The cycle of lessons continues and today lesson number 10 is waiting for you. In my explanation of how to pronounce the sound correctly, I rely on pronunciation of a similar English sound, not a similar Russian sound... Although quite often in textbooks for teaching reading, English sounds are replaced by Russian sounds. For example, English [s] is replaced by Russian "c". But this is fundamentally the wrong approach.
From lesson number 10 you will learn:
- what is the difference between English [s] and Russian "s";
- how the English consonants [s] and [z] are read;
- what letters represent the English sounds [s] and [z];
- how the plural forms of nouns in English language.
How to pronounce English sound [s] correctly?
- English consonant sound [s] pronounced wrong like the Russian "s". To pronounce this sound correctly, you need to lift the tip of the tongue to the BUMPS behind the upper teeth (they are called alveoli) and exhale the air with force into the resulting gap.
- The Russian "s" is pronounced differently: firstly, the tip of the tongue is lowered and a gap is formed between the front of the tongue and the teeth, and secondly, the Russian sound "s" is less energetic and less prolonged.
- Another reason for the Russian accent is the tendency to soften the sound [s] before, [i], [e], for example, in the words seat, sit, set.
How to pronounce the English sound [z] correctly?
- The consonant sound [z] is a short weak voiced sound, in contrast to the Russian sound "z" the tip of the tongue is raised when pronouncing the English sound.
- Between vowels, the sound [z] sounds sonorous, and at the beginning and at the end of a word it can partially lose its “sonorousness”, but it is never completely deafened and does not turn into [s].
- Also, the sound [z] is not softened before, [i], [e], for example, in words zeal, zip, zed.
Remember that in English, consonants are not softened before vowels and are not stunned at the end of words.
Listen to how the sounds [s] and [z] are pronounced -
Let's start training. Exercises await for site subscribers (with audio recording) to practice the consonant sound [s]
Phonetic exercises with audio recording (closed content no.19)
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Title: Teaching to read in English. Subscription code 19
Description: Access to a course of lessons on teaching reading in English and pronunciation at the same time. Author T.V. Nabeeva
On the letter the sounds [s] and [z] are designated by the English letters Ss and Zz. In this case, the letter Ss denotes the sound [z] quite often, namely, when it stands:
- between vowels, as in a word busy[`bizi] or
- at the end of a word after a vowel and a voiced consonant, as in words seas , deeds
A bit of grammar
Plural English nouns have an ending at the end - S, For example, pig - pig, pigs - pigs. Pay note that after voiced consonants and vowels ending - S reads as [z], that is, pigs - pigs, peas - peas, etc.
Here are a few English phrases with the sounds [s] and [z]. These sounds are very common in words and now that you know how to pronounce them correctly, it is worth catching up. Start learning phrases! And in order to remember them better, come up with a short story on the topic "My visit to the doctor" and send it by mail [email protected] site. The best stories will be published on the site, and the winner will receive a prize - a free subscription to lessons on "Learn to Read for 3 months". The competition is over.
Competition for English language learners
- be sick - to be sick
- sleep badly - bad sleep (not getting enough sleep)
- sit still - sit still
- be upset - to be upset
- insist to see - insist on meeting [ɪnˈsɪst tuː siː]
- see a doctor - see a doctor
- speak softly - speak calmly
- sick leave - sick leave
- spend money - spend money
- cost a lot - very expensive
- come back - return
- send a card - send a postcard
Many consonants, depending on the participation of the vocal cords (with the same articulation), form pairs: voiceless consonant - media.
Compare: chalk-stranded, horse-horse, weight-all.
In english final voiced For example: bad - bad, but: bat - bat, had - had, but: hat hat - hat.
Final voiceless consonants in English are pronounced much more energetically and distinctly than in Russian. In addition, the vowels before them are noticeably shorter than those before the corresponding voiced consonants. Compare: bid-bit, sat-sad, hat-had.
for example: tell- miller - ["mılə], hill-.
Difference between voiceless and voiced consonants
Many consonants are opposed to each other according to the work of the vocal cords, forming pairs: voiceless consonant - media... With the same articulation, a voiced consonant differs from the corresponding voiceless consonant only in that when it is pronounced, the vocal cords vibrate. Compare the Russians: p-b, k-g, f-v, t-d, s-z; English:[p] - [b], [k] - [g], [θ] - [ð], [ʃ] - [ʒ]
Strong pronunciation of English consonants
In Russian, most consonants have two pronunciations: soft and hard. This difference in the pronunciation of consonants is word-distinguishing. for example: chalk-stranded, con-horse, weight-whole. In English, consonants are not softened, they are always pronounced firmly.
English voiced consonants at the end of a word
In Russian, voiced consonants at the end of a word are usually deafened, and this does not lead to a change in the meaning of the word. For example: club, moat In english final voiced consonants cannot be deafened, because this leads to a change in the meaning of the word. For example: bad - bad, but: bat - a bat, had - had, but: hat - a hat.
Reading English double consonants
Unlike the Russian language, where the doubling of a consonant letter is reflected in the pronunciation by lengthening the corresponding consonant sound (namely, assent, doubled), in English, double consonants indicate only one sound, For example: tell-, miller - ["mılə], hill-.
English consonants b, f, k, m, p, v, z
English consonants b, f, k, m, p, v, z correspond to Russian letters b, f, k, m, p, c, h, but pronounced more energetically, which is achieved by some lip tension for [b], [m ], [f], [v] and the language for [z] and [k]. English [p] and [k] are aspirated. For example: pip, bin, pen, kin, zip, fill, pep, kill, mill,
English consonants d, l, n, t
English consonants d, l, n, t correspond to Russian d, l, n, t, but when pronouncing English d, l, n, t, the tip of the tongue should be kept on the alveoli (tubercles above the upper teeth). English [t] and [d] are pronounced much more energetically than Russian, and accompanied by aspiration. Closing occurs between the tip of the tongue and the alveoli, followed by a rapid explosion. English [l] is pronounced softer than in the word onion, but harder than the word Luke, and does not soften until (eh) as in the word stranded. For example: lift, ten, ted, lem, telt, tem, dim, dem, let, ted, tit, ned, net, tell, kid, end, bit, set
English consonant letter h
The English consonant letter h corresponds to the Russian letter x, but unlike it, it conveys only a light, almost soundless exhalation. The language does not have a special way and takes the position necessary for pronouncing the next vowel. For example: hill, hit, hint, hen, hem, help, held, him, hell.
English consonant letter r
The English consonant letter r corresponds to the Russian letter p, but unlike it, it conveys a sound that does not vibrate. When pronouncing the English sound [r], the tip of the tongue is strongly bent back and motionless. A gap is formed between the edges of the tip of the tongue and its lower side, partially facing the hard palate, through which the air stream passes. For example: rid, rest, dress, brisk, trip, risk, rib, grim, grip, red
English consonant letter s
The letter s conveys the sounds [s] and [z], corresponding to Russian [S], in words garden, hall. There are two sound meanings of the English letter s:
English letter s reflects
- voiceless consonant [s]:
- at the beginning of words - send
- at the end of words after voiceless sounds s will be pronounced like a voiceless consonant, because the previous consonant stuns it. For example: lists, sleeps, pits
- before the consonant - test , best
- [z]
- at the end of words after vowels and voiced consonants
- between two vowels visit
- doubled s (ss) reflects the muffled sound [s].
| Example | |
|---|---|
| [s] | soft, sock, set, sets, beets, tips, tops, must |
| [z] | begs, lads, yells, nose, feeds, deeds, lens, music ["mjʋ: zıkz] |
English consonant letter w
There is no similar letter in Russian. At the beginning of a word, the letter w reflects the sound [w], a sonant (half-vowel sound) that is absent in Russian. This is a labial-labial sound produced by the work of both lips when the vocal cords vibrate. The tense lips move forward, rounded strongly, then the corners of the mouth move apart quickly and energetically, approximately as is done when pronouncing Russian [y] in combination "ya".
| Example | |
|---|---|
| [ı:] | we, weed, sweep, sweet |
| [e] | wed, wet, west, well |
| [ı] | wit, will, wind, swift |
English consonant letter j
There is no similar letter in Russian. It denotes a double sound, reminiscent of the sound [j] in the words jumper, jigit. This letter occurs only before a vowel. For example: jam, jump, July gentle, object [ɒbdʒıkt], geology, Jane
| Example | |
|---|---|
| jam, jump, July gentle, object [ɒbdʒıkt], geology, Jane | |
| [g] | go, give, get, glee, clog, mug |
The two sound meanings of the English letters c and g
- Before the letters e, i, y, the letters c and g reflect the sounds [s] and, accordingly
For example: place, face, ice, city ["sıtı], gin, page, gym
- in all other cases, the letters c and g reflect the sounds [k] and [g], respectively
For example: cap, clean, game, bag
Sound meanings of an English letter X
- before consonants and at the end of words as a sound combination (pronounced dully like a consonance [ks] in the words boxing, bill.)
for example: text, six, fixes, vex, next
- the letter x is pronounced loudly when it is between two vowels before the stressed syllable. This sound resembles the sound of [rs] in the continuous pronunciation of the phrase step by step.
for example: exist [ıg "zıst], exact [ıg" zækt], exam [ıg "zæm]
- in words of Greek origin, the x at the beginning of the word is pronounced [z]. In Russian, these words begin with the sound [ks].
for example: xenon ["zenan], xerox [" zıərɒks], xiphoid ["zıfɒıd], xylose [" zaıləʋs]
The sound meaning of English letter combinations ci (si, ti)
The letter combination ci (si, ti) reflects the sound [ʃ], for example: Asia ["eıʃə], specialist [" speʃəlıst]... Such a combination of letters is often included in the noun -ion suffix, which forms abstract nouns. This suffix matches the Russian suffixes -siya, -ssiya, for example: mission ["mıʃn] - mission, nation [" neıʃn] - nation, demonstration - demonstration.Note. If -sion is preceded by a vowel, then this combination conveys the sound [ʒən], for example: explosion [ıks "pləʋʒən], erosion [ı" rəʋʒən], conclusion, revision.
Digraph gh
- The English combination of letters gh is found in words of Germanic origin. It should be remembered that in English the digraph gh does not sound in the middle of a word, and the vowel i in front of it is pronounced like a diphthong. For example: light, might, right, night
- in a few words, in the final position the digraph gh reflects the sound [f]. For example: laugh, enough [ı "nʌf], rough
- the combination ought is pronounced [ɔ: t]. For example: ought [ɔ: t], bought, fought, brought
- at the beginning of a word, gh reflects the sound [g]. For example ghost, ghetto ["getɒʋ], ghastly [" gɑ: stlı].
Rules for reading letters s, ss, ß
Letter s denotes two consonant sounds that are similar to Russian consonants s, s... At the end of a word or syllable and before consonants, a letter s reads like a voiceless consonant, similar to Russian With, but it is pronounced more tensely and with a stronger friction noise. Say it: [s].
____________
Doubled ss denotes the sound [s] between two vowels, if the previous vowel is short, nasse ['nasə] wet... Between two vowels, if the previous vowel is long, the sound [s] is indicated by a letter combination ß (escet), for example: aßen [’’ a: sən].
Letter combination ß can also denote the sound [s] at the end of a word and before the consonant t, for example: aßt [‘a: st] ate, naß wet.
1. Pronounce s with a strong rubbing noise, remember to make a firm fit in front of vowels.
Before vowels and between two vowels a letter s reads like a voiced consonant [z], corresponding to a Russian consonant s, but pronounced, as you already know, weaker and less voiced (half-voiced), especially after voiceless consonants.
2. Say the following words with the sound [z].
Rules for reading letters p, b, m
German letters p, b, m denote consonants similar to Russian n, b, m... German voiceless consonant [p] (spelled p or pp and b at the end of a word) more tense than Russian P and pronounced aspirated, especially at the end of a word, before vowels and sonorant consonants. Consonant [b] (spelled b or bb), like all German voiced consonants, is pronounced weaker than Russian b and less loudly, especially after voiceless consonants, and at the end of a word and before voiceless consonants, as in Russian, it is completely stunned and pronounced like [p], for example: ab [’ap] With.
Consonant [m] (spelled m or mm) is pronounced more tensely and more protractedly than the Russian sound m especially after short vowels.
1. Say new sounds in combination with several times.
2. Say the following words.
| [a] | ||||||
| bat | requested | ab | [‘Ap] | With | ||
| Bahn | road | Band | ribbon | |||
| Saat | sowing | Mann | the male | |||
| Paß | the passport |
3. Review the passed sounds again. Do not forget that the vowel at the beginning of the word is pronounced with a hard onset. Read the words you know.
| aß | [‘A: s] | bat | Naht | nah | ||||||
| aßt | [‘A: st] | saß | Tat | da | ||||||
| Ahn | [’A: n] | Bahn | Saat | sah | ||||||
| [a] | ||||||||||
| ab | [‘Ap] | satt | Mann | Paß | ||||||
| an | [‘An] | Band | sann | das | ||||||
| Ast | [‘Ast] | Sand | dann | naß |
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