The machine "Kayur" produced by a domestic manufacturer is a snowmobile, for the first time produced without regard to foreign analogues. It is “tailored” quite well, despite the explicit principle “simplicity is the key to reliability”.
Snowmobile Musher: design features
The Musher snowmobile engine is a GX-390 power unit from Honda, which has established itself as one of the best motors used for power equipment. In addition to a fairly powerful engine, the snowmobile is also equipped with a hydraulic disc brake, a variator and hydraulic suspensions, and the shock absorbers are very similar to those from Izhevsk. There is no reverse gear, but this, if I may say so, disadvantage is fully compensated by the small dimensions of the machine itself and low weight.
The obvious disadvantage is the absence of any fuel gauge, which greatly complicates the process of refueling and monitoring the fullness of the tank. Also, the snowmobile does not have an hour meter and an odometer, despite the fact that for all these devices on the body vehicle there are castings. The only way out is to carry a five-liter can of fuel. You can place it in the seatpost capacity, since there is enough space there.
Controllability
Snowmobile "Kayur", the reviews of the owners of which confirm given fact, very easy to manage. It is also worth noting that it is pleasant and comfortable to sit on it: the legs are bent almost at a right angle, so that they do not become numb, while you can stand up if necessary - you don’t even need to bend.
At first glance, it seems that the snowmobile's steering wheel is too small, but while driving, all fears dissipate - it is quite convenient to drive the machine. Lightweight transport does not fall through even on the loosest snow due to the large bearing area of caterpillars and skis.
disadvantages
"Kuyur" is a snowmobile, which, unfortunately, is not designed to ride alone with a passenger. Adults in warm clothes will not sit on a short saddle. Of course, you can ride, but you will have to do it in cramped quarters. This disadvantage refers not so much to ride comfort as to the controllability of the vehicle as a whole. A compact and lightweight vehicle requires active body work during movement, and even with one rider it is prone to tipping over, let alone two people - even the Musher snowmobiles cannot withstand this. Feedback from hunters confirms this - the remedy, unfortunately, is designed for only one driver.
The second disadvantage is the power of the engine. "Kayur" is a snowmobile, which is quite possible to disperse up to 50 km / h on a trodden snow cover, however, on loose virgin soil, the car is unlikely to go faster than 25-35 km / h. The situation with the passenger is quite sad: the speed does not exceed the usual walking speed. The motor limiter cuts off more than half the power of the power unit, significantly lowering the speed range.
Snowmobile "Kayur": photos and advantages
However, despite two rather significant disadvantages, it is worth remembering that the Musher is a snowmobile that looks more like a scooter for winter travel than a full-fledged tourist transport. It causes similar associations in many owners. The snowmobile "Kayur", reviews of which confirm this, in many ways resembles a scooter - in terms of dynamics, weight, dimensions and ease of control.
It is very easy to steer a practically weightless machine, the process itself does not require any effort from the pilot. Even on bare ice, the device does not turn into uncontrollable and superbly obeys the driver. After a couple of minutes, the car's tendency to "ears" ceases to be such a minus and turns into a real pleasure. A snowmobile may well ride only on one ski, lifting the second up, and not only along a curve, but also in a straight line for an unlimited time. The only thing to pay attention to here is that the caterpillar may come off due to poor tension. So before committing such tricks, it is worth checking the wheelbase.
Cross-country ability and suspension capabilities
“Kaur” is a snowmobile that looks more like a “toy” than a full-fledged tourist transport, so you should not expect something unimaginable from it. Despite this, you can make him jump. If necessary, a snowmobile can easily withstand a jump and subsequent impact from a parapet a height of one meter, but it is still not designed for this. Even when landing from a height of a couple of tens of centimeters, the shock absorbers work until breakdown, which, accordingly, does not benefit either the snowmobile itself or the pilot's vertebrae.
It’s better not to cut through unfamiliar areas on the Musher - its suspension, unfortunately, does not have practically any reserve of energy intensity.
Snowmobile "Kayur": specifications and parameters
The economical and compact Itlan-Kayur is the first domestic snowmobile, created, as mentioned above, without the use of foreign experience. In this development, manufacturers focused on operational features in conditions Russian roads and took as a basis the experience and feedback of hunters, fishermen and racers. The resulting machine is small in size and light in weight, which has a positive effect on its maneuverability. A huge advantage of the snowmobile is the ability to transport it on a conventional car trailer, which is not available for its foreign counterparts.
With which the transport is equipped, it provides it with a sufficient level of cross-country ability, allowing you to drive not only along trodden paths, but also on deep loose surfaces. The power unit is the Japanese Honda GX390, which meets Euro 2 standards and has a power of 13 horsepower with a torque of 3600 rpm. The engine itself is considered "indestructible" - the warranty alone is given for 1500 hours, which is very, very good for such a machine. And with proper handling and use of high-quality engine oil, its working life can be made truly endless.
The caterpillars mounted on the "Kayur" are standard "Buranovsky" sizes, however, they have separate brackets for the rail suspension. They are produced by CJSC Composite. The products of this manufacturer have been repeatedly tested on similar snowmobiles such as "Buran" and "Taiga". Goods are affordable and delivered in a short time. The dry weight of the machine is small - about 120 kg. It was possible to achieve such a mass thanks to the use of a special welded frame, produced using a laser sheet cutter and software pipe benders.
These are quite good specifications. The handling and obedience of the snowmobile makes it an indispensable vehicle for hunters and fishermen.
The cost of the snowmobile "Kaur"
This transport belongs to the lower price segment. The cost of "Kayur" depends on the configuration and options and averages 160-163 thousand rubles. A snowmobile can be a little cheaper if it has a KAYUR-420 engine rather than a standard Honda one. Of course, he is far from full-fledged units, but if you need a small car for fast and comfortable movement, then the Musher is an ideal option in terms of price-quality ratio.
Results
Summarizing all of the above, we can say that the Musher snowmobile is a very good transport offered by the domestic market. It is ideal for those who cannot afford to purchase and maintain a full-fledged device.
Of course, he also has his drawbacks - insufficient power, inability to carry luggage or a passenger. Despite this, the Musher has small dimensions and weight, takes up little space in the garage, is unpretentious in maintenance and is equipped with a good power unit, which is distinguished by reliability and simplicity. A snowmobile is ideal for those who do not want to overpay for fame and brand, but at the same time want to get a quality car.
In a clearing covered with snow, light bedlam reigns. Two dozen dogs, mostly huskies, howl, bark and run through the snow while their owners set up sleds and put harnesses on the dogs. But then the musher gets up on the sled and shouts to the harnessed six dogs: “Hop, hop, forward!” - and the team, under the creak of snow, taxis onto the knurled track. Behind her is the second team, then the third. Silence descends on the forest - when the dogs are busy with business, they are not up to barking. We seemed to be transported to Alaska, in the days of the gold diggers from the novels of Jack London. In fact, we didn’t have to travel far - “PM” visited the usual Sunday training of enthusiasts of northern sled dogs in Korolev, near Moscow. Enthusiasts of this sport Maxim Lyubavin and Alexander Bondarev shared with us the secrets of riding northern sled dogs.
Northern and beyond
The exploration and development of the northern regions would have been impossible without dogs, it was with their help that people were able to reach the most inaccessible places, including the poles of the Earth. There are still places on our planet where dogs serve as the main vehicle. A hundred years ago there were many more such places, but even now sled dogs are not so exotic, especially in the Arctic. True, in our time, dog sledding has become a beautiful sport, recreation and lifestyle - now dogs are ridden not so much for purely applied purposes, but just for fun.
“The northern dog is the main support of polar expeditions. Yes, the dog was the first on April 6, 1909, to touch the point where North Pole; the dog was the first to set foot on the South Pole on December 14, 1911. Paul-Emile Victor
Dog sled racing is divided into two classes. The Northern Sled Dog (CEC) class includes traditional sled dogs such as Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Greenland Dogs and Samoyeds. They also have a specialization: Alaskan Malamutes are heavyweights, large and slow, but powerful, and small Siberian Huskies are hardy and fast runners. Dogs of any breed can perform in the open class without restrictions, and they often go faster than sled dogs on prepared tracks for short distances.
But there is a downside - as a rule, such dogs (for example, Dobermans) do not tolerate cold very well, so their element is mainly sprint competitions in not too harsh conditions. Northern sled dogs, on the contrary, feel great in conditions of cold, snow and wind, and although they are not so fast, they can keep their pace for tens and even hundreds of kilometers (normal daily mileage is 40-60 km). On halts they are unpretentious: from food they manage with frozen fish, and a warm “fur coat” allows them to rest right on the snow even in the most severe frosts. But in spring and summer, when the temperature exceeds 13-14 degrees, northern dogs have holidays: running at such temperatures is fraught with heat stroke for them.
Musher Alexander Bondarev and his team of six huskies. When the dogs are pulling the sledges, they run silently, not being distracted by barking, and when they run for a long time, they still have time to eat snow, compensating for the loss of fluid.
Growling engine
To fully transfer the engine torque to the wheels, the car needs a transmission. In the case of dogs, its role is played by a harness - each dog is put on a special harness, which allows you to more evenly distribute efforts on the shoulders, chest and back of the animal. The harness should not be too loose so as not to rub, and not too tight so as not to restrict movement.
Maxim Lyubavin tries on fleece "slippers" to protect his paws from sharp crust or ice frozen between his toes. Slippers wear out - according to Maxim, during the expedition to the New Siberian Islands, more than five hundred pairs of such "shoes" were used up.
The two main harness configurations are fan and train. In the fan, as the name implies, each dog pulls the sled with its own pull, and the leaders are harnessed to the sides, they help the team turn. The musher can control the dogs directly by pulling the lines, but the fan configuration has a lot of disadvantages. It is impossible to harness many dogs with a fan - they will interfere with each other. A sufficiently wide fan team can only be used on hard snow and in an open field - where the open spaces are not limited in any way. In deep snow, among hummocks or in the forest, the fan team is inconvenient and therefore is almost never used now.
The most common way to harness dogs is a train harness, when the dogs are fastened with traces to the center line one or (more often) two in a herringbone pattern. So that the train harness does not “spread out” in width, each dog is also fastened to the center line by the collar, and the first two - “leaders” (leaders) - are fastened by collars to each other. As leaders, they usually put not the leaders and not the strongest, but the most intelligent dogs who “know the way” - they are the ones who direct the entire team.
Alexander Bondarev, the owner of eight husky sleds, demonstrates how to properly put on harnesses and fasten dogs to the center line. The line is equipped with a special shock absorber to reduce the load on the dogs during sharp jerks.
Behind them are harnessed "wheels", and closest to the sledges are the "indigenous" - the strongest dogs that carry the greatest load. The center line is equipped with a shock absorber that smooths out sharp jerks so that the dogs do not overstrain. The train team, elongated and quite maneuverable, easily passes through narrow places. It is controlled exclusively by voice - well-trained sled dogs must recognize the four basic commands of the musher: "forward", "stop", "right" and "left". Any use of force (pole, whip) is considered a serious violation in competitions, and the mushers themselves treat dogs more like family members than as draft power.
snow transport
The traditional northern sled is a long narrow sledge assembled from wooden parts fastened with deerskin straps. Thanks to this design, the sledges "walk", while moving exactly following the details of the relief. According to an old northern tradition, a man had to make sleds for himself. with my own hands, but now, of course, you can do it easier and buy ready-made ones. “Modern sleds are a combination of tradition with the highest sports technology,” explains Maxim Lyubavin, Russian representative of Danler, an Austrian sled manufacturer.
In the footsteps of Kolchak
In 1903, 28-year-old Lieutenant Alexander Kolchak led a rescue expedition equipped by the Imperial Academy of Sciences to find out the fate of the group of Eduard Toll, who was looking for the legendary Sannikov Land. After 110 years, in April-May 2013, a group of enthusiasts repeated the path of Kolchak as part of the expedition “Paths of pioneers. New Siberian Islands" under the leadership of German Arbugaev. “We started from Yakutsk, flew on a cargo-passenger flight to the village of Deputatsky, then reached Yukagir by helicopter, from where we were already walking on a dog-drawn vehicle,” says Maxim Lyubavin, a member of the expedition, a musher from one of the teams. - Then we reached the extreme point of the mainland, Cape Svyatoy Nos, went to the Laptev Sea, passed Cape Dezhnev, about. Bolshoi Lyakhovsky, Fr. Kotelny, and reached Cape Anisy, to the non-freezing part of the Arctic Ocean - the Great Siberian Polynya, where Toll allegedly died, trying to cross from about. Bennett on about. Boiler room. We returned along approximately the same route, covering 1,550 km in a month.” The transport consisted of two teams (10 and 12 dogs) and a cargo snowmobile, which was carrying one and a half tons of supplies (the expedition was completely autonomous and did not use “casting”, a two-day supply of provisions, tents and sleeping bags were carried in the sledges). According to Maxim, the Yakut dogs were in excellent shape and had a great trip, moving at a steady pace, although not too fast (the longest run was 125 km, covered in 18 hours). The greatest difficulties were caused by hummocks, which greatly slowed down the progress (they had to either go around or cut the path). In addition, a blizzard caused problems, during which, due to almost zero visibility, it was impossible to move, and food supplies were consumed at the same pace (each dog ate more than 1 kg of fish per day).
- The frame of the sled is also not rigid, but articulated, and even adjustable in height - for the same purposes of following the terrain. Now the frame is made of aluminum and carbon fiber, and a canopy with compartments for things is pulled over it. Walking or sports sleds, depending on the size, can be designed for teams of two to ten dogs and weigh up to 10 kg, more durable and heavy expeditionary sleds - about 20 kg.
The runners of modern sports sleds resemble cross-country skis in appearance - narrow (30–40 mm wide) and long (more than 2 m). But in terms of technology, they rather resemble not cross-country skis, but mountain skis - with wooden cores and a sliding surface made of sintered polyethylene. The deflection at the runners is shifted back, to where the musher stands, driving the sledges.
There are brakes, and in abundance: a "soft" brake - a rubber corrugated mat pressed against the snow for a little braking in corners, a "hard" brake - an arc that cuts into snow and ice (usually it is not allowed to use it in competitions - it spoils the track ), and "parking brake" - snow anchors. Expeditionary sleds are distinguished by a stronger and heavier construction, a large cargo compartment, titanal inserts in the skids and a brake chain lowered under the skids. In addition, so that the musher can rest a little on long journeys, expedition sleds can be equipped with a folding seat.
The sledges are equipped with an adjustable bow (often with built-in mittens) that the musher holds on to. But their steering is foot-operated, with a slight displacement of the skids. Like a good driver, a good musher must understand where the dogs will run in the next moment, and, depending on this, control the position of the center of gravity and runners. To understand the basic elements, a few “driving” lessons are enough, but to become a good musher, as Maxim Lyubavin says, “you need to be half a dog yourself.”
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The school of a musher (driver of a team of sled dogs) is held in two versions:
In the form of a winter ski trip with a dog sled
In the form of a training course with accommodation in the village and radial exits
Ski trip accompanied by a dog sled with training in driving sled dogs.
Number of people in the group 1-2
The cost for the winter of 2012 - 2013 is 25,300 rubles * (the cost of vyat is from the average and is calculated individually for each group)
Autotransfer to the village Kaga (Beloretsky district, Bashkiria)
Gathering equipment
Acquaintance with dogs
Trekking 10 km along the valleys of the rivers Agidel (Belaya) and Irlya to ur. Changeling
Inspection of the rock Irlinsky stone.
Dinner, overnight in a hunting hut
Trekking 8 km ridge Chernaya Gora 718, 8m - Zolotarsky key (where gold is mined to this day) - ur Abashkin Islands Landscape photography. Photo hunting.
Radial exit (without things), depending on the weather and snow conditions
Or a 15 km hike to the small Shatak ridge 950, 8 m, a visit to the Schepkno tract, where 800 year old larches grow - ur Nekrutskoe
Or 22 km climbing to the peak of Shatak 1271, 7 m with a visit to Nekrutskoe, Stone Key, Kuzhak - shops.
Dinner, optional sauna, billiards
Transition 25 km Abashkiny Islands - Valley of the river Belaya (Agidel) - Black River - tour shelter on a farm. Birch.
Crossing 25 km hut. Birch - with. Kaga along the valley of the river Belaya (Agidel) on the way inspection of the natural monument sk. Blast gate, ur Klyanchino, sk. Wolf
Festive dinner, bath, departure.
School of a musher with accommodation in a village house
Seasonality - December 15 - March 15
Number of people in the group 1-2 (possibly with children)
Meals 3 times a day: breakfast and dinner hot - lunch snack on the road
The cost for the winter of 2012 - 2013 is 12,600 rubles * (the cost of vyat is from the average and is calculated individually for each group)
1 day
Meeting at the railway station or airport in Ufa, Beloretsk or Magnitogorsk.
Road crossing from Kaga (Beloretsky district, Bashkiria)
Familiarization with equipment
Introduction to sled dogs
Trial radial trip 3-5 km
2 -4 day
Radial dog sledding trips (return to the village in the evening)
Visit to the holy spring "Sazhelka"
Tours of the ancient village, a story about the development of mining in the Urals
Visit to the ancient St. Nicholas Church
Inspection of the rock Irlinsky stone,
ridge Black Mountain 718, 8m,
Zolotarsky key (where gold is mined to this day)
ur Abashkiny Islands
Apiary visit
Mount Grace
Rock "lonely pine
Valley r Belaya (Agidel)
Black River
sightseeing of the natural monument domain gate,
ur Klyanchino,
sk. Wolf
landscape photography
Photo hunting
Day 5
Radial dog sledding
Bath
Festive dinner
Departure to the railway station or airport in Ufa, Beloretsk or Magnitogorsk.
PohodUral
Tourist club that organizes sports trips and routes for outdoor activities: rafting on rivers on boats, catamarans, rafts, kayaks; horseback riding tours with riding lessons; mountain bike tours with and without auto support; hiking and skiing; survival courses in the mountain taiga for experienced drivers and beginners and much more. Aggregator of routes in the Urals and other regions of Russia. To order a tour or cooperation, please contact us.
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When riding dogs, we made stops after 10 km, more precisely after 1 hour. The time was determined thanks to a special skill, which, according to another well-known expert on the North, P.F. Anjou, helped the trackers “It is rare to be wrong for five minutes in one hour.”
As noted above, the Nizhne-Indigirsky and Ustyansk fishermen, engaged in the extraction of mammoth ivory, laid the foundation for outstanding discoveries at the beginning of the 19th century in Northeast Asia, which subsequently aroused great interest not only in Russia, but also in Europe. “In order to find mammoth bones, industrialists annually travel to distant islands. They have been on the road since March and April. They direct their path according to the position of ice hummocks and snow marks. Long-term experience taught them how to recognize the proper direction to reach the desired islands. Having reached the desired islands, the industrialists remain on them: they look for mammoth bones along the shores, catch animals and fish, and after the onset of autumn, as soon as the sea is covered with ice, they head to their homes, and the very next year, with the onset of the month of March, they transport all your trade."
Until the middle of the XIX century on the island New Siberia fox hunted and mammoth ivory were hunted by some desperate Russian Ustya hunters. And the distance to the island from the mouth of the Indigirka is 300 km - 30 bottoms. It is known that in 1847-1850. the Yakut merchant F. Solovyov and the Indigirka tradesman E. Chikachev repeatedly equipped artels of industrial people on the island of New Siberia. Sometimes these expeditions ended tragically. There is a legend about this among the people.
What courage and perseverance one had to have in order to embark on such a dangerous journey through endless hummocks on a polar night and in a blizzard without a compass! And how much work did it cost? After all, food, dog food and even fuel had to be carried with you. The one-way trip took more than 1 week. They say that the famous musher Stepan Silych lived in the Russian Ustye, who, in any blizzard, would lead his team exactly to a given place on the island. It is curious that the fishermen on the route strictly adhered to the 150th meridian of east longitude, which passes through the mouth of the left Indigirskaya channel and Cape Pestsovy in New Siberia.
Since 1911, annual steamship voyages from Vladivostok to Ambarchik Bay began, and from there cargo was transported across the tundra. Indigirka workers traveled to Ambarchik until 1935 - before the start of regular sea voyages to the mouth of the Indigirka. Each household was given a firm task: to deliver at least 20 pounds of cargo from Ambarchik. Taking into account the fact that you had to take dog food with you, the load per sled reached 500–600 kg. And it had to be delivered for 700-750 km.
There are cases when one team without a shift passed from Yana to Indigirka (about 600 km) or from Indigirka to Kolyma (700 km) in 3 days. At the same time, one of the most valuable features of this transport, which distinguishes it from horse or reindeer transport, should be noted - dogs usually go as long as they have strength, and in the case of good food and relatively favorable weather, they are able to work day after day for a long time.
In the north of Yakutia, the Indigirskaya sled dog was valued above all, it was always a subject of purchase both on the Yana and Kolyma, and the Indigirs were very jealous of the ability to ride dogs. Here the art of riding dogs was divided into three types. The first is the ability to train animals for speed. So, according to E. Shereshevsky, on May 2, 1938, at the regional competitions in Nizhnekolymsk, the best team covered the distance of 50 km in 2 hours and 6 minutes, and the third-place team took 2 hours and 20 minutes. The second is the possibility of transportation most cargo. And the third, perhaps most important, is the ability to navigate the terrain in any weather.
In the Yakut Arctic, the custom of “feeding animals” was widespread at one time, which consisted in the fact that at birth, sons, in addition to their own, were given a dog name. This name was subsequently called puppies, which were fed by teenage boys. Unlike bought or bartered, such dogs were called "fed". The custom of “feeding dogs” by the younger generation of riders provided for their early mastery of animal care techniques, learning how to ride them in children's games and simple housework. Already by the age of ten, teenagers were making significant trips.
The “dog question” occupied a large place in the life of Russian Arctic old-timers. Dogs were called "cattle" or "cattle", and the kennel was called "a flock", apparently in memory of the domestic animal husbandry that their ancestors were engaged in in "Wise Russia". When meeting over a cup of tea on winter evenings, they started endless conversations about dogs, about their habits, about the best riders, etc.
“The dog feeds itself and us too. The dog does not ask for money, clothes too. It is only necessary to observe that she does not starve, she will save you from death. A person does not eat, cannot work. And the dog doesn’t eat for a day, everything goes with nartushkas and goes until it falls ...
... My father was a great rider. In tsarist times, once on a dispute from Nizhnekolymsk to Srednekolymsk, he drove a merchant for a thousand rubles. I won the dispute, drove it in two days, and this is 560 miles. I received two "Peters" (i.e., two five-hundred-ruble notes), but I lost the dogs, they all died.
Such heightened interest local residents to sled dogs is quite understandable, because the well-being of the population of the Arctic depended on their condition.
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