The verb is one of the most important units of language. Without it, it is impossible to construct an elementary simple sentence. That is why you should know how to use verbs correctly, taking into account the subject performing the action and the object to which this action is directed.
There are 3 persons of the verb in Russian.
1 person verbs
From the point of view of semantics, the first person expresses the action that is performed by the speaker or speakers. To determine 1 person in a verb, you need to determine the number. In Russian, the category of number is expressed by the plural and the singular.
To determine the form of the 1st person of the verb, it is necessary to substitute the pronouns "I" or "we". If a harmonious combination is obtained, and the verb has not lost its meaning, then this is 1 person.
Let's look at this with an example. Let's say the verb "read" 1 person, as it can be put together with the pronoun "I": I read. But the word "read" is no longer appropriate. Can't say " I'm reading".
2 person verbs
The 2nd person form of the verb denotes an action that is performed by an indirect object, and in a conversation by an interlocutor. 2nd person is defined by the pronouns "you" and "you". It is worth noting that in Russian the word "you" has 2 meanings: an appeal to a group of people and an appeal to a respected, senior person in rank or age.
The facial forms of verbs sometimes cause spelling difficulties. When writing verbs of the 2nd person, conjugations must be taken into account. So in the 2nd conjugation the endings are written - ish, -ite (you scream, you scream) and 1 conjugation - eat, eat (you sing, you sing).
3rd person verbs
Verbs of the 3rd person denote an action that is directed at an object or a person who is not participating in the conversation. They are defined by the pronouns "he, she, it" in the singular and "they" in the plural.
The person forms of the verb have some peculiarities. So, in the 3rd person, indicators of the gender category are erased. For verb forms of the 3rd person singular, the same endings exist: - et, -it. Let's look at examples:
He's sitting. She is sitting. It sits.
As you can see from the example, the action can be performed by masculine, neuter and feminine persons, but the verb will be the same.
For plural verbs of the 3rd person of the verb, there are endings - at in 2nd conjugation and - yat in the first conjugation. For instance, they write(1 conjugation) and they are sitting(2 conjugation).
Impersonal verbs
There are impersonal verbs in Russian. Such words denote an action that does not have a subject, that is, an action that occurs by itself. In sentences with such forms of verbs, there is no subject.
Impersonal verbs can mean:
1. Actions and phenomena of nature. For instance: It's freezing outside. We cannot substitute a pronoun and find out who exactly performed this action.
2. The human condition. This includes a small group of verbs. For instance, I'm not well.
3. Desired action, necessary. For instance, it would get warmer.
As a rule, impersonal verbs have the forms:
a) infinitive ( will freeze);
b) subjunctive mood ( dawn would).
It should be remembered that impersonal verbs never change in numbers and persons. They are in stable form. Impersonal verbs have forms of all moods, except for the imperative. If the verb is in the imperative mood, then it is definitely not impersonal (for example, the word " dusk"does not allow the imperative mood).
If we analyze the entire system of persons of verbs in Russian, we can conclude that there is nothing complicated in their definition. It is enough to know the main endings and accompanying pronouns. It turns out something like stable formulas.
It should be noted that in Russian the system of persons represents a special category. It will be easier to use it if you know about other changeable signs - conjugation, tense, number and moods that verbs can have.
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