owners of the forests are less dangerous in the summer: there is a lot of food, so predators do not seek to meet a person.
How to behave when meeting
With a sleeping or prey-eating beast
A sleeping animal should never be disturbed. You don't have to take pictures of it. Move away immediately! Most importantly, don't make noise. If he wakes up, then the bear attack may end sadly.
But what to do if you see a bear eating prey? Freeze and try to demonstrate that you do not need bear food. You should straighten up and start talking loudly (if you are alone, then say a monologue - whatever comes to mind). You can't show your back to the beast. It is better to retreat backwards, diagonally, without letting the predator out of sight. Move slowly and smoothly, without sudden movements.
The probability of an attack depends on the distance: the smaller it is, the more dangerous the situation.
With a group of animals
You can cross with several clubfoot at the same time in the following cases:
- during the rut;
- during the period when the she-bear raises cubs and takes care of them;
- at a time when the young animals driven away by the mother are still moving together.
During the rut, the animals are very aggressive and fight to the death. Therefore, to catch the eye of such a team is deadly. During this period, both males and females are vicious.
Young individuals are less dangerous. They do not yet have experience of meeting people, so an attack is not ruled out. But it's much easier to scare them away.
With a teddy bear
A bear with a brood is dangerous when she thinks that trouble threatens her children. For cubs, she will tear anyone. You should never approach baby bear cubs in the forest. We must try to quickly and silently retire.
On the hunt
A hunter who moves in the habitats of predators puts his life in danger. After all, the beast can be encountered quite suddenly. If suddenly a bearish figure flashed on the horizon, try not to catch his eye. You will be lucky if you are on the leeward side, because the predator has a keen sense of smell. If the bear smells you, then make a loud clap with your hands, shoot into the air. You don't have to shoot the animal. Wounded, he is much more dangerous.
What to do if a bear is approaching?
When the beast approaches, you can not run away. The bear has an excellent sense of smell, but poor eyesight. A blind predator sees only a silhouette, so it comes close to examine the object. It happens that the animal begins to go around a person in order to stand upwind and smell the smell. It happens that, recognizing a person, he runs away.
You can try to drive away the clubfoot. If he is approaching or chasing while keeping a distance, then make noise. Tap with metal objects such as mugs or bowls. Use a rocket launcher, firecrackers, shoot into the air. There are special aerosols based on pepper, but they only work for a short distance in calm weather.
It should be noted that bears often do not plan to attack, they try to force a stranger to leave their territory.
You cannot attack an animal by throwing stones at it. Walk away calmly, backing away, slowly, without sudden movements.
What to do if a bear attacks?
In the event of an attack, you should try to concentrate on your behavior. Consider specifically what to do if a bear attacked.
In the absence of weapons, you need to figure out how to divert the attention of a predator. Place any bulky items (basket, bucket, backpack) in front of you.
If there is nothing, then you need to lie on your stomach or curl up in a baby's position. Clasp your hands over your head to protect it. You have to pretend to be dead. Having concentrated all your strength, you must endure if he starts sniffing you. Sometimes the beast throws the victim with dry leaves and branches. Wait patiently for him to leave. The main thing is not to move.
But if the beast starts to attack, then you should fight back. Try to get in the eyes. Use sharp objects aiming at the eye sockets. You can't give up, fighting is the only chance to survive.
You can use a firearm in such a situation if its power is allowed to kill the beast, and you know exactly where to shoot the bear.
How to avoid meeting a bear in the forest?
Many people get lost and do not know what to do when they encounter a bear.
If you happen to get into the forests where bears live, then try to adhere to the following rules:
- try to move in open places and where the forest is less common in order to see the beast in advance and try to avoid meeting or scare it away;
- know that bears live in elfin cedars and willows;
- do not follow the bear trails, and if you come across tracks, then change the route;
- do not walk along the rivers where salmon is found, at night and before dawn - the time of bear fishing;
- walk around the bear grounds in groups - this is less likely to be attacked by animals;
- you can’t run away from the beast, its speed from a place reaches 40-60 km per hour. Back away slowly;
- it is better to try to scare away curious animals that do not show aggression;
- at close range, you don’t have to look closely into the eyes of the beast - he will regard this as the beginning of an attack;
- at night, it is advisable to light a fire and keep the fire going until dawn - the beast will be scared away by a bright flame;
- at night you don’t have to walk through the forest - you can stumble upon a bear by chance;
- no need to feed forest bears. This is fraught with a loss of fear of people and the emergence of the habit of "begging" for tasty things from people. Those who do not give the animals a treat when they meet may suffer;
- on halts it is necessary to remove the remnants of food and try not to spread the smell of food so as not to attract hungry animals.
Remember that when meeting with a predator or when attacked by a bear, only composure can save your life.
Video
Rules of conduct when you meet an aggressive bear
The emergence of stereotypes about Russian bears did not happen by chance. In Russia, of course, you will not meet a bear on the street, and no one keeps it as a pet, as they have an erroneous idea abroad. But in the wild nature of the Altai Mountains, the chances of a sudden dangerous encounter with this animal are very high. Therefore, do not neglect security measures and prepare in advance for this risky meeting.
1. Don't run away
Running away doesn't make any sense. The diet of bears includes different foods, not only meat. These are omnivores. But a running person evokes a corresponding reaction in the animal - he is perceived as prey. At the same time, it is almost impossible to protect yourself in this way. The average speed of a bear on rough terrain is 60 km per hour on average, he is an excellent swimmer, and, if not very old, moves well through the trees. Therefore, there is very little chance of salvation, unless the beast is carried away by some other object.
2. More noise
Most animals reflexively perceive noise as a danger. His source for them is a big and strong rival who cannot be just prey. Therefore, moving around the territories where bears live, you need to behave accordingly - more harsh sounds and loud conversations, you can even sing, break dry fallen branches. Most likely, the bear will not find out what is happening and will pass by. But this is not always the case. Curious little cubs are more likely to hide somewhere nearby and watch just out of curiosity. That's when the maternal instinct can work, and such behavior can be fraught with consequences. Therefore, during the birth of babies - from January to March, trips to the forest where bears are found, it is better to limit or abandon them altogether. The same behavior can be expected from teenage bears. They may simply be interested in extraneous sounds and cause a desire to explore the object from which they come: to look and smell, but not to attack.
3. Bypass the cubs. It is very important!!!
It is extremely dangerous to be close to cubs, even if their mother is not visible nearby, no matter how much you would like to. She will never leave her kids unattended for a long time. The appearance of strangers can only cause aggression and the desire to protect their children from danger, even if the intruder just decided to take a photo as a keepsake. Therefore, you should not do this, but it is better to slowly go away.
4. Don't walk alone
Another simple rule to protect yourself is to move through the forest in a group of four or more people. Animals rarely attack a large number of of people. The larger the group, the more likely it is to do without adventures. For one or two, this chance is practically reduced to zero.
5. Properly store food
The reason why a bear might dare to come close to a campground where there is a fire, a lot of people and incomprehensible aromas is food. Their sense of smell is very well developed, and they can catch the smell of food through the fabric of a backpack or tent for several kilometers. Do not hope that kerosene or other odorous products can help. Therefore, it is recommended that during a hiking trip, half-eaten provisions be carefully buried, choosing for this place at a considerable distance from the camp. The rest of the supplies are best packed in a separate backpack and fastened to the branches of trees about 40 meters from the tents at a height of 3-4 meters. Even if the predator is attracted by the smell, there will be no threat to personal safety.
6. Assess the situation
It is always very difficult to determine what the intentions of the beast during a sudden encounter. There may be several options here.
He is also scared, but not hungry or aggressive. Then you can slowly move away from it and apply the rule of more noise.
The same option, only the bear is hungry. If at the same time there are no signs of aggression, it is better to sacrifice your food supplies or part of them. While the predator is busy, calmly move away and, as in the first option, make some noise.
When the hunger and aggression of the animal is immediately evident, this is already serious, as it can lead to an attack. Running away in such a situation does not make sense - it will immediately provoke a predator. Better to try and trick him. Since the organs of vision of bears are poorly developed, you need to create something large, surpassing it in size - stand on top of each other or shoulder to shoulder in order to appear as one. This can scare the animal and force it to leave. At the same time, it will not be superfluous to make more noise and wave everything that comes to hand. To create loud sharp sounds, it is good to use metal objects or special devices designed for this purpose. But whether they will work or not, it is difficult to predict in advance. It all depends on what the beast is up to. Aerosol pepper products can also be effective, but provided there is no wind. Another important addition is not to look into the eyes, so as not to provoke the animal even more.
7. Play dead
Of course, it is better not to get into a situation where this is the only way to escape. It is best to scare a bear with weapons, pyrotechnics, torches - any noisy and burning devices, so when buying equipment for a hike, you should get them in advance. All wild animals are afraid of sharp sounds and fire. You can also use a special spray. It's pretty effective remedy, but it doesn't always work. In some situations, the predator simply may not pay attention to it, and not always the weather and circumstances make it possible to fully apply them.
The method of the dead is not the best option, but a number of experts claim that it can work. Firstly, it is very difficult to pretend to be dead under stress, and secondly, if a bear is hungry, then it can, if not eat, cause serious injuries with sharp fangs and claws, or its own weight. But if there are no other options besides running away, then it is better to try to survive by pretending to be dead.
8. Be an optimist
Animals, like people, are all different. If this is a normal adult wild animal, then they will not come into contact with a person unless absolutely necessary, and it is easy to scare him away. If the predator has already encountered people and found food from them, then it can behave more persistently, but not aggressively and only damage property in search of food. The most dangerous is a hungry and (or) wounded bear. He will not be afraid of smoke or noise, although fire, gunfire and pyrotechnics can help. But the most extreme option is a meeting with a she-bear protecting her cubs. Its goal is to destroy a potential threat. Even after a severe mortal wound, such a beast is extremely dangerous.
Therefore, it is impossible to fully prepare for a meeting with predators and be 100% sure of success, you can only be an optimist and rely on luck.
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