The poem "The Village" was written by Pushkin in 1819, during the so-called "Petersburg" period of his work. For the poet it was time active participation in the socio-political life of the country, visiting the secret union of the Decembrists, friendship with Ryleev, Lunin, Chaadaev. The most important issues for Pushkin during this period were the social structure of Russia, the social and political lack of freedom of many people, the despotism of the autocratic-feudal system of government ...
So, the poet devotes the poem “Village” to the problem of serfdom, which worried many thinking people of that time. The poem has a two-part composition: the first part (before the words “... but the thought is terrible ...”) is an idyll, while the second is a political declaration, an appeal to strong of the world this.
The village for the lyrical hero is, on the one hand, a “desert corner”, a kind of ideal world where silence and harmony reign. In this land, “a haven of tranquility, work and inspiration”, the hero gains spiritual freedom, indulges in “creative thoughts”. The images of this part of the poem: “a dark garden with its coolness and flowers”, “bright streams”, “striped fields”, “scattered huts in the distance”, “winged mills” are undoubtedly romanticized, which creates an idyllic picture of peace and tranquility. But a completely different side of life in the village is revealed to us in the second part, where the poet ruthlessly denounces the disgrace social relations, the arbitrariness of the landowners and the disenfranchised position of the people. “Wild nobility” and “skinny slavery”, the main images of this part, embody “ignorance, a murderous shame”, all the irregularity and inhumanity of serfdom. The lyrical hero, identified with the poet himself, calling himself a “friend of mankind”, does not accept this injustice and lawlessness, wants to “disturb the hearts ...” of people, exposing the excesses of the landlords and the hopelessness of the life of the peasants, dreams of seeing “the people not oppressed” and “the fatherland of enlightened freedom ". The world surrounding the hero, full of cruelty and violence, a world where some “a burdensome yoke drags them to the grave”, while others, “not seeing tears, not heeding a groan”, “appropriated the work, and property, and time of the farmer”, looks especially ugly against the backdrop of beautiful, harmonious nature, the realm of “happiness and oblivion”. Thus, a contrast is created between the two parts of the poem, which makes it possible to reveal with particular force the idea of inferiority, the impossibility of the existence of serfdom.
The poet also uses many figurative and expressive means of the language. In the first part, they create a romantic and peaceful atmosphere: “the stream of my days flows”, “winged mills”, “azure plains lakes”, “peaceful noise of oak forests”, “silence of fields”. And in the second part, the poet uses figurative means to most vividly expose the ugliness of the social system: “... with a violent vine”, “alien plow”, “tormented slaves”, “relentless owner”. In addition, the last seven lines of the poem are filled with rhetorical questions and exclamations, because they have the character of an appeal to others, express the indignation of the lyrical hero and his unwillingness to put up with the unfair structure of society.
The size of the poem is iambic six-foot. Rhyme - both male and female, both cross and ring:
I greet you, deserted corner (female),
Shelter of tranquility, work and inspiration (male),
Where the invisible stream of my days flows (f.)
In the bosom of happiness and oblivion (m.)
(cross rhyme a-b-a-b).
I am yours - I love this dark garden
With its coolness and flowers,
This meadow, lined with fragrant stacks,
Where bright streams in the bushes rustle
(ring rhyme a-b-b-a).
“And over the fatherland of enlightened Freedom / Will the beautiful Dawn finally rise?”. Analysis of the poem "Village".
Together with the ode "Liberty" and the message "To Chaadaev", the future Decembrists also rewrote the elegy "Village" (1819).
This elegy is connected with the native places of the poet - the village of Mikhailovsky, where the Pushkin family estate was located. Through all life, through all poetry, starting with the youthful poem “Forgive me, faithful oak forests! .. "and ending with the deep, written shortly before his death," Again I visited ... ", Pushkin carried love for his native Mikhailovsky -" the abode of labor and pure bliss. Here he had to endure the bitterness of loneliness, and the humiliation of a supervised slave, and the delight of love, and the joy of creativity, and the warmth of true friendship.
More than a hundred works have been created here, and among them are genuine masterpieces: “The Village”, “I Remember a Wonderful Moment ...”, “To the Sea”, “Boris Godunov”, “Count Nupin” and many others.
“A haven of tranquility, work and inspiration,” the poet called his village - an amazing land with blue lakes, spacious water meadows and bright pine groves.
Take a look at this land. 
What impression do these places make?
From them breathes calmness, pacification. We freeze in front of beauty, our gaze is lost in the endless expanses of the high sky and meadows, lakes, forests. It is to these places that Pushkin's poem "The Village" is addressed. It was created in 1819, when the poet came to his family estate for a short time in the summer.
Let's read it.
The poem (its 1st part) sounds against the background of bird singing, the chirping of grasshoppers (a phonogram is used), this helps to create a feeling of the living expanse of green meadows and forests heated by the sun, and the blessed peace that emanates from them.
In the 2nd part of the poem, the sound is removed: it seems to be swallowed up by silence, full of sad thoughts of the poet, who stopped hearing nature, because other pictures occupied his attention. This technique helps to imperceptibly draw students' attention to the composition of the work.
What impression did the poem make on you? What pictures did you see while reading it?
The children love the poem. It is interesting that, speaking about their impressions, they single out the 1st part of it, which they like with calmness, warmth, peace.
Students draw meadows with stacks of hay, fields of ears of corn, banks of a blue river overgrown with reeds, mills on hillocks, etc. Some see the poet himself, sitting under a tall shady tree and contemplating the expanses of his native land.
But all this rather refers to the 1st part of the poem. And there is also a 2nd one.
Find the "border" that divides the work into two parts.
This is a stanza that contains the poet's appeal to the "oracles of the ages" (oracles are soothsayers).
What question does the poet want to answer?
... and over the fatherland of Enlightened Freedom
Will the beautiful Dawn rise at last?
Why does he have this question?
Because "among the flowering fields and mountains" the poet suddenly notices "The wild nobility."
Let us think about why Pushkin, having arrived in the village, did not immediately see him. What moods was he full of?
The poet is glad to come to his native village, he is full of bright feelings, he is pleased to see his favorite places; after the hustle and bustle big city he enjoys the silence, the slowness of life, the beauty of nature; freed "from vain fetters", he learns "to find bliss in the truth." A state of happy bliss and peace fills his soul.
Let's try to imagine how he could get the idea of "Wild Lordship".
Perhaps, watching the peasants in the field, the poet suddenly remembers that they are not working for themselves, and the imagination draws pictures of forced labor, and the memory restores the passionate diatribes of his St. Petersburg friend A. I. Turgenev, heard in the district of history.
In 1819, not far from Mikhailovsky, a landowner beat a peasant to death; at the trial, Pushkin's great-uncle Hannibal acted as a witness in this case. Just in those days when the poet lived in his village, in the Velikoluksky district of the Pskov province, the case of the death of a serf was heard
landowner Abryutina.
As you can see, there were plenty of examples of the "Wild Nobility" before the eyes of the young poet.
Let's reread part 2 of the poem. What kind artistic images are they leading? How are they related?
The leading images of the 2nd part are “Wild Nobility” and “Skinny Slavery”. They are inseparable: “Skinny Slavery” is a direct consequence of “Wild Nobility”… Each of these leading images has a number of accompanying ones. Find them in the poem.
In “The Wild Lordship” it is “violent vine”, “scourges”, “relentless owner”, “insensitive villain”, “ignorance is a murderous shame”; “skinny slavery” has “alien plow”, “heavy yoke”, “yard crowds of tortured slaves”, “tears”, “groaning”.
What pictures are formed in our imagination thanks to these images? What is the feeling of these pictures?
We see exhausted peasants, exhausted by hard work, working in the field from morning till night; young girls standing in front of the landowner and awaiting their fate with horror; small children left at the edge of a field while their mothers harvest wheat; serfs punished with whips ... These pictures evoke a feeling of longing, a keen sense of injustice and compassion for the serfs.
Note that Pushkin in this poem, as in the ode "Liberty", many words are written with capital letter. Find them. Why do you think he capitalizes them?
These are the words: Truth, Law, Prayer, Ignorance, Shame, Fate, Nobility, Slavery, Owner, Vitiystvo, Dawn. Probably, for the poet they have a generalizing, symbolic meaning.
What word is repeated most often?
(Law.)
What Law is Pushkin talking about? What is this Law that can be "worshipped"?
This is the Law of natural freedom, given to humanity from above, which is why it can be "worshipped".
And in the life surrounding the poet, what Law prevails?(The law of violence and slavery.)
What does Pushkin dream about?(The fact that in his Fatherland the people would become "unoppressed and Slavery fell" at the behest of the tsar, that is, that the tsar himself would abolish serfdom.)
The poet exclaims with regret:
Oh, if my voice could disturb hearts
Why in my chest a fruitless heat burns
And the fate of Vitiystva did not give me a formidable gift?
Vitiystvo is, according to V. Dahl, eloquence, artificial, rhetorical; vitia - orator, rhetorician, rhetorician, articulate person, eloquent wordsmith, eloquent.
Why does Pushkin call the heat of his heart “barren” and regret that he was not given the “Formidable Gift of Vitiystvo”?
It seems to the poet that he does not know how to be an orator, does not have the gift of eloquence, capable of persuading, calling, inspiring, therefore his feelings remain just “barren heat”.
Is his poem eloquent? Does it convince us of the injustice of the state law, does it force us to condemn the "wild nobility" and sympathize with the "skinny slavery", to dream of the triumph of the eternal Law of Freedom?
The guys believe that Pushkin is unfair to himself: the poem excites, touches, makes you think, awakens the imagination, which means that the poet’s fever is not fruitless.
How does the composition of the poem help? What is the basis for it?
The poem consists of two parts that are opposed to each other, that is, the poet uses the technique of antithesis. Against the backdrop of wonderful pictures of nature, the “Wild Nobility” looks more terrible, the call to give the people freedom sounds even more convincing.
The Decembrists thought the same way, who used the poem "The Village" as a propaganda one, but replaced the words "Slavery, fallen by the mania of the tsar" with "fallen slavery and the fallen tsar."
How does this change the meaning of the poem? Does it correspond to the views of the author?
The call to the tsar to abolish the unjust law on serfdom becomes a call to revolution, and Pushkin was opposed to any violence.
What is the name of the poet in this poem? How does he appear to us?
Pushkin calls himself a “friend of mankind”, and this is how he appears before us in this poem: he is a humanist who cannot look indifferently at injustice and violence, he sympathizes with the suffering, is indignant at the “Wild Lordship”, dreams of the happiness of his people in the bosom of a beautiful nature, but he doubts that he will ever see “the people who are not oppressed and the “beautiful dawn” over his native country.
0 / 5. 0
I greet you, deserted corner, A shelter of calmness, work and inspiration, Where an invisible stream flows of my days In the bosom of happiness and oblivion. I am yours: I have exchanged the vicious courtyard of the circus, Luxurious feasts, fun, delusions For the peaceful noise of oaks, for the silence of the fields, For free idleness, a friend of thought. I am yours: I love this dark garden With its coolness and flowers, This meadow lined with fragrant stacks, Where bright streams rustle in the bushes. Everywhere in front of me are moving pictures: Here I see azure plains of two lakes, Where the sail of a fisherman sometimes turns white, Behind them a row of hills and striped fields, Scattered huts in the distance, Wandering herds on the wet shores, Smoky barns and windmills; Everywhere there are traces of contentment and labor ... I am here, freed from vain shackles, I am learning to find bliss in truth, To idolize the law with a free soul, Not to listen to the unenlightened crowd with murmuring, To answer the shy plea with participation And not to envy the fate of a Villain or a fool - in wrong greatness. Oracles of the ages, here I ask you! In majestic solitude Your joyful voice is heard more. It drives laziness away from a gloomy sleep, To works gives rise to a fever in me, And your creative thoughts In the spiritual depths ripen. But a terrible thought darkens the soul here: Among the flowering fields and mountains A friend of mankind sadly notices Everywhere ignorance is a murderous shame. Not seeing the tears, not heeding the groan, For the destruction of people, chosen by fate, Here nobility wild, without feeling, without law, Appropriated by a violent vine And labor, and property, and the time of the farmer. Leaning on an alien plow, submitting to scourges, Here lean slavery drags along the reins of the Inexorable owner. Here everyone drags a burdensome yoke to the grave, Not daring to nourish hopes and inclinations in the soul, Here young virgins bloom For the whim of an insensitive villain. Dear support of aging fathers, Young sons, comrades of labor, From their native huts come to multiply Yard crowds of tortured slaves. Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts! Why is a fruitless heat burning in my chest And the fate of ornateness has not given me a formidable gift? I see, my friends! an unoppressed people And slavery, fallen at the behest of the tsar, And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom Will the beautiful dawn finally rise?
Date of creation: July 1819
Analysis of Pushkin's poem "The Village"
In 1819, 20-year-old Pushkin came for a short time from St. Petersburg to his family estate Mikhailovskoye. It was here that his famous poem "The Village" was written, in which the author analyzes not only his own life, but also assesses the socio-political events that are taking place in Russia.
The poem "Village" was created in the form of an elegy, but its measured rhythm, which tunes in to a philosophical mood, is very deceptive. If in the first part of the work the poet confesses his love for his homeland, emphasizing that it was in Mikhailovsky that he was once serenely happy, then in the second part “a terrible thought darkens the soul here.”
Such a pessimistic mood of Pushkin is explained quite simply. As a teenager, the poet repeatedly thought about how imperfect and unfair the world is. People who are forced to work on the land from morning to night, drag out a miserable existence. And those who are accustomed to spend their days in idle amusement do not deny themselves anything. However, these thoughts were formed more clearly by the poet a little later, when in St. Petersburg he became quite close to the future Decembrists, imbued with their advanced ideas of brotherhood and equality at that time. That is why in the first lines of the poem "The Village" the poet, as if by chance, mentions that he "traded the vicious courtyard of the circus" for "the peaceful noise of oak trees, for the silence of the fields." This opposition is used by the author is by no means accidental. Pushkin, referring to native land, admits: "I am yours." He identifies himself not with the high society, on which, in fact, his fate and bright future depend, but with ordinary peasants, who are much closer and more understandable to the poet in spirit than counts and princes, who believe that only money rules the world. Therefore, returning to Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin notes that "I am here, freed from vain shackles, I am learning to find bliss in the truth."
However, the active and stormy nature of the poet cannot long enjoy the peace and tranquility of rural life while the world is rolling into the abyss. The poet is oppressed by the fact that people of his circle prefer not to notice the poverty and wretchedness of the life of serfs and do not consider them to be people. Against the backdrop of tears and suffering of thousands of the oppressed, “wild nobility, without feeling, without law” reigns, thanks to which the labor of slaves is appropriated by others. And at the same time, they believe that this is quite fair, because they are almost gods who came into this life solely in order to receive all conceivable and inconceivable pleasures.
In contrast to the "masters of life", the poet very figuratively and succinctly reproduces the life of those who drag on themselves "a burdensome yoke to the grave." These people are alien to such concepts as justice and freedom, since they do not know that such a thing is, in principle, possible. After all, from time immemorial, “here young virgins bloom for the whim of insensitive villains,” and young men who should become a reliable support for their fathers “go by themselves to multiply the courtyard crowds of tortured slaves.”
Turning to his people, downtrodden and oppressed, the poet dreams that his voice "know how to disturb hearts." Then the author would be able to change the world for the better with his poems and restore justice. However, Pushkin understands that it is almost impossible to do this, even with a huge poetic gift. Therefore, in the last lines of the poem, the poet wonders if he will ever see "slavery that fell due to the mania of the king." Pushkin still believes in the inviolability of the autocracy and hopes that the common sense of the august person will be able to put an end to the suffering of hundreds of thousands of Russian serfs who, by the will of fate, were born slaves.
Poem "Village".
Perception, interpretation, evaluation
In the summer of 1819 A.S. Pushkin traveled to Mikhailovskoye, the Novgorod estate of his mother. Under the impression of this trip, the poem "Village" was created. The first half of the poem, titled "Solitude", was published in a collection of 1826, but it was distributed in full in lists. Alexander I, having learned about these verses, demanded them to himself. The poet sent him a poem, and the tsar, who showed a certain liberality in those years, ordered "to thank Pushkin for the good feelings" that his work evokes. It was fully printed only in 1870, nine years after the abolition of serfdom.
We can attribute the poem to civil lyrics with landscape elements, its genre is elegy, but it also contains features of political satire.
The world of nature in this poem is opposed to the world of civilization. This antithesis is reflected in the composition of the work. The "village" consists of two parts. The first part is a harmonious, serene picture of rural nature and a description of the impressions of the lyrical hero. Its main idea is that nature and solitude make it possible to comprehend the truth and give rise to inspiration. The second part is the hero's thought about the "wild nobility", about the unjust social structure of the country. The second part contrasts with the first in its style and ideological content. The first part reminds us of a sentimental idyll, the second part - an ode. The poet passionately desires to help his people, exclaiming: "Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts!" He dreams of seeing his Motherland free:
I see, my friends! An unoppressed people And slavery, fallen at the behest of the king,
And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom Will the beautiful dawn rise at last?
The poem is written in free iambic, the poet uses various means artistic expressiveness: numerous epithets (“the vicious courtyard of the circus”, “luxurious feasts”, “scented stacks”, “bright streams”, “shy prayer”, “terrible thought”, “deadly shame”, “wild nobility”, “skinny slavery”, “beautiful dawn”), metaphor (“an invisible stream pours down my days”, “skinny slavery drags along the reins of the Relentless owner”), rhetorical appeals (to the village, to oracles, friends), anaphor (“Here skinny slavery drags along the reins of the Relentless owner Here, a burdensome yoke drags everyone to the grave... Here, young virgins bloom..."), archaisms ("ornateness is a formidable gift", "a fisherman's sail", "the vicious courtyard of a circus").
Thus, this work bears the stamp of classicism. This was also manifested in a solemn speech, in an upbeat, oratorical pathos, in an abundance of Slavonicisms, in the poet's use of ancient images.
Searched here:
- analysis of the poem Village
- analysis of the poem "Pushkin village"
- analysis of the poem Village Pushkin
Poem " Village" was written by Pushkin in 1819, in the so-called "Petersburg" period of his work. For the poet, this was a time of active participation in the socio-political life of the country, visiting the secret union of the Decembrists, friendship with Ryleev, Lunin, Chaadaev. The most important issues for Pushkin during this period were the social structure of Russia, the social and political lack of freedom of many people, the despotism of the autocratic-feudal system.
The poem "The Village" is devoted to the topic of serfdom, which was extremely relevant for that time. It has a two-part composition: the first part (up to the words "... but the thought is terrible...") is an idyll, and the second is a political declaration, an appeal to the powers that be.
The village for the lyrical hero is, on the one hand, a kind of ideal world where silence and harmony reign. In this land, "a haven of tranquility, work and inspiration", the hero gains spiritual freedom, indulges in "creative thoughts". The images of the first part of the poem - "a dark garden with its coolness and flowers", "bright streams", "striped fields" - are romanticized. This creates an idyllic picture of peace and tranquility. But a completely different side of life in the village opens in the second part, where the poet ruthlessly reveals the ugliness of social relations, the arbitrariness of the landowners and the disenfranchised position of the people. “Wild nobility” and “skinny slavery” are the main images of this part. They embody the "deadly shame of ignorance", all the wrongness and inhumanity of serfdom.
Thus, the first and second parts of the poem are contrasting, opposed to each other. Against the backdrop of beautiful, harmonious nature, the kingdom of "happiness and oblivion", depicted in the first part, the world of cruelty and violence in the second part looks especially ugly and flawed. The poet uses the technique of contrast to more clearly reveal the main idea of the work - the injustice and cruelty of serfdom.
The selection of figurative and expressive language means also serves the same purpose. The intonation of speech in the first part of the poem is calm, even, friendly. The poet carefully selects epithets, conveying the beauty of rural nature. They create a romantic and peaceful atmosphere: “the stream of my days is flowing”, “mills of wings”, “lake azure plains”, “peaceful noise of oak forests”, “silence of fields”. In the second part, the intonation is different. Speech becomes agitated. The poet selects well-aimed epithets, gives an expressive speech description: “wild nobility”, “chosen by fate to the destruction of people”, “tormented slaves”, “relentless owner”. In addition, the last seven lines of the poem are filled with rhetorical questions and exclamations. They demonstrate the indignation of the lyrical hero and his unwillingness to put up with the unjust structure of society.
Loading...