Accounting for leased property will depend on who has the object on the balance sheet. And how lease payments are transferred - in advance or monthly. Accounting for leasing on the balance sheet of the lessee must be done with special entries.
Please note that. Account for assets under the new rules. Read the details in the magazine
Documentation of leasing from the lessee
Having received the property on lease, draw up an act of acceptance and transfer in any form. Or use the unified forms approved by the Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 No. 7.
For the received fixed asset, open a separate inventory card, for example, in form No. OS-6. At the same time, to account for the received property, you can use the inventory numbers assigned to it by the lessor (clause 14 Guidelines, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).
How to register the leased property to the lessee
If under the lease agreement the ownership of the asset does not transfer to you, put it on the off-balance account 001 “Leased fixed assets” at the cost specified in the lease agreement (clause 8 of the Instructions approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 17, 1997 No. 15). And do the wiring:
DEBIT 001
The object of leasing is taken into account.
If the ownership right is transferred (in practice it happens less often) - reflect the property according to the general rules for fixed assets. In this case, you will have to keep a full record of the property received on lease. On account 08, open the sub-account “Property received on lease”. And enter there the entire amount of the debt for the leased asset specified in the agreement, together with VAT (paragraph 2, clause 8 of Instructions No. 15, clauses 7 and 8 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets”). Create wiring:
DEBIT 08 sub-account "Property received on lease" CREDIT 76 sub-account "Value of the subject of leasing"
The value of the property received under the leasing agreement is reflected. In the same place, on account 08, reflect the costs associated with obtaining leased property (clause 8 of Instructions No. 15). For example, the cost of delivering an object, if you bear them under the terms of the contract. Or a state duty - if you lease a car and register it yourself with the traffic police before you start using it.
After the initial cost is formed and you put the object into operation, transfer the property to account 01. To do this, open a separate sub-account “Fixed assets received on lease”. And make a note:
DEBIT 01 sub-account "Fixed assets received on lease" CREDIT 08 sub-account "Property received on lease"
Reflected in property, plant and equipment leased property
Do I need to charge depreciation on leased property?
Depreciation on leased property is charged by the one who has the object on the balance sheet (clause 50 of the Methodological Instructions approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n, clause 2 of Article 31 of Law No. 164-FZ). This is usually the lessor.
In this case, charge depreciation starting from the month following the one in which the property was taken into account as a fixed asset (clauses 17 and 21 of PBU 6/01, clause 50 of Instructions No. 91n, clause 2 of Law No. 164-FZ ). And record:
DEBIT 76 sub-account "Value of the subject of leasing" CREDIT 02 sub-account "Depreciation on property received on lease"
Depreciation was accrued on property received on lease to reduce the debt of the lessee for the property received on lease
Leasing payments
Reflect leasing payments in accounting as part of the expenses for ordinary activities or in other expenses - depending on where you use the property: in the main activity or not (clauses 7, 11 and 18 of PBU 10/99 "Expenses of the organization", approved by order Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.99 No. 33n). Make this entry:
DEBIT 20 (91) sub-account "Other expenses"
CREDIT 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
The leasing payment for the property has been accrued.
On the payment date, make the posting:
DEBIT 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
CREDIT 51
The lease payment has been paid.
In tax accounting under the simplified tax system, leasing payments are attributed to expenses at the time of payment (subclause 4, clause 1, article 346.16 and clause 2, article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). And write down the amount in column 5 of section 1 of the Book of Income and Expenses. Sample is below. The exception is if you paid in advance. Then it will need to be distributed by the number of months. See the table below for details.
table
Accounting for lease payments received in advance for several months
Payment type |
Accounting |
tax accounting |
|---|---|---|
|
Advance lease payments for several months |
Reflect the transferred advance on a separate sub-account to account 60 “Calculations on advances issued” with the entry: DEBIT 60 (76) sub-account "Calculations on advances issued" CREDIT 51 The leasing payment is listed in advance. Do the following every month: DEBIT 20 (23, 25, 29, 44, 91 sub-account "Other expenses") CREDIT 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the leased asset" The leasing payment has been accrued; DEBIT 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for the use of the subject of leasing" CREDIT 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for advances issued" A part of the advance payment (advance payment) was offset against the debt to the lessor (clause 3 PBU 10/99) |
You will not be able to write off the entire prepayment as an expense. Since advances are not taken into account in the costs of "simplification". In this case, divide the entire amount of advance payments into equal parts by the number of months. Reflect the resulting value in expenses on the last day of each month (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia for Moscow dated 10.05.2006 No. 18-11/3/813) |
Confirm the settlements under the leasing agreement with the following documents:
- payment schedule under the lease agreement,
- act of acceptance and transfer of property,
- invoices and other payment documents.
Check that these documents contain all the required details specified in Part 2 of Article 9 of Federal Law No. 402-FZ of 06.12.2011. But it is not necessary to demand monthly acts on the provision of services from the lessor. The regulatory authorities agree with this (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 07.11.2011 No. 03-04-05 / 8-859, dated 13.11.2011 No. 03-03-06 / 4/118 and the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated 05.09.2005 No. 02-1 -07/81).
Accounting for transactions under a leasing agreement is regulated by Order No. 15 of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 1997.
Leasing entries depend on whose balance sheet reflects the leased property: the lessor or the lessee. The party on whose balance sheet the leased property is recorded must be specified in the lease agreement.
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessor
Leasing transactions correspond to the payment schedule located at the link.
If the lease agreement provides for the reflection of the leased asset on the balance sheet of the lessor, the lessee shall reflect the leased property on the off-balance sheet account 001 "Leased fixed assets".
The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" in correspondence with cost accounting accounts: 20, 23, 25, 26, 29 - when accounting for lease payments for property used in production activities, 44 - for property used in activity trade organization, 91.2 - for property that is used for non-production purposes. Further, for simplicity, in the examples of leasing accounting, only postings for the 20th account will be given.
Dt 001 - 1,000,000 (the object of leasing is accepted for accounting at a cost without VAT) Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236,000 (an advance payment (down payment) was paid under a leasing agreement)It should be borne in mind that the attribution to the costs of an advance under a leasing agreement (advance offset) may not be made immediately, but throughout the entire agreement. In the above payment schedule, the advance payment under the agreement is offset evenly (by 6,555.56 rubles) within 36 months.
Dt 20 - Kt 76 - 29,276.27 (lease payment No. 1 accrued - 34,546 minus VAT - 5,269.73) Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 5,269.73 (VAT accrued on lease payment No. 1) Dt 20 - Kt 60 - 5,555.56 (part of the advance payment under the leasing agreement is offset - 6,555.56 minus VAT 1,000)Dt 19 - Kt 60 - 1,000 (VAT is accrued on the offset of the advance)Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 6,269.73 ( VAT was submitted to the budget) Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 34 546 (leasing payment No. 1 was transferred)
The commission that is paid at the beginning of the leasing transaction (commission for the conclusion of the transaction) is attributed in accounting to the same expense accounts as the current leasing payments.
Postings for the repurchase of the subject of leasing
If there is a buyout price in the leasing agreement (this amount is absent in the given lease payment schedule, for example, let's take it equal to 1,180 rubles with VAT), the following entries are made in accounting: Dt 08 - Kt 76 - 1,000 (the costs of buying out the item leasing upon transfer of ownership to the lessee) Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 180 (VAT accrued upon redemption of the leased asset) Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 180 (VAT is presented to the budget) Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 1,180 (the amount of the purchase of the leased asset is paid )Dt 01 - Kt 08 - 1,000 (accepted for accounting the subject of leasing as part of own fixed assets)Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
The legislation governing the accounting of leasing does not contain unambiguous instructions on recording operations under a leasing agreement if the lessee is the balance holder of the property. At present, the practice of communication between lessees and leasing companies with auditors and inspection bodies has developed and a certain scheme of leasing transactions has been formed.Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
If, under the terms of the lease agreement, the property is recorded on the lessee's balance sheet, upon receipt of the leased asset in the lessee's accounting, the value of the property, net of VAT, is reflected in the debit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" in correspondence with the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors". acceptance of the leased asset for accounting as part of fixed assets, its value is debited from credit 08 of account to debit 01 of account "Fixed assets". The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the debit of account 76, subaccount, for example, "Settlements with the lessor" in correspondence with account 76, subaccount , for example, "Calculations on leasing payments". Depreciation on the subject of leasing is calculated by the lessee. The amount of depreciation of the leased asset is recognized as expenses for ordinary activities and is reflected in the debit of account 20 "Main production" in correspondence with the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation sub-account of leased property.Tax accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
In the tax accounting of the lessee, the leased property is recognized as depreciable property. The initial cost of the leased asset is determined as the sum of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition. property (taking into account the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups). In this case, the lessee has the right to apply to the depreciation rate increasing the coefficient up to 3. The specific size of the multiplying factor is determined by the lessee in the range from 1 to 3. This coefficient does not apply to leased property belonging to the first or third depreciation groups. Lease payments minus the amount of depreciation for leased property are related to production and sales costs.An example of accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
Leasing transactions correspond to the property lease payment schedule located at the linkThe lessee received a car under a leasing agreement, payment schedule parameters:
- term of the lease agreement – 3 years (36 months)
- the total amount of payments under the lease agreement - 1,479,655.10 rubles, incl. VAT - 225,710.10 rubles
- advance payment (down payment) - 20%, 236,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 36,000 rubles
- car cost - 1,180,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 180,000 rubles
Determine the amount of monthly depreciation in accounting. Because the value of the property (including the remuneration of the leasing company) is 1,253,945 rubles (1,479,655.10 - 225,710.10), the monthly depreciation will be 1,253,945: 48 = 26,123.85 rubles.
A passenger car belongs to the third depreciation group, therefore, a period of 48 months can be set in tax accounting. The monthly depreciation rate is 2.0833% (1: 48 months x 100%), the monthly depreciation amount is 1,000,000 x 2.0833% = 20,833.33 rubles.
In accordance with paragraph 10 of paragraph 1 of Article 264 Tax Code In the Russian Federation, the amount of the lease payment, monthly recognized as expenses for the purposes of taxation of profits, is 8,442.94 rubles (34,546 (leasing payment) - 5,269.73 (VAT as part of the lease payment) - 20,833.33 (monthly depreciation in tax accounting)) .
The expense under the leasing agreement is formed monthly in accounting at the expense of depreciation (26,123.85 rubles), in tax accounting - at the expense of depreciation (20,833.33 rubles) and lease payment (8,442.94 rubles), totaling 29,276 , 27 rubles. in accounting, the amount of expenses for 36 months (the term of the lease agreement) is less than in the tax accounting, this leads to taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities. 42 rubles (29,276.27 - 26,123.85) and a corresponding deferred tax liability arises in the amount of 630.48 rubles (3,152.42 x 20%).
Separately, it is necessary to say about the accounting of the advance (initial payment under the contract). The following situations are possible: 1. When transferring property for leasing, the lessor provides an invoice for the full amount of the advance (in the given schedule of leasing payments - for 236,000 rubles). In this case, the entire amount of the advance payment of the advance payment minus VAT in tax accounting is recognized as an expense for the purposes of taxation of profits. I would like to note that under a leasing agreement, services are provided throughout the entire agreement and the fiscal authorities have no reason to assess compliance with the criteria of clause 4 p. .2 Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the comparability of lease payments, t.to. individual payments cannot be considered as separate transactions, and the price under the leasing agreement must be analyzed in aggregate for all payments under the agreement.2. The advance payment under the leasing agreement is set off in equal installments during the entire lease term. In this case, the offset part of the advance payment is recognized as expenses in tax accounting for profit tax purposes.
In the given example of the lease payment schedule, it is assumed that the advance invoice is issued to the lessee when the property is leased, i.e. in tax accounting when transferring property to leasing, expenses in the amount of 200,000 rubles are reflected (advance payment, which is a leasing payment, depreciation is not deducted, because in the first month when transferring property to leasing, it is not yet accrued). This simultaneously creates a taxable temporary difference in the amount of 200,000 rubles and a corresponding deferred tax liability in the amount of 40,000 rubles (200,000 rubles x 20%).
At the end of the lease agreement, the lessee will continue to accrue depreciation monthly in accounting in the amount of 26,123.85 rubles. There will be no tax expense. This will lead to a monthly decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of 5,224.77 rubles (26,123.85 rubles x 20%). Thus, according to the results of the agreement, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities will be equal to zero: 40,000 ) + 22,697 (630.48 x 36 - deferred tax liability for current lease payments) - 62,697 (5,224.77 x 12 - reduction of deferred tax liabilities for 12 months of depreciation in accounting after the end of the lease agreement).
Transactions upon receipt of the object of leasing
Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236,000 (advance paid under the leasing agreement) Dt 08 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 1,253,945 (debt under the leasing agreement is reflected without VAT) Dt 19 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 225 710.10 (VAT is reflected under the leasing agreement) Dt 01 - Kt 08 - 1,253,945 (the car received under the leasing agreement was taken into account) Dt 76 - Kt 60 - 236,000 (the advance paid at the conclusion of the leasing agreement was offset) Dt 68 ( Income tax) - Kt 77 - 40,000 (reflected deferred tax liability) Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 36,000 (VAT is presented on advance payment)Postings on current lease payments
Dt 20 - Kt 02 - 26,123.85 (depreciation on the car was accrued) Dt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - Kt 76 (Settlements for lease payments) - 34,546 (the debt on leasing was reduced by the amount of the lease payment) Dt 76 "Calculations for lease payments" - Kt 51 - 34,546 (lease payment transferred) Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 5,269.73 (VAT is presented on the current lease payment) Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 630.48 ( reflected deferred tax liability)Postings at the end of the lease agreement
Dt 01 (Own fixed assets) - Kt 01 (Fixed assets received under leasing) - 1,253,945 (recorded the receipt of a car in ownership) Dt 02 (Depreciation of leasing property) - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 940,458.60 (reflected accrued depreciation on the car)Postings within 12 months after the end of the lease agreement
Dt 20 – Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) – 26,123.85 (depreciation accrued on a car) Dt 77 – Kt 68 (Income tax) – 5,224.77 (reduction of deferred tax liability is reflected)There is also a method in which the initial cost of the leased asset in accounting is equal to the cost of purchasing a car from the lessor, i.e. matches the value in the tax accounting. In this case, when accepting property for accounting, account 76 reflects only the debt at the cost of property. Lease payments are calculated monthly on the loan of account 20 in correspondence with account 76 in the amount of the difference between the accrued depreciation and the amount of the monthly lease payment. Choosing the most reasonable option for reflecting leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee, as well as agreeing with the leasing company on the optimal scheme for reflecting lease payments, is a very difficult task that requires good knowledge of the specifics of accounting for leasing operations and the specifics of the wording in the leasing agreement and primary documents.
Your company has already entered into a lease agreement and you have questions about how to reflect the lease in the accounting? In this article, you can find the necessary information and examples of accounting entries for various leasing operations.
Accounting for transactions under a leasing agreement is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 15 dated February 17, 1997.
Leasing entries depend on whose balance sheet reflects the leased property: the lessor or the lessee. The party on whose balance sheet the leased property is recorded must be specified in the lease agreement.
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessor
payment schedule.
If the lease agreement provides for the reflection of the leased asset on the balance sheet of the lessor, the lessee shall reflect the leased property on the off-balance sheet account 001 "Leased fixed assets".
The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" in correspondence with cost accounting accounts: 20, 23, 25, 26, 29 - when accounting for lease payments for property used in production activities, 44 - for property used in the activities of a trade organization, 91.2 - for property used for non-production purposes. Further, for simplicity, in the examples of leasing accounting, only postings for the 20th account will be given.
Dt 001 - 1 000 000(accepted for accounting the subject of leasing at a cost without VAT)
Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236 000(advance payment (initial payment) under the leasing agreement has been paid)
It should be borne in mind that the attribution to the costs of an advance under a leasing agreement (advance offset) may not be made immediately, but throughout the entire agreement. In the above payment schedule, the advance payment under the agreement is offset evenly (by 6,555.56 rubles) within 36 months.
Dt 20 - Kt 76 - 29 276.27(lease payment No. 1 accrued - 34,546 minus VAT - 5,269.73)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 5,269.73(VAT accrued on lease payment No. 1)
Dt 20 - Kt 60 - 5 555.56(part of the advance payment under the leasing agreement was offset - 6,555.56 minus VAT 1,000)
Dt 19 – Kt 60 – 1,000(VAT accrued on advance payment)
Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 6,269.73(VAT is presented to the budget)
Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 34 546(leasing payment No. 1 is listed)
The commission that is paid at the beginning of the leasing transaction (commission for the conclusion of the transaction) is attributed in accounting to the same expense accounts as the current leasing payments.
Postings for the repurchase of the subject of leasing
If there is a redemption price in the leasing agreement (this amount is absent in the given lease payment schedule, for example, let's take it equal to 1,180 rubles with VAT), the following entries are made in accounting:
Dt 08 – Kt 76 – 1 000(reflected are the costs of repurchasing the leased asset upon transfer of ownership to the lessee)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 180(VAT accrued upon redemption of the leased asset)
Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 180(VAT is presented to the budget)
Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 1 180(the amount of repurchase of the leased asset has been paid)
Dt 01 – Ct 08 – 1 000(accepted for accounting the subject of leasing as part of own fixed assets)
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
The legislation governing the accounting of leasing does not contain unambiguous instructions on recording transactions under a leasing agreement if the lessee is the balance holder of the property.
At present, the practice of communication between lessees and leasing companies with auditors and inspection bodies has developed, and a certain scheme of leasing transactions has been formed.
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
If, under the terms of the lease agreement, the property is recorded on the lessee's balance sheet, upon receipt of the leased asset in the lessee's accounting, the value of the property, net of VAT, is reflected in the debit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" in correspondence with the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors".
When the subject of leasing is accepted for accounting as fixed assets, its value is debited from credit 08 of account to debit 01 of account "Fixed Assets".
The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the debit of account 76, subaccount, for example, "Settlements with the lessor" in correspondence with account 76, subaccount, for example, "Calculations on lease payments".
Depreciation on the subject of leasing is made by the lessee. The amount of depreciation of the leased asset is recognized as expenses for ordinary activities and is reflected in the debit of account 20 "Main production" in correspondence with the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation sub-account of leased property.
Tax accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
In the tax accounting of the lessee, the leased property is recognized as depreciable property.
The initial cost of the leased asset is determined as the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition.
For profit tax purposes, the monthly depreciation amount is determined based on the product of the initial cost of the leased asset and the depreciation rate, which is determined based on the useful life of the leased property (taking into account the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups). In this case, the lessee has the right to apply to the depreciation rate increasing the coefficient up to 3. The specific size of the multiplying factor is determined by the lessee in the range from 1 to 3. This coefficient does not apply to leased property belonging to the first or third depreciation groups.
Leasing payments minus the amount of depreciation on leased property are included in the costs associated with production and sale.
An example of accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
Leasing transactions correspond to the property lease payment schedule located at the link
The lessee received a car under a leasing agreement, payment schedule parameters:
- term of the lease agreement – 3 years (36 months)
- the total amount of payments under the lease agreement - 1,479,655.10 rubles, incl. VAT - 225,710.10 rubles
- advance payment (down payment) - 20%, 236,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 36,000 rubles
- car cost - 1,180,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 180,000 rubles
The estimated period of use of the leased property is four years (48 months). The car belongs to the third depreciation group (property with a useful life of 3 to 5 years). Depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis.
Determine the amount of monthly depreciation in accounting. Because the value of the property (including the remuneration of the leasing company) is 1,253,945 rubles (1,479,655.10 - 225,710.10), the monthly depreciation will be 1,253,945: 48 = 26,123.85 rubles.
A passenger car belongs to the third depreciation group, therefore, a period of 48 months can be set in tax accounting. The monthly depreciation rate is 2.0833% (1: 48 months x 100%), the monthly depreciation amount is 1,000,000 x 2.0833% = 20,833.33 rubles.
In accordance with subparagraph 10 of paragraph 1 of article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the amount of the lease payment, monthly recognized as expenses for profit tax purposes, is 8,442.94 rubles (34,546 (leasing payment) - 5,269.73 (VAT as part of the lease payment) – 20,833.33 (monthly depreciation in tax accounting)).
The expense under the leasing agreement is formed monthly in accounting at the expense of depreciation (26,123.85 rubles), in tax accounting - at the expense of depreciation (20,833.33 rubles) and leasing payment (8,442.94 rubles), totaling 29,276 .27 rubles.
Because in accounting, the amount of expenses for 36 months (the term of the lease agreement) is less than in tax accounting, this leads to taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities.
During the term of the leasing agreement, the lessee has a monthly taxable temporary difference in the amount of 3,152.42 rubles (29,276.27 - 26,123.85) and a corresponding deferred tax liability arises in the amount of 630.48 rubles (3,152.42 x 20% ).
Separately, it is necessary to say about accounting for an advance (initial payment under the contract). The following situations are possible:
1. When transferring property for leasing, the lessor provides an invoice for the full amount of the advance(in the given schedule of leasing payments - by 236,000 rubles). In this case, the entire amount of the advance payment of the advance payment, net of VAT, is recognized in tax accounting as expenses for profit tax purposes.
I would like to note that under a leasing agreement, services are provided throughout the entire agreement and the fiscal authorities have no reason to assess compliance with the criteria of paragraph 4, paragraph 2, Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the comparability of leasing payments, because individual payments cannot be considered as separate transactions, and the price under the leasing agreement must be analyzed in aggregate for all payments of the agreement.
2. The advance payment under the leasing agreement shall be set off in equal installments during the entire leasing period. In this case, the creditable part of the advance payment is recognized as expenses in tax accounting for the purposes of taxation of profit.
In the given example of the lease payment schedule, it is assumed that the advance invoice is issued to the lessee when the property is leased, i.e. in tax accounting when transferring property to leasing, expenses in the amount of 200,000 rubles are reflected (advance payment, which is a leasing payment, depreciation is not deducted, because in the first month when transferring property to leasing, it is not yet accrued). This simultaneously creates a taxable temporary difference in the amount of 200,000 rubles and a corresponding deferred tax liability in the amount of 40,000 rubles (200,000 rubles x 20%).
At the end of the lease agreement, the lessee will continue to accrue depreciation monthly in accounting in the amount of 26,123.85 rubles. There will be no tax expense. This will result in a monthly decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of RUB 5,224.77 (RUB 26,123.85 x 20%).
Thus, according to the results of the agreement, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities will be equal to zero:
40,000 (deferred tax liability on advance payment) + 22,697 (630.48 x 36 - deferred tax liability on current lease payments) - 62,697 (5,224.77 x 12 - reduction of deferred tax liabilities for 12 months of depreciation in accounting accounting after the end of the lease agreement).
Transactions upon receipt of the object of leasing
Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236 000(advance paid under the lease agreement)
Dt 08 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 1,253,945(reflected the debt under the leasing agreement without VAT)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 225,710.10(reflected VAT under the lease agreement)
Dt 01 – Ct 08 – 1 253 945(a car received under a leasing agreement is accepted for accounting)
Dt 76 - Kt 60 - 236 000(advance paid at the conclusion of the lease agreement)
Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 40,000
Dt 68 (VAT) - Ct 19 - 36,000(VAT is presented on advance payment)
Postings on current lease payments
Dt 20 - Kt 02 - 26 123.85
Dt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - Kt 76 (Settlements on lease payments) - 34,546(reduced debt on leasing by the amount of the lease payment)
Dt 76 "Settlements for lease payments" - Kt 51 - 34,546(lease payment listed)
Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 5,269.73(VAT is presented on the current lease payment)
Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 630.48(reflected deferred tax liability)
Postings at the end of the lease agreement
Dt 01 (Own fixed assets) – Kt 01 (Fixed assets received under leasing) – 1,253,945(reflected the receipt of the car in the property)
Dt 02 (Depreciation of leasing property) - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 940,458.60(reflected accrued depreciation on the car)
Postings within 12 months after the end of the lease agreement
Dt 20 - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 26,123.85(depreciation accrued on the car)
Dt 77 - Kt 68 (Income tax) - 5,224.77(reflected reduction in deferred tax liability)
There is also a method in which the initial cost of the leased asset in accounting is equal to the cost of purchasing a car from the lessor, i.e. matches the value in the tax accounting. In this case, on account 76, when the property is accepted for accounting, only the debt at the cost of the property is reflected.
The accrual of lease payments is carried out monthly on the credit of account 20 in correspondence with account 76 in the amount of the difference between the accrued depreciation and the amount of the monthly lease payment.
Choosing the most reasonable option for reflecting leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee, as well as agreeing with the leasing company on the optimal scheme for reflecting lease payments, is a very difficult task that requires good knowledge of the specifics of accounting for leasing operations and the specifics of the wording in the leasing agreement and primary documents.
How can a lessee reflect lease payments for the use of property in accounting and taxation? How can a lessee reflect lease payments in terms of the redemption value in accounting and taxation? The answers are in the article.
Question: Accounting and tax accounting of leasing operations with the lessee (accounting for advance leasing payment, accounting for VAT, depreciation and redemption value)?
In accounting, reflect leasing payments on a monthly basis as expenses in correspondence with settlement accounts (,). Determine the nature of expenses depending on the direction of use of the leased asset. In the case of using the leased asset in the process of production and sale of goods (works, services), use the expense accounts for ordinary activities. In other cases, reflect other expenses:*
– accrued leasing payment for property used by the organization;
Debit 19 Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
– input VAT on leasing services is taken into account.
Upon receipt of an invoice from the lessor and the fulfillment of other necessary conditions:
– presented for deduction of input VAT on leasing services.
At the time of repayment of the debt to the lessor, make a note:
Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing" Credit 51
- The lease payment has been paid.
Paragraphs , , , and PBU 10/99 and Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts , , , , , , , ).
Recognize expenses regardless of the fact of transfer of funds to the lessor in the amount of the cost of services of each current month, established by the schedule of lease payments. This is due to the fact that the costs are accepted in accounting in monetary terms, equal to the amount of their payment and (or) accounts payable to the lessor. The amount of payment and (or) accounts payable is determined based on the price and conditions established by the contract (clause and 6.1 PBU 10/99).
The parties may agree that the object of leasing is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee.
Then, starting from the month following the one in which the property was accepted for accounting as part of fixed assets on account 01, start accruing depreciation.
This procedure follows from the provisions of paragraph 21 of PBU 6/01, paragraphs and instructions approved.
Set the useful life of the leased property in accordance with the general procedure . When determining the useful life, take into account all the factors provided for in paragraph 20 of PBU 6/01. That is:*
- expected period of use in accordance with performance and power;
- expected physical wear, depending on the mode of operation, natural conditions and the influence of an aggressive environment;
- legal and other restrictions on use (for example, lease term).
If the terms of the agreement do not provide for the redemption of property, the lessee has the right to determine the depreciation period based on the duration of the leasing agreement. This method is directly provided for by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 17 "Rent", put into effect by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 25, 2011 No. 160n. It states that unless there is reasonable assurance that the finance lease will become the property of the lessee at the end of the finance lease, the asset must be fully depreciated over the lease term. Therefore, the useful life can be set equal to the lease term.
This follows from the provisions of paragraphs and PBU 6/01, paragraph 7 PBU 1/2008, paragraph 59 of the instructions approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n, and is indirectly confirmed by letters from the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 6, 2011 No. 03- 05-05-01/94 and dated November 11, 2008 No. 03-05-05-01/66.
Situation: how the lessee should reflect in accounting payments and depreciation for leased property, which is taken into account on its balance sheet *
The lessee must charge depreciation on the leased property. Moreover, only lease payments should be reflected in expenses. This is explained as follows.
Leasing payments include the income of the lessor, as well as reimbursement of its costs associated with the acquisition, transfer of property to the lessee and other services provided for by the contract (clause 1, article 28 of the Law of October 29, 1998 No. 164-FZ). At the same time, the costs of the lessee in the form of lease payments meet all the conditions for recognizing expenses in accounting, established in clause 16 of PBU 10/99.
Depreciation of fixed assets is a way to pay off their value, and it should be charged by the organization on whose balance sheet this fixed asset is listed (paragraph 17 of PBU 6/01). At the same time, depreciation deductions can be recognized as expenses if they reimburse the cost of the fixed asset (). In this situation, this condition is not met.
The lessee does not bear the costs of acquiring the property, as these are the costs of the lessor. The lessee only reimburses them to the lessor in the amount of lease payments. Therefore, the lessee cannot recognize depreciation as an expense.
Therefore, write off depreciation to reduce the obligations reflected when receiving property on lease: on account 76, sub-account "Cost of the subject of leasing".
Thus, the accrual of lease payments and depreciation for the current month can be reflected in accounting with the following entries:
Debit 20 (25, 26, 44, 91-2 ...) Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
– the leasing payment for the current month has been accrued;
– depreciation for the current month was accrued on property received on lease, to reduce the debt of the lessee to the lessor for the property received on lease.
An example of the reflection in the accounting of the lessee of settlements on lease payments. Leased property is recorded on the balance sheet of the lessee*
In January 2009, Production Company Master LLC received production equipment under a non-repurchase leasing agreement for a period of 5 years (60 months). Under the terms of the agreement, the equipment is listed on the lessee's balance sheet. The value of the property is 967,000 rubles. (including VAT - 147,508 rubles). The total amount of leasing payments under the agreement is 1,300,000 rubles. (including VAT - 198,305 rubles). The amount of the monthly lease payment paid according to the schedule is 21,667 rubles. (including VAT - 3305 rubles). The first payment is made in January 2009.
The accountant of "Master" determined the useful life based on the term of the contract - 5 years (60 months). In accounting, the organization accrues depreciation on a straight-line basis.
In January, the following entries were made in the accounting of the organization.
Debit 08 subaccount "Property received on lease" Credit 76 subaccount "Value of the subject of leasing"
- 819,492 rubles. (967,000 rubles - 147,508 rubles) - the value of the property received on the balance sheet is reflected;
Debit 01 subaccount "Fixed assets received on lease" Credit 08 subaccount "Property received on lease"
- 819,492 rubles. – Leased equipment was put into operation.
Monthly from January 2009 until the end of payments according to the payment schedule:
- 18 362 rubles. (21,667 rubles - 3,305 rubles) - the lease payment for the current month has been accrued;
- 3305 rubles. – the input VAT is taken into account from the amount of the lease payment for the current month;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
- 3305 rubles. – presented for deduction of input VAT on leasing services;
- 21,667 rubles. - the lease payment for the current month has been paid.
Monthly from February until return of property:
Debit 76 subaccount "Value of the subject of leasing" Credit 02 subaccount "Depreciation on property received on lease"
- 13,658 rubles. (819,492 rubles: 60 months) - depreciation was charged to reduce the amount of liabilities for the value of property received for temporary use.
When calculating depreciation, the lessee may apply an accelerated depreciation coefficient of no more than 3 (paragraph 3, clause 9 of the instructions approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 17, 1997 No. 15).
But the application of increasing coefficients to the depreciation rate is provided for in accounting only when depreciation is calculated using the reducing balance method. This follows from the provisions of paragraph 19 of PBU 6/01, paragraph 54 of the instructions approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of October 13, 2003 No. 91n, and is confirmed by the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 5, 2011 No. 2346/11.
An example of accruing depreciation in accounting for a leased asset using the reducing balance method with an acceleration factor of 3*
LLC "Production firm "Master"" under a contract without redemption received a leased property in January and put it into operation. The value of the received property is 967,000 rubles. (including VAT - 147,508 rubles). The equipment is accounted for on the lessee's balance sheet.
The useful life of the equipment is 6 years (72 months).
In accounting, depreciation for this equipment is calculated based on the diminishing balance method with an acceleration factor of 3.
The annual depreciation rate is:
16 years? 100% = 16.6667%.
The annual depreciation amount for 2013 was:
RUB 409,747 ((967,000 rubles - 147,508 rubles) × 3 × 16.6667%).
Starting from February 2013, Master calculates equipment depreciation on a monthly basis in the amount of 34,146 rubles. (409,747 rubles : 12 months).
The residual value of the equipment at the end of 2013 will be:
RUB 443,886 (967,000 rubles - 147,508 rubles - (34,146 rubles? 11 months).
In 2014 (and subsequent years), the accountant recalculates the annual depreciation amount based on the residual value of the equipment.
The annual depreciation amount for 2014 will be:
RUB 221,943 (443,886 rubles? 3? 16.6667%).
Starting from January 2014, the "Master" monthly accrues depreciation on equipment in the amount of 18,495 rubles. (221,943 rubles: 12 months).
Advance payments
The lessee can make payments under the contract in advance. Reflect the transferred prepayment on a separate sub-account to account 60 “Calculations on advances issued” as follows: *
- the lease payment was transferred in advance.
In the period of the provision of the service, to which the prepayment was transferred, make entries in the accounting: *
Debit 20 (23, 25, 29, 44, 91-2 ...) Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Payments for the use of the leased asset"
- the leasing payment is accrued;
Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for the use of the subject of leasing" Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for advances issued"
- the transferred advance payment (part of it) was offset against the debt to the lessor.
This procedure is based on the provisions of paragraph 3 of PBU 10/99 and the Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts,).
An example of the reflection in the accounting of the lessee of the payment of advances under the leasing agreement. The organization applies the accrual method*
In January 2014, Production Company Master LLC received leased property under a non-purchase agreement. The term of the contract is 5 years (60 months). The total amount of leasing payments for the entire leasing period is 1,300,000 rubles. (including VAT - 198,305 rubles). The cost of the monthly leasing service according to the schedule is 21,667 rubles. (1,300,000 rubles: 60 months), including VAT in the amount of 3305 rubles. (198,305 rubles: 60 months). The cost of one year of leasing in January is to be transferred in advance in the amount of 260,004 rubles. (21,667 rubles? 12 months).
To account for settlements with the lessor, the accountant uses sub-accounts opened for account 60, - “Settlements for advances issued” and “Settlements for the use of the leased asset”.
In January, the following entries were made in the accounting of the organization.
Debit 60 subaccount "Calculations on advances issued" Credit 51
- 260,004 rubles. - paid an advance to the lessor;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 76 subaccount "VAT settlements from advances issued"
- 39,662 rubles. (260,004 rubles ? 18: 118) - presented for VAT deduction from the advance paid.
Starting from January and until the full write-off of the advance payment:
Debit 20 Credit 60 sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
- 18 362 rubles. - the leasing payment is accrued;
Debit 19 Credit 60 sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
- 3305 rubles. – the input VAT from leasing payments for the use of the subject of leasing is taken into account;
Debit 76 subaccount "VAT settlements from advances issued" Credit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements"
- 3305 rubles. – restored VAT, previously accepted for deduction from the advance;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
- 3305 rubles. – presented for deduction of VAT from the lease payment for the use of the leased asset;
Debit 60 subaccount "Settlements for the use of the subject of leasing" Credit 60 subaccount "Calculations on advances issued"
- 21,667 rubles. - a part of the advance payment issued to pay off the debt to
lessor.
Income tax
When calculating income tax, accounting for leasing payments depends on whose balance sheet the subject of leasing is listed - on the balance sheet of the lessor or on the balance sheet of the lessee.
Since the recognition of lease payments under the accrual method does not depend on the fact of payment, the advance transferred to the lessor does not need to be included in tax expenses (clause 1, article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Include in the costs the part of the advance that relates to the service already rendered.
If the organization uses the cash method, then lease payments must be reflected in the reporting period in which payment for the services rendered is actually transferred (clause 3 of article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If an advance has been issued on account of lease payments, it is impossible to reduce taxable profit on it (clause 3 of article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, letter of the UMNS of Russia for Moscow dated December 15, 2003 No. 23-10 / 4 / 69784).
Due to differences in the rules for recognizing lease payments as expenses in accounting and tax accounting, temporary differences may arise. For example, when applying the cash method in tax accounting. This follows from paragraph 8 of PBU 18/02.
Take into account the costs of leasing the property of service industries and farms separately (). Do not take into account the costs of leasing non-production facilities when calculating income tax. This is due to the fact that all expenses that reduce the tax base must be economically justified (clause 1, article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). That is, they are connected with the production activities of the organization.*
Property on the balance sheet of the lessee
If the property is transferred to the balance of the lessee, then take into account each lease payment minus the amount of accrued depreciation. The fact is that the property received on the balance sheet is recognized as depreciable (clause 10, article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
By including depreciation in expenses, the lessee already takes into account a certain part of the lease payment in his expenses. Therefore, when calculating income tax for other expenses, only the remaining part of the lease payment (minus the amount of accrued depreciation) should be written off (). Otherwise, the tax cost may unlawfully double (clause 5, article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
An exception is provided for organizations that use the cash method of tax accounting. They do not need to adjust the amount of lease payments for accrued depreciation.
The fact is that with the cash method, depreciation is allowed only for paid-for property received in ownership (subclause 2, clause 3, article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). And since the leased property can become the property of the lessee only if its redemption is provided, it is impossible to depreciate the received object until this moment (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 15, 2006 No. 03-03-04 / 1/761). Therefore, regardless of whose balance sheet the subject of leasing is taken into account, under the cash method, all lease payments are included in other expenses as they are paid ().*
Services for the transfer of property on lease are subject to VAT (subclause 1, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 3, 2011 No. 03-07-08 / 247). Accordingly, the input VAT presented by the lessor can be deducted if there is an invoice and relevant primary documents (in addition, other conditions necessary for applying the deduction must be met) (and clause 1, article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). *
How can the lessee reflect in accounting and taxation leasing payments in terms of the redemption value
Payment of the purchase price
Do not include payments for the purchase of leased property in expenses before the transfer of ownership. They are not subject to the procedure for accounting for lease payments for the temporary use of property.
Settlements for the repurchase of leasing property should be reflected in the debit of account 60 (), by opening a sub-account for it “Calculations for the repurchase of the subject of leasing”. When the payment of the redemption value is provided for at the end of the contract, reflect this operation in accounting as follows: *
Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for the repurchase of the leased asset" Credit 51 (50 ...)
- paid the redemption value of the leased asset.
If you transfer the redemption value during the term of the contract, then allocate these amounts to advances. Do this until the ownership of the leased asset passes from the lessor to your organization. For convenience, use a separate sub-account "Calculations on advances issued" to account 60 ():
Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Calculations on advances issued" Credit 51
- an advance payment was transferred on account of the redemption value of the property received on lease.
Do not forget to reflect VAT from the advance:
Debit 19 Credit 76 sub-account "VAT settlements from advances issued"
- VAT paid as part of the advance payment is taken into account;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
– presented for deduction of input VAT upon receipt of an advance invoice.
And at the time of the transfer of ownership, make the posting:
Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for the repurchase of the subject of leasing" Debit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for advances issued"
– an advance payment was offset against the redemption value of the leased asset;
Debit 19 Credit 68 sub-account "VAT calculations"
– restored VAT, previously presented for deduction from advances;
Debit 76 subaccount "VAT settlements from advances issued" Credit 19
- the recovered amount of VAT is written off.
This procedure follows from the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 19 of the Law of October 29, 1998 No. 164-FZ, articles and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraphs, PBU 10/99 and Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts,,,,,,).*
Property on the balance sheet of the lessee
If the subject of leasing was taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee (i.e. your organization) on account 01, then first reflect its disposal in the following order: *
- the amount of accrued depreciation on the subject of leasing is written off;
– the residual value of the leased property is written off (if it is not fully depreciated by the time of redemption).
This accounting procedure follows from paragraphs, PBU 6/01, Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts,,,,).
Once ownership of the property has passed to your organization, record the property as newly acquired.
An example of the reflection by the lessee in accounting of settlements under a leasing agreement with the right to purchase. The contract provides for the payment of the redemption value upon expiration of its validity period. Leased property is recorded on the lessee's balance sheet. The term of the contract is less than the useful life*
In April 2008 OJSC "Production Company "Master"" received equipment under a leasing agreement for five years (60 months). Upon the expiration of the contract, the "Master" redeems the object of leasing. The useful life of the property is six years (72 months). The value of the property is 967,000 rubles. (including VAT - 147,508 rubles).
The total amount of leasing payments for the entire leasing period is 1,300,000 rubles. (including VAT - 198,305 rubles). The distribution of payments by types of expenses is as follows:
- the redemption value payable at the end of the contract is 216,667 rubles. (including VAT - 33,051 rubles);
- the cost of using the property (financial lease) - 1,083,333 rubles. (including VAT - 165,254 rubles).
The amount of the monthly lease payment for the use of property according to the schedule is 18,056 rubles. (1,083,333 rubles: 60 months), including VAT - 2,754 rubles.
In the agreement, the parties agreed that leasing payments begin to accrue from the month following the month the equipment was handed over to Master. The property is transferred to the balance of the lessee.
In April 2008, Master's accountant recorded the following entries in accounting:
Debit 08 Credit 76 sub-account "Cost of the subject of leasing"
- 819,492 rubles. (967,000 rubles - 147,508 rubles) - reflects the cost of the leased asset transferred to the balance of the "Master";
Debit 01 Credit 08
- 819,492 rubles. equipment is included in property, plant and equipment.
Monthly from May 2008 until the end of the contract in April 2013:
Debit 76 subaccount "Value of the subject of leasing" Credit 02 subaccount "Depreciation of leased property"
- 11 382 rubles. (819,492 rubles: 72 months) - depreciation for the current month was charged to reduce the amount of liabilities for the value of property received for temporary use;
Debit 20 Credit 60 sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
- 15,302 rubles. (18,056 rubles - 2,754 rubles) - a lease payment for the use of equipment has been accrued;
Debit 19 Credit 60 sub-account "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing"
- 2754 rubles. – the input VAT from the leasing payment is taken into account;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
- 2754 rubles. – presented for deduction of input VAT on leasing services;
Debit 60 subaccount "Payments for the use of the subject of leasing" Credit 51
- 18,056 rubles. - transferred lease payment.
In April 2013:
Debit 02 subaccount "Depreciation of leasing property" Credit 01 subaccount "Fixed assets received on lease"
- 682,920 rubles. (11,382 rubles? 60 months) - at the end of the contract, the accrued depreciation is written off
the subject of leasing;
Debit 76 subaccount "Value of the subject of leasing" Credit 01 subaccount "Fixed assets received on lease"
- 136,572 rubles. (819,492 rubles - 682,920 rubles) - leased property was deregistered at residual value;
Debit 08 Credit 60 sub-account "Calculations for the repurchase of the leased asset"
- 183,616 rubles. (216,667 rubles - 33,051 rubles) - the purchase of equipment is reflected;
Debit 19 Credit 60 sub-account "Calculations for the repurchase of the leased asset"
- 33,051 rubles. – VAT is taken into account on the redemption value of the leased asset;
Debit 60 sub-account "Calculations for the repurchase of the leased asset" Credit 51
- 216,667 rubles. - the redemption value of the property is transferred to the lessor;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
- 33,051 rubles. – presented for deduction of input VAT from the cost of purchased equipment;
Debit 01 Credit 08
- 183,616 rubles. - purchased equipment is accepted for accounting.
From the next month after the equipment was registered, the accountant began to calculate depreciation.
Receipt of purchased property
Take the purchased property into account as an object of your own fixed assets, inventories or goods - depending on the cost at which your organization eventually bought this object and for what purposes it will be used in the future. Based on this, use the corresponding accounting accounts ( , , ...):
Debit 08 (10, 41 ...) Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Calculations for the repurchase of the leased asset"
- reflected the acquisition of the former subject of leasing;
Debit 19 Credit 60 (76) sub-account "Settlements for the repurchase of the leased asset"
– VAT is taken into account on the redemption value of the leased asset;
Debit 68 subaccount "VAT settlements" Credit 19
– presented for deduction of input VAT upon receipt of the invoice.
Accept property for accounting at the acquisition price, that is, at the redemption value, but taking into account other costs associated with the transfer of ownership (for example, state duties).
Do not include inseparable improvements of the leased asset in the initial cost of the purchased property. They have already been taken into account as a separate inventory object before the transfer of ownership.
Having taken into account the purchased property as part of fixed assets on account 01 (PBU 6/01,).
Income tax
In tax accounting, costs in the amount of lease payments for the use of property reduce the basis for calculating income tax. The procedure for recognizing such costs depends on the method of determining income and expenses and on whose balance sheet the leased asset is listed.
But for the recognition of expenses in the form of a redemption value, it does not matter which of the parties took into account the leased property on its balance sheet before its redemption. The redemption value of the leased asset is a payment for the acquisition of property into ownership, and not for the use and possession of it. Therefore, such expenses can be recognized after the end of the lease agreement in the usual manner established for the recognition of the costs of acquiring a new object. That is, depending on whether such property is recognized as depreciable or not. In addition, a different procedure for recognizing costs will be for property that will be used in production and intended for sale.
In the initial cost of such property, in addition to the redemption price, also include the costs associated with the transfer of ownership. As a general rule, do not include VAT and excises in the initial cost.
The depreciation rate for such property is determined based on the useful life. However, do not forget to reduce this period by the period of its operation before redemption. That is, the period provided for the depreciation group to which the property belongs can be reduced by the period of time during which it was leased. It does not matter on whose balance the object was listed. This possibility is provided for by paragraph 7 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, part of the redemption costs can be recognized at a time by applying and).
Article 273 and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Purchase price in advance
Leasing payments on account of the redemption value, transferred during the term of the agreement, are an advance payment. When calculating income tax, the amounts of advance payments issued do not reduce taxable income. This rule applies both when using the accrual method, and in the case of using the cash method.
This follows from the provisions of paragraph 14 of Article 270, paragraph 3 of the mandatory conditions for this. That is, the property was accepted for accounting and a correctly executed invoice was received from the lessor.*
Situation: when it is possible to deduct the amount of input VAT from the redemption value of the leased property, which was paid during the term of the lease agreement
Accept input VAT for deduction in the general order for advances.
Do this when all the necessary conditions are met. After the ownership of the leased asset passes to you from the lessor and an invoice is received, the amount of VAT previously accepted for deduction from a part of the redemption value will have to be restored. And then again deduct the tax presented by the lessor, but from the value of the asset received into ownership.
This procedure is established in paragraph 1 of Article 154 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
It is believed that leasing property is more profitable than buying it with borrowed funds. Most often, firms and entrepreneurs lease various equipment, vehicles.
Leasing agreements (financial leases) are a type of lease agreements. They are regulated by Chapter 34 of the Civil Code and the Federal Law of October 29, 1998 No. 164-FZ “On Financial Leasing (Leasing)”.
Based on the lease agreement, the lessor:
- acquires ownership of specific property from a particular seller for its transfer to the lessee as a leased asset for a certain fee, for a certain period, on certain conditions;
Under a lease agreement, the lessee:
- accepts the subject of leasing in the manner prescribed by the leasing agreement;
- pays the lessor leasing payments in the manner and within the time limits stipulated by the leasing agreement;
- at the end of the term of the leasing agreement returns the object of leasing, unless otherwise provided by the leasing agreement, or acquires the object of leasing in ownership;
- fulfills other obligations arising from the content of the lease agreement.
The lease agreement is always paid in nature.
An object transferred under a leasing agreement can be accounted for on the balance sheet of both the lessor and the lessee. This is determined by the contract. The procedure for accounting and redemption of leased property, as well as taxation, depends on this.
First, let's look at some important points that the lessee should keep in mind.
1. The object is leased along with all accessories and documents for it.
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